09选择性必修四Unit1Unit2重点词汇及短语拓展（原卷板）

09选择性必修四Unit1Unit2重点词汇及短语拓展I.Unit1Unit2重点词汇及拓展1.__________n.庄重；庄严；尊严→__________v.使有尊严；使崇高；使增辉→__________adj.庄重的；庄严的；有尊严的2.__________n.预约；约会；委任→__________v.任命；委任；安排，确定(时间、地点等)→__________adj.约定的；指定的3.__________n.女售货员；女推销员→__________n.销售员；推销员4.__________adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的→__________n.内疚；犯罪；有罪→__________adv.有罪地；内疚地5.__________vt.悬；挂；暂停；暂缓→__________n.吊带裤；吊杆；悬挂物6.__________vt.让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除→__________n.解雇；开除；不予理会7.__________vt.表明；宣称；公布→__________n.公告；宣告；宣言8.__________vt.&vi.假设；假定→__________n.假设；假定9.__________vt.计算；核算；预测→__________n.计算；估计；预测10.__________adj.模糊不清的；难以区分的→__________v.(使)变得模糊不清11.__________adj.更好的；占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的→__________n.优越(性)；优势12.__________vt.分割；分配；除以→__________n.分开；分隔；差异；除(法)13.__________n.强烈的欲望；冲动vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐→__________n.紧迫；急迫；急事→__________adj.急迫的，紧急的14.__________adj.随机的；不可思议的→__________adv.随便地，任意地；随机地15.__________vi.&vt.爆炸；爆破→__________n.爆炸；爆破；爆裂(声)→__________adj.易爆炸的；可能引起爆炸的→____________________adv.爆发地；爆炸性地；迅猛地16.__________n.泥；泥浆→__________adj.泥泞的17.__________vt.成立；建立→__________n.创建者；缔造者→__________n.创建；基础；地基18.__________vi.&vt.位于→__________adj.位于→__________n.地点；位置19.__________n.政治；政治学→__________adj.政治的→__________n.政治家；政客20.__________n.药草；香草；草本→__________adj.药草的；香草的21.__________vt.&vi.(使)振动→__________n.震动22.__________n.生理；生物学→__________adj.生物学的→__________n.生物学家23.__________adj.有能力的；有才干的→__________n.能力；容量24.__________vt.分发；分配→__________n.分布；分配；分发→__________n.经销商；分销商25.__________n.发生率；重复率；(声波或电磁波振动的)频率→__________adj.频繁的；常见的→__________adv.常常；频繁地26.__________vt.批准；许可n.(＝__________)许可证；执照→__________adj.得到正式许可的27.__________n.暴力；暴行→__________adj.暴力的；猛烈的→__________adv.粗暴地；强烈地II.Unit1Unit2重点短语和句型一、重点短语1.morelike____________________ 2.testout____________________3.afterall____________________ 4.onabusinesstrip____________________5.turnaround____________________ 6.asafavour____________________7.orrather____________________ 8.conflictwith____________________9.haveanurgeto____________________ 10.superiorto____________________11.takeover____________________ 12.turnout____________________13.fallaway____________________ 14.lookaround____________________15.riseup____________________ 16.ona...basis____________________17.prosandcons____________________ 18.dosomeresearch____________________19.belocatedto____________________ 20.referto...as____________________21.ontheotherhand____________________ 22.leadto____________________23.benativeto____________________ 24.beincontactwith____________________25.playapartin____________________ 26.makeanimpressionon____________________27.majorin____________________ 28.breathein____________________29.makeup____________________ 30.feelathome____________________31.ahandfulof____________________ 32.aswellas____________________33.pickup____________________ 二、重点句型1.句型公式：名词短语作同位语教材原句：Shewasn’tlikeGladysClaffern,oneoftherichestandmostpowerfulwomenaround.翻译：____________________________________________________________。【分析点拨】oneoftherichest...在句中作同位语，对GladysClaffern做进一步的解释和说明。同位语的用法如下：(1)名词(短语)、代词作同位语；(2)不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)作同位语；(3)从句作同位语，通常跟在某些抽象名词，如fact,plan,view,idea,belief,opinion,possibility,thought等后，用来说明所修饰词的内容。e.g.①IamLiHua,astudentfromChina.我是李华，一名来自中国的学生。②Inthemeantime,thosevolunteersholdtheoppositeviewthattheyarefedupwiththeearthlifeandeagerforlivingontheMars.同时，那些持相反观点的志愿者认为，他们已经厌倦了地球上的生活，渴望到火星上居住。③Weneedtogetridoftheideathatwemustbelikedallthetimeinordertobeworthwhile.我们需要摆脱那种必须一直受人爱戴才有价值的观念。【多维运用】(1)单句语法填空①Ontheonehand,Ihavestrong__________(believe)thatIwilldowellintheexam;ontheotherhand,Ifeelabitnervous,thoughit’snotdifficult.(2)完成句子②Shanghai,____________________,ismostdeveloped.上海，中国最大的城市之一，是最发达的。③Theyoungmantriedtoachievehisaim—____________________.这个年轻人想实现自己的目标——进入重点大学。2.句型公式：make＋宾语＋宾语补足语教材原句：Asafavour,TonypromisedtohelpClairemakeherselfmorebeautifulandherhomemoreelegant.翻译：____________________________________________________________。【分析点拨】make复合结构的主要用法如下：make＋宾语＋宾语补足语eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(名词或形容词,不带to的不定式,过去分词,介词短语))e.g.①Experienceswillmakehimaman.经历会使他成为一个堂堂正正的男子汉。②Heturnedmedown,whichmademeataloss.他拒绝了我，这让我不知所措。③ThereisnodoubtthatyouaresupposedtoknowaboutthehistoryofTangDynastyinadvance,whichwillmaketheclassgosmoothly.毫无疑问，你应该提前了解唐朝的历史，这样课程就能够顺利进行。【名师点津】make后接名词作宾补时，若作宾补的名词是独一无二的职位，如president,chairman,monitor,headmaster,manager,head,captain等，则该名词前不用加任何冠词。【多维运用】(1)单句语法填空①Myparentswouldliketomakeme__________(study)24hoursaday.②Theteacherraisedhisvoicesothathecouldmakehimself__________(hear).(2)完成句子③We’realldelightedto______________________________.选李津作为我们班的班长大家都很高兴。3.句型公式：完全倒装句型教材原句：Assheturnedaround,therestoodGladysClaffern.翻译：________________________________________。【分析点拨】本句中therestoodGladysClaffern为完全倒装句型。使用完全倒装句的几种情况：(1)当here,there,now,then,in,out,off,away等表示地点或时间的副词及介词短语置于句首，谓语动词是be,e,go,remain,lie,run等，且主语为名词时，句子用完全倒装；(2)在主系表结构中，作表语的形容词、分词置于句首时，用完全倒装；(3)such作表语置于句首时，用完全倒装。e.g.①Therestoodchairs,withsuchhighbacks,andwitharmsonbothsides.那里摆着许多高背靠椅，而且椅子两边都有扶手。②—Iseveryonehere?—Notyet.Look,thereetherestofourguests!——每个人都在这儿吗？——还没有。看，我们其余的客人来了！③SuchwasAlbertEinstein,asimplemanandthe20thcentury’sgreatestscientist.这就是阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦，一个简朴的人，20世纪最伟大的科学家。【多维运用】(1)句型转换①Inthedarkcorneroftheroom,thecatjumpedupandcaughtthemouse.→Inthedarkcorneroftheroom,____________________andcaughtthemouse.(全部倒装)②Wildflowersweregrowingoverthemountain,whosenameshedidn’tknow.→______________________________,whosenameshedidn’tknow.(全部倒装)(2)完成句子③____________________,whoisfullofintegrity,wisdom,dignityandpositiveenergy.这就是我们的女主席，她充满了正直、智慧、尊严和正能量。4.句型公式：suggest＋宾语从句（(should)+v.）教材原句：HesuggestedthatsheinviteGladysandherfriendstothehousethenightbeforehewastoleaveandLarrywastoreturn.翻译：________________________________________________________________________________。【分析点拨】(1)suggest表示“建议”时，后面的宾语从句的谓语用了虚拟语气，其结构是：shoulddo或do，否定形式为：shouldnotdo或notdo。suggest当“表明；暗示”讲时，后面的宾语从句不用虚拟语气。(2)suggest可接sth.或doingsth.（不能接不定式）e.g.①ThatiswhyIsuggestyou(should)applyforPekingUniversity,oneofthebestuniversitiesinChina.这就是为什么我建议你申请北京大学，中国最好的大学之一。②IsuggestedthatLiMing(should)besenttothesouth.我建议把李明派往南方。③Hissilencesuggestedthathedidn’tagreewithus.沉默不语表明他不同意我们的意见。【多维运用】(1)单句语法填空①Hesuggested__________(go)foraswimintheriverafterlunch.②Thesmileonherfacesuggestedshe__________(be)veryhappy.(2)完成句子Isuggestedthat____________________today.我建议他今天先不要做。5.句型公式：Itwas......that......强调句型教材原句：Itwasatteno’clocktodaythatthefirstofallTimeMachinesbeganitscareer.翻译：__________________________________________________。【分析点拨】英语表达中，要强调句子的某一成分，一般可用强调句型“Itis(was)+that(who)+句子的其余部分”。It在句中无意义，只起引出被强调部分的作用。被强调的部分指人时，除可用that外，还可换用who(强调宾语指人时也可用whom)。一般而言，强调结构几乎可以强调除谓语动词及形容词作表语之外的任何句子成分。e.g.①(2021·全国乙卷)It’snotthenewmethoditselfbutthepeoplewhouseitthatreallymatters.真正重要的不是新方法本身，而是使用它的人。②It

was

he

who(that)read

three

books

in

the

library

yesterday.昨天是他在图书馆读了三本书。③Itisanewbokethathisbrotherwantstobuy.他的弟弟就想买一个新博客。【多维运用】(1)单句语法填空①Inwhichplayisit__________yourbrotherappear?②Itwasforthisreason__________herunclemovedoutofNewYorkandsettleddowninasmallvillage.③Itistheabilitytodothejob__________matters,notwhereyouefromorwhatyouare.(2)完成句子克里斯托弗·哥伦布到达新大陆是在1492年。Itwasin1492thatChristophColumbus______________________________.6.句型公式：asif引导方式状语从句或表语从句教材原句：Nightcameasifalampwasbeingturnedout,andinanothermomentcametheday.翻译：__________________________________________________。【分析点拨】asif/though所引导的从句中的语气及时态：asif/asthough陈述语气（真实的或极有可能发生的情况）根据具体情况判断时态虚拟语气（不真实的或不可能发生的情况）虚拟现在did虚拟过去haddone虚拟将来would/might/coulddoe.g.①Hetalksasifheknewallaboutit.他谈起来好像全知道似的。(与现在事实不符)②Hekeptworkingasifnothinghadhappened.他继续工作，好像什么都没有发生过。(与过去事实不符)③Itlooksasifitmightrain.看上去好像要下雨。(与将来事实不符)【多维运用】(1)单句语法填空①Everythinginmychildhoodcrowdeduponmymindasifthey__________(happen)yesterday.②It’sverywarmtoday.Itseemsasifit__________(be)springalready.(2)完成句子③Hurryup!Itlooks______________________________.快点！看起来火车要开了。7.句型公式：it作形式主语教材原句：Itishardtoexplainthestrangeandunpleasantfeelingoftimetravelling.翻译：________________________________________。【分析点拨】it用作形式主语，可以代替不定式、动名词、从句等，而把真正的主语放在句子末尾，避免头重脚轻。e.g.①(2021·浙江1月卷)Itisagreatprivilegeformetobeheretoextendawarmweletoyouonbehalfofourschool.在这里我很荣幸地代表学校向你们表示热烈的欢迎。②Isitnecessarytotellhisfathereverything?有必要把这一切都告诉他父亲吗?③ItisuncertainwhetherhecanetoJenny’sbirthdaypartyornot.他是否能来参加珍妮的生日聚会还不确定。【多维运用】(1)单句语法填空①Youcanreleasethechutewitheitherhand,butitiseasier__________(do)itwiththeleft.②Itisnecessary__________(do)furtherstudyanddevelopmentonthepinecone.(2)完成句子③克里斯是如此雄心勃勃，如此坚决地要把它做完。Chrisissoambitious,____________________.8.句型公式：can’t/couldn’twaittodosth“迫不及待做某事”教材原句：Ican’twaittoseeallofthem!翻译：______________________________！e.g.①Thebookwassointerestingthathecouldnotwaittoreadit.这本书非常有趣，以至于他迫不及待地想看。②Ican’twaittogetitwritten.我已经迫不及待想要把它写成书了。③IfoundagreatnewbarandI

can’t

wait

to

introduceyou

to

it.

我发现了一个新的非常好的酒吧，我迫不及待得像介绍你去。【多维运用】(1)单句语法填空①You

say

something

like,“I

can

hardly

wait

__________

(tell)youabout

my

trip

to

the

GrandCanyon.”

②Afterreadingagoodbook,maybeyou

can’t

wait

__________(share)itwithyourfriends.

(2)完成句子I

____________________

to

enjoythewonderfulculture.

我已经等不及要去中国旅游，感受中国的精彩文化了。9.句型公式：状语从句的省略教材原句：Toplaythedidgeridoo,youputyourmouthononeendandblowwhilevibratingyourlips.翻译：__________________________________________________。【分析点拨】状语从句的省略是指使语言的精炼将状语从句进行简化。需满足两个条件:1.主句和从句的主语一致，或从句主语为it；2.从句主要动词是be的某种形式。状语从句的"简化"现象常存在于以下五种状语从句中:①由if,unless等引导的条件状语从句;②由although,though,evenif/though等引导的让步状语从句;③由when,while,as,before,after,until/till等引导的时间状语从句;④由as,asif等引导的方式状语从句;⑤由as,than等引导的比较状语从句。e.g.①Youmustattendthemeetingunless(itis)inconvenienttoyou.除非情况对你来说不方便,否则你必须出席这次会议。②(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Thetwinscheeredupanddidastold.双胞胎高兴起来，按照他们被告知的做了。③Although(heis)doinghisbestinmathsthesedays,hehasstillgotnogoodmarks.尽管近来他一直在学数学,但他仍然没有取得好成绩。【多维运用】(1)单句语法填空①When__________(plete),themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.②Hewouldn’tsolvetheproblemevenif__________(take)charge.③After__________(finish)hishomework,hewenthomehappily.(2)完成句子④____________________,hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.虽然缺钱，他父母没法让他上大学了。⑤________________________________________,Philipsaidhefounditveryinterestingandrewarding.当被问及对自己教学工作的看法时，菲利普说，他觉得这份工作非常有趣，而且收获颇丰。10.句型公式：Itistimeforsb.todosth.意为“是(某人)应该做某事的时候了”教材原句：It’salmosttimeformetosaygoodbyetoAustralia.翻译：________________________________________。【分析点拨】(1)It’s(high/about)time＋thatsbdid/shoulddo...到了某人做……的时间了It’s(high/about)time＋(forsb)todo...到了(某人)做……的时间了(2)“这是……第一/二次……”的表达有：①It/Thiswasthefirst/secondtimethat...,that从句的时态用过去完成时；②It/Thisisthefirst/secondtimethat...,that从句的时态用现在完成时。e.g.①It’stimeforustotakeimmediatemeasurestoprotectourEarthfrombeingpolluted.该是我们立即采取措施保护地球不受污染的时候了。②ThisisthefirsttimethatIhavebeenawayfrommyhomeforsuchalongtime.这是我第一次离开家这么长时间。③Itishightimethattheissueweretobesolvedsoastopromotetheeconomicdevelopment.为了促进经济发展到该解决问题的时候了。【多维运用】(1)单句语法填空①Itishightimeforhim__________(refresh)himselfatonce.②Itisthethirdtimethatshe__________(win)therace,whichhassurprisedusall.③Itwasthesecondtimethathe__________(join)inthediscussionabouthowtodealwiththeproblem.(2)句型转换④____________________________________________________________.(将句①改写为复合句)11.句型公式：Itissaidthat...“据说……”教材原句：ItissaidthatnownearlyhalfofallAustraliancitizenswereeitherbornoverseasorhaveparentswhowerebornoverseas.翻译：______________________________________________________________________。【分析点拨】it为形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。该句型具有以下特点：Itissaidthat...＝Sb/Sthissaidtodosth，意为“据说……”。其中，不定式根据情况可用一般式、进行式或完成式。e.g.①Itissaidthatpaper­cuttingwasusedasadecorationasearlyastheHanDynastyinourcountry.据说剪纸早在我国汉代时就被用来作为装饰品。②Itissaidthathehaswrittenanewbookaboutsymphony.＝Heissaidtohavewrittenanewbookaboutsymphony.据说他写了一本有关交响乐的新书。③Itisbelievedthatthecouplehaveleftthecountry.据信那对夫妇已经离开了这个国家。【名师点津】(1)下列句型可以转换为“Sb＋be＋动词过去分词＋todo...”结构：Itisthoughtthat...人们认为……Itisbelievedthat...人们相信……Itisreportedthat...据报道……Itisconsideredthat...人们认为……Itissupposedthat...据推测……(2)Itishopedthat...不能转换成Sbishopedtodo...结构。【多维运用】(1)单句语法填空①Johnissaid__________(be)oneofthebestteachersintheschool.②Sheisbelieved__________(tell)aliebecauseherwordsdon’tagreewithheraction.③Thefireisreported__________(expand)atpresent,forthewindisquitestrong.(2)句型转换④____________________________________________________________.(将句①改写为复合句)12.句型公式：with复合结构教材原句：Ourtopictodayis“CreaturesUniquetoAustralia”,withquestionsansweredbywildlifeexpert,DrJimSmith.翻译：________________________________________________________________________________。【分析点拨】with＋宾语＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(adj./adv./介词短语表示状态,现在分词表示主动或进行,过去分词表示被动或完成,动词不定式表示未做))e.g.①Shecameintotheroom,withhernoseredbecauseofcold.她走进房间，鼻子被冻得通红。②Withmanyunexpectedproblemsemerging,hewaslikeacatonahotbrick.由于出现了许多意想不到的问题，他像一只热锅上的蚂蚁。③Theteachercameintotheclassroom,

withastudentfollowedher.老师走进教室，一个学生跟在她后面。【多维运用】(1)单句语法填空①Withalotofdifficultproblems__________(settle),thenewmanagerworksfarintothenighteveryday.②Withhismother__________(help)him,heisgettingalongwellwithhiswork.③Withthekey__________(lose),hehadtowaitforhismotheroutsidethedoor.(2)完成句子④______________________________,wesattogetherandatemooncakesandfruits,sharingourstories.美丽的月亮高高挂在天空，我们坐在一起吃着月饼和水果，一块分享我们的故事。⑤____________________,shewenthomehappily.买了所有东西后，她高兴地回家了。13.句型公式：until/till..在句中引导时间状语从句教材原句：Theysleepanddrinkmilkinthattemporary,protectedenvironmentuntiltheyareaboutsevenoreightmonthsold.翻译：______________________________________________________________________。【分析点拨】(1)肯定句＋until/till...直到……(主句中使用延续性谓语动词)(2)not...until/till...直到……才(主句中使用非延续性谓语动词)【名师点津】不能够使用till的两种情况：(1)强调句：itwasnotuntil...that...(2)倒装句：notuntil置于句首e.g.①IwentonwithmyworkuntilIfinishedwashingalltheclothes.我继续工作，直到把所有的衣服洗完。②Westayedatthespotuntiltherescueteamcame.我们一直待在现场，直到救援队来。③Not

until

they

heard

that

she

was

safe

and

sound

were

their

minds

set

at

rest.

听到她平安无事的消息，大家心里才一块石头落地。【多维运用】(1)完成句子①Ididn’tgotobed______________________________.直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。②I’msorryaboutit.CanIsuggestthatwe______________________________?对此我很抱歉。我能建议我们推迟到八月初吗？(2)句型转换③Thesportsmeetwillnotbehelduntilnextweek.→________________________________________.(强调句)→________________________________________.(倒装句)14.句型公式：it作形式主语教材原句：ButinmanyplacesinAustralia,itisagainstthelawtoeventouchthem.翻译：__________________________________________________。【分析点拨】It用作形式主语：替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。e.g.①ItwouldbeavaluableexperiencetoexchangeideaswithsomejudgesandexcellentEnglishlearners.和一些评委及优秀的英语学习者交换想法将会是一次珍贵的经历。②Itisnecessaryfortheyoungpeopletolearntwoforeignlanguages.年轻人学两门外语是非常必要的。③Itwasagreatsurprisetomewhenhedidathinglikethat.

他这样做使我很吃惊。【多维运用】(1)单句语法填空①Isitnecessary__________(tell)hisfathereverything?②Itismypleasure__________(answer)yourquestion.(2)完成句子③______________________________thehomework.他花了五个小时做作业。15.句型公式：while引导让步状语从句教材原句：Whileitmaylayeggsinanestlikeabird,it’sreallyaprimitivemammal,withauniquebiology.翻译：________________________________________________________________________________。【分析点拨】while可以引导时间状语从句，在句中的意思是“当...时候，在...期间”，此时与when的用法相似。但是，while在引导时间状语时，从句的谓语动词只能是表示延续性的动词。while还可以引导让步状语从句，意思是“虽然，尽管”。while引导的让步状语从句通常放在主句之前。还可以引导条件状语从句，相当于aslongas，译作“只要”。引导原因状语从句相当于since，有“既然”的意思。e.g.①WhileIunderstandwhatyousay,Ican’tagreewithyou.虽然我理解你的意思，但我还是不同意。②Whilehewasill,hewentthere.虽然他有病，但他还是去那里了。③When/Whilewewerehavingameeting,ourteachercamein.我们正在开会时，老师走了进来。【多维运用】(1)单句语法填空①__________hewastired,hewentonworking.②Thebus__________(leave)whenwearrivedatthebusstop.③Whiletheteacher__________(speak),thestudentswerelistening.(2)完成句子④When/While____________________,ourteachercamein.我们正在开会时，老师走了进来。III.知识点精讲：考点精析1.testout检验；测试ItwasgoingtobetestedoutbyLarry’swife,Claire.(教材P2)机器人将由拉里的妻子克莱尔进行试用。★情境探究e.g.①Theuniversitystudentswilltestouttheputerprogrammeforanybugs.大学生将对电脑程序进行检验，看有没有漏洞。②Hisworkistotestoutnewdesignsofcarsbeforetheyareputonthemarket.他的工作是在新设计的汽车投入市场之前对它们进行检验。③ButtheMoonoffersagreatlocaltotestouthumanmissionstoMars.但对于人类的火星使命来说，月球是个伟大的试验场。★要点突破【归纳拓展】eout出来；显露workout(＝figureout)计算出；锻炼身体setout动身；开始wearout穿破；耗尽；使厌烦★学以致用【写出下列句中黑体部分的含义】①Hewishedtotestouttheitembeforesellingit.__________②Thelongclimbtestedoutourpowerofendurance.__________(2)完成句子③Hehasachievedwhat__________todothreeyearsago.他已经实现了自己3年前的奋斗目标。④Whatdoyoudowithyourshoesafter__________?当你把鞋子穿破后，你是怎么做的？ridiculousadj.愚蠢的；荒谬的；荒唐的Clairethoughtitwasridiculousthatshewasbeingofferedsympathybyarobot,...(教材P2)克莱尔觉得一个机器人对她表示同情十分荒谬，……★情境探究e.g.①Shethoughtthatitwasridiculousthatthesculpturewasbroughttolifeandfellinlovewiththehero.她认为这件雕塑复活并爱上了主人公是很可笑的。②Itisridiculoustobeeangryaboutsuchaninsignificantmatter.为这样一件无关紧要的事情生气，真是可笑。③Theythinkitisridiculousthatapersonshouldgetpaidwithoutworking.他们认为这是荒谬的，一个人应该获得报酬不工作。★要点突破【归纳拓展】aridiculousidea荒唐的主意lookridiculous看上去可笑soundridiculous听起来荒谬Itisridiculousthat...……是荒谬的★学以致用【补全句子】①____________________(是荒谬的)theyareshortofwaterinacountrywhereitisalwaysraining.②She____________________(看上去很可笑)inthishatwhileshewasfondofthestyle.【翻译句子】③Itsoundedlikearidiculousidea.However,itwastheideathatledtothisinvention.____________________________________________________________。3.dignityn.庄重；庄严；尊严Healwaystreatedherwithdignity.(教材P2)他一直对她彬彬有礼。★情境探究e.g.①Wedothisbecausewebelieveinthedignityandvalueofeveryperson.我们这样做是因为我们相信每个人的尊严和价值。②Heconductedhimselfwithgraceanddignitythroughoutthetrial.在整个审讯过程中他表现得文雅而有尊严。③Heisapracticalhumanist,whobelievesinthedignityofmankind.他是个真正的人道主义者，信奉人类的尊严。★要点突破【归纳拓展】withdignity有尊严地；体面地preserveone’sdignity保持某人的尊严★学以致用【单句语法填空】①Sheacceptedthecriticism__________dignity.【完成句子】②It’sdifficult____________________whenyouhavenojobandnohome.一个无家无业的人难以保持自己的尊严。4.appointmentn.预约；约会；委任Shehadanappointmenttopainthernails,thenshewentintoanexpensiveclothesshop.(教材P2)她按预约去美甲后，走进了一家高档时装店。★情境探究e.g.①Ifyoufailtokeepthedentist’sappointment,you’llhavetopayforit.如果你和牙医约好时间但到时不去，你得付钱。②Insomecasespeoplehavehadtowaitseveralweeksforanappointment.在某些情况下，人们必须等上好几周才能得到约见。③Herappointmentwasseenasaconsolationprizeaftershelosttheelection.她的任命被认为是对她落选的安慰。★要点突破【归纳拓展】(1)make/haveanappointmentwithsb和某人有约keep/breakanappointment守约/失约(2)appointv.任命；委派；安排；约定★学以致用(1)单句语法填空①Shehasanappointment__________thesciencefictionwritertomeetatthecafé.②I____________________(appoint)totakechargeofarrangingalltheactivitiesonthatday.(2)完成句子③Apunctualpersonisinthehabitofdoingathingatthepropertimeand____________________.一个守时的人有在适当的时候做一件事的习惯，且从不违约。5.guiltyadj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的Althoughitwaspletelyinnocent,Clairefeltguilty.(教材P2)虽然完全无辜，克莱尔还是感到内疚。★情境探究e.g.①Johnhadaguiltylookonhisface,leavingallthetaskstome.约翰脸上带着愧疚的表情，把所有的任务都交给了我。②We’veallbeenguiltyofselfishnessatsometimeinourlives.我们每个人一生中都有过自私自利的过失。③Mr.Lifeelsguiltyatnotbeinginapositiontomeethistraditionalobligations.李先生对自己没有尽到传统的义务而感到内疚。★要点突破【归纳拓展】(1)beguiltyof犯有……罪be/feelguiltyat/about对/为……感到内疚/有愧(2)guiltn.内疚；悔恨；犯罪；罪行★学以致用【单句语法填空】①Itwasridiculousthatthecorruptofficialwasdeclarednotguilty__________corruption.②Shehadfeelingsof__________(guilty)aboutleavingherchildrenandgoingtowork.【完成句子】③I____________________abandoningsuchagoldenchance.放弃了这么好的机会，我感到内疚。6.dismissvt.让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除Theguestswouldbearrivingsoon,soClairedismissedTonyfortherestofthenight.(教材P3)客人们很快就要来了，于是克莱尔让托尼结束了当晚的工作，说当夜不再需要他了。★情境探究e.g.①Ithinkwecansafelydismisstheirobjections.我认为我们对他们的异议完全可以不予理会。②Theyconstantlydismissothers’proposalswhiletakingnoresponsibilityfortacklingtheproblem.他们总是忽视其他人的建议，却没有承担任何解决问题的责任。③Underthestatutesoftheuniversitytheyhadnopowertodismisshim.按大学的规章制度，校方无权开除他。★要点突破【归纳拓展】dismisssbforsth因……而解雇/开除某人dismisssbfromsth解雇/开除某人★学以致用【单句语法填空】①Theservant__________(dismiss)forbeinglazyanddishonest.②Sheclaimedshewasunfairlydismissed__________herpost.【完成句子】③Friendsandfamilyhadsuggestedwegetanotherdog,butAlanandI____________________.朋友和家人建议我们再养一条狗，但我和艾伦拒绝了这个想法。7.declarevt.表明；宣称；公布Sheheardhimdeclarethathedidnotwanttoleaveherthenextday,andthathefeltmorethanjustthedesiretopleaseher.(教材P3)克莱尔听着托尼宣布说他次日并不想离开她，而且他心里的愿望不只是让她开心而已。★情境探究e.g.①WhentheteacherdeclaredmetobethewinneroftheEnglishSpeechContest,Iwassurprisedandpleased.当老师宣布我是这次英语演讲比赛的得胜者时，我又惊又喜。②Thegovernmentisreadytodeclareapermanentceasefire.政府已经准备好宣布永久停火。③Youcanuse“makesure”todeclarethatyouwantsomethingorsomethingneedstobedone.你可以用“makesure”来声明想要某东西或某事必须做到。★要点突破【归纳拓展】declaresb/sthtobe宣布某人或某事是……declarefor/against赞成/反对……declarewar(on...)(向……)宣战declaresthopen/closed宣布某事开始/结束declarethat...宣布……★学以致用【单句语法填空】①Theydeclared__________buildinganewbridgebecauseitwouldcostalotofmoney.②Thepetition__________(declare)openyesterday.【完成句子】③Therebeingnofurtherbusiness,thechairman____________________.由于没有其他事情，主席宣布散会。8.ona...basis根据；以……的方式(基准)moneypaidforworkorservices,typicallyonadailyorweeklybasis(教材P4)为工作或服务支付的钱，通常是每天或每周★情境探究e.g.①Remember,evenworldchampionathletespractisetheirskillsonaconsistentbasis.记住，即使是世界冠军，运动员们也要始终如一地练习他们的技能。②Billionsofpeopleusesocialmediaonadailybasistocreate,share,andexchangeideas,messages,andinformation.数十亿人每天都在使用社交媒体来创造、分享和交流想法、消息以及信息。③Agoodparentchildrenrelationshipshouldbesetuponthebasisofmutualunderstandingandrespect.良好的亲子关系应该建立在相互理解和尊重的基础上。★要点突破【归纳拓展】(1)basevt.以……为根据/基础；基于n.基部；基地；基础base...on...以……为……的基础bebasedon/upon以……为基础/依据(2)basicadj.基本的；基础的★学以致用【单句语法填空】①Hedrewasafeconclusion__________areasoningbasis.②Withourknowledge__________(base)onpractice,wecanmakegreatcontributionstooursociety.【完成句子】③First,he______________________________ofmakingdoughfigurines.首先，他向我们展示了捏面人的基本步骤和技巧。9.calculatevt.计算；核算；预测TheybelieveifAIcanhandletaskslikecalculatinganddrivingforus,...(教材P4)他们认为，如果人工智能能够为我们处理像计算和驾驶之类的任务……★情境探究e.g.①Wecalculateonhavingfineweatherforthesportsmeeting.我们指望有好天气来开运动会。②You’llneedtocalculatehowmuchtimetheassignmentwilltake.你需要算一算要花多少时间才能完成分配的任务。③Onerecentstudyattemptedtocalculatetheextentofthis"ecologicalovershootofthehumaneconomy".最近的一项研究试图对这种“人类经济对生态透支”的程度进行计算。★要点突破【归纳拓展】(1)calculateon指望；期待becalculatedtodosth旨在做某事(2)calculatorn.计算器calculationn.计算；估算★学以致用【单句语法填空】①Youshouldbeabletocalculate__________yourfamilytosupportyou.②Laboratoryworkneedsnotonlyaccuratemeasurementsbutalsocorrect__________(calculate).【完成句子】③______________________________whoareinterestedinfineart.这次讲座是为了激发那些对美术感兴趣的人。10.superioradj.更好的；占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的Insci­fistories,robotoftenbeesuperiorandtakeover.(教材P6)在科幻小说中，机器人往往会变得更优秀并占据主导地位。★情境探究e.g.①Helenwaschosenforthejobbecauseshewassuperiortoanyothercandidate.海伦被选中做这项工作是因为她比任何其他候选人都优秀。②Peoplemakecuttingremarkstohelpthemselvesfeelsuperiororpowerful.人们说尖刻的话来帮自己感觉优越或强势。③Likeotheroutsiders,Iwascontinuallyimpressedbytheirsuperiorunderstandingoftheecologyweshared.像其他局外人一样，他们对我们共有的生态环境的卓越理解不断给我留下深刻印象。★要点突破【归纳拓展】“adj.＋to”构成的短语：(1)seniorto...比……年长的(2)juniorto...比……年轻的(3)priorto...在……前面(4)inferiorto...比……差的(5)superiorto...比……好的【名师点津】superior没有比较级，也不与than连用。AissuperiortoB.(√)AismoresuperiortoB.(×)AissuperiorthanB.(×)★学以致用【写出下列句中黑体词的含义】①PleaseletmeintroduceTimtoyou,whoismysuperiorofficer.__________②Thisputerissuperiorinmanyaspectstothatone.__________③Youcanstandthereandfeelsuperiorasyoupointandlaughatthem.__________【句型转换】④Recycledbagsarebetterthanplasticbagsinenvironmentprotecting.→Recycledbagsare__________plasticbagsinenvironmentprotecting.11.takeover占上风；取而代之；接管；接手Insci­fistories,robotoftenbeesuperiorandtakeover.(教材P6)在科幻小说中，机器人往往会变得更优秀并占据主导地位。★情境探究e.g.①Thoughtechnologyisusedtohelpus,weshouldnotallowittotakeoverourlives.虽然科技是用来帮助我们的，但我们不应该让它来控制我们的生活。②Inrecentyears,therehavebeenmanyfilmsaboutrobotstryingtotakeovertheworld.近年来，有很多讲述机器人试图接管世界的电影。③Therearenowmorethan20bigpanieswaitinginthewingstotakeoversomeofitsbusiness.现在有二十多家大公司正等着随时接手它的一些业务。★要点突破【归纳拓展】takeoff(飞机)起飞；开始成功；脱去(衣服等)；摘掉takeaway拿走；夺走takeback收回；带回；使回忆起takedown写下；记下；拆卸takein吸收；理解；欺骗；收留takeon具有；呈现；担任；承担；雇用takeup举(拿、捡、拔)起；占据；从事★学以致用【单句语法填空】⑤Afterhisthirdfilm,hiscareeroffilmperformancetook__________.⑥Itisnotdifficulttotake__________anewcareerinmidlife.⑦Thefirmwastaken__________byamultinationalconsultingfirm.【完成句子】⑧IknowIwaspletelyafooltotrusthim,butheisarealcharmer____________________.我知道我是个十足的傻瓜才相信他，但他是一个真正的魅力四射的人，他完全欺骗了我。12.conflictwith与……冲突或抵触AROBOTMUSTOBEYTHEORDERSGIVENITBYHUMANBEINGSEXCEPTWHERESUCHORDERSWOULDCONFLICTWITHTHEFIRSTLAW.(教材P7)机器人必须服从人类的命令，除非这些命令与第一定律相冲突。★情境