新概念英语第四册Lesson+23+Bird+flight+讲义

Lesson23Birdflight鸟的飞行方法Whatarethetwomaintypesofbirdflightdescribedbytheauthor?Notwosortsofbirdspractisequitethesamesortofflight;thevarietiesareinfinite;buttwoclassesmayberoughlyseen.AnyshithatcrossesthePacificisaccompaniedformanydaysbythesmalleralbatross,Whichmaykeepcompanywiththevessel1foranhourwithoutvisibleormorethanoccasionalmovementofwing.Thecurrentsofairthatthewallsoftheshipdirectupwards2,aswellasinthelineofitscourse,areenoughtogivethegreatbirdwithitsimmensewingssufficientsustenance3andprogress.Thealbatrossisthekingofthegliders5,theclassofflierswhichharnesstheairtotheirpurpose,butmustyieldtoitsopposition6.Inthecontraryschool,theduckissupreme7.Itcomesnearertotheengineswithwhichmanhas'conquered'theair,asheboasts.Duck,andlikethemthepigeons,areendowedwithsuch-likemuscles,thatareagoodpartoftheweightofthebird,andthesewillply8theshortwingswithsuchirresistible9powerthattheycanboreforlongdistancesthroughanopposinggale10beforeexhaustion11follows.Theirhumblerfollowers12,suchaspartridges,havealikepowerofstrongpropulsion,butsoontire.Youmaypickthemupinutterexhaustion,ifwindovertheseahasdriventhemtoalongjourney.Theswallowsharesthevirtues13ofbothschoolsinhighestmeasure.Ittiresnot,nordoesitboastofitspower;butbelongstotheair,travellingitmaybesixthousandmilestoandfromitsnorthernnestinghome,feedingitsflownyoungasitflies,andslippingthroughwenolongertakeomens15fromtheirflightonthissideandthat;andeventhemostsuperstitious16villagersnolongertakeofftheirhatstothemagpie17andwishitgood-morning.WILLIAMBEACHTHOMASACountryman'sCreed18Newwordsandexpressions生词和短语albatrossn.信天翁sustenancen.支撑力glider4n.滑翔者harnessv.利用endowv.赋有plyv.不断地供给galen.大风partridgen.鹧鸪likeadj.类似的propulsionn.推进力utteradj.完全的slipv.滑行adverse19adj.逆的，相反的omen14n.预兆参考译文没有任何两种鸟的飞行方式是相同的。鸟的飞行方式千差万别，但大体上可分为两类。任何一艘横度太平洋的轮船都会有一种小信天翁伴随飞行许多天。它们随船飞行一小时也难得见其扇动一下翅膀。沿船体的上升的气流和沿航线向前的气流给这种巨翼大鸟以足够的浮力和推力。信天翁是滑翔飞行的鸟类之王，它能自如地驾驭空气，但必须顺气流飞行。与滑翔鸟相对的另一类鸟中，数野鸭本领最高。它更近乎于人类自夸的“征服”了空气的发动机。野鸭及它们相似的鸽子有天赋的钢铁般的肌肉，占了体重的很大一部分。这些肌肉以巨大的力量扇动短小的翅膀，使这类鸟能顶着大风飞行很远的路才会疲劳。次于野鸭和鸽子的鸟，如鹧鸪，有相似的巨大推动力，但很快会疲劳。如果海风驱使它们飞行很长距离，你可以捡到一些因筋疲力尽而摔下来的鹧鸪。燕子充分兼有这两类鸟的长处，它既不疲劳，也不炫耀自己的飞翔力；在空中十分自如，可以飞行6，000英里，可以飞往北方做窝的老家，再从老家飞回；一边飞一边喂养会飞的雏燕，甚至在顶风时也能在气流中滑翔，似乎气流在帮它前进。这些鸟对我们是有益的，虽然我们不再从它们的飞翔姿态来占卜吉凶，连最迷信的村民也不再对喜鹊脱帽行礼，祝它早安了。新概念英语正版图书购买点击收听单词发音

1vessel

n.船舶；容器，器皿；管，导管，血管参考例句：ThevesselisfullyloadedwithcargoforShanghai.这艘船满载货物驶往上海。Youshouldputthewaterintoavessel.你应该把水装入容器中。2upwards

adv.向上，在更高处...以上参考例句：Thetrendofpricesisstillupwards.物价的趋向是仍在上涨。Thesmokerosestraightupwards.烟一直向上升。3sustenance

n.食物，粮食；生活资料；生计参考例句：Wederiveoursustenancefromtheland.我们从土地获取食物。Theurbanhomelessareoftenindesperateneedofsustenance.城市里无家可归的人极其需要食物来维持生命。4glider

n.滑翔机；滑翔导弹参考例句：Thegliderwassoaringabovethevalley.那架滑翔机在山谷上空滑翔。Thepilotmanagedtolandtheglideronasafeplace.那个驾驶员设法让滑翔机着陆到一个安全的地方。5gliders

n.滑翔机(glider的名词复数)参考例句：Thealbatrossisthekingofgliders.信天翁是滑翔鸟类之王。来自《用法词典》Forthreesummers,maybestedandimprovedtheirgliders.他们花了三个夏天不断地测试、改进。来自英汉非文学-科学史6opposition

n.反对，敌对参考例句：Thepartyleaderisfacingoppositioninhisownbackyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。Thepolicetriedtobreakdowntheprisoner'sopposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。7supreme

adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的参考例句：Itwasthesuprememomentinhislife.那是他一生中最重要的时刻。Hehandeduptheindictmenttothesupremecourt.他把起诉书送交最高法院。8ply

v.(搬运工等)等候顾客，弯曲参考例句：Taxislicensedtoplyforhireattherailwaystation.许可计程车在火车站候客。FerryboatsplyacrosstheEnglishChannel.渡船定期往返于英吉利海峡。9irresistible

adj.非常诱人的，无法拒绝的，无法抗拒的参考例句：Thewheelofhistoryrollsforwardwithanirresistibleforce.历史车轮滚滚向前，势不可挡。Shesawanirresistibleskirtinthestorewindow.她看见商店的橱窗里有一条叫人着迷的裙子。10gale

n.大风，强风，一阵闹声（尤指笑声等）参考例句：Wegotourroofblownoffinthegalelastnight.昨夜的大风把我们的房顶给掀掉了。Accordingtotheweatherforecast,therewillbeagaletomorrow.据气象台预报，明天有大风。11exhaustion

n.耗尽枯竭，疲惫，筋疲力尽，竭尽，详尽无遗的论述参考例句：Shesleptthesleepofexhaustion.她因疲劳而酣睡。Hisexhaustionwasobviouswhenhefellasleepstanding.他站着睡着了，显然是太累了。12followers

追随者(follower的名词复数)；用户；契据的附面；从动件参考例句：thefollowersofMahatmaGandhi圣雄甘地的拥护者Thereformersoongatheredabandoffollowersroundhim.改革者很快就获得一群追随者支持他。13virtues

美德(virtue的名词复数)；德行；优点；长处参考例句：Doctorsoftenextolthevirtuesofeatinglessfat.医生常常宣扬少吃脂肪的好处。Shedeliveredahomilyonthevirtuesoffamilylife.她进行了一场家庭生活美德方面的说教。14omen

n.征兆，预兆；vt.预示参考例句：Thesuperstitiousregarditasabadomen.迷信的人认为那是一种恶兆。Couldthisatlastbeagoodomenforpeace?这是否终于可以视作和平的吉兆了？15omens

n.前兆，预兆(omen的名词复数)参考例句：Theomensforthegamearestillnotpropitious.这场比赛仍不被看好。来自辞典例句Suchomensbetidenogood.这种征兆预示情况不妙。来自辞典例句16superstitious

adj.迷信的参考例句：Theyaimtodeliverthepeoplewhoareinbondagetosuperstitiousbelief.他们的目的在于解脱那些受迷信束缚的人。Thesesuperstitiouspracticesshouldbeabolishedassoonaspossible.这些迷信做法应尽早取消。17magpie

n.喜欢收藏物品的人，喜鹊，饶舌者参考例句：Nowandthenamagpiewouldcall.不时有喜鹊的叫声。Thisyoungmanisreallyamagpie.这个年轻人真是饶舌。18creed

n.信条；信念，纲领参考例句：Th