人教版2019选择性Unit1外刊精读和阅读理解

ToLeadaMeaningfulLife,BeeYourOwnHero过有意义的人生，做自己的英雄From

Gilgamesh

to

StarWars,thenarrative

blueprint

underpinning

manyheroictalescanofferapowerful

wayto

reframe

experiences

Gilgamesh吉尔伽美什：著名古代文学《吉尔伽美什史诗》的主角，《吉尔伽美什史诗》是目前已知世界最古老的英雄史诗。在美索不达米亚神话中，吉尔伽美什是拥有超人力量的半神（三分之二是神，三分之一是人，即拥有神的智慧及力量，但没有神的寿命），建造城墙保护人民免受外来攻击。StarWars《星球大战》：美国导演乔治·卢卡斯所制作拍摄的一系列科幻电影。电影讲述的是浩瀚的宇宙中，银河系共和国在绝地武士的守卫下，和平安定。然而在宇宙的深处，由原力黑暗面统治的西斯帝国悄然崛起，秘密谋取银河系的霸权。blueprint/ˈbluːprɪnt/n.aplanfor

achievingsomething

计划，设想，蓝图

a

blueprintforhealthcarereform

医疗保健改革蓝图underpin/ˌʌndəˈpɪn/v.togivestrength

orsupporttosomethingandtohelpitsucceed

巩固，支持

thetheoriesthatunderpinhisteaching

method

支持他的教学方法的理论reframe/riːˈfreɪThehumanbrainseemshardwiredtomakesenseoftheworldthroughstories.Overmillenniaofevolution,Homosapienshasspentcountlesshourssittingaroundfiresandtellingtalesofchallengeandtriumph.Ourinterestinstorytellingexplainswhywereadmagazinearticlesthatopenwithananecdoteandwhywenaturallyframeourlivesinstoryform.Theselifetalesstitchtogetherdifferenteventsintoanoverarchingnarrativewiththestorytellerastheprotagonist.Theyhelppeopledefinethemselvesandmakeexistencemorecoherent.hardwired/ˌhɑːdˈwaɪəd/adj.ifanattitude,wayofbehavingetcishardwired,itisanaturalpartofaperson’scharacterthattheyarebornwithandcannotchange〔态度、行为方式等〕天生的，不可改变的Thedesiretomunicateseemstobehardwiredintoourbrains.我们的大脑似乎生来就有与人沟通的欲望。make(some)senseoftounderstandsomething,especiallysomethingdifficultorplicated理解[弄懂]某事物〔尤指困难或复杂的事物〕Canyoumakeanysenseofthisarticle?你能看懂这篇文章吗？millennium/mɪˈleniəm/(pluralmillennia/niə/)n.aperiodof1,000years一千年，千年期peoplewhohaveinhabitedthislandformillennia在这片土地上已经居住了数千年的人们Homosapiensthetypeofhumanbeingthatexistsnow智人〔现代人的学名〕triumph/ˈtraɪʌmf/n.animportantvictoryorsuccessafteradifficultstruggle〔尤指苦战后获得的〕胜利，成功，成就thetriumphoverhardship战胜困难anecdote/ˈænɪkdəʊt/n.ashortstorybasedonyourpersonalexperience〔基于个人经历的〕轶事，趣闻ThebookisfullofamusinganecdotesabouthislifeinJapan.这本书里全是他在日本生活的趣闻轶事。frame/freɪm/v.tocarefullyplanthewayyouaregoingtoaskaquestion,makeastatementetc〔小心措辞以〕表达Shewonderedhowshewasgoingtoframethequestion.她不知道如何提出这个问题。stitchsthtogethertoputdifferentthingsorpartsofsomethingtogethertomakeonelargerthing拼凑起，组织起Intenyears,theyhavebeenabletostitchtogetheranationalnetworkofbanks.十年内，他们已搭建起一个全国性的银行网络。overarching/ˌəʊvərˈɑːtʃɪŋ/adj.includingorinfluencingeverypartofsomething包罗万象的；支配一切的Thecrisisgaveanoverarchingjustificationtothegovernment’spolicy.这场危机为政府的政策找到了能解释一切的正当理由。protagonist/prəˈtæɡənɪst/n.themostimportantcharacterinaplay,film,orstory〔戏剧、电影或故事的〕主要人物，主角existence/ɪɡˈzɪstəns/n.thetypeoflifethatsomeonehas,especiallywhenitisbadorunhappy〔尤指不幸的〕生活，生活方式PabloledamiserableexistencewhenhefirstmovedtoSanJuan.巴勃罗刚搬到圣胡安时，生活很悲惨。m/v.tochangetheway

somethingisexpressedorconsidered

重新思考，重新表述Ofcourse,somestoriesarebetterthanothers—some

evokeawe

andexcitement,whereasothersmakepeople

yawn.Wewonderedwhetherthehero’sjourneyprovidesa

template

fortellingamorepelling

versionofone'sownhistory.Afterall,thehero'sjourneyliesattheheartofthemostculturallysignificantstoriesaroundtheworld.evoke/ɪˈvəʊk/v.toproduceastrong

feelingormemoryinsomeone

引起，唤起〔某人强烈的感情或回忆〕

Hisappearanceisboundto

evokesympathy.

他的外表肯定会引起人们的同情。awe/ɔː/n.afeelingofgreatrespectand

likingforsomeoneorsomething

崇敬，赞叹

He

feltgreataweforthelandscape.

景色令他赞叹不已。yawn

/jɔːn/v.toopenyourmouthwide

andbreatheindeeplybecauseyouaretiredor

bored

打呵欠

Alanstretchedandyawned.

艾伦伸伸懒腰，打了个呵欠。template/ˈtempleɪt/n.somethingthatis

usedasamodelforanotherthing

样板，标准

Her

childhoodbecameatemplateforhowshebrought

upherownchildren.

她的童年生活成了她抚育自己孩子的样板。pelling/kəmˈpelɪŋ/adj.very

interestingorexciting,sothatyouhavetopay

attention

极为有趣的；令人激动的；引人入胜的Hislifemakesapellingstory.

他的一生是个引人入胜的故事。<词根：pel>Toexploretheconnectionbetweenpeople’slifestoriesandthehero’sjourney,wefirsthadtosimplify

the

storytellingarc

fromCampbell'soriginalformulation,which

features

17steps.We

abridged

and

condensedthe17stepsintosevenelementsthatcanbefoundinbothlegendsandeverydaylife:alead

protagonist,ashiftofcircumstances,a

quest,allies,achallenge,apersonaltransformationandaresulting

legacy.storytellingarc

叙事弧：作者约瑟夫·坎贝尔认为英雄的成长实际上都遵循着同样的模式，经历三个阶段，包括启程、启蒙和回归。坎贝尔把这个三阶段（17

步）的模式称为英雄之旅。feature/ˈfiːtʃə(r)/v.toincludeorshow

somethingasaspecialorimportantpartof

something,ortobeincludedasanimportantpart

以…为特色，是…的特征；是…的重要组成

The

exhibitionfeaturespaintingsbyPicasso.

这次展览重点展出毕加索的画作。abridge/əˈbrɪdʒ/v.tomakeabook,play,etc.shorterbyleavingpartsout

删节，节略（书籍、剧本等）quest/kwest/n.alongsearchforsth,especiallyforsomequalitysuchashappiness

探索，寻找，追求（幸福等）Hesetoffinquestof

adventure.

他出行探险去了。legacy/ˈleɡəsi/n.thelonglasting

impactofparticularevents,actions,etc.thattook

placeinthepast,orofaperson'slife

某人所留下的影响或传统Withourcondensedversionofthehero’sjourney,welookedattheconnectionbetweenhowpeopletold

theirlifestoriesandtheirfeelingsofmeaninginlife.Acrossfourseparatestudies,wecollectedlifestories

frommorethan1,200people,includingonlineparticipantsandagroupofmiddleagedadultsinChicago.Wealsoused

questionnaires

tomeasuretheparticipants'senseofmeaninginlife,amountoflife

satisfactionandlevelofdepression.

questionnaire/ˌkwestʃəˈneə(r)/n.a

writtensetofquestionswhichyougivetoalarge

numberofpeopleinordertocollectinformation〔用以收集资料的〕问卷，调查表

Allstaffwere

askedtofillinaquestionnaireabouttheirjobs.

所有员工都被要求填写一张有关他们工作情况的调查表。借助简化版的英雄之旅模型，我们研究了人们对生活故事的叙述与对生活意义的感受之间的联系。在四项独立研究中，我们收集了

1200

多人的生活故事，其中包括在线参与者和芝加哥的一群中年人。同时，我们使用问卷调查评估了参与者的生活意义感、生活满意度和抑郁程度。Wethenexaminedtheirstoriesforthesevenelementsofthehero'sjourney.Wefoundthatpeoplewho

hadmoreoftheelementsintheirlifestoriesreportedmoremeaninginlife,more

flourishing

andless

depression.These“heroic”people(menandwomenwereequallylikelytoseetheirlifeasahero's

journey)reportedaclearer

senseofself

thanotherparticipantsdid,aswellasmorenewadventures,stronggoals,goodfriends,andsoon.

flourish/ˈflʌrɪʃ/v.todevelopwellandbe

successful

繁荣，兴旺，成功

Theeconomyis

boomingandsmallbusinessesareflourishing.

经济繁荣，小企业蒸蒸日上。→flourishingadj.sb’ssenseofself

someone’sideathat

theyareaseparateperson,differentfromother

people

某人的自我意识

achild’sdeveloping

senseofself

儿童逐渐形成的自我意识Wealsofoundthatnarratives

inlinewith

thehero'sjourneyprovidedmorebenefitsthanotherkinds,includingabasic“redemptive”arc,inwhichaperson'slifestorygoesfromdefeattotriumph.（划线句）Ofcourse,redemptionisoftenapartofthe“transformation”aspectofthehero’sjourney,butpared

withpeoplewhoselifestorycontainedonlytheredemptivenarrative,thosewithafullhero’sjourney

reportedmoremeaninginlife.

inlinewith

similartosthorsothatone

thingiscloselyconnectedwithanother

与…相似（或紧密相连）redemptive/rɪˈdemptɪv/adj.thatsaves

youfromthepowerofevil

救赎的；拯救的

the

redemptivepoweroflove

爱情的救赎力量

<词根：redemption>划线句原文为

Wealsofound【主句引导宾语从句，后面为发现的内容】thatnarrativesin

linewiththehero'sjourneyprovidedmore

benefitsthanotherkinds,【从句主句，符和英雄之旅模式的叙述相比其他类型的叙述有更多好处】includingabasic“redemptive”arc,【举例说明其他类型的叙述】inwhichaperson'slifestorygoes

fromdefeattotriumph【具体解释救赎弧线是指一个人的人生故事从失败走向成功】.Wethenwonderedwhethermakingone'sstorymore“heroic”wouldincreasefeelingsofmeaningfulness.Wedevelopeda“restorying”

intervention

inwhichwepromptedpeopletoretelltheirstoryasahero's

journey.Participantsidentifiedeachofthesevenelementsintheirlife,andthenweencouragedthemto

weave

thesepiecestogetherintoacoherentervention/ˌɪntəˈvenʃ(ə)n/n.theact

ofbeinginvolvedinanargument,fight,or

otherdifficultsituationinordertochangewhat

happens

干涉，干预，介入

government

interventiontoregulateprices

政府介入以控制物价weave/wiːv/v.toputmanydifferent

ideas,subjects,storiesetctogetherandconnect

themsmoothly

编造，编纂

Sheweavesa

plicatedplotofromanceandintrigue.

她编织了一套爱情与阴谋交织的复杂情节。Insixstudieswithmorethan1,700participants,weconfirmedthatthisrestoryinginterventionworked:ithelpedpeopleseetheirlifeasahero'sjourney,whichinturnmadethatlifefeelmoremeaningful.Interventionrecipientsalsoreportedgreaterwellbeingandbecamemoreresilientinthefaceofpersonalchallenges;theseparticipantssawobstaclesmorepositivelyanddealtwiththemmorecreatively.inturnasaresultofsomething因此，所以Interestrateswerecutand,inturn,sharepricesrose.利率下调，股价就相应地上涨了。recipient/rɪˈsɪpiənt/n.someonewhoreceivessomething接受者，领受者therecipientoftheNobelPeacePrize诺贝尔和平奖得主resilient/rɪˈzɪliənt/adj.abletobeestrong,happy,orsuccessfulagainafteradifficultsituationorevent有复原力的；适应力强的Thepanyprovedremarkablyresilientduringtherecession.公司在经济衰退期间表现出惊人的耐挫力。Anyonecanframetheirlifeasahero’sjourney—andwesuspectthatpeoplecanalsobenefitfromtakingsmallstepstowardamoreheroiclife.Youcanseeyourselfasaheroicprotagonist,forexample,byidentifyingyourvaluesandkeepingthemtopofmindinyourdaytoday.Youcanleanintofriendshipsandnewexperiences.Youcansetgoalsmuchlikethoseofclassicqueststostaymotivatedandchallengeyourselftoimproveyourskills.Youcanalsotakestockoflessonslearnedandwaysyoumightleaveapositivelegacyforyourmunityorlovedones.Althoughyoumightneversavetheworldonamassivescale,youcouldsaveyourself.Youcanbeeaherointhecontextofyourownlife,which,attheveryleast,willmakeforabetterstory.daytoday/ˌdeɪtəˈdeɪ/n.anordinary,everydayroutine日常生活Theyhaveetoescapethedaytoday.他们是来逃避日复一日的生活的。leanintotoembrace;toexperiencefullyorrespondtowholeheartedly拥抱；全身心体验muchlikeusedtosaythatsomethingisverysimilartosomethingelse很像某事物，和某事物几乎一样Thetasteismuchlikebutter.这味道很像黄油。takestockoftostopandthinkcarefullyaboutthewayinwhichaparticularsituationisdevelopinginordertodecidewhattodonext（对某情况）加以总结，作出评估，进行反思makefortohelptomakesthpossible促成Constantarguingdoesn'tmakeforahappymarriage.不断争吵不可能使婚姻幸福。阅读理解：Whenweseecutebabies,puppies,orotheradorablethings,itisn'tunmontofeelastrongurgetopinch(捏)orevenbitethem.Itturnsoutthere'sascientifictermforthisresponse:"cuteaggression".In2015,YaleUniversityresearcherspublishedastudyabouthumanresponsestocuteness,whichareoftenbothpositiveandnegative.Theresearchersconcludedthatreactionstocuteness—rangingfromsmilestotearstoaggression—arebroughtonbythedegreeofpositiveemotion.Cuteaggressiondoesn'tappeartobedrivenbyaggressiveintention.Instead,scientiststhinkitisawayforustocopewithintensepositiveemotions."Cuteaggressionseemstobeamechanismtomanagetheoverwhelming(压倒性的)positivefeelingswegetwhenweinteractwithsomethingtoocuteforustohandle,"saysAssociateProfessorLisaA.Williams,asocialpsychologistfromUNSWScience.Itislikeapressurevalve(压力阀)thathelpsusreleasetheexcessofpositiveemotionsbeforetheyexplodelikeaballoon."Inotherwords,tobalanceouttheoverwhelmingfloodofpositivefeelings,weseektoholditback—andstrangelyenough,thatcanplayoutasanaggressiveinclination."Wonderingwhetherthisphenomenoncouldbemeasuredinbrainactivity,KatherineStavropoulos,apsychologistattheUniversityofCalifornia,Riverside,conductedastudy.Theteamfitted54participantswithelectrodecapstomeasurebrainactivityandshowedthem32photographsofadultandbabyanimals.Accordingtotheresearchers,theimagesofbabyanimalsreceivedthestrongestresponse,andparticipantsexpressedmorecuteaggressiontowardbabyanimalsthanadultanimals.Stavropoulosalsofoundstrongconnectionsbetweenthedegreeofcuteaggressionandthebrain'srewardresponsetoadorableanimals.AsStavropoulosconcluded,cuteaggressionseemstobethebrain'swayof"bringingusbackdown"bysuppressingouroverwhelmingfeelings.Whenthesetwopowerfulsystemsarestart