阅读理解数据对比虚拟语气讲义-2024届高三英语二轮复习

阅读理解专题数据对比阅读考点正话反说&数据信息整理正话反说是阅读理解题目中的一个难点，通常有以下几个高频考向:

1.It

looks/sounds

like/asif类:表示看/听起来好像是，实际上并不是;2.虚拟语气句:用虚拟句来表述与事实相反的情况，让读者推断事实内容：“虚拟语气”知识点拨一，虚拟语气在if条件句的应用if条件句从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式表示现在动词过去式(be的过去式用were)should/would/could/might＋动词原形表示过去had＋过去分词should/would/could/might＋have＋过去分词表示将来should＋动词原形should/would/could/might＋动词原形二，错综条件句主句与从句动词发生时间不一致，动词形式要根据发生时间作出相应调整三，if省略句含有had/were/should的虚拟条件句中省略if，将had/were/should放在主语之前四，含蓄条件句假设条件隐含在词或短语或上下文，有：without,incase,butfor,otherwise等即时演练Whydidn'tyoutellmeaboutyourtroublelastweek?Ifyou________(tell)me，Icouldhavehelped.Ifhe________(be)herethisafternoonIwouldgowithhim.Wetookataxitothelecturehall.Otherwisewe______(be)lateforthemeeting.Ifwe______(book)atableearlier,wewouldn’tbestandinghereinaqueue.You’vemadelotsofmistakesintheexam,manyofwhichcouldhavebeenavoided_______youbeenmorecareful.(have)thegovernmentsandscientistsnotworkedtogether,AIDS-relateddeathswouldnothavefallensincetheirhighestin2005.Itisluckywebookedaroom,orwe(have)nowheretostaynow.We(be)backinhotelnowifyoudidn’tlosethemap.(be)therenomoderntelecommunication,wewouldhavetowaitforweekstogetnewsfromaroundtheworld.即时演练1：（虚拟语气的理解与应用）Inthisperiodofanxietyaboutthesizeofourwaistsandwhatweconsume,simpledietaryrulesareappealing."Eatlikeourancestors"isaparticularlycatchyslogan(口号)toliveby.Butwhoaretheseancestorswearesupposedtofollow?Aretheyourgreat-great-grandparents,cookinghealthythings?Oraretheyhairyanimalsweimagine"cavemen"tobe?Thepopularancientdietblamesmodernhealthproblemsonthebirthofagriculture,claimingthatweshouldsticktoeatingmeat,nutsandberries.Thiskindofstoneagetrendisbasedonthefalseassumptionthatpalaeolithic(旧石器时代)peoplesallatethesamefood,regardlessoftheirlocation.Nevertheless,England's9,000-year-oldCheddarManwouldnothaveeatenthesamefoodsashiscontemporariesontheKenyanplains.Theamountofmeatpeoplesate,andhowmuchwasobtainedbyhunting,arealsoupfordebate.Moreover,thestoneagetrendfocusesonwhat'sperceivedtobegoodforourbodies,withoutanyconcernfortherestofnature,includingotherhumanswhoselivelihoodsarethreatenedbywesternoverconsumption.WereItoeatlikemyPunjabifarminggreat-grandparents,mydietwouldbebasedonthewheatandmilkproductsthatpeopleinthePunjabhavereliedonforprobablyatleastthelasttwothousandyears.（如果我像务农的Punjabi人曾祖父母一样吃东西，我的饮食将基于Punjabi人可能在至少过去的两千年里一直依赖的小麦和牛奶制品）Butdeliciousand"original"asitmightbeformetofollowitslead,themoralsofindustriallyfarmedmilkproductsinthe21stcenturymakethesituationmoreconfusingandcomplicated.Now,probablymorethaneverbefore,whatweeatconnectsustothefateofotherbeings,humanandnon-human,andtothefateOfourplanet.Adogmatic（武断的）approachtothiswouldbeamistake.Bettertopreservewhat'sworthkeepingandremainclear-eyedaboutourcookingpast,muchofwhichisunknowable,immoralandimpossibletofollowinanycase.1.Whatdoesthetextconcern?A.Anancientstudy. B.Animmoralcase.C.Abalanceddiet. D.Apopularbelief.2.Whatdoestheauthorfocusoninparagraph4?A.Theeatingbehaviorofourgreat-grandparents.B.Theconnectionbetweenthefoodchoiceandnature.C.Therelationshipamongeating,huntingandfarming.D.Theimpactoffoodoverconsumptionontheenvironment.3.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Punjabidiet:popularagainB.Shouldweeatlikeourancestors?C.Isthefateoftheplanetinourhands?D.Ourcookingpast:acomplicatedhistory3.数据类信息整理：1）对比表达，一般涵盖more/less/fewer/belikely/while等词或数据列举，描述事物的正相关/负相关关系。即时演练1：Recentlyresearchersmadeastudybycheckingthephysiciancountper100,000peopleintherangeof2005to2015intheU.S,alongwithlifeexpectancyandspecificcausesofdeath.Theyfoundthatanincreaseof10primarycarephysicians（初级保健医师）per100,000peoplewasassociatedwitha515-dayincreaseinlifeexpectancy,whileanincreaseof10specialists（专科医师）per100,000peopleincreasedlifeexpectancyby19.22days.Anincreaseinprimarycarephysicianswasalsoassociatedwithreductionsofdeathsfrommanykindsofdiseaseincludingheartdiseaseandcancers.WhatdoestheauthorintendtodoinParagraph2?A.ProvidesomedataforthereadersB.OffersometipsonlifeexpectancyC.AddsomebackgroundinformationDStresstheimportanceofprimarycare.2）研究数据整理及研究结论归纳：1.decrease/reduce/loweryourchanceofdevelopingheartdiseases.2.dropthepriceofourhouse;birthratehasdroppeddramatically.3.sharepricesdeclinedsharply.4.Thetown'spopulationhasshrunkrapidly.5.Thetemperaturehasbeenfallingsteadilyallday.6.Ourcostsincreased/rosedramatically.7.Thedemandforoilhasbeenrisingsteadily.8.Since1990,USimportsofforeigngoodshavegrownatarateof7.7%peryear.9.Profitsjumpedby15%lastyear.10.Thebankhasraisedinterestratesforthethirdtimethisyear.11.Sharepricesshotup30%overthelastweek.12.Smokingmultipliesofchancesofdevelopinglungcancer.即时演练2：（数据信息整理归纳应用）Coca-Cola,whichreportedlyproducedmorethan3milliontonsofplasticpackagingin2017,announcedonThursdayitwantsto"helpsolvetheworld'splasticwasteproblemonecommunityatatime".Thesodagiantisdoingsobyproviding$5.4millionforrecyclingprogramsincitieslikeAtlanta,Boston,DenverandHouston.Inthesecities,grantrecipients(接受者)suchastheGreenBlueInstituteandtheRecyclingPartnershipwillpartnerwithlocalgovernmentsandenvironmentalgroupstoimproverecyclingrates."WefocusonareaswherewehavetheabilitytomakethebiggestinfluenceoncommunitiesthroughthefundingandexpertskillsofCoca-Colaemployees,"CarlosPagoagoa,Coca-Cola'sgroupdirectorofcommunitypartnerships,saidinastatement."Ineachcity,localpartnerswillworktogethertoidentifybarrierstorecyclingonalocallevelandtestarangeofsolutions,"headded."Wehopethelearningfromthese"modelmarkets'canoffersolutionstoothercitiesfacingsimilarchallenges."Aspartoftheeffort,theRecyclingPartnershipandthecityofAtlanta,wherethecolacompany'sheadquartersarebased,willsendstreetteamsouttoopenrecyclingcartsandleavecitizenscardsinformingthemwhattheycanandcan'trecycle,andletthemknowhowtheireffortswork."TwoofthemosturgentproblemswithrecyclingintheUStodayarealackofaccessandpollutionintherecyclingstream,"KeefeHarrison,CEOoftheRecyclingPartnership,saidinastatement."WeknowfromthesuccessofAtlantain2017thatthecitizenswanttorecyclethings,andthatcommunicatingwiththematthecartworks."Lastyear,Coca-Colaannounceditsmissiontocollectandreusetheequivalent(相等的东西)ofabottleorcanforeachoneitsell