2016考研英语二真题及答案分析

2016考研英语二真题及答案（完整版）分析

2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)真题及答案

(完整版)

(注：以下选项标红加粗为正确答案)

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDon

theANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Happypeopleworkdifferently.They'remoreproductive,morecreative,andwillingtotakegreater

risks.Andnewresearchsuggeststhathappinessmightinfluence1firmswork,too.

Companieslocatedinplacewithhappierpeopleinvestmore,accordingtoarecentresearchpaper.

2,firmsinhappyplacesspendmoreonR&D(researchanddevelopment).That'sbecausehappinessis

linkedtothekindoflonger-termthinking3formakinginvestmentforthefuture.

Theresearcherswantedtoknowifthe4andinclinationforrisk-takingthatcomewithhappiness

would5thewaycompaniesinvested.SotheycomparedU.S.cities,averagehappiness6byGallup

pollingwiththeinvestmentactivityofpubliclytradedfirmsinthoseareas.

7enough,firms'investmentandR&Dintensitywerecorrelatedwiththehappinessoftheareain

whichtheywere8.Butitisreallyhappinessthafslinkedtoinvestment,orcouldsomethingelseabout

happiercities9whyfirmstherespendmoreonR&D?Tofindout,theresearchescontrolledforvarious10

thatmightmakefirmsmorelikelytoinvestlikesize,industry,andsales-and-andforindicatorsthata

placewas11tolivein,likegrowthinwagesorpopulation.Theylinkbetweenhappinessandinvestment

generally12evenafteraccountingforthesethings.

Thecorrelationbetweenhappinessandinvestmentwasparticularlystrongforyoungerfirms,which

theauthors13to"lessconfineddecisionmakingprocess"andthepossiblepresenceofyoungerandless

14managerswhoaremorelikelytobeinfluencedbysentiment.'*Therelationshipwas15strongerin

placeswherehappinesswasspreadmore16.Firmsseemtoinvestmoreinplaces.

17thisdoesn*tprovethathappinesscausesfirmstoinvestmoreortotakealonger-termview,the

authorsbelieveitatleast18atthatpossibility.It'snothardtoimaginethatlocalcultureandsentiment

wouldhelp19howexecutivesthinkaboutthefuture.Itsurelyseemsplausiblethathappypeoplewould

bemoreforward-thinkingandcreativeand20R&Dmorethantheaverage,"saidoneresearcher.

1.[A]why[B]where[C]how[D]when

2.[A]Inreturn[B]Inparticular[C]Incontrast[D]Inconclusion

3.[A]sufficient[B]famous[C]perfect[D]necessary

4.[A]individualism[B]modernism[C]optimism[D]realism

5.[A]echo[B]miss[C]spoil[D]change

6.[A]imagined[B]measured[C]invented[D]assumed

7.[A]sure[B]odd[C]unfortunate[D]often

8.[A]advertised[B]divided[C]overtaxed[D]headquartered

9.[A]explain[B]overstate[C]summarize[D]emphasize

10.[A]stages[B]factors[C]levels[D]methods

11.[A]desirable[B]sociable[C]reputable[D]reliable

12.[A]resumed[B]held[C]emerged[D]broke

13.[A]attribute[B]assign[C]transfer[D]compare

14.[A]serious[B]civilized[C]ambitious[D]experienced

15.[A]thus[B]instead[C]also[D]never

16.[A]rapidly[B]regularly[C]directly[D]equally

17.[A]After[B]Until[C]While[D]Since

18.[A]arrives[B]jumps[C]hints[D]strikes

19.[A]sh叩e[B]rediscover[C]simplify[D]share

20.[A]prayfor[B]leantowards[C]giveaway[D]sendact

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.Mark

youranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

It'struethathigh-schoolcodingclassesaren'tessentialforlearningcomputerscienceincollege.

Studentswithoutexperiencecancatchupafterafewintroductorycourses,saidTomCortina,the

assistantdeanatCarnegieMellon'sSchoolofComputerScience.

However,Cortinasaid,earlyexposureisbeneficial.Whenyoungerkidslearncomputerscience,they

learnthatit'snotjustaconfusing,endlessstringoflettersandnumbers-butatooltobuildapps,orcreate

artwork,ortesthypotheses.Itsnotashardforthemtotransformtheirthoughtprocessesasitisforolder

students.Breakingdownproblemsintobite-sizedchunksandusingcodetosolvethembecomesnormal.

Givingmorechildrenthistrainingcouldincreasethenumberofpeopleinterestedinthefieldandhelpfill

thejobsgap,Cortinasaid.

Studentsalsobenefitfromlearningsomethingaboutcodingbeforetheygettocollege,where

introductorycomputer-scienceclassesarepackedtothebrim,whichcandrivetheless-experienced

or-determinedstudentsaway.

TheFlatironSchool,wherepeoplepaytolearnprogramming,startedasoneofthemanycoding

bootcampsthat'sbecomepopularforadultslookingforacareerchange.Thehigh-schoolersgetthe

samecurriculum,butHwetrytogearlessonstowardthingsthey'reinterestedin；'saidVictoriaFriedman,

aninstructor.Forinstance,oneoftheappsthestudentsaredevelopingsuggestsmoviesbasedonyour

mood.

ThestudentsintheFlatironclassprobablywon'tdropoutofhighschoolandbuildthenextFacebook.

Programminglanguageshaveaquickturnover,sothe"RubyonRails'*languagetheylearnedmaynot

evenberelevantbythetimetheyenterthejobmarket.Buttheskillstheylearn-howtothinklogically

throughaproblemandorganizetheresults-applytoanycodinglanguage,saidDeborahSeehorn,an

educationconsultantforthestateofNorthCarolina.

Indeed,theFlatironstudentsmightnotgointoITatall.Butcreatingafuturearmyofcodersisnotthe

solepurposeoftheclasses.Thesekidsaregoingtobesurroundedbycomputers-intheirpockets,intheir

offices,intheirhomes-fortherestoftheirlives,Theyoungertheylearnhowcomputersthink,howtocoax

themachineintoproducingwhattheywant-theearliertheylearnthattheyhavethepowertodothat-the

better.

21.Cortinaholdsthatearlyexposuretocomputersciencemakesiteasierto

[A]completefuturejobtraining

[B]remodelthewayofthinking

[C]formulatelogicalhypotheses

[D]perfectartworkproduction

22.Indeliveringlessonsforhigh-schoolers,Flatironhasconsideredtheir

[A]experience

[B]interest

[C]careerprospects

[D]academicbackgrounds

23.DeborahSeehornbelievesthatthesk川slearnedatFlatironwill

[A]helpstudentslearnothercomputerlanguages

[B]havetobeupgradedwhennewtechnologiescome

[C]needimprovingwhenstudentslookforjobs

[D]enablestudentstomakebigquickmoney

24.Accordingtothelastparagraph,Flatironstudentsareexpectedto

[A]bringforthinnovativecomputertechnologies

[B]staylongerintheinformationtechnologyindustry

[C]becomebetterpreparedforthedigitalizedworld

[D]competewithafuturearmyofprogrammers

25.ThewordHcoax"(Line4,Para.6)isclosestinmeaningto

[A]persuade

[B]frighten

[C]misguide

[D]challenge

Text2

Biologistsestimatethatasmanyas2millionlesserprairiechickens---akindofbirdlivingon

stretchinggrasslands-oncelentredtotheoftengreylandscapeofthemidwesternandsouthwestern

UnitedStates.Butjustsome22,000birdsremaintoday,occupyingabout16%ofthespecies'historic

range.

ThecrashwasamajorreasontheU.S.FishandWildlifeService(USFWS)decidedtoformallylistthe

birdasthreatened/'ThelesserprairiechickenisinadesperatesituationJsaidUSFWSDirectorDaniel

Ashe.Someenvironmentalists,however,weredisappointed.Theyhadpushedtheagencytodesignate

thebirdas"endangered,nastatusthatgivesfederalofficialsgreaterregulatorypowertocrackdownon

threats.ButAsheandothersarguedthatthe*'threatened"taggavethefederalgovernmentflexibilitytotry

outnew,potentiallylessconfrontationalconservationsapproaches.Inparticular,theycalledforforging

closercollaborationswithwesternstategovernments,whichareoftenuneasywithfederalaction.and

withtheprivatelandownerswhocontrolanestimated95%oftheprairiechicken'shabitat.

Undertheplan,forexample,theagencysaiditwouldnotprosecutelandownerorbusinessesthat

unintentionallykill,harm,ordisturbthebird,aslongastheyhadsignedarange-widemanagementplan

torestoreprairiechickenhabitat.NegotiatedbyUSFWSandthestates,theplanrequiresindividualsand

businessesthatdamagehabitataspartoftheiroperationstopayintoafundtoreplaceeveryacre

destroyedwith2newacresofsuitablehabitat.Thefundwillalsobeusedtocompensatelandownerswho

setasidehabitat,USFWSalsosetaninterimgoalofrestoringprairiechickenpopulationstoanannual

averageof67,000birdsoverthenext10years.AnditgivestheWesternAssociationofFishandWildlife

Agencies(WAFWA),acoalitionofstateagencies,thejobofmonitoringprogress.Overall,theideaistolet

"states"remaininthedriver'sseatformanagingthespecies,"Ashesaid.

Noteveryonebuysthewin-winrhetoric.SomeCongressmembersaretryingtoblocktheplan,andat

leastadozenindustrygroups,fourstates,andthreeenvironmentalgroupsarechallengingitinfederal

court.Notsurprisingly,doesn'tgofarenough."Thefederalgovernmentisgivingresponsibilityfor

managingthebirdtothesameindustriesthatarepushingittoextinction,*'saysbiologistJayLininger.

26.Themajorreasonforlistingthelesserprairieasthreatenedis.

[A]itsdrasticallydecreasedpopulation

[B]theunderestimateofthegrasslandacreage

[C]adesperateappealfromsomebiologists

[D]theinsistenceofprivatelandowners

27.The"threatened"tagdisappointedsomeenvironmentalistsinthatit.

[A]wasagive-intogovernmentalpressure

[B]wouldinvolvefeweragenciesinaction

[C]grantedlessfederalregulatorypower

[D]wentagainstconservationpolicies

28.ltcanbelearnedfromParagraphsthatunintentionalharm-doersw川notbeprosecutedif

they.

[A]agreetopayasumforcompensation

[B]volunteertosetupanequallybighabitat

[C]offertosupporttheWAFWAmonitoringjob

[D]promisetoraisefundsforUSFWSoperations

29.AccordingtoAshe,theleadingroleinmanagingthespeciesin.

[A]thefederalgovernment

[B]thewildlifeagencies

[C]thelandowners

[D]thestates

3O.JayLiningerwouldmostlikelysupport.

[A]industrygroups

[B]thewin-winrhetoric

[C]environmentalgroups

[D]theplanunderchallenge

Text3

Thateveryone'stoobusythesedaysisacliche.Butonespecificcomplaintismadeespecially

mournfully:There'sneveranytimetoread.

Whatmakestheproblemthornieristhattheusualtime-managementtechniquesdon'tseem

sufficient.Theweb'sfullofarticlesofferingtipsonmakingtimetoread:"GiveupTV"or℃arryabookwith

youatalltimes."Butinmyexperience,usingsuchmethodstofreeuptheodd30minutesdoesn*twork.

Sitdowntoreadandtheflywheelofwork-relatedthoughtskeepsspinning-orelseyou'resoexhausted

thatachallengingbook'sthelastthingyouneed.Themodernmind,TimParks,anovelistandcritic,

writes,"isoverwhelminglyinclinedtowardcommunication...Itisnotsimplythatoneisinterrupted;itisthat

oneisactuallyinclinedtointerruption."Deepreadingrequiresnotjusttime,butaspecialkindoftime

whichcan*tbeobtainedmerelybybecomingmoreefficient.

Infact,"becomingmoreefficient"ispartoftheproblem.Thinkingoftimeasaresourcetobe

maximisedmeansyouapproachitinstrumentally,judginganygivenmomentaswellspentonlyinsofar

asitadvancesprogresstowardsomegoal.Immersivereading,bycontrast,dependsonbeingwillingto

riskinefficiency,goallessness,eventime-wasting.Trytoslotitasato-dolistitemandyoullmanageonly

goal-focusedreading-useful,sometimes,butnotthemostfulfillingkind.HThefuturecomesatuslike

emptybottlesalonganunstoppableandnearlyinfiniteconveyorbelt,'*writesGaryEberleinhisbook

SacredTime,and"wefeelapressuretofillthesedifferent-sizedbottles(days,hours,minutes)asthey

pass,foriftheygetbywithoutbeingfilled,wewillhavewastedthem.**Nomind-setcouldbeworsefor

losingyourselfinabook.

Sowhatdoeswork?Perhapssurprisingly,schedulingregulartimesforreading.You'dthinkthismight

fueltheefficiencymind-set,butinfact,Eberlenotes,suchritualisticbehaviourhelpsus"stepoutside

time*sflow"into*'soultime.'*Youcouldlimitdistractionsbyreadingonlyphysicalbooks,oron

single-purposee-readers."Carryabookwithyouatalltimes"canactuallywork,too-providingyoudipin

oftenenough,sothatreadingbecomesthedefaultstatefromwhichyoutemporarilysurfacetotakecare

ofbusiness,beforedroppingbackdown.Onareallygoodday,itnolongerfeelsasifyou're"makingtime

toread,“butjustreading,andmakingtimeforeverythingelse.

31.Theusualtime-managementtechniquesdon'tworkbecause.

[A]whattheycanofferdoesnoteasethemodernmind

[B]whatchallengingbooksdemandisrepetitivereading

[C]whatpeopleoftenforgetiscarryingabookwiththem

[D]whatdeepreadingrequirescannotbeguaranteed

32.The"emptybottles"metaphorillustratesthatpeoplefeelapressureto.

[A]updatetheirto-dolists

[B]makepassingtimefulfilling

[C]carrytheirplansthrough

[D]pursuecarefreereading

33.Eberlewouldagreethatschedulingregulartimesforreadinghelps.

[A]encouragetheefficiencymind-set

[B]developonlinereadinghabits

[C]promoteritualisticreading

[D]achieveimmersivereading

34."Carryabookwithyouatalltimes"canworkif.

[A]readingbecomesyourprimarybusinessoftheday

[B]allthedailybusinesshasbeenpromptlydealtwith

[C]youareabletodropbacktobusinessafterreading

[D]timecanbeevenlysplitforreadingandbusiness

35.Thebesttitleforthistextcouldbe.

[A]HowtoEnjoyEasyReading

[B]HowtoFindTimetoRead

[C]HowtoSetReadingGoals

[D]HowtoReadExtensively

Text4

Againstabackdropofdrasticchangesineconomyandpopulationstructure,youngerAmericansare

drawinganew21st-centuryroadmaptosuccess,alatestpollhasfound.

Acrossgenerationallines,Americanscontinuetoprizemanyofthesametraditionalmilestonesofa

successfullife,includinggettingmarried,havingchildren,owningahome,andretiringintheirsixties.But

whileyoungandoldmostlyagreeonwhatconstitutesthefinishlineofafulfillinglife,theyofferstrikingly

differentpathsforreachingit.

Youngpeoplewhoarestillgettingstartedinlifeweremorelikelythanolderadultstoprioritize

personalfulfillmentintheirwork,tobelievetheywilladvancetheircareersmostbyregularlychanging

jobs,tofavorcommunitieswithmorepublicservicesandafasterpaceoflife,toagreethatcouplesshould

befinanciallysecurebeforegettingmarriedorhavingchildren,andtomaintainthatchildrenarebest

servedbytwoparentsworkingoutsidethehome,thesurveyfound.

Fromcareertocommunityandfamily,thesecontrastssuggestthatintheaftermathofthesearing

GreatRecession,thosejuststartingoutinlifearedefiningprioritiesandexpectationsthatwillincreasingly

spreadthroughvirtuallyallaspectsofAmericanlife,fromconsumerpreferencestohousingpatternsto

politics.

Youngandoldconvergeononekeypoint:Overwhelmingmajoritiesofbothgroupssaidtheybelieve

itisharderforyoungpeopletodaytogetstartedinlifethanitwasforearliergenerations.Whlieyounger

peoplearesomewhatmoreoptimisticthantheireldersabouttheprospectsforthosestartingouttoday,

bigmajoritiesinbothgroupsbelievethose"justgettingstartedinlife"faceatougheragood-payingjob,

startingafamily,managingdebt,andfindingaffordablehousing.

PeteSchneiderconsiderstheclimbtoughertoday.Schneider,a27-yaear-oldautotechnicianfrom

theChicagosuburbssayshestruggledtofindajobaftergraduatingfromcollege.Evennowthatheis

workingsteadily,hesaid.'11can'taffordtopaymamonthlymortgagepaymentsonmyown,soIhaveto

rentroomsouttopeopletomarkthathappen."Lookingback,heisstruckthathisparentscouldprovidea

comfortablelifefortheirchildreneventhoughneitherhadcompletedcollegewhenhewasyoung.*'lstill

grewupinanuppermiddle-classhomewithparentswhodidn*thavecollegedegrees,"Schneidersaid."I

don*tthinkpeoplearecapableofthatanymore.n

36.Onecross-generationmarkofasuccessfullifeis.

[A]tryingoutdifferentlifestyles

[B]havingafamilywithchildren

[C]workingbeyondretirementage

[D]settingupaprofitablebusiness

37.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph3thatyoungpeopletendto.

[A]favoraslowerlifepace

[B]holdanoccupationlonger

[C]attachimportancetopre-maritalfinance

[D]giveprioritytochildcareoutsidethehome

38.Theprioritiesandexpectationsdefinedbytheyoungwill.

[A]becomeincreasinglyclear

[B]focusonmaterialisticissues

[C]dependlargelyonpoliticalpreferences

[D]reachalmostallaspectsofAmericanlife

39.Bothyoungandoldagreethat.

[A]good-payingjobsarelessavailable

[B]theoldmademorelifeachievements

[C]housingloanstodayareeasytoobtain

[D]gettingestablishedisharderfortheyoung

40.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutSchneider?

[A]Hefoundadreamjobaftergraduatingfromcollege

[B]Hisparentsbelieveworkingsteadilyisamustforsuccess

[C]Hisparents*goodlifehaslittletodowithacollegedegree

[D]Hethinkshisjobasatechnicianquitechallenging

PartB

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthe

listA-Gforeachnumberedparagraphs(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneed

touse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

[A]Besilly

[B]Havefun

[C]Askforhelp

[D]Expressyouremotions.

[E]Don'toverthinkit

[F]Beeasilypleased

[G]Noticethings

ActYourShoeSize,NotYourAge.

(1)Asadults,itseemsthatwe'reconstantlypursuinghappiness,oftenwithmixedresults.Yet

childrenappeartohaveitdowntoanart-andforthemostparttheydon*tneedself-helpbooksortherapy.

Instead,theylookaftertheirwellbeinginstinctivelyandusuallymoreeffectivelythanwedoasgrownups.

Perhapsit'stimetolearnafewlessonsfromthem.

41[D]Expressyouremotions

(2)Whatdoesachilddowhenhe'ssad?Hecries.Whenhe'sangry?Heshouts.Scared?Probablya

bitofboth.Aswegrowup,welearntocontrolouremotionssotheyaremanageableanddon'tdictateour

behaviours,whichisinmanywaysagoodthing.Buttoooftenwetakethisprocesstoofarandendup

suppressingemotions,especiallynegativeones.Thafsaboutaseffectiveasbrushingdirtunderacarpet

andcanevenmakeusill.Whatwefeelappropriatelyandthen-again,likechildren-moveon.

42[F]Beeasilypleased

AcoupleofChristmasesago,myyoungeststepdaughter,whowas9yearsoldatthetime,gota

SupermanT-shirtforChristmas.Itcostlessthanafiverbutshewasoverjoyed,andcouldn'tbiggerhouse

orbettercarw川bethemagicsilverbulletthatw川allowustofinallybecontent,buttherealityisthese

thingshavelittlelastingimpactonourhappinesslevels.Instead,beinggratefulforsmallthingseveryday

isamuchbetterwaytoimprovewellbeing.

43[A]Besilly

Haveyouevernoticedhowmuchchildrenlaugh?Ifweadultscouldindulgeinabitofsillinessand

giggling,wewouldreducethestresshormonesinourbodies,increasegoodhormoneslikeendorphins,

improvebloodflowtoourheartsandeverhaveagreaterchanceoffightingoffinfection.Allofwhich

would,ofcourse,haveapositiveeffectonourhappinesslevels.

44[B]Havefun

Theproblemwithbeingagrownupisthatthere'sanawfullotofseriousstufftodealwith-work,

mortgagepayments,figuringoutwhattocookfordinner.Butasadultswealsohavetheluxuryofbeing

abletocontrolourowndiariesandit*simportantthatwescheduleintimetoenjoythethingwelove.

Thosethingsmightbesocial,sporting,creativeorcompletelyrandom(dancingaroundthelivingroom,

anyone?)-itdoesn'tmatter,solongasthey'reenjoyable,andnotlikelytohavenegativesideeffects,such

asdrinkingtoomuchalcoholorgoingonawildspendingspreeifyou'reonatightbudget.

45[E]Don*toverthinkit

Havingsaidalloftheabove,it'simportanttoaddthatweshouldn'ttrytoohardtobehappy.Scientists

tellusthiscanbackfireandactuallyhaveanegativeimpactonourwellbeing.AstheChinesephilosopher

ChuangTzuisreportedtohavesaid:"Happinessistheabsenceofstrivingforhappiness."Andinthat,

oncemore,weneedtolooktotheexampleofourchildren,towhomhappinessisnotagoalbutanatural

byproductofthewaytheylive.

SectionIIITranslation

Directions:

TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)

Thesupermarketisdesignedtolurecustomersintospendingasmuchtimeaspossiblewithinits

doors.Thereasonforthisissimple:Thelongeryoustayinthestore,themorestuffyou'llsee,andthe

morestuffyousee,themoreyou'llbuy.Andsupermarketscontainalotofstuff.Theaveragesupermarket,

accordingtotheFoodMarketingInstitute,carriessome44,000differentitems,andmanycarrytensof

thousandsmore.Thesheervolumeofavailablechoiceisenoughtosendshoppersintoastateof

informationoverload.Accordingtobrain-scanexperiments,thedemandsofsomuchdecision-making

quicklybecometoomuchforus.Afterabout40minutesofshopping,mostpeoplestopstrugglingtobe

rationallyselective,andinsteadbeganshoppingemotionally-whichisthepointatwhichweaccumulate

the50percentofstuffinourcartthatweneverintendedbuying.

【参考译文】

超市旨在吸引顾客在自己店内停留尽量长的时间。原因很简单：顾客在店里停留的时间越长，看到的

商品就会越多；而看到的商品越多，你就会买的越多。超市有大量商品。根据食品营销研究院所说，普通

超市大概有44000种不同的商品；很多超市更是会比普通超市多上万种商品。众多选择足以让顾客面临各

种信息，不堪重负。根据脑部扫描实验，需要做这么多的决定很快就会使我们难以承受。大约购物40分钟

以后，大部分顾客就无法试图做出理性的选择，而会冲动购物-此时，在购物车里，我们已经装了一半根本

没想买的东西。

SectionIVWriting

PartA

47.Directions:

Supposeyouwonatranslationcontestandyourfriend,Jack,wrote