2013年专业英语八级真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

2013年专业英语八级真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.LISTENINGCOMPREHENSION2.READINGCOMPREHENSION3.GENERALKNOWLEDGE4.PROOFREADING&ERRORCORRECTION5.TRANSLATION6.WRITINGPARTILISTENINGCOMPREHENSION(35MIN)SECTIONAMINI-LECTUREDirections:Inthissectionyousillhearamini-lecture.YouwillhearthelectureONCEONLY.Whilelistening,takenotesontheimportantpoints.Yournoteswillnotbemarked,butyouwillneedthemtocompleteagap-fillingtaskafterthemini-lecture.Whenthelectureisover,youwillbegiventwominutestocheckyournotes,andanothertenminutestocompletethegap-fillingtaskonANSWERSHEETONE.Usetheblanksheetfornote-taking.听力原文：WhatDoActiveLearnersDo?Goodmorning.Today,I’lldiscusswhatisactivelearninganduh…whatdoactivelearnersdo.Inordertodefineactivelearning,I’lllookatthedifferencesbetweenactivelearningandpassivelearningbyexaminingsixcharacteristicsofactivelearnersandcontrastingthemwiththoseofpassivelearners.OK.Let’sstart.Withthefirstcharacteristic,activelearnerstendtoreadwiththepurposeofunderstandingandremembering.Ibetthatnoonedeliberatelysitsdowntoreadwiththepurposeofnotunderstandingthetext.However,I’msurethatsomeofyouhavebeeninasituation,probablymorethanonce,whereyouread,quoteandunquote,anassignment,closedthetext,andthought,whattheworldwasthatabout.Whenyouinteractwithatextinthismanner,youarereadingpassively.(1)Activereaders,ontheotherhand,setgoalsbeforetheyreadandchecktheirunderstandingastheyread.Whentheyfinish,theycanexplainthemainpointsandknowthattheyhaveunderstoodwhattheyhaveread,Now,thesecondcharacteristicofactivelearnersistoreflectoninformationandthinkcritically.Beingreflectiveisanimportantpartofactivelearningbecausethatmeansthatyouarethinkingabouttheinformation.Inotherwords,youareprocessingtheinformation.Forinstance,youmaymakeconnectionsbetweenthenewinformationandwhatyoualreadyknow,(3)identifyconceptsthatyoumaynotunderstandverywell,(4)orevaluatetheimportanceofwhatyouarereading.Anactivelearnerreflectsconstantlyinthisway.Incontrast,passivelearnersmayreadthetextandlistentolecturesandevenunderstandmostofwhatisreadandheard,buttheydidnottakethatcrucialnextstepofactuallythinkingaboutit.Let’smoveontothethirdone.(5)Thethirdcharacteristicistolistenactivelybytakingcomprehensivenotesinanorganizedway,likewhatyoushouldbedoingnow.Welecturersarealwaysamazedatthenumberofstudentswhoengageinactivitiesotherthanlisteningandnote-takingintheirlectureclasses.We’veseenstudentsreadingnewspapers,doinganassignmentforanotherclass,orchattingwiththeclassmates.Perhapstheall-timewinnerforpassivelearning,however,wasastudentwhoregularlycametomyclasswithapillowandfellasleep.Unlikethesestudents,activelearnersareengagedlearners.Theylistenactivelytotheprofessorfortheentireclassperiod,andtheywritedownasmuchinformationaspossible.Tobeanactivenote-taker,youmustbemorethansimplypresent.Youhavetothinkabouttheinformationbeforeyouwrite.Thefourthcharacteristicistogetassistancewhentheyareexperiencingproblems.(6)Becauseactivelearnersareconstantlymonitoringtheirunderstanding,theyknowwhentheircomprehensionbreaksdownandtheyaskforhelpbeforetheybecomelost.Inaddition,activelearnersoftenpredictthecoursesorevenparticularconceptswithincoursesthatmaygivethemtrouble.Theyhaveaplaninmindforgettingassistanceshouldtheyneedit.Activelearnersmayseekassistancefromtheirprofessorsorpeers.Althoughpassivelearnersmayseekhelpatsomepoint,itisoftentoolittle,toolate.Inaddition,becausepassivelearnersdonotreflectandthinkcritically,theyoftendon’tevenrealizethattheyneedhelp.Thenextcharacteristicistoquestioninformation.Thismeansthatactivelearnersraisequestionsoninformationthattheyreadandhear,whilepassivelearnersacceptboththeprintedpageandthewordsoftheirprofessorsastruth.Ofcourse,activelearnersdon’tquestioneverything,buttheydoevaluatewhattheyreadandhear.(7)Whennewinformationfailstofitinwithwhattheyalreadyknow,theymaydifferintheconclusionstheydraworintheinferencestheymake.Thelastcharacteristic,whichIthinkisthemostfundamentalone,istoacceptmuchoftheresponsibilityforlearning.(8)Activelearnersunderstandthattheresponsibilityforlearningmustcomefromwithinwhilepassivelearnersoftenwanttoblameothersfortheirlackofmotivation,poorperformance,timemanagementproblemsandotherdifficultiesthattheymightexperience.(9)Whenactivelearnersdon’tperformaswellasthey’dhoped,theyevaluatewhytheydidn’tdowellandchangethosestudyingbehaviorsthenexttime.Passivelearners,ontheotherhand,oftenapproacheverycourseinthesamemannerandthengetangrywithprofessorswhentheirperformanceispoor.Itisonlywhenstudentsaccepttheresponsibilityfortheirownlearningthattheycantrulybecalledactivelearners.So,fromwhatI’vesaidsofar,youcanseethatbeinganactivelearnerinvolvesbothskillandwill.Byskill,Imeanthetoolstohandlethestudyingandlearningdemandsplacedonyou,likehowtoreadwithpurpose,whenandwheretogetassistanceifyouarehavingdifficulty.Bywill,Imeanthedesireandmotivationtofollowthrough.HereI’dliketoemphasizethatskillisnothingwithoutwill.Forexample,youmayhaveafriendwhoisknowledgeablebutnotmotivatedintheclassroom.Eventhoughhereadswidelyandcanintelligentlydiscussavarietyofissues,hedoeslittleschoolworkandrarelystudies.Inotherwords,studentssuchasthesemayhavetheskillstodowell,butforsomereason,theysimplydonothavethewill.(10)Andbecauseskillandwillgohandinhand,unmotivatedstudents,thosewhodonothavethewill,mayexperiencedifficultyincollege.OK.Today,wediscussedthedifferencesbetweenanactivelearnerandapassiveone,andsomeusefulstudystrategiesthatmayeventuallyhelpyoubecomeanactivelearner.WhatDoActiveLearnersDo?Therearedifferencesbetweenactivelearningandpassivelearning.Characteristicsofactivelearners:I.readingwithpurposeA.beforereading:settinggoalsB.whilereading:(1)______(1)______II.(2)______andcriticalinthinking(2)______i.e.informationprocessing,e.g.—connectionsbetweentheknownandthenewinformation—identificationof(3)______concepts(3)______—judgmentonthevalueof(4)______(4)______III.activeinlisteningA.waysofnote-taking:(5)______(5)______B.beforenote-taking:listeningandthinkingIV.beingabletogetassistanceA.reason1:knowingcomprehensionproblemsbecauseof(6)______(6)______B.reason2:beingabletopredictstudydifficultiesV.beingabletoquestioninformationA.questionwhattheyreadorhearB.evaluateand(7)______(7)______VI.lastcharacteristicA.attitudetowardresponsibility—activelearners:accept—passivelearners:(8)______(8)______B.attitudetoward(9)______(9)______—activelearners:evaluateandchangebehaviour—passivelearners:nochangeinapproachRelationshipbetweenskillandwill;willismoreimportantin(10)______.(10)______Lackofwillleadstodifficultyincollegelearning.1．(1)正确答案：checkingtheirunderstanding2．(2)正确答案：reflectiveoninformation3．(3)正确答案：unfamiliar4．(4)正确答案：thereadingmaterial5．(5)正确答案：comprehensiveandorganized6．(6)正确答案：constantmonitoring7．(7)正确答案：judge8．(8)正确答案：blameothers9．(9)正确答案：poorperformance10．(10)正确答案：activelearningSECTIONBINTERVIEWDirections:InthissectionyouwillheareverythingONCEONLY.Listencarefullyandthenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.Questions1to5arebasedonaninterview.Attheendoftheinterviewyouwillbegiven10secondstoanswereachofthefollowingfivequestions.Nowlistentotheinterview.听力原文：Ml:Goodmorning,Mr.West.Nicetohaveyouonourprogram.M2:Goodmorning.Ml:OK.Weallwork,orveryfewpeoplecangetawaywithnotworking.Workisthefactoflifewhenweareadults.Butbefore,therewasn’talotofchoiceintheselectionofwork.Nowthingsaredifferent.(l)Withgreatermobility,themobilitythatisofferedwhenpeoplehavegreateropportunitiesforhighereducationortraining,moreandmorepeopleareabletochoosethefieldsthatinterestthem.Theycananddohaveopinionsaboutwhatmakesonejobforthembetterthananotherjob.So,Mr.West,whatdopeopleactuallywantfromtheirjobs?Whatareworkers’opinions,youknow,aboutwhatmakesonejobbetterthananother?M2:Well,toansweryourquestions,I’dliketolookattwopolls,twosurveys.Theywerebothdoneinthe1990s.Thepurposesweretofindoutwhatissuesorjobcharacteristicswereespeciallyimportanttoworkers.Ml:Hmm,whatwerethey?M2:Someofyoumightguessthattheanswerisobvious.Ml:Ithinkso.M2:Youmightsay,“Oh,peoplejustwanthighersalaries,moremoney.“Butlet’sseeifthat’strue.Ml:OK.M2:Now,thefirstpoll,thefirstpollwastakenin1990.Andthispollaskedrespondentstochoosewhatwasthemostimportanttothemamongfiveitems.Andtheywereonlyallowedtochooseoneoutofthefiveitems.Ml:So,whatwerethefiveitems?M2:Alright.Thefirstitemwasimportantandmeaningfulwork.Thesecondwashighincome.Thethirdwaschancesforadvancement,promotionandsoon.Thefourthitemwasjobsecurityandthefifthwasshortofworkhours.OK?Ml:Itwouldbeinterestingtoknowthesurveyresults.M2:Yes.Now,letmetellyoutheresults.(2)50%consideredimportantandmeaningfulworkthemostimportantcharacteristicofajob.Theydidn’tchoosehighincome.Interesting!Anyway,24%didsayhighincomewasthemostimportantcharacteristicofajob.Oftheremaining,16%saidchancesforadvancementwasmostimportant.Maybethesewereyoungerworkersstartingoutonacareer.6%saidjobsecurityandfinally4%saidshortofworkhourswasmostimportant.Ml:Ithinkwhat’sstrikingabouttheresultsisthatbyfarworkersvaluedimportantandmeaningfulworkasmoreimportantthananyoftheothercharacteristicsthatincludedsalary.M2:Yeah.Now,I’mgoingtotellyouaboutanotherpoll.Andthispollwastakenayearlaterin1991,andtheyaskedtherespondentstoreflectonhowimportantcertainjobcharacteristicswereintheirwork.(3)Andthisisadifferenttypeofpollbecausewhereasinthefirstpoll,respondentshadtochooseonlyoneoutoffive.Inthispoll,theywanttheirrespondentstoreacttoeachitemseparately.Youknow,thisistorankeachitemasnotimportant,somewhatimportant,important,orveryimportant.Sotheyhadfourchoicesforeachitem.Ml:Sorrytointerruptyou.Howmanyitemsaltogether?M2:Oh,thepollhad16items.Letmegiveyouafewexamples.Ml:OK.M2:Theseconditemtheyaskedaboutisinterestingwork.Theyaskedhowimportantisinterestingworktoyou.Andagain,I’mjustgoingtotellyouabouthowmanypeoplesaiditwasveryimportant.Inthiscase,78%oftherespondentsrankedthisasveryimportanttothem.Ml:78%?M2:Yes.78%.Thisisthekeypoint,Ithink.Oneoftenseespeopleworkingforalotlessiftheyenjoytheirwork.Ml:That’strue.M2:Thefourthitemtheyaskedaboutwasopportunitytolearnnewskills.Howimportantisthattoyou?68%rankedthisasveryimportant.AndIthinkthatgoesagaintotheideaofinterestlevel,personalsatisfaction,andtheideathatpeoplewanttheirworktobemeaningful.Ml:Definitely!M2:Anotheritem,itemNo.7—recognitionfromco-workers.62%oftherespondentssaidthatthiswasveryimportant.Itwasimportantforthemtoberecognized,toberespected,andacknowledgedfortheworkthey’vedone.AndIseerecognitionasapsychologicalbenefit.Thereisnomonetaryrewardnecessarilyattachedtoit,althoughsometimestherecouldbe.Butmorepeoplearelookingforthepsychologicalrewardintermsofappreciation.Ml:(4)Itseemstomethatpeoplevaluepsychologicalrewardalotmorethanmoney.M2:That’sright.Atleastthepollresultsseemtosayso.Nowlet’stakealookatanotheritem,No.14.Ml:OK.M2:(5)No.14waschancesforpromotion.53%saidthatthiswasveryimportanttothem.Itwasimportanttothemtohaveopportunitiesforadvancement,chancesforpromotion.AndIthinkthisgoesalongwithhighincomeandrecognition.There’sbothapsychologicalrewardtopromotion,aswellasamonetaryreward.Ml:Hmm.M2:15iscontactwithalotofpeople.Somepeopleareverypeople-orientatedand52%saidthatthiswasveryimportanttothem.Ml:Sowecanseeworkersdohavealotofthingsthatareveryimportanttothem.M2:Yes,butyoucanalsoseethevariationinnumbers.Butanoteofcautionhere.Theseareaverages.Andpollstalkaboutaverages.Butstill,Ithinkit’simportantforemployerstobecomemoreawareofpollslikethese.Becauseitmightallowthemtokeeptheirworkerssatisfiedinwaysthatmaybetheyhaven’tthoughtofbefore.Ml:Yeah.OK.Thankyouverymuch,Mr.West,fortalkingtousontheprogram.M2:Pleasure.11．Accordingtotheinterviewer,whichofthefollowingbestindicatestherelationshipbetweenchoiceandmobility?A．Bettereducation→greatermobility→morechoices.B．Bettereducation→morechoices→greatermobility.C．Greatermobility→bettereducation→morechoices.D．Greatermobility→morechoices→bettereducation.正确答案：A12．Accordingtotheinterview,whichofthefollowingdetailsaboutthefirstpollisINCORRECT?A．Shorterworkhourswasleastchosenforbeingmostimportant.B．Chancesforadvancementmighthavebeenfavouredbyyoungpeople.C．Highincomefailedtocomeontopforbeingmostimportant.D．Jobsecuritycamesecondaccordingtothepollresults.正确答案：D13．Accordingtotheinterviewee,whichisthemaindifferencebetweenthefirstandthesecondpoll?A．Thetypeofrespondentswhowereinvited.B．Thewayinwhichthequestionsweredesigned.C．Thecontentareaofthequestions.D．Thenumberofpollquestions.正确答案：B14．Whatcanwelearnfromtherespondents’answerstoitems2,4and7inthesecondpoll?A．Recognitionfromcolleaguesshouldbegivenlessimportance.B．Workersarealwayswillingandreadytolearnmorenewskills.C．Psychologicalrewardismoreimportantthanmaterialone.D．Workwillhavetobemadeinterestingtoraiseefficiency.正确答案：C15．Accordingtotheinterviewee,whichofthefollowingcanofferbothpsychologicalandmonetarybenefits?A．Contactwithmanypeople.B．Chancesforadvancement.C．Appreciationfromcoworkers.D．Chancestolearnnewskills.正确答案：BSECTIONCNEWSBROADCASTDirections:InthissectionyouwillheareverythingONCEONLY.Listencarefullyandthenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.Attheendofeachnewsitem,youwillbegiven10secondstoanswerthequestions.听力原文：AMoscowcompanyisnowmarketing“Sleepboxes”—freestanding,mobileboxeswithbedsinside—fortravelersstrandedovernight,orthoseinneedofaquicksnooze.(7)TheSleepboxesaremeanttobeinstalledinairportsandrentedfor30minutestoseveralhoursatatime.ASleepboxiscurrentlyinstalledattheSheremetyevoInternationalAirportinMoscow.“Wetravelalotandmanytimeswefaceaproblemofrestandprivacyinairports,“saysco-designerMikhailKrymovofdesignfirmArchGroup,whotogetherwithAlexeiGoryainovcameupwiththeideaofSleepbox.“Andaswearearchitects,weliketothinkofsolutions.“(7)Measuring1.4meterswide,2metersinlengthand2.3metersinheight,Sleepbox’sstarfeatureisatwo-meter-longbedmadeofpolymerfoamandpulptissuethatchangesbedlinenautomatically.Italsocomeswithluggagespace,aventilationsystem,WiFi,electricsocketsandanLCDTV.16．Accordingtothenewsitem,“sleepboxes”aredesignedtosolvetheproblemsofA．airports.B．passengers.C．architects.D．companies.正确答案：B17．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtruewithreferencetothenews?A．Sleepboxescanberentedfordifferentlengthsoftime.B．Rentersofnormalheightcanstandupinside.C．Beddingcanbeautomaticallychanged.D．Renterscantakeashowerinsidethebox.正确答案：D听力原文：PoliceinLondonareliningupahugepoliceoperationfortheNottingHillCarnivalinthewakeoftheriotingandlootingthathitthecityearlierthismonth.MorethanamillionpeopleareexpectedtoheadtowestLondonoverthecourseofthecolorfultwo-dayevent,whichfeaturesmusic,parades,dancingandstallsservingupCaribbeanfavoriteslikejerkchickenandriceandpeas.(8)Some5,500officerswillbeondutyatthecarnivalonSundayand6,500onMonday—apublicholidayinBritain—with4,000additionalofficersdeployedelsewhereacrossthecityontopofusualpolicenumbers,London’sMetropolitanPolicesaid.CommanderSteveRodhousesaidcreatingasafeenvironmentatthecarnivalis“atoppriority”forthepoliceforce.18．Whatisthenewsitemmainlyabout?A．London’spreparationsfortheNottingHillCarnival.B．MainfeaturesoftheNottingHillCarnival.C．Police’spreventivemeasuresforthecarnival.D．Policeparticipationinthecarnival.正确答案：C听力原文：Growingupstarvedofcaloriesmaygiveyouahigherriskofheartdisease50yearson,researchsuggests.ResearchersinTheNetherlandstrackedthehearthealthofDutchwomenwholivedthroughthefamineattheendofWorldWarII.Thoselivingonrationsof400to800caloriesadayhada27%higherriskofheartdiseaseinlaterlife.It’sthefirstdirectevidencethatearlynutritionshapesfuturehealth,theyreportintheEuropeanHeartJournal.TheDutchfamineof1944-45gaveresearchersinHollandauniqueopportunitytostudythelong-termeffectsofseveremalnutritioninchildhoodandadolescence.Acombinationoffactors—includingfailedcrops,aharshwinterandthewar-causedthousandsofdeathsamongpeoplelivinginthewestofTheNetherlands.(10)Thewomen,whowereagedbetween10and17atthetime,werefollowedupin2007.Theteamfoundthosewhowereseverelyaffectedbythefaminehada27%greaterriskofdevelopingheartdiseasethanthosewhohadenoughtoeat.19．ThenewsitemreportsonaresearchfindingaboutA．theDutchfamineandtheDutchwomen.B．earlymalnutritionandhearthealth.C．thecausesofdeathduringthefamine.D．nutritioninchildhoodandadolescence.正确答案：B20．Whendidtheresearchteamcarryoutthestudy?A．AttheendofWorldWarII.B．Between1944and1945.C．Inthe1950s.D．In2007.正确答案：DPARTIIREADINGCOMPREHENSION(30MIN)Directions:Inthissectiontherearefourreadingpassagesfollowedbyatotalof20multiple-choicequestions.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.Threehundredyearsagonewstravelledbywordofmouthorletter,andcirculatedintavernsandcoffeehousesintheformofpamphletsandnewsletters.“Thecoffeehousesparticularlyareveryroomyforafreeconversation,andforreadingataneasierrateallmannerofprintednews,”notedoneobserver.Everythingchangedin1833whenthefirstmass-audiencenewspaper,TheNewYorkSun,pioneeredtheuseofadvertisingtoreducethecostofnews,thusgivingadvertisersaccesstoawideraudience.Thepennypress,followedbyradioandtelevision,turnednewsfromatwo-wayconversationintoaone-waybroadcast,witharelativelysmallnumberoffirmscontrollingthemedia.Now,thenewsindustryisreturningtosomethingclosertothecoffeehouse.Theinternetismakingnewsmoreparticipatory,socialanddiverse,revivingthediscursivecharacteristicsoftheerabeforethemassmedia.Thatwillhaveprofoundeffectsonsocietyandpolitics.Inmuchoftheworld,themassmediaareflourishing.Newspapercirculationrosegloballyby6%between2005and2009.Butthoseglobalfiguresmaskasharpdeclineinreadershipinrichcountries.Overthepastdecade,throughouttheWesternworld,peoplehavebeengivingupnewspapersandTVnewsandkeepingupwitheventsinprofoundlydifferentways.Moststrikingly,ordinarypeopleareincreasinglyinvolvedincompiling,sharing,filtering,discussinganddistributingnews.Twitterletspeopleanywherereportwhattheyareseeing.Classifieddocumentsarepublishedintheirthousandsonline.Mobile-phonefootageofArabuprisingsandAmericantornadoesispostedonsocial-networkingsitesandshownontelevisionnewscasts.Social-networkingsiteshelppeoplefind,discussandsharenewswiththeirfriends.Anditisnotjustreaderswhoarechallengingthemediaelite.TechnologyfirmsincludingGoogle,FacebookandTwitterhavebecomeimportantconduitsofnews.Celebritiesandworldleaderspublishupdatesdirectlyviasocialnetworks;manycountriesnowmakerawdataavailablethrough“opengovernment”initiatives.Theinternetletspeoplereadnewspapersorwatchtelevisionchannelsfromaroundtheworld.Thewebhasallowednewprovidersofnews,fromindividualbloggerstosites,torisetoprominenceinaveryshortspaceoftime.Andithasmadepossibleentirelynewapproachestojournalism,suchasthatpracticedbyWikiLeaks,whichprovidesananonymouswayforwhistleblowerstopublishdocuments.Thenewsagendaisnolongercontrolledbyafewpressbaronsandstateoutlets.Inprinciple,everyliberalshouldcelebratethis.Amoreparticipatoryandsocialnewsenvironment,witharemarkablediversityandrangeofnewssources,isagoodthing.Thetransformationofthenewsbusinessisunstoppable,andattemptstoreverseitaredoomedtofailure.Asproducersofnewjournalism,individualscanbescrupulouswithfactsandtransparentwiththeirsources.Asconsumers,theycanbegeneralintheirtastesanddemandingintheirstandards.Andalthoughthistransformationdoesraiseconcerns,thereismuchtocelebrateinthenoisy,diverse,vociferous,argumentativeandstridentlyaliveenvironmentofthenewsbusinessintheagesoftheinternet.Thecoffeehouseisback.Enjoyit.21．Accordingtothepassage,whatinitiatedthetransformationofcoffee-housenewstomass-medianews?A．Theemergenceofbigmassmediafirms.B．Thepopularityofradioandtelevision.C．Theappearanceofadvertisinginnewspapers.D．Theincreasingnumberofnewspaperreaders.正确答案：C解析：事实细节题。由题干中的coffee-house和mass—media定位至首段。从首段第三句“Everythingchanged…toawideraudience．”可以看出，通过利用广告来降低新闻的成本，使得广告商能够触及更为广泛的受众群体，因而可以判断，正是由于报纸广告的出现，才使得新闻向大众传媒的方式改变，故[C]为答案。首段末句提到“witharelativelysmallnumberoffirmscontrollingthemedia”，是大众传媒方式出现后的情况，并非最初向其转变的原因，排除[A]；末句虽然提到“Thepennypress…aone-waybroadcast”，也涉及新闻方式改变的原因，但本题题干中的initiated表明，这里问的是最初发生改变的原因，故排除[B]；第三句中的“thusgivingadvertisersaccesstoawideraudience”是“pioneeredtheusetoadvertising”的结果，不是发生改变的原因，排除[D]。22．Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestsupports“Now,thenewsindustryisreturningtosomethingclosertothecoffeehouse”?A．Newspapercirculationrosegloballyby6%between2005and2009.B．PeopleintheWesternworldaregivingupnewspapersandTVnews.C．Classifieddocumentsarepublishedintheirthousandsonline.D．Morepeopleareinvolvedinfinding,discussinganddistributingnews.正确答案：D解析：推理判断题。由题干定位至第二段首句，这是作者观点，也是第二段和第三段主题句。第二段第二句对该句作出说明“Theinternetismakingnewsmoreparticipatory，socialanddiverse…massmedia”，结合第三段第二句提到的“Moststrikingly…distributingnews．”，这与首段第二句描述咖啡馆新闻时提到的freeconversation也最为相似，故[D]为答案。[A]是第二段第五句内容，是对其前一句“Inmuchoftheworld，themassmediaareflourishing”的说明，不是支持该段首句的细节，排除；第三段首句的“Overthepastdecade…peoplehavebeengivingupnewspapersandTVnews…”是用来说明第二段末句的“Butthoseglobalfigures…richcountries．”，排除[B]；第三段第四句提到“Classifieddocumentsarepublishedintheirthousandson—line．”，这是具体阐述人们传播、讨论新闻的方式，排除[C]。23．Accordingtothepassage,whichisNOTaroleplayedbyinformationtechnology?A．Challengingthetraditionalmedia.B．Planningthereturntocoffee-housenews.C．Providingpeoplewithaccesstoclassifiedfiles.D．Givingordinarypeoplethechancetoprovidenews.正确答案：B解析：推理判断题。由题干中的informationtechnology定位至第四段，该段提到科技公司在信息传播领域的创新，均提到了[A]、[C]和[D]三个选项，只有[B]项“Planningthereturntocoffee-housenews”未提及，故为答案。由该段前两句“Anditisnotjustreaders…importantconduitsofnews”可知，[A]符合文意，故排除；第四句指出“Theinternetletspeople…fromaroundtheworld”，结合第三段第四句的“Classifieddocuments…online．”可以判断，[C]符合文意，故排除；第五句指出“Thewebhasallowed…inaveryshortspaceoftime．”，由此可得出，[D]符合文意，故排除。24．Theauthor’stoneinthelastparagraphtowardsnewjournalismisA．optimisticandcautious.B．supportiveandskeptical.C．doubtfulandreserved.D．ambiguousandcautious.正确答案：A解析：观点态度题。由题干直接定位至末段。前两句指出“Inprinciple，everyliberalshouldcelebratethis．Amoreparticipatory…isagoodthing．”，由旬中的celebrate，good以及文章最后一句的enjoyit可以判断出，作者的态度是乐观的(optimistic)。由末段第四句“Asproducers…scrupulouswithfactsandtransparentwiththeirsources．”中的scrupulous(小心谨慎的)可以判断，cautious也是作者的态度，故[A]为答案。文章末段并未提出对newjournalism的质疑，排除[B]和[C]；作者旗帜鲜明，并未模棱两可，排除[D]。25．In“Thecoffeehouseisback”,coffeehousebestsymbolizesA．thechangingcharacteristicsofnewsaudience.B．themorediversifiedmeansofnewsdistribution.C．theparticipatorynatureofnews.D．themorevariedsourcesofnews.正确答案：C解析：推理判断题。末段第二句指出“Amoreparticipatory…rangeofnewssources，isagoodthing．”，结合第二段第二句“Theinternet…beforethemassmedia．”可以判断，文中的coffeehouse是指新闻的参与性，故C]为答案。文中没有提及coffeehouse和newsaudience的关系，排除[A]；虽然上述两句中出现了diversity和diverse，但这里是指新闻的多样性，并非distribution的多样性，排除[B]；题干中的best表明应选择最具代表性的特点，而participatory是最先提到的特点，排除[D]。Parisislikepornography.Yourespondevenifyoudon’twantto.Youturnacornerandseeavista,andyourimaginationboltsaway.SuddenlyyouarethinkingaboutwhatitwouldbeliketoliveinParis,andthenyouthinkaboutallthelivesyouhavenotlived.Sometimes,though,whenyouarelucky,youonlythinkabouthowmanypleasuresthedayaheadholds.Then,youfeelprivileged.Thelobbyofthehotelisdecoratedinredandgold.Itgivesoffawhiffof19th-centurydecadence.ProbablyasmuchasanyhotelinParis,thishotelissexy.Iwasstandingfacingtherevolvingdoorsandthedrivewaybeyond.Acarwithawomaninthebackseat—awomaninashortskirtandblack-leatherjacket—pulledupbeforethehoteldoor.Sheswungoffandshewaswearinghighheels.Normally,mymindwou