2021英语外研版选择性必修第四册教用文档Unit 3

兼送。作文巧升格Guidedwriting

IAS〉ANLJCWNZ

r~j^：体指导二~i

电子邮件

电子邮件(electronicmail,常缩略为e-mail,E-mail或email)属应用文体。它

用途广泛，传递快捷，可以一件多发。而且费用十分低廉，特别适合国际间的交

流。

［基本框架］

电子邮件一般由以下五部分组成：

(1)收件人地址：在标题栏的“收件人(To)”框中输入收件人的E-mail地

址。

(2)主题：“主题(Subject)”框的内容应简明地概括邮件的内容。短的可以是

一个单词，如greeting；长的可以是一个名词性短语，也可以是完整的句子。

(3)称呼：E-mail一般使用非正式的文体，因此正文前的称呼通常无需使用

诸如DearMrJohn之类的表达。在同辈的亲朋好友或同事间可以直呼其名，如：

HiTom,但对长辈或上级最好使用头衔并使用姓。如DearDoctorLi。

(4)正文：写E-mail和写英文书信相差不多，但还要注意以下两点：

a：首先要明确写给谁。不同的收件人，语气不同。写给朋友的可用一些俚

语或缩写语言，但正式的邮件就不能用俚语或缩写词语飞

b：写电子邮件要直接，并多用短句使意思清楚。对于根据提示来写的电子

邮件，必须将要点写全，并注意语言的运用。

(5)结尾客套话：结尾客套话通常也很简明。常用Thanks,Best,Cheers,

Sincerelyyours,Bestregards等。

［常用词块］

1.recommendthebooktoallmystudents

向我所有的学生推荐这本书

2.aproposaltobuildmoreofficeaccommodation

增建办公楼的建议

3.questionsconcerningthefutureofthecompany

有关公司前途的问题

4.giveyourbrothermyregards

代我向你哥哥问好

5.lookforwardtohearingfromyou

盼望收到你的来信

［常用语句］

★精彩开头

1.Iamhappy/glad/pleasedtoreceiveyoure-maildatedbyMay1st.

我很高兴收到你5月1日的电子邮件。

2.Iamsorrynottoanswer/replytoyoure-mailintimebecauseIhavebeenbusy

thesedays.

很抱歉，我这几天一直很忙，没有及时回复您的电子邮件。

3.Iamsorrytolearnthat...

很抱歉得知...

4.Iamgladtoreceiveyourlettersayingthat...

很高兴收到你的来信，信中说……

★丰满主体

1.Meanwhile,smokingis…Besides…同时，吸烟是...另外

2.AsfarasIamconcerned,weshould…就我而言，我们应该...

3.Moreandmorepeoplehaverealizedhowserioustheproblemis.

越来越多的人意识到问题的严重性。

4.Inorderto...,wemust…为了...，我们必须

5.Ithinkitwouldbeagoodideaifyoucould...

我想如果你能……，将是个不错的主意。

6.Ihopeyouwillfindthesesuggestions/proposals/recommendationshelpful.

我希望你会觉得这些建议很有帮助。

★余味结尾

X.Iwishyouahappyandmeaningfultimein...

我希望你能在……度过开心并且有意义的一段时间。

2.Iamlookingforwardtohearingfromyousoon.

我期待很快收到你的来信。

3.Pleasegivemyregardstoyourfamily.

请代我向你的家人问好。

4.Ifyouhavesomemorequestions,letmeknow.

如果你还有问题，请告诉我。

F以致用kl

假如你是高中生李华，你的美国笔友Jack热爱中国传统文化，最近打算来

中国工作生活一段时间，但是不确定应该去往哪个城市，请你写封电子邮件推荐

一个城市，内容包括：

1.你推荐的城市；

2.推荐的理由（不少于两条）；

3.美好的祝愿。

注意：1.词数80左右；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

【参考范文】

DearJack,

IamsopleasedtolearnthatyouaretospendsometimeinChina.

IrecommendyoustayinBeijing,thecapitalandculturalcentreofChina.The

cityenjoysahighreputationforitsabundanceofancientarchitecture,which

representsthetraditionallocallifestyles.Andtherearealsoplentyofmuseumswhere

preciousrelicsofhistoricalinterestarewaitingforyoutoexplore.Besides,the

exceptionalPekingOperaperformancestherearealsowhatyoucannotmiss.

IwishyouaveryhappyandmeaningfultimeinChina.

Yourssincerely,

LiHua

Unit3TheworldmeetsChina

导读。话题砂切入Stimulateyourimaginationandpotential

1.Therelationshipbetweencultureshouldbeabsorptionandintegration,not

plunderandconquest.

文化的关系应是吸收和融合，绝不是掠夺与征服。

2.Culturewon'tbecauseofthepovertyofacountry,andlostitsvalue.

文化不会因为一个国家的贫穷而失掉它的价值。

3.Geographicalenvironmentdecidedtothedevelopmentofculture,and

traditionalculturecanaffectthecourseofhistory.

地理环境决定文化的发展，而传统文化会影响历史的进程。

「7话题悟口

TheChinesenationisahard-workingandintelligentpeoplewhohasmadegreat

contributionstotheworldcivilization.ReferringtotheChineseculturalheritage,some

ofthemarepreservedverywelLIfyouhaveachancetotraveltoChina,Irecommend

youfirsttovisitBeijingandXi'an,wheremanyhistoricsitesareworthvisiting.Apart

fromthehistoricalandculturalheritage,thebeautyofWestLakeinHangzhouand

GuilinScenerycannotbeignored.SomevillagesinYunnanProvincestillremain

simplefolkcustoms,insidewhichyouwillberemindedofthegoodolddays.

匚i美文欣赏二

Knownas“themotherofUygurmusic"，Muqam（木卡姆）hasalong

history.Somescholarsbelievethatitsoriginscanbetracedbacktothe"GreatWestern

RegionMelody”（西域大曲）.ThisdevelopedduringtheHan（202BC~220AD）and

Tang（618~907AD）dynastiesandenjoyedgreatpopularityincentralChina.Inthe

mid-16thcentury,theSilkRoadconnectedChinaandEurope.Xinjiangwasatthe

centreoftheculturalexchangebetweeneastandwest.Muqammusicwasspread

acrossUygur-populatedareasduringthattime.ThequeenofYarkantKingdom（叶尔

羌汗国），whosenamewasAmannisahan,wasapoetandmusician.Shedevotedallher

effortstocollectingandsortingMuqammusic.Withthehelpofotherexperts,she

finallyworkedout12piecesofmusic，whichbecamethefamousTwelve

Muqam.WhenAmannisahanwasdoingherwork,shedidn'tseekmaterialsfromthe

fullydevelopedArabianandPersianmusic.Instead,sheexploited（利用）therich

resourcesofUygurfolkmusicthatspreadacrossthenorthandthesouthofthe

TianshanMountains.Asaresult,theTwelveMuqamhasastrongUygurflavor.

AfterNewChinawasfounded,thelocalgovernmentoftheXinjiangUygur

AutonomousRegionmadeeveryefforttopreservetheTwelveMuqam.In1960,two

volumesoftheTwelveMuqamwerepublished.Thisfinallyprotectedthisoralcultural

heritage.Overthepasttwodecades,localXinjiangculturalinstitutionshavesupported

researchprojects.AnumberofbooksabouttheTwelveMuqamhavebeen

published.CDs,andDVDsoftheTwelveMuqamhavealsobeenmade.

［探究发现］

1.Findoutthepersonwhomadethegreatestcontributiontothespreadof

Muqam.

Amannisahan.

2.FindoutwhatplayedanimportantroleintheprotectionofMuqamafterNew

Chinawasfounded.

ThelocalgovernmentoftheXinjiangUygurAutonomousRegion.

3.Findoutthemainideaofthepassageandthenthinkofapropertitleforit.

Muqam,anartformofXinjiang.

疣读。技能初养成Developingideas

I：AZI）UJIZ「Z（；UHIJYAZ《；UHEZU

E课文助,读K

阅读教材P32-33课文，选出最佳选项

1.WhatwasthefirstChinesehistoricalworkthatJoachimread?

A.ShiJi.

B.Homer'sepicpoems.

C.RecordsoftheGrandHistorian.

D.SongoftheShepherd,

2.HowdopeopleintheNetherlandsselectworkstotranslate?

A.Accordingtotheworkitself.

B.Accordingtopeople'sinterest.

C.Accordingtothemoneyprovidedbythepunishinghouses.

D.AccordingtotheopinionsofrespectedSinologists.

［答案］1-2AD

匚“要点直击二

WordsandPhrases

知识要点1account叙述；描写；报道；账单；账户说明；解释

［教材P30］ZhangQian,adiplomat,gaveareliableaccountofthelandsof

CentralAsiafortheHancourt.

张骞是一位外交官，他为汉朝提供了一份关于中亚地区的可靠报告。

［例11Theprefaceofthebookincludesanaccountoftheauthor'slife.

该书前言记述了作者生平。

H列2］Thereportpresentsafaithfulaccountoftheevent.

这篇报告如实地记述了那次事件。

［造句］她的日记记述了事情的经过。

Herdiarygivesanaccountofwhathappened.

［知识拓展］

(l)onaccountof(=becauseof)因为，由于

onnoaccount(=innoway)决不

giveanaccountof报告；叙述；说明

takeoaccount=takeaccountofsth.

对某事加以考虑

(2)accountfor解释，说明，占……（比例）

［即学即练］完成句子/单句语法填空/句型转换

©AccordingtotheWorldBank,Chinaaccountsforabout30percent(中国占

30%左右)oftotalglobalfertilizerconsumption.

②Iwasanewteacher,andIgaveanhonestaccountofthestudents*work.

(3)Thepatientcanonnoaccountbemoveduntiladoctorhasarrivedonthe

scene.

fOnnoaccountcanthepatientbnmoveduntiladoctorhasarrivedonthe

scene.

知识要点2inadditionto另外，加之，除...之外(还)

［教材P30］InadditiontostudyingWesternliterature,hewroteanumberof

worksonChineseculture.

除了学习西方文学外，他还写了许多关于中国文化的著作。

［4列1］Youneedmoneyandtime；inaddition,youneeddiligence.

你需要钱和时间，此外还需要努力。

［例2］InChina,bothlatemarriagesandlatechildbirthareadvocated,in

additiontofewerandbetterbirths.

在中国，晚婚晚育和少生优生均受到提倡鼓励。

［造句］除了每周的薪水外，我还能得到不少小费。

Inaddition［omyweeklywage,Igotalotoftips.

［知识拓展］

(l)inaddition=besides/furthermore/whatfsmore

另外，而且

inadditionto=besides/apartfrom/aswellas

除...之外还...

(2)additionaladj.额外的，附加的

［即学即练］单句语法填空

©Inaddition,Icanseedifferentkindsofbeautifulbirds.

©Workingoutinthemorningprovidesadditional(addition)benefitsbeyond

beingphysicallyfit.

知识要点3familiara酝熟悉的

［教材P32］TheworldofChineseliteratureisonethatisfamiliartousall.

中国文学世界是我们大家都熟悉的。

［例1］Yournameisfamiliartome.

我熟悉你的名字。

［例2］Roseheardthefamiliarvoice,buttunedoutthewords.

罗斯听到了熟悉的声音，但没注意听说的是什么。

［造句］我不了解他的性格。

Iamnotfamiliarwithhischaracter.

［知识拓展］

(l)unfamiliaradj.不熟悉的；陌生的

(2)sth.befamiliartosb.某物对某人来说熟悉的

sb.befamiliarwithsth.某人熟知某事物

［即学即练］单句语法填空/句型转换

①Heisanew-comer,soheisunfamiliar(familiar)withtheschool.

②Thesearethefactsthatarefamiliartoeveryschoolboy.

fThesearethefactswithwhicheveryschoodboyisfamiliar.

知识要点4prioradj.先前的；较早的

［教材P32］Priortothat,theonlygreathistoricalworksIhadbeenexposedto

wereHomer'sepicpoems.

在此之前，我曾经接触到的唯一伟大的历史作品是荷马史诗。

［例1］I'msorryIhaveapriorengagement.

对不起，我有约会在先。

H列2］Shehadtorefusetheinvitationbecauseofapriorarrangement.

由于事先有安排，她不得不拒绝这个邀请。

［造句］在十字路口，校车有优先通行权。

Atthecrossroads,schoolbuseshaveapriorrighttopass.

［知识拓展］

priorto在...之刖，先J

priorityn.优先；优先权

havepriorityover……比……有优先权

［即学即练］单句语法填空

①Thewillwasmadetwodayspriortohisdeath.

②Mypriority(prior)istofinishmyhomeworkthendinner.

(3)Apatrolcarhaspriorityoverothertraffic.

知识要点5determinedadj.^b;决定；决意；坚定的；坚决的；果断的

［教材P33］IfellinlovewithDreamoftheRedChamberthefirsttimeIreadit,

andwasdeterminedtotranslateitintoBulgarian.

我第一次读到《红楼梦》时就爱上了它，并决心将它翻译成保加利亚语。

［例1］Hisenemiesaredeterminedtoruinhim.

他的敌人决意要毁了他。

［例2］Hewasdeterminedthatnoneofhischildrenwouldbedenied

education.

他下定决心要让他的每个孩子都接受教育。

［造句］我们下定决心，要在元旦前完成这项工作。

WearedeterminedtogettheworkdonebeforeNewYear'sDay.

［知识拓展］

(l)bedeterminedtodosth.决心做某事（表示状态）

(2)determinev.决定；确定；（使）下定决心

determinetodosth.决心做某事（表示动作）

determineon/upon(doing)sth.决定（做）某事

(3)determinationn.决心；果断

高考中常把determinedtodosth.作状语的用法作为考查点，有类似用法的还

有lostin,caughtin,absorbedin等。

［即学即练］单句语法填空

①Ideterminedtowrite(write)theminalphabeticalorder(按字母顺序)，never

lettingmyselfleaveoutatoughidea.

②Whereheoncefeltlikegivingup,henowhasthedetermination(determine)to

pushfurtherandkeepongoing.

(3)Determined(determine)todothisonmyown,Ispentseveralweeksgoingdoor

-to-doorforajob,butfoundlittleresponse.

［小片段填空］

Theverydeterminedmanhasdeterminedtodealwiththematterwithgreat

courageandfirmdetermination.

知识要点6see...done看见被做

［教材P33］EachyearseesmoreworksbyChinesewriterspublishedinthe

Netherlands,andtheyarewell-received.

每年在荷兰会见证更多的中国作家的作品被出版，并且人们对它们反应良

好。

［例1］Iwouldliketoseetheplancarriedout.

我想看到这个计划被执行。

H列2］Isawhimpunishedbyhisfather.

我看见他被他父亲惩罚了。

［造句］我看见他被狗咬了。

Isawhimbittenbyadog.

［知识拓展］

(l)seesb./sth.doingsth.看见……正在做

(2)seesb./sth.dosth.看见…做了

(3)seesb./sth.beingdone看见正在被

［即学即练］单句语法填空

①Isawhimcrying(cry)undertheroad.

②Thelittleboysawthedogkilled(kill).

(3)Canyouseethebridgebeingbuilt(build)?

口阅读技能匚］

主旨大意题

说明文、记叙文、议论文三种文体涉及的多种话题如社会文化类、人物故事

类、科普说明类，都会考查文章大意类题。设问形式常有：

(l)Whatisthemaintheme/topic/ideaofthis/thepassage/thetext?

(2)Whatdoesthetext/passagemainlyfbcuson?

(3)Thepassageismainlyabout.

(4)Thegeneral/mainideaofthepassageis.

(5)Thepassagemainlyfocuseson.

解题技巧——“主题句定位”寻主旨

文章是由段落组成的。段落的主题就是段落的中心思想，具体段落的中心思

想又是为文章整体中心思想服务的。理解整篇文章的中心思想的方法是建立在理

解具体段落中心的基础上的。找出每小段的主题句，各段的主题句常在该段的首

句或尾句，各段主题句的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。有的文章无明显主题句，

主题句隐含在段意之中，这就需要进一步加工概括。观察全文的结构安排，理解

文章的“重心”和支撑性细节。

找主题句四个小窍门

1.段落中出现表示转折的词语(如however,but,infact,actually等)时,该

句很可能是主题句。

2.首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章的主旨。

3.作者有意识地重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现

文章主旨的关键词。

4.表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore,thus,inshort,conclude,conclusion

等词。

［典例］

Amonthbeforemyfirstmarathon,oneofmyankleswasinjuredandthismeant

notrunningfortwoweeks,leavingmeonlytwoweekstotrain.Yet,Iwasdetermined

togoahead.

Irememberbacktomy7thyearinschool.InmyfirstP.E.class,theteacher

requiredustorunlapsandthenhitasoftball.Ididn*tdoeitherwell.Helaterinformed

methatIwas“notathletic

TheideathatIwas“notathleticstuckwithmeforyears.WhenIstarted

runninginmy30s,Irealizedrunningwasabattleagainstmyself,notabout

competitionorwhetherornotIwasathletic.ltwasallaboutthebattleagainstmyown

bodyandmind.Atestofwills!

Thenightbeforemymarathon,IdreamtthatIcouldn'tevenfindthefinishline.I

wokeupsweatingandnervously,butreadytoprovesomethingtomyself.

Shortlyaftercrossingthestartline,myshoelaces(鞋带)becameuntied.SoI

stoppedtoreadjust.NotthestartIwanted!

Atmile3,Ipassedasign："GOFORIT,RUNNERS!”

Bymile17,Ibecameoutofbreathandtheonceinjuredanklehurtbadly.Despite

thepain,Istayedthecoursewalkingabitandthenrunningagain.

Bymile21,Iwasstarving!

AsIapproachedmile23,Icouldseemywifewavingasign.Sheismybiggest

fan.Shenevermindedthealarmclocksoundingat4a.m.orquestionedmyexpenses

onrunning.

Iwasoneofthefinalrunnerstofinish.ButIfinished!AndIgotamedal.Infact,I

gotthesamemedalastheonethattheguywhocameinfirstplacehad.

Determinedtobemyself,moveforward,freeofshameandworldlylabels（世俗

标签），Icannowcallmyselfamarathonwinner”.

★Whatdoesthestorymainlytellus?

A.Amanoweshissuccesstohisfamilysupport.

B.Awinnerisonewithagreateffortofwill.

C.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.

D.Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.

B［通读全文可知，作者在讲述了自己跑马拉松的经历，再根据最后一段

uDeterminedtobemyself,moveforward,freeofshameandworldlylabels（世俗标

签），Icannowcallmyselfamarathonwinner?.”可知，作者成功跑完马拉松

源于自己的强大意志力。故选B。］

［对点训练］

A

Boys&GirlsClubsofKingCountyisproudtoannounceCassy,amemberof

WallingfordBoys&GirlsClub,haswonthetitleofourYouthoftheYear.

Intotal,12extraordinaryteensfromClubsacrossthecountycompetedforthe

title.Eachcandidatewasjudgedonthefollowing：leadershipandservicetotheirClub

andcommunity；theirlifegoalsandvalues；moralcharacter；academicsuccessand

theirpublicspeakingskillsduringaninterview.

Cassywalkedawaywiththewinningtitleanda$2,000education

scholarship.Shesaid,“Whentherewasnooneelsetoreachoutto,IknewIcouldturn

tothestaffattheBoys&GirlsClub.WithouttheClub,Iwouldn'thavehadthe

strengthtocontinuemystudieswhileIwashomeless.Ihavecometothinkofthe

Boys&GirlsClubasnotonlyaplacetogotoafterschool,butashelterandahome.”

uCassyisincrediblyhard-workinganddriven,“saidMeghanSweet,Director

ofWallingfordBoys&GirlsClub."Shewon*tletherchallengesgetinthewayofher

success.TheClubhasprovidedherwithasecondhome,whilesheinreturnhashelped

maketheClubawarmandwelcomingplacewestrivetoprovidefbrallour

members.TheworldneedsmoreyoungwomenlikeCassy,whohasprovedthat

anyonewhoisgivenaplaceandanopportunitytodeveloptheirpotentialcanbecome

acommunityleader.”

Cassyvaluesthevoicesofindividualswhoarehomeless.Sheherselfhas

experiencedhomelessness,andwantstosharerealstoriesofthehomelesstopromote

people'sunderstandingofthem.Sheco-foundedastudentorganizationwheresheand

otherstudentsinterviewhomelessindividualsandsharetheirstoriesonaFacebook

pagecalled“TheUnheardVoicesofSeattle”.

★Whatisthepassagemainlytalkingabout?

A.TheUnheardVoicesofSeattle.

B.ThewinneroftheYouthoftheYear.

C.Boys&GirlsClubsofKingCounty.

D.Themovingstoriesofhomelesskids.

B［主旨大意题。本文围绕Cassy获得Boys&GirlsClubsofKingCounty的

“YouthoftheYear”称号展开了叙述，然后讲述了该称号的评选条件、Cassy获奖

后的感受、他人对Cassy的评价以及Cassy为让人们更加了解无家可归的人而做

出的努力等。故选B。］

B

Ifsomepartsofabodyareverysickordamaged,thendoctorsmightneedto

removethem.Anotherwaydoctorscanhelpistogrownewtissuetoreplacewhatis

sickordamaged.Thisiscalledregenerativemedicine（再生医学）.

Regenerativemedicinesoundslikesomethingfromasciencefictionmoviebutit

isnotanewidea.Insideourbones,wehavesomethingcalled“marrow"，which

makesourbloodandkeepsushealthy.Doctorshavebeengivingsickpeoplethebone

marrowfromotherhealthypeopleforthelast30or40years,andthisisakindof

regenerativemedicine.

Newerdevelopmentsinregenerativemedicineincludegrowingnewskinina

laboratoryandusingittohelppeoplewhohavebeenhurtinfiresor

accidents.Anotherexampleofregenerativemedicineisatechniquedevelopedfrom

studyingfrogsandmice.Whencellsareold,likeinadults,theycan'tchangewhatthey

doinourbodies.Forexample,askincellcan'tchangeintoaneyecell.Butwhencells

areveryyoung,theycanbecomeanycelltype.Theseyoungcellsarecalledstem

cells,anddoctorscanusethemtogrowanytypeoftissue,suchasskin,heartor

eye.JohnGurdonandShinyaYamanakawonthe2012NobelPrizefortheirstudiesin

thisarea.

ProfessorFionaWatt,fromtheCentreofRegenerativeMedicineatKing's

College,London,believesthatregenerativemedicineissoexcitingbecausemany

differentkindsofexpertsneedtoworktogether.3Dprintersmaybeusedtoprintnew

bonesbyexperts,whoneedtoworkcloselywithuniversityscientistsandthe

surgeonswhodotheoperationsinhospitals.

Wecannotyetgrownewarmsorlegsforpeople,butthesciencefictiondream

ofregenerativemedicinemaybecloserthanwethink.Perhapsinthefuture,doctors

willbeabletogrowwholenewbodiesforus.

★What'sthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Howtohelpverysickordamagedpeople.

B.Regenerativemedicineandsciencefiction.

C.Wecangrowournewbodiesinthefuture.

D.Regenerativemedicineanditsdevelopment.

D［主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了什么是再生医学，再生医学的具体应用和

发展过程及前景。“Regenerativemedicineanditsdevelopment”是全文的主旨，故

选D。］

教学。知识细解码Focusesonlanguagepoints

衬士m印4=17=ti

「■词汇派生G

1.gloryn,光荣fglorify。.赞美；美化fglorious辉煌的fgloriouslyado.

辉煌地；壮丽地

2.boastv.（地方、机构等）自豪地拥有（好的事物）boastern.自夸者

boastful浮夸的fboastfullyado.自夸地；浮夸地

3.religionn,宗教freligious〃力.宗教的freligiously4do.虔诚地

4.heavenn.天国fheavenlyq力.天国的

5.strong〃力强壮的fstronglyad。.强有力地fstrength力量fstrengthen

v.加强

匚词多义」

1.peakn.高峰，顶点；尖顶。力高峰时期的，巅峰状态的u.达到最高峰,

达到最高值

①Sheisatthepeakofhercareer.〃.高峰

②thepeakofaroof〃.尖顶

(3)0ilproductionpeakedintheearly1980s.o.达到最高峰

©Marchisoneofthepeakperiodsforourbusiness.。力.最繁忙的/高峰时期的

2.coverages.覆盖范围；新闻报道；(保险公司的)保险

©magazineswithextensivecoverageofdietandhealthtopics覆盖范围

②today'snewspapercoverage新闻报道

③Medicaidhealthcoverageforlow-incomefamilies保险

匚要点直击

WordsandPhrases

知识要点1vary沅.变化；不同”变更；改变

［教材P26］ThesubjectsoftheDunhuangmuralsvaryfromreligiousstoriesto

scenesofeverydaylife.

敦煌壁画的题材多种多样，从宗教故事到日常生活场景都有。

［例1］Thestudents*workvariesconsiderablyinquality.

学生作业的质量相当地参差不齐。

H列2］Themenuvarieswiththeseason.

菜单随季节而变动。

［造句］班级的数目从25到30不等。

Classnumbersvarybetween25and30.

［知识拓展］

(l)varywith随…一而变化

varyfrom不同于

varyin在…“方面不同/有差异

varyfrom...to...由“…到……不等/不同

(2)varietyn.变化；多样性；种类

avarietyof=varietiesof各种各样的

(3)variousadj.各种各样的；不同的

forvariousreasons由于种种原因

(4)variouslyadv.以各种方式；不同地

avarietyof/varietiesof后接复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；the

varietyof后接复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

［即学即练］单句语法填空/完成句子

①Theschoollibraryprovidesavarietyoforiginalworks,hopingtheywillmeet

theneedsofdifferentstudents.

②Thecosthasbeenvariously(various)estimatedatbetween£10millionand

£20million.

©Changesinpricenormallyvarywithchangesofsupplyandneed.

©ThoughLucyandLilyaretwins,theyvaryincharacter.

⑤Thevarietyoffoodsattherestaurantis(be)limited,buttheamountofeach

dishisfairlylarge.

⑥Ilikereadingverymuch,especiallythestorybooks,varyingfi*omChinese

storiestoEnglishstories(从中国故事到英国故事).

［小片段填空］

Withthedevelopmentofeconomy,therearevarietiesofgoodsinstores,varying

fromdailygroceriestoluxurygoods,whichgreatlyenrichespeople'slife.Inaddition,

thegoodsvarywiththeseasoninvarietyandquantity.

知识要点2［教材P27］Datingfrom405ADto1002AD,thesehidden

treasuresgiveusapictureofDunhuangwhenitwasattheverycentreoftheSilk

Roadtrade.

从公元405年到公元1002年，这些被雪藏的宝藏给我们描述了处在丝绸之

路贸易中心时的敦煌。

(l)datefrom起源于；追溯到

［例1］Allthecupboardsandappliancesdatedfromthe1950s.

所有这些橱柜和家用电器都是20世纪50年代的物品。

［例2］Thesesculpturesmustdatefromthemiddleofthe7thcentury.

这些雕刻品肯定可以追溯到7世纪中叫二

［造句］这座寺庙起源于唐朝。

ThetempledatesfromtheTangDynasty.

［知识拓展］

(1)datefrom=datebackto起源于；追溯到

(2)setadatefor确定……的日期

haveadatewithsb.与某人约会

outofdate过时的

uptodate现代的；最新的

datefrom和datebackto这两个短语，通常使用一般现在时，没有进行时态，

也没有被动形式。常用其现在分词形式作后置定语。

［即学即练］单句语法填空/完成句子

①Theoldtowndates(date)backtothelateseventeenthcentury.

②Thefactisthatyourpassporthasbeenoutofdate,soyoucan'tuseit.

③Everyoneshouldkeepongettinghimselfeducatedsoastobeuptodatewith

moderntechnology.

(4)Wearevisitinganoldgardendatingfromth>12thcentury(起源于12世纪).

(2)hiddenQ瓶秘密的；隐秘的；隐藏的

［例1］Underalltheinnocentfun,therearehiddendangers,especiallyfor

children.

在所有简单无害的娱乐项目背后都隐藏着危险，特别是对儿童而言。

［例2］Asyoudescend,suddenlyyouseeatlastthehiddenwaterfall.

一直往下走，最终你会突然看到那条隐秘的瀑布。

［造句］覆盖着冰的路面对驾驶汽车的人是个危险的隐患。

Icyroadsareahiddendangertomotorists.

［知识拓展］

(l)hidesth.fromsb.向某人隐瞒某事

hidesth.in/under/behind...把某物藏在...里面/下面/后面

(2)hidingn.躲藏；隐藏

hiding和hidden作定语时意思不同：ahidingplace”一个藏身处”；ahidden

place“一个秘密/隐秘的地方”

［即学即练］单句语法填空/完成句子

①Inartcriticism,youmustassumetheartisthasasecretmessage

hjdden(hide)withinthework.

②Mymotherboughtthebeautifulbasketandputitsafelyinsome

hiding(hide)placeIcouldn*tfind.

©Instead,theylearnbothexplicitandhidden(hide)meaningsfromwhatthey

see.

(4)1feelsurethereissomethingaboutherpastthatsheistryingtohidefrom

联(她设法对我隐瞒).

［小片段填空］

Thelittleboyhadmuchdifficultyhidingthetruthfromhisparents,sohefounda

hidingplaceinthetreestokeephimselfhiddenfromthem.

知识要点3reasonn.原因；理由v,推理；推论

［教材P27］However,thereasonwhytheLibraryCavewassealedupallthose

yearsagoremainsamystery.

然而，藏经洞多年前被封的原因仍然是个谜。

［例1］Thereasonwhyhefailedintheexamwasthathedidn'tlearnitwell.

考试失败的原因是他没有学好。

［例2］rdliketoknowthereasonwhyyou'resolate.

我想知道你为什么迟到这么长时间。

［造句］我为什么要帮你？给我一个充分的理由。

GivemeonegoodreasonwhyIshouldhelpyou.

［知识拓展］

(l)reasonwith和……理论（或讲理）

reasonable合情合理的

(2)thereasonwhy...isthat...表示”……的原因是……”，其中why引