2024年全国教师资格之中学英语学科知识与教学能力考试重点试卷(详细参考解析)

姓名:_________________编号:_________________地区:_________________省市:_________________ 密封线 姓名:_________________编号:_________________地区:_________________省市:_________________ 密封线 密封线 全国教师资格考试重点试题精编注意事项:1.全卷采用机器阅卷，请考生注意书写规范；考试时间为120分钟。2.在作答前，考生请将自己的学校、姓名、班级、准考证号涂写在试卷和答题卡规定位置。

3.部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂;非选择题部分必须使用黑色签字笔书写，字体工整，笔迹清楚。

4.请按照题号在答题卡上与题目对应的答题区域内规范作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效:在草稿纸、试卷上答题无效。一、选择题

1、Whatroledoeshe/sheplaywhenateacherexplainsthepurposeofatask,thestepstodoitanditstimelimit?A.AnorganizerB.AnobserverC.AnevaluatorD.Aprompter

2、The_____approachtowritingteachingpaysattentiontonotonlywhattowrite,butalsohowtowrite.A.product-orientedB.process-orienteDC.form-focusedD.meaning-focuseD

3、Anaspiratedp,anunaspiratedpandanunreleasedpare__________ofthepphoneme.A.analoguesB.tagmemeC.morphemesD.allophones

4、请阅读Passage2，完成小题。Passage2Papermoneyisusedeverydaybutpeopledonotoftenthinkofmoneyasjustpaper.Thisis?becausepeopleagreethatithasvalue,andpapermoneyissupportedbythegovernment.Peoplehaveusedpapermoneyforonlyafewhundredyears,butwhatdidpeopledobefore?printedmoneywasinvented?InMedievalEngland,astickwastheofficialrepresentationofmoney.Thecommonsystemthatwasusedinvolvedcountingdebtonapieceofwoodcalleda"tallystick".Thetallystickwasmarkedwithaknife.Eachmark,ortally,indicatedanamountofmoney.The?tallystickactedasacontract.Noonereallyknowswhoinventedthetallystick,butKingHenryIofEnglandiscreditedas?thefirsttousethestickinawidespreadfashion.InEngland,thetallystickwasusedfrom?1100-1826.Marksweremadeonatallysticktorepresenttheamountofserviceorgoodsthatwere?exchanged.Thetallystickwascutinhalflengthwiseintotwoparts,andonestickwaslongerthan?theother.Thepersongivingservicesorgoodsreceivedthelongerendofthestick,calledthe"stock",andthepersonpayingfortheserviceorgoodsreceivedtheshorterend.Oncethestickwas?cut,itcouldnotbealtered.Whenputtogether,thetwohalvesfitperfectlytogether.MedievalEnglandwasnottheonlycountrytousethetallysticksystem.In1960,Belgian?scientistJeandeHeinzelindeBraucourtdiscoveredanextremelyoldtallystickmadeofbaboon?boneinAfrica.Atfirst,hedeterminedthesticktobebetweenabout8,000to10,000yearsold.This?surprisedmanypeoplebecauseitprovedthatthetallysticksystemhadbeeninuseformuchlonger?thaneveryonehadpreviouslythought.Furtherresearchhasshownthatthisstickisactuallymuch?older:now,scientistsbelieveitis20,000yearsold.Thetallysticksystemmaynolongerbeinusetoday,butitsinfluenceisstillapparent.People?stillmakecontractsandpeoplestillborrowandlendmoney.Peoplestilltrustthat"things"--whethertheyaresticks,paper,orcoins--havevalue.Thenexttimepapermoneyisused,just?remember:itisonlypaper!Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.EnglishtallystickshavemoremarksthanAfricanonesB.TallysticksareapracticaltoolinusetodayC.ThecurrentrepresentationofmoneyisintheformofpaperD.Manymodelsformoneyhavebeencutshort

5、Whenateacherasksstudentstobrainstormwhattheywillwriteaboutanunforgettabletrip,he/shemainlyfocuseson_______.A.ideasB.layoutC.styleD.feedback

6、Inspeakingactivities,aspeakeroftentriestoavoidusingadifficultwordorstructureandchoosestouseasimplerone.Whatlearningstrategydoesthespeakeruse?A.SimplificationB.GeneralizationC.ParaphraseD.Avoidance

7、Howmanyliaisonsofsoundarethereinthesentence"Tellusallaboutit"?A.oneB.twoC.threeD.four

8、请阅读Passagel，完成此题。Passage1WhenaskedbyConanifhisdaughtershadsmartphones,comedianLouisCKexplainedthathehadsuccessfullyfendedthemoffbysimplyreplying,"No,youcan'thaveit.Itisbadforyou."HeinstantlybecamemyheroasIwasmiredindifficultnegotiationswithmyten-year-olddaughteroverone.Andfrankly,shewaswinning.Wasitpossibletosaynotomydaughter,asCKsuggested?Ihadn'tevenknownIwasallowedto,iftheguineapigs,thedogs,andthingsforherdollMollywereanyindication.CKrationalized,"Iamnotraisingthechildren.I'mraisingthegrown-upsthattheyaregoingtobe.Sojustbecausetheotherstupidkidshavephonesdoesn'tmeanthatmykidhastobestupid."NowIknewIdidn'twantmykidtogrowupstupidlikeherfriends.Ineededtoexplainthistoher.ThisiswhatCKtoldConanandme.Cellphonesare"toxic,especiallyforkids,"hesaid,becausetheydon'thelpthemlearnem-pathy,oneofthenicerhumanemotions.Whenwetext,wedon'tseeorhearavisceralreaction.Theresponsewegetiscoldandhardtext-message."Whyarekidsmean?"Heasked."Becausethey'retryingitout.Theylookatanotherkidandsay,'You'refat.'Thentheyseethekid'sfacescrunchupandthinkthatdoesn'tfeelgood."Texting"you'refat"allowsyoutobypassthepain.CKwentontoexplainthatsmartphonesrobusofourabilitytobealone.Kidsusesmartphonestooccupytheirtime:Musttext!Mustplaygame!MustlookupmoretinysocksonlineforMolly!!!CKasked,whathappenedtozoningout?Afterall,oneofthejoysofbeinghumanisallowingourmindstowander,withcellphones,kidsarealwayspreoccupied.Theyneverdaydream,exceptinclass.Andhere'ssomethingelsewe'remissing:ourrighttobemiserable.ThiswasarightIhadn'trealizedIdesireduntilCKpointedoutthatit'sanotheressentialhumanemotion.CKgavetheexampleofdrivingbyyoursA.AdogB.AdollC.AguineapigD.Asmartphone

9、Ifateachershowsstudentshowtodoanactivitybeforetheystartdoingit,he/sheisusingthetechniqueof（）.A.presentationB.demonstrationC.elicitationD.evaluation

10、Whichofthefollowinginvolvesasounddeletion?A.BeanB.DesignC.SportD.Big

11、Whichofthefollowingnominatingpatternscanateacheradopttoensurethatallstudentsareactivelyinvolvedinclassroomactivities?A.NominatingthosewhoaregoodatEnglishB.AskingquestionsinapredicablesequenceC.NominatingstudentsafterthequestionisgivenD.Nominatingstudentsbeforegivingthequestion

12、WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutmeaningfulpracticeingrammarteachingisNOTtrue?A.MeaningfulpracticeaimsatformaccuracyB.MeaningfulpracticefocusesontheproductionandcomprehensionofmeaningC.ThereisnoclearcutbetweenmechanicalandmeaningfulpracticeD.Practicebasedonpromptsisusuallyconsideredasmeaningfulpractice

13、请阅读Passage2，完成第小题。Passage2Thatexperiencesinfluencesubsequentbehaviorisevidenceofanobviousbutneverthelessremarkableactivitycalledremembering.Learningcouldnotoccurwithoutthefunctionpopularlynamedmemory.Constantpracticehassuchaneffectonmemoryastoleadtoskillfulperformanceonthepiano,torecitationofapoem,andeventoreadingandunderstandingthesewords.So-calledintelligentbehaviordemandsmemory,rememberingbeingaprimaryrequirementforreasoning.Theabilitytosolveanyproblemoreventorecognizethataproblemexistsdependsonmemory.Typically,thedecisiontocrossastreetisbasedonrememberingmanyearlierexperiences.Practice(orreview)tendstobuildandmaintainmemoryforataskorforanylearnedmaterial.Overaperiodofnopracticewhathasbeenlearnedtendstobeforgotten;andtheadaptiveconsequencesmaynotseemobvious.Yet,dramaticinstancesofsuddenforgettingcanbeseentobeadaptive.Inthissense,theabilitytoforgetcanbeinterpretedtohavesurvivedthroughaprocessofnaturalselectioninanimals.Indeed,whenone'smemoryofanemotionallypainfulexperienceleadstoseriousanxiety,forgettingmayproducerelief.Nevertheless,anevolutionaryinterpretationmightmakeitdifficulttounderstandhowthecommonlygradualprocessofforgettingsurvivednaturalselection.Inthinkingabouttheevolutionofmemorytogetherwithallitspossibleaspects,itishelpfultoconsiderwhatwouldhappenifmemoriesfailedtofade.Forgettingclearlyaidsorientationintime,sinceoldmemoriesweakenandthenewtendtostandout,providingcluesforinferringduration.Withoutforgetting,adaptiveabilitywouldsuffer,forexample,learnedbehaviorthatmighthavebeencorrectadecadeagomaynolongerbe.Casesarerecordedofpeoplewho(byordinarystandards)forgotsolittlethattheireverydayactivitieswerefullofconfusion.ThiA.suddenforgettingmaybringaboutadaptiveconsequencesB.forgettingforlackofpracticetendstobeobviouslyinadaptiveC.ifapersongetsveryforgetfulallofasudden,hemustbeveryadaptiveD.forgettingisanindicationofanindividual'sadaptability

14、请阅读Passage1，完成小题。Passage1OfallthechangesthathavetakenplaceinEnglish-languagenewspapersduringthepastquarter-century,perhapsthemostfar-reachinghasbeentheinexorabledeclineinthescopeandseriousnessoftheirartscoverage.Itisdifficulttothepointofimpossibilityfortheaveragereaderundertheageoffortytoimagineatimewhenhigh-qualityartscriticismcouldbefoundinmostbig-citynewspapers.Yetaconsiderablenumberofthemostsignificantcollectionsofcriticismpublishedinthe20thcenturyconsistedinlargepartofnewspaperreviews.Toreadsuchbookstodayistomarvelatthefactthattheirlearnedcontentswereoncedeemedsuitableforpublicationingeneral-circulationdailies.WeareevenfartherremovedfromtheunfocusednewspaperreviewspublishedinEnglandbetweentheturnofthe20thcenturyandtheeveofWorldWar2,atatimewhennewsprintwasdirt-cheapandstylishartscriticismwasconsideredanornamenttothePublicationsinwhichitappeared.Inthosefar-offdays,itwastakenforgrantedthatthecriticsofmajorpaperswouldwriteindetailandatlengthabouttheeventstheycovered.Theirswasaseriousbusiness,andeventhosereviewswhoworetheirlearninglightly,likeGeorgeBernardShawandErnestNewman,couldbetrustedtoknowwhattheywereabout.Thesemenbelievedinjournalismasacalling,andwereproudtobepublishedinthedailypress."Sofewauthorshavebrainsenoughorliterarygiftenoughtokeeptheirownendupinjournalism,"Newmanwrote,"thatIamtemptedtodefine’journalism’as’atermofcontemptappliedbywriterswhoarenotreadtowriterswhoare’."Unfortunately,thesecriticsarevirtuallyforgotten.NevilleCardus,whowrotefortheManchesterGuardianfrom1917untilshortlybeforehisdeathin1975,isnowknownsolelyasawriterofessaysonthegameofcricket.Duringhislifetime,though,hewasalsooneofEngland’sforemostclassical-musiccritics,andastylistsowidelyadmiredthathisAutobiography(1947)becameabest-seller.Hewasknightedin1967,thefirstmusiccritictobesohonored.Yetonlyoneofhisbooksisnowinprint,andhisvastbodyofwritingsonmusicisunknownsavetospecialists.IsthereanychancethatCardus’scriticismwillenjoyarevivalTheprospectseemsremote.Journalistictasteshadchangedlongbeforehisdeath,andpostmodernreadershavelittleusefortherichlyupholsteredVicwardianproseinwhichhespecialized.Moreover,theamateurtraditioninmusiccriticismhasbeeninheadlongretreat.WhatistrueaboutthecurrentmajorEnglish-languagenewspapersaccordingtothefirstparagraphs?查看材料A.High-qualityartscriticismisrarelyfoundB.ArtsreviewsareoftencopiedfromotherpublicationsC.*******************************************D.Artscriticismhasdisappearedsincethestartofthe20thcentury

15、Whenhepickedupalargesumofmoneybyaccident,hebattledwithhis__________whetherheshouldkeepitorreturnittotheowner.A.consciousnessB.conscienceC.commitmentD.convenience

16、Studentscando_____activities,suchas,silentreading,doingwrittenexercises,writingsomethingdownindividuallyafterbrainstorminginagroup,orindividualspeechpreparations,etc.A.pairworkB.whole-classworkC.individualD.groupwork

17、请阅读Passage2，完成第小题。Passage2AmongChina'sgreatestarttreasuresaretheBuddhistcavesnearDunhuang.Theirancientfrescoesandsculptureshavesurvivedwars,environmentaldamage,antiquitieshunters,andthechaoticCulturalRevolution.Todaydomestictourismisthebiggestthreat:theUNESCOWorldHeritagesitehasanoptimalcapacityof3,000perday,butpeaktimescanseetwicethatmanyvisitors.TheMogaoGrottoesareespeciallyvulnerabletomasstourism.Theirecosystemsarefragile.Abuildupofhumidityandcarbondioxidefromvisitors'breathcanleadtoflakinganddiscolorationofwallpaintings.Topreservethecaves,theDunhuangAcademyispioneeringaprojecttodigitizethesite.Recently,theArthurM.SacklerGalleryinWashington,D.C.,offeredatantalizingglimpseattheundertaking.Donning3-Dglasses,visitorsweretransportedintoabreathtaking"virtual"Dunhuanggrotto,knownasCave220.The3-D,interactiveexperienceisfloodedwithvividcolor,close-updetails,movingimagesofflyingbodhisattvas,evensound,"DunhuangranksasthesinglemostimportantrepositoryofearlyChineseart.HerethegreatculturesoftheWorld--GreekandRoman,PersianandMiddleEastern,IndianandChinese--constantlyinteractedforoveramillennium,"saidMimiGates,whoformedtheDunhuangFoundation."High-resolutiondigitizationwillprovidealastingrecordofthisartistictreasureforallmankindandcanmakeitaccessiblebeyondChina."Adozenyearsago,theDunhuangAcademybegancooperatingwithforegoinginstitutionstoconservethetreasures.Amongtheprojects,oneusedacameratocreateadigitalarchiveofthecaves.Theresultswillbeusedintheacademywhichplanned＄40millionstate-of-the-artvisitorcenterwhichwillpresentvirtualtourofthecavestosavetherealsitewearandtear.Thescopeoftheprojectisdaunting.Itrequires20minutesorsotorecorda9-square-meterfresco,andthereare492caveswithmuralsinside.ButtheSacklerexhibitprovedhowenthrallingthesinglevirtualcaveCaBbe.Realcavesprovidenolightbulbs.Oncetheyreachcriticallevelsofmoistureandtemperature,theyareshuttothepublic.Onlyafewdozencavesareaccessibleatanygiventime.ButtheSackler'svirtualtourwasdifferent.Oneofthemostpopularfeatureswasthe"magnifyingglass",whichcanzoominon,say,azitherdepictedinamural.Theinstrumentappearstopopoutofthewall,enlarge,andthenrotateinspace.Visitorscanalso"flip"backandforthbetweentheintricateTang-dynastymuralandalater,cruderSung-dynastyfresco.TohelpCave220'sTangdancerpaintingsmagicallycometolife,twoChineseperformerswereflowntotheAppliedLaboratoryforInteractiveVisualizationandEmbodiment(ALIVE)inaHongKonguniversity.Forthreedaysthedancerswerefilmedperformingintricatesteps,fluidmovements,andcarefulmanipulationoflong,sinuousribbons.TheyappearedintheSacklertour,dancingasifinmidair,cladinbrightlycoloredTangcostume.ALIVE'sprojectmanagersaidwhilehe'sbecomeintimatelyfamiliarwiththeimagesCave220,hehasn'tbeenthereyet."Ican'twaittovisittherealthing."WhichofthefollowingfactorsmentionedinthearticlemaycauseaseveredamagetotheBuddhistcavestoday?查看材料A.AntiquitieshuntersB.EnvironmentaldamageC.TheoptionalnumberoftouristsD.Visitorsexceedingtheoptimalnumber

18、Whenstudentsengagedingroupwork,theteachergavefeedbackaftereachgrouphadstatedtheiropinionandshowntheiroutput．Thisiscalled__________．A.instructingB.observingC.monitoringD.evaluating

19、Whatdoesateacherfocusonwhenhe/shesays"findouttwothingsyourpartnerlikestoeatbutyoudon'tandtwothingsyoubothliketoeatusingwhatdoyouliketoeat?A.FormB.MeaningC.MeaninganduseD.Formandmeaning

20、Theconversationalimplicationof"Johnisamachine"asaresponseto"WhatdoyouthinkofJohn"iscontext-bound.Itpossessesallthefollowingdistinguishingpropertiesbut_______.A.non-detachabilityB.calculabilityC.conventionalityD.defeasibility

21、Ifateacherasksstudentstocollect,compareandanalyzecertainsentencepatterns,he/sheaimsatdevelopingstudents'__________.A.discourseawarenessB.culturalawarenessC.strategiccompetenceD.linguisticcompetence

22、Whatistheteacherdoingintermsoferrorcorrection?S:Igotothetheatrelastnight．T:Yougotothetheatrelastnight?A.Correctingthestudent'smistakeB.HintingthatthereisamistakeC.EncouragingpeercorrectionD.Askingthestudentwhetherhereallywenttothetheatre

23、Therearetwosyllablesintheword"photo".occursinbothsyllables,butthefirstoneis__________thesecondbecauseitisstressed.A.longerthanB.shorterthanC.aslongasD.asshortas

24、Whenateachersays,"Isthissentenceright?",he/shemaybedoingallofthefollowingEXCEPT____.A.givingstudentsfeedbackB.elicitingstudents'responsesC.invitingstudents'judgmentsD.correctingamistakeexplicitly

25、__________doesnotstudymeaninginisolation,butincontext.A.PragrnaticsB.SemanticsC.Cross-culturalcommunicationD.Syntax

26、Imustbegettingfat--Ican__________domytrousersup.A.fairlyB.hardlyC.nearlyD.seldom

27、Inwhichofthefollowingactivitiesdoestheteachermainlyplaytheroleofaprompter？A.OrganizingthestudentstodoactivitiesbygivinginstructionB.ChangingthepaceoftheclassbyvariousmeansC.EnlighteningstudentstoexpresstheirideasD.Introducinganewgrammarpoint

28、Whichofthefollowingisacommunicativetask?A.Readingaloudthedialogueonpage24B.WritingapartyinvitationtoyourfriendsC.TranslatingthefirstparagraphintoChineseD.Makingsentenceswiththeexpressionsgiven

29、请阅读短文，完成第小题。PhotographerTeresaBergreplacesaRottweiler'scollarwithapinkscarf.Shepicksastringofpearlstocomplementadachshund'scoat.Sheistakingglamourshotsofshelterdogs,hopingherspiffed-upsubjectswillbeadoptedmorequickly."Mostphotosshowdogsincages,lookingdirty,andmangy,"saysBerg."Iconsidermyworklikeanantismokingcampaign.Wehavetomakeadoptingcool."Herfatherwouldn'tallowheradogofherownasakid.Hedid,however,showherhowtouseacamera.Together,theytookpicturesanddevelopedthemathisoffice.LivinginDallasat24,Bergfoundherperfectroommateonthestreet:aBordercollie-ShetlandsheepdogmixshenamedGpsy.Bergalwayshasasoftspotfortheonesthatdon'thaveanyonetolove.Foryears,sheworkedasarealestateagent,butshequitin2006tolaunchaphotographybusiness.SearchingtheInternetforadogtoadoptasacompanionforMax,herPomeranian,shewasinstantlyputoffbythephotosonline:"Theyhaddirtylaundry,dirtydishes,andemptypizzaboxesinthebackground,"shesays.BergfinallyfoundFlash,a12-yearoldlong-haireddachshundwhowasaDallasrescuedog.Shewenttopickhimupandendedupvolunteeringtotakepicturesofalltherescueddogsthereforfree.Asmoredogswenttotheprogram,shetooktheirpicturestoo.Inthefollowingyear,afterthephotoswentuponthewebsiteoftheDallas-FortWorthDachshundRescue,thegroup'sdirectornoticedthatadoptionshaddoubledcomparedwithlastyear.Sheattributedthistotheprofessionalphotos."Whendogsareadoptedthatquickly,itmakesroomforothersoffthestreets,"Bergsays.Overtheyears,Berghasdevelopedsometrickstosnapflatteringpictures:positiondogssothatlightfallsontheirfaces,andshootateyelevel.In2011,hopingtoinspiremorephotographers,Bergpostedvideoseminarson.About75peoplepermonthnowwatA.TeresaBerg,thephotographerB.Flash,a12-yearoldlong-haireddachshundC.DirectorofDallas-fortWorthDachshundRescueD.AvolunteerphotographerinDallas-FortWorthDachshundRescue

30、Ateacherhandedoutalistoftwenty"if"sentencesandaskedstudentstodiscussandfindoutthegram-maticalrules.Whatistheteacher′sgrammarteachingmethod？A.DeductionB.PresentationC.ConsolidationD.Induction

31、Whenateacherleadsstudentstoguessthemeaningofanewwordbasedonthecontextualclue,whichoneofthefollowingapproachesdoesheuse?A.Bottom-upApproachB.Top-downApproachC.InteractiveApproachD.3PApproach

32、Theolderworkerandtheyoungeach___________theirowntools.A.haveB.hasC.arehavingD.ishaving

33、Potentialsubjectsshouldbeinformedoftheresearchand__________anopportunitytodecideiftheywanttoparticipate.A.gaveB.givingC.giveD.begiven

34、Inthecollege-admissionswars,weparentsarethetruefighters．We'repushingourkidstogetgoodgrades,takeSATpreparatorycoursesandbuildresumessotheycangetintothecollegeofourfirstchoice．I'vetwicebeentothewars,andasIsurveythebattlefield,somethingdifferentishappening．Weseeourkids'collegebackgroundasaprizedemonstratinghowwellwe'veraisedthem．Butwecan'tacknowledgethatourobsessionismoreaboutusthanthem．Sowe'vecontrivedvariousjustificationsthatturnouttobehalf-truths,prejudicesormyths．Itactuallydoesn'tmattermuchwhetherAaronandNicolegotoStanford．Wehaveafull-blownprestigepanic;weworrythattherewon'tbeenoughprizestogoaround．Fearfulparentsurgetheirchildrentoapplytomoreschoolsthanever．Underlyingthehysteriaisthebeliefthatscarceelitedegreesmustbehighlyvaluable．Theirgraduatesmustenjoymoresuccessbecausetheygetabettereducationanddevelopbettercontacts．Allthatisplausible--andmostlywrong．Wehaven'tfoundanyconvincingevidencethatselectivityorprestigematters．Selectiveschoolsdon'tsystematicallyemploybetterinstructionalapproachesthanlessselectiveschools．Ontwomeasures--professor'sfeedbackandthenumberofessayexams--selectiveschoolsdoslightlyworse．Bysomestudies,selectiveschoolsdoenhancetheirgraduates'lifetimeearnings．Thegainisreckonedat2-4%forevery100-pointincreaseinaschool'saverageSATscores．Buteventhisadvantageisprobablyastatisticalfluke．Awell-knownstudyexaminedstudentswhogotintohighlyselectiveschoolsandthenwentelsewhere．Theyearnedjustassuchasgraduatesfromhigher-statusschools．Kidscountmorethantheircolleges．GettingintoYalemaysignifyintelligence,talentandambition．Butit'snottheonlyindicatorand,paradoxically,itssignificanceisdeclining．Thereason:somanysimilarpeoplegoelsewhere．GettingintocA.Continuingeducationismoreimportanttoaperson'ssuccessB.Aperson'shappinessshouldbevaluedmorethantheireducationC.Kids'actualabilitiesaremoreimportantthantheircollegebackgroundD.Whatkidslearnatcollegecannotkeepupwithjobmarketrequirements

35、TheNeutralityofAmericanintheEarlyWorldWarIITheestablishmentoftheThirdReichinfluencedeventsinAmericanhistorybystartingachainofeventswhichculminatedinwarbetweenGermanyandtheUnitedStates.Thecompetedestructionofdemocracy,thepersecutionofJews,thewaronreligion,thecrueltyandbarbarismoftheNazis,andespeciallytheplansofGermanyandherallies,ItalyandJapan,forworldconquestcausedgreatindignationinthiscountryandbroughtonfearofanotherworldwar.WhilespeakingoutagainstHitler'satrocities,theAmericanpeoplegenerallyfavoredisoutagainstpoliciesandneutrality.TheNeutralityActsof1935and1936prohibitedtradewithanybelligerentsorloanstothem.In1937thePresidentwasempoweredtodeclareanarmsembargoinwarsbetweennationsathisdiscretion.AmericanopinionbegantochangesomewhatafterPresidentRoosevelt's“quarantinetheaggressor”speechatChicago(1937)inwhichheseverelycriticizedHitler'spolicies.Germany'sseizureofAustriaandtheMunichPactforthepartitionofCzechoslovakia(1938)alsoarousedtheAmericanpeople.TheconquestofCzechoslovakiainMarch,1939wasanotherrudeawakeningtothemenaceoftheThirdReich.InAugust,1939cametheshockoftheNazi-sovietPactandinSeptembertheattackonPolandandtheoutbreakofEuropeanwar.TheUnitedStatesattemptedtomaintainneutralityinspiteofsympathyforthedemocraciesarrayedagainsttheThirdReich.TheNeutralityActof1939repealedthearmsembargoandpermitted“cashandcarry”exportsofarmstobelligerentnations.Astrongnationaldefenseprogramwasbegun.Adraftactwaspassed(1940)tostrengthenthemilitaryservices.ALend-leaseAct(1941)authorizedthePresidenttosell,exchange,orlendmaterialstoanycountrydeemednecessarybyhimforthedefenseoftheUnitedStates.HelpwasA.theburningoftheReichstagB.GermanplansforconquestC.NazibarbarismD.thepersecutionofreligiousgroups

36、请阅读Passage2，完成题：Abigfocusofthecriticismofcomputergameshasconcernedthecontentofthegamesbeingplayed.Whenthenarrativesofthegamesareanalyzedtheycanbeseentofallintosomegenres.ThetwogenresmostpopularwiththechildrenIinterviewedwere'Plafformers'and'Beat-them-ups'.PlatformgamessuchasSonicandSuperMarioinvolveleapingfromplatformtoplatform,avoidingobstacles,movingonthroughthelevels,andprogressingthroughthedifferentstagesofthegame.Beat-them-upsarethegameswhichhavecausedconcernovertheirviolentcontent.Thesegamesinvolvefightsbetweenanimatedcharacters.Inmanywaysthisviolencecanbecomparedtoviolencewithinchildren'scartoonswhereacharacterishitovertheheadorfallsofacliffbutwalksawayunscathed.Controversyhasoccurredinpartbecauseoftheintensityofthegameplay,whichissaidtospilloverintochildren'severydaylives.Thereareworriesthatchildrenarebecomingmoreviolentandaggressiveafterprolongedexposuretothesegames.Playingcomputergamesinvolvesfeelingsofintensefrustrationandangerwhichoftenexpressesitselfinaggressive'yells'atthescreen.Itisnotonlythe'Beat-them-up'gameswhichproducethisaggression;platformgamesarejustasfrustratingwhenthecharacterslosealltheir'lives'and'die'justbeforetheendofthelevelisreached.Computergamingreliesuponintenseconcentrationonthemovingimagesonthescreenanddemandsgreathand-to-eyecoordination.Whentheplayerlosesandthewords'Gameover'appearonthescreen,thereisannoyanceandfrustrationatbeingbeatenbythecomputerandathavingmadeanerror.Thisangerandaggressioncouldperhaps