高考英语一轮复习练案14必修3Module2DevelopingandDevelopedCountries练习含解析外研版

一轮复习精品资料(高中)PAGEPAGE1必修三Module2DevelopingandDevelopedCountriesⅠ.阅读理解A(2020·山西太原市高三阶段测评)Nothingsucceedslikesuccess,aseveryparentofastraight­Astudentknows,buttryingtostressacademicexcellencebytellingyourchild“You'resosmart！”maybecounterproductive.Why?Accordingtoa2017study,childrenwhothinktheirintelligenceisfixedarelesslikelytopayattentiontoandbounceback(重整旗鼓)frommistakesthanchildrenwhothinkintelligencecangrowandchange.Inthestudy,researcherslookedat123children.Theteamassessedthechildrentodeterminewhethertheyhada“growthmindset”(believingthatyoucanworkhardertogetsmarter),ora“fixedmindset”(believingthatyourintelligenceisunabletochange)．Theythenaskedthechildrentocompleteafast­pacedcomputeraccuracytaskwhiletheirbrainactivitywasrecorded.Duringtherecording,researchersnotedthatbrainactivitystoppedwithinahalf­secondaftermakingamistake,aschildrenbecameawareoftheirmistakeandpaidcloserattentiontowhatwentwrong.Thelargerthebrainresponsewas,themorethechildfocusedonthemistake.Basedonthedata,theyconcludedthatchildrenwitha“growthmindset”weremuchmorelikelytohavealargerbrainresponseaftermakingamistake.Whilechildrenwitha“fixedmindset”wereableto“bounceback”，onlyiftheygavetheirfullattentiontothemistake.Forparents,thelessonsareclear:Don'tpayyourchildrencomplimentsthatsuggestthatintelligenceisfixed.IfyourchildrenhandsyouanA＋score,don'tsay,“You'resosmart！”Instead,say,“Wow,thatstudyingreallypaidoff！”or“Youclearlymasteredthismaterial—waytogo！”Notetheeffort,nottheintelligence.Besides,manyparentsshyawayfromaddressingtheirchildren'smistakes,tellingthem“It'sOK.You'llgetitthenexttime”withoutofferingthemthechancestofigureoutwhatgoeswrong.Instead,it'sbettertoreassureyourchildrenthatmistakeshappen,andworktofigureoutwhereandhowtheymakethemistake.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。主要讲了父母要留意孩子的努力而非智力，在孩子犯错后，父母要引导孩子正确地对待错误。1．Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“counterproductive”underlinedinParagraph1？AA．Opposite. B．Competitive.C．Successful. D．Unknown.〖解析〗词义猜测题。根据第一段最后一句“Accordingtoa2017study，childrenwhothinktheirintelligenceisfixedarelesslikelytopayattentiontoandbounceback(重整旗鼓)frommistakesthanchildrenwhothinkintelligencecangrowandchange.”可知，根据2017年的一项研究，那些认为自己的智力是固定的孩子比那些认为智力是可以成长和改变的孩子更不可能将注意力集中于错误，并从错误中振作起来。再结合语境可推知，画线词与A项“相反的”含义相近。2．Howdidthechildrenwitha“growthmindset”reactinthestudy?DA．Theymadefewermistakes.B．Theytriedtoavoidmistakes.C．Theyhadasmallerbrainresponse.D．Theyfocusedmoreonthemistake.〖解析〗推理判断题。根据第二段倒数第三句“Thelargerthebrainresponsewas,themorethechildfocusedonthemistake.”和倒数第二句“Basedonthedata，theyconcludedthatchildrenwithagrowthmindsetweremuchmorelikelytohavealargerbrainresponseaftermakingamistake.”可推知，具有“成长思维模式”的孩子更加关注其所犯的错误。3．Whatshouldbeavoidedaccordingtothestudy？AA．Overemphasizingtheintelligence.B．Payingchildrencompliments.C．Addressingchildren'smistakes.D．Offeringchancestofindmistakes.〖解析〗细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Notetheeffort，nottheintelligence.”可知，应避免过分强调智力。4．Whatshouldparentssaywhenchildrenmakeamistakeaccordingtothetext？DA．Youaresocareless.B．Yourstudyingpaidoff.C．Yon'Ilgetitthenexttime.D．Let'sfindouthowyoumadeit.〖解析〗细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“Instead，it'sbettertoreassureyourchildrenthatmistakeshappen，andworktofigureoutwhereandhowtheymakethemistake.”可知，当孩子犯错误时，父母应与其一起弄清错的地方以及如何犯错的。B(2021·山东省日照市高三考试)Whenalaptoporsmartphonebatterystartslosingitspower，theonlyoptionsaretobuyanexpensivereplacement，orjustkeepitpluggedinallthetime.ButawomanMyaLeThaimayhavefoundtheanswertothisproblem.Thaiwasfrustratedthatthebatteriesforherwirelessdevicesdegraded(降级)overtime，untiltheyfailedtochargefully.Shedidnotlikehavingtokeepherlaptopconnectedtoanelectricaloutlettokeepitpoweredon.So，shedecidedtodosomethingaboutthatproblem.Atfirst，sheandherteamatUCIrvinethoughtaboutinventinganewbattery.Butastheyexperimented，Thaidiscoveredsomethingthatmightpermitlithium­ion(锂离子)batteriestolastforever.Lithium­ionbatteriespowermostwirelessdevices.Overtime，thebatterieslosetheabilitytoholdacharge.Mostofthesebatterieshavealifespanofabout7,000chargingcyclesbeforetheydie.Oneofthereasonslithium­ionbatteriesdegradeistheiruseofnanowirestocarryelectricity.Nanowiresareextremelythin.Ahumanhairisthousandsoftimesthicker，forexample.Nanowiresareextremelyefficientcarriersofelectricity，whichmakesthemusefulinbatteries.But，Thaihadatheory—thenanowiresmightlastlongerifcoveredwithagel(凝胶)．Sheandherteamtestedthistheory.“Itwasalongprocessandalotofwork，”Thaisaid.Theteamtriedmanycoveringsforthewires.PMMA，atypeofplastic，wasoneofthem.ThenanowireswerecoatedwithPMMAandcycledthroughcharges200,000times.ThePMMA­coatednanowiresshowednoevidenceofdamage.Theresultssuggestthatbatteriescouldlastforever，withoutlosingchargingability.Thaihopestocontinueherresearchtounderstandwhythisgelworkssowellandtoseeifanyothergelcouldcreatebetterresultsandsheisenjoyingthepublicityaboutherdiscovery.Shesaidsheneverexpectedherresearchtogetmediacoverage.“It'skindofcool，”shesaid.“I'mreallygladpeopleareshowinginterestinmyworkandnotjustintheworkitself，butalsointechnologyandenergy.”文章大意：本文是一篇科技类短文阅读。文章主要讲述一位名叫MyaLeThai女士研发出可永久循环使用电池。5．WhydidMyaLeThaiworkonlithium­ionbatteries？DA．Shedislikedthebatteriesforherlaptop.B．Herteamwereassignedtoinventanewbattery.C．Manypeoplethoughtbatteriesweretooexpensive.D．Thebatterieswouldsoonlosethefunctiontochargefully.〖解析〗细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Thaiwasfrustratedthatthebatteriesforherwirelessdevicesdegraded(降级)overtime，untiltheyfailedtochargefully.Shedidnotlikehavingtokeepherlaptopconnectedtoanelectricaloutlettokeepitpoweredon.So,shedecidedtodosomethingaboutthatproblem.”可知，Thai研究锂电池是因为她的无线设备的电池完全失去了充电功能。故选D。6．Whatcanweinferaboutnanowires？DA．Theylastonly7,000chargingcycles.B．Theyaretooweaktocarryelectricity.C．Theyarenotsuitabletouseinbatteries.D．Theirthinnessisacauseofbatteriesdegrade.〖解析〗细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Oneofthereasonslithium­ionbatteriesdegradeistheiruseofnanowirestocarryelectricity.Nanowiresareextremelythin.”可知，用来电力输送的纳米线极其的细，导致了电池的降级。故选D。7．WhatmightbeThaiandherteam'sbreakthrough？AA．Coatingnanowiresingel.B．Anewkindofbattery.C．Newmaterialsforbatteries.D．Anewwayofchargingbatteries.〖解析〗细节理解题。根据文章第四段“ThenanowireswerecoatedwithPMMAandcycledthroughcharges200,000times.ThePMMA­coatednanowiresshowednoevidenceofdamage.Theresultssuggestthatbatteriescouldlastforever,withoutlosingchargingability.”可知，Thai和她的团队在纳米线上裹上PMMA并循环充电20万次，没有损坏的迹象，且没有失去充电能力，说明Thai和她的团队在此方面取得了突破。故选A。8．Whatmaybethebesttitleforthepassage？BA．TheoptionsofbatteriesforwirelessdevicesB．Awomaninventsalife­longbatteryC．MyaLeThaidiscoveredNanowires D．Thereasonsforbatteriesdegrading〖解析〗标题判断题。根据文章第一段“Whenalaptoporsmartphonebatterystartslosingitspower,theonlyoptionsaretobuyanexpensivereplacement,orjustkeepitpluggedinallthetime.ButawomanMyaLeThaimayhavefoundtheanswertothisproblem.”和全文内容可知，本文主要讲述一位名叫MyaLeThai女士研发出可永久循环使用电池。故选B。Ⅱ.七选五根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余项。Perhapsyouhaveheardtheexpression“WheninRomedoastheRomansdo.”SowhenyouwanttodobusinessinFrance,youhavetogettoknowFrenchculture,makemarketingplans,andrunyourbusinessbylocallaws.1.GTheFrenchtakegreatprideintheirlanguage,soanyonewhodoesnotspeakitmayruntheriskofbeingdisrespectedbyhisFrenchcolleaguesorbusinesspartners.Also,anotherreasonwhylearningFrenchisimportantisthatitisagreatwaytoshoweverypossibleFrenchbusinesspartnerthatyoucareandrespecttheircountry'scultureandlanguage.Thefirstthingthatyoushoulddowhenmeetingsomeonenewisshakehishandfirmlyandalwayslookatthepersonintheeye.Insocialmeetingswithfriends,kissingiscommon.Usefirstnamesonlyafterbeinginvitedto.2.CTheFrenchwillsometimesintroducethemselvesusingtheirsurnamefirst,followedbytheirfirstname.Dresswell.3.FYourbusinessclothingisareflectionofyoursuccessandsocialstatus.Alwaystrytobetastefulandstylish.Womenareadvisedtodresssimplybutelegantly.Wearingmake­upispracticedwidelybybusinesswomen.TheFrencharepassionateaboutfood,solunchesarecommonindoingbusinessinFrance,whichusuallyconsistofanappetizer,amainmealwithwine,cheese,dessertandcoffee,andnormallytakeuptotwohours.4.BDonotbegineatinguntilthehostsays“bonappetite”．Passdishestotheleft,keepwristsabovethetableandtrytoeateverythingontheplate.5.DThismaysuggestthatyoufindthefoodtasteless.Ifeatinginarestaurant,thepersonwhomakesaninvitationalwayspays.A．Remembertobeaspoliteaspossible.B．Thisisatimeforrelationshipbuilding.C．UseMonsieurorMadamebeforethesurname.D．Becarefulwithaddingsalt,pepperorsaucestoyourfood.E．Makeanappointmentwithyourbusinesspartnerinadvance.F．TheFrenchdrawinformationaboutpeoplebasedontheirappearance.G．LanguageshouldbethefocusofanyoneplanningtodobusinessinFrance.文章大意：任何人如果想在法国做生意，都要了解法国的文化，做到入乡随俗。〖解析〗1．根据本段后面的内容可知，法国人为他们的语言感到骄傲，所以想在法国做生意，学习法语是很重要的。G项“任何打算在法国做生意的人都应该关注语言。”与下文联系紧密。故选G。2．结合空处前后的内容可以看出，本段就名字的使用提出了建议，而与名字的使用相关的是C项“在姓之前使用先生或夫人。”故选C。3．本段的中心句是第一句“Dresswell.”，接着就服饰方面提出了一些建议。故空处应选择F项“法国人根据人们的外表来获取信息。”。4．根据本段第一句可知，法国人酷爱食物，在法国做生意时，共进午餐是很常见的，且午餐用时多达两个小时。那么，共进午餐的时间也是建立关系的时间，B项符合语境。故本题选B。5．本段就餐桌礼仪方面提出了建议。D项“在食物中加入盐、胡椒粉或酱汁时要小心。”与下一句“这可能表明你觉得饭菜没味儿。”衔接紧密。故本空选D。Ⅲ.语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。(2020·甘肃省天水一中第一次考试)Atthebeginning,writtenChinesewasapicture­basedlanguage.Itdatesbackseveralthousandyearstotheuseofanimalbonesandshellsonwhichsymbols1.werecarved(carve)byancientChinesepeople.Someoftheancientsymbolscanstillbeseenintoday'shanzi.BytheShangDynasty，thesesymbols2.hadbecome(become)awell­developedwritingsystem.Overtheyears,thesystemdevelopedintodifferentforms，asitwasatimewhenpeopleweredividedgeographically,3.leading(lead)tomanyvarietiesofdialectscharacters.This，4.however，changedundertheruleofEmperorQinshihuangoftheQinDynasty.EmperorQinshihuangmadethesevenmajorstatesintoone5.united(unite)countrywheretheChinesewritingsystembegantodevelopinonedirection.Thatwritingsystemwas6.ofgreatimportanceinunitingtheChinesepeopleandculture.Eventoday,nomatterwhereChinesepeopleliveor7.whatdialecttheyspeak,theycanallstillcommunicate8.easily(easy)inwriting.WrittenChinesehasalsobecomeanimportantmeansby9.whichChina'spresentisconnectedwithitspast.Peopleinmoderntimescanreadtheclassic10.works(work)whichwerewrittenbyChineseinancienttimes.ThehighregardfortheChinesewritingsystemcanbeseeninthedevelopmentofChinesecharactersasanartform,knownasChinesecalligraphy,whichhasbecomeanimportantpartofChineseculture.文章大意：这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了汉字的起源和发展。〖解析〗1．考查时态和语态。句意：它可以追溯到几千年前使用的动物骨头和贝壳，古代中国人在上面雕刻符号。描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时，“符号”和“雕刻”之间是被动关系，用被动语态。所以填werecarved。2．考查时态。句意：到了商代，这些符号已经成为一种很发达的文字系统。表示发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。所以填hadbecome。3．考查非谓语动词。空格前面句子“……地理分割”和“导致”之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。所以填leading。4．考查副词。句意：然而，在秦始皇的统治下，这种情况发生了改变。文中表示转折关系。所以填however。5．考查形容词。句意：秦始皇把七个主要国家统一为一个国家，中国的文字系统开始朝一个方向发展。该空修饰名词country，用形容词。所以填united。6．考查固定短语。句意：这种文字系统对中国人民和中国文化的融合具有重要意义。ofgreatimportance有重要意义，该短语是固定短语。所以填of。7．考查句意理解。句意：即使在今天，无论中国人住在哪里，说什么方言，他们都可以很容易地用书面交流。文中表示“说什么方言”。所以填what。8．考查副词。句意：即使在今天，无论中国人住在哪里，说什么方言，他们都可以很容易地用书面交流。修饰动词communicate，用副词。所以填easily。9．考查定语从句。句意：书面汉语也成为中国的现在与过去联系的重要手段。“by9China'spresentisconnectedwithitspast”是一个“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，修饰先行词means，“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，指物，只能用which。所以填which。10．考查名词。句意：现代人可以读到中国古代的经典著作。文中表示“中国古代的经典著作”，用名词。所以填works。Ⅳ.短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加，删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用(\)划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。(2021·广东省深圳市高级中学高三年级模考)Asweallknow,overseventypercentofourplanetarecoveredbysea,whereisrichinsaltaswellasfish.What'smore,thereisagreatdealofoilorgasunderthesea.Inotherwords,theseaistheplacewithsomanyimportantthingswelivein.However,withtheworldpopulationincreasedrapidly,overfishinghasbecomeaseriousproblem.Everydayalotofrubbishesandwastewaterarepouredintothesea,sotheseaisbadpolluted.Asaresult,thenumberoffishhasobviouslydecreased.Besides,somearedyingoutorhavebeendiedout.Therefore,itistimeforeverybodyprotectthesea.〖答案〗Asweallknow,overseventypercentofourplaneteq\o(are,\s\do8(is))coveredbysea,eq\o(where,\s\do8(which))isrichinsaltaswellasfish.What'smore,thereisagreatdealofoileq\o(or,\s\do8(and))gasunderthesea.Inotherwords,theseaiseq\o(the,\s\do8(a))placewithsomanyimportantthingsweliveseq\o(in,\s\do8(on)).However,withtheworldpopulationeq\o(increased,\s\do8(increasing))rapidly,overfishinghasbecomeaseriousproblem.Everydayalotofeq\o(rubbishes,\s\do8(rubbish))andwastewaterarepouredintothesea,sotheseaiseq\o(bad,\s\do8(badly))polluted.Asaresult,thenumberoffishhasobviouslydecreased.Besides,somearedyingoutorhavebeendiedout.Therefore,itistimeforeverybodyeq\o(∧,\s\do8(to))protectthesea.〖解析〗1．考查主谓一致。句意：众所周知，我们地球百分之七十被海水覆盖。本句主语是不可数名词overseventypercentofourplanet，谓语动词应该使用单数形式。所以要把are改为is。2．考查定语从句。句意：众所周知，我们地球百分之七十被海水覆盖，它富含盐和鱼。本句的先行词是sea，关系代词which指代先行词，引导定语从句并在句中做主语。而where在句中作状语。所以要把where改为which。3．考查连词。句意：而且，在大海下面有很多的石油和天然气。连词and表示并列关系，通常用在肯定句里。而or表示并列通常用于疑问句否定句里。所以要把or改为and。4．考查冠词。句意：大海是一个有很多我们赖以生存的东西的地方。根据句意可知应该表示泛指，应该使用不定冠词a表示泛指，而定冠词the表示特指。所以要把the改为a。5．考查介词。句意：大海是一个有很多我们赖以生存的东西的地方。动词短语liveon“以……为生”。所以要把in改为on。6．考查非谓语动词。句意：随着世界人口的迅速增加，过度捕鱼成为一个严重的问题。介词with的宾语theworldpopulation与动词increase构成主动关系，要用现在分词increasing充当补足语。所以要把increased改为increasing。7．考查名词的数。句意：每天都有很多垃圾和污水被倾倒进大海。名词rubbish意为“垃圾”，是不可数名词，没有复数形式。所以要把rubbishes改为rubbish。8．考查副词。句意：每天都有很多垃圾和污水被倾倒进大海，大海被污染得很严重。副词通常作状语修饰形容词、副词、动词或整个句子，形容词通常作定语修饰名词或代词。句中应该使用副词做状语修饰谓语ispolluted。所以要把bad改为badly。9．考查动词的语态。句意：而且，一些鱼将要“灭绝”或已经灭绝了。动词短语dieout“灭绝”，没有被动语态。所以要删除been。10．考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，现在是每个人保护大海的时候了。句中使用了不定式复合结构forsbtodosth.。所以要在everybody后加to。必修三Module2DevelopingandDevelopedCountriesⅠ.阅读理解A(2020·山西太原市高三阶段测评)Nothingsucceedslikesuccess,aseveryparentofastraight­Astudentknows,buttryingtostressacademicexcellencebytellingyourchild“You'resosmart！”maybecounterproductive.Why?Accordingtoa2017study,childrenwhothinktheirintelligenceisfixedarelesslikelytopayattentiontoandbounceback(重整旗鼓)frommistakesthanchildrenwhothinkintelligencecangrowandchange.Inthestudy,researcherslookedat123children.Theteamassessedthechildrentodeterminewhethertheyhada“growthmindset”(believingthatyoucanworkhardertogetsmarter),ora“fixedmindset”(believingthatyourintelligenceisunabletochange)．Theythenaskedthechildrentocompleteafast­pacedcomputeraccuracytaskwhiletheirbrainactivitywasrecorded.Duringtherecording,researchersnotedthatbrainactivitystoppedwithinahalf­secondaftermakingamistake,aschildrenbecameawareoftheirmistakeandpaidcloserattentiontowhatwentwrong.Thelargerthebrainresponsewas,themorethechildfocusedonthemistake.Basedonthedata,theyconcludedthatchildrenwitha“growthmindset”weremuchmorelikelytohavealargerbrainresponseaftermakingamistake.Whilechildrenwitha“fixedmindset”wereableto“bounceback”，onlyiftheygavetheirfullattentiontothemistake.Forparents,thelessonsareclear:Don'tpayyourchildrencomplimentsthatsuggestthatintelligenceisfixed.IfyourchildrenhandsyouanA＋score,don'tsay,“You'resosmart！”Instead,say,“Wow,thatstudyingreallypaidoff！”or“Youclearlymasteredthismaterial—waytogo！”Notetheeffort,nottheintelligence.Besides,manyparentsshyawayfromaddressingtheirchildren'smistakes,tellingthem“It'sOK.You'llgetitthenexttime”withoutofferingthemthechancestofigureoutwhatgoeswrong.Instead,it'sbettertoreassureyourchildrenthatmistakeshappen,andworktofigureoutwhereandhowtheymakethemistake.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。主要讲了父母要留意孩子的努力而非智力，在孩子犯错后，父母要引导孩子正确地对待错误。1．Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“counterproductive”underlinedinParagraph1？AA．Opposite. B．Competitive.C．Successful. D．Unknown.〖解析〗词义猜测题。根据第一段最后一句“Accordingtoa2017study，childrenwhothinktheirintelligenceisfixedarelesslikelytopayattentiontoandbounceback(重整旗鼓)frommistakesthanchildrenwhothinkintelligencecangrowandchange.”可知，根据2017年的一项研究，那些认为自己的智力是固定的孩子比那些认为智力是可以成长和改变的孩子更不可能将注意力集中于错误，并从错误中振作起来。再结合语境可推知，画线词与A项“相反的”含义相近。2．Howdidthechildrenwitha“growthmindset”reactinthestudy?DA．Theymadefewermistakes.B．Theytriedtoavoidmistakes.C．Theyhadasmallerbrainresponse.D．Theyfocusedmoreonthemistake.〖解析〗推理判断题。根据第二段倒数第三句“Thelargerthebrainresponsewas,themorethechildfocusedonthemistake.”和倒数第二句“Basedonthedata，theyconcludedthatchildrenwithagrowthmindsetweremuchmorelikelytohavealargerbrainresponseaftermakingamistake.”可推知，具有“成长思维模式”的孩子更加关注其所犯的错误。3．Whatshouldbeavoidedaccordingtothestudy？AA．Overemphasizingtheintelligence.B．Payingchildrencompliments.C．Addressingchildren'smistakes.D．Offeringchancestofindmistakes.〖解析〗细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Notetheeffort，nottheintelligence.”可知，应避免过分强调智力。4．Whatshouldparentssaywhenchildrenmakeamistakeaccordingtothetext？DA．Youaresocareless.B．Yourstudyingpaidoff.C．Yon'Ilgetitthenexttime.D．Let'sfindouthowyoumadeit.〖解析〗细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“Instead，it'sbettertoreassureyourchildrenthatmistakeshappen，andworktofigureoutwhereandhowtheymakethemistake.”可知，当孩子犯错误时，父母应与其一起弄清错的地方以及如何犯错的。B(2021·山东省日照市高三考试)Whenalaptoporsmartphonebatterystartslosingitspower，theonlyoptionsaretobuyanexpensivereplacement，orjustkeepitpluggedinallthetime.ButawomanMyaLeThaimayhavefoundtheanswertothisproblem.Thaiwasfrustratedthatthebatteriesforherwirelessdevicesdegraded(降级)overtime，untiltheyfailedtochargefully.Shedidnotlikehavingtokeepherlaptopconnectedtoanelectricaloutlettokeepitpoweredon.So，shedecidedtodosomethingaboutthatproblem.Atfirst，sheandherteamatUCIrvinethoughtaboutinventinganewbattery.Butastheyexperimented，Thaidiscoveredsomethingthatmightpermitlithium­ion(锂离子)batteriestolastforever.Lithium­ionbatteriespowermostwirelessdevices.Overtime，thebatterieslosetheabilitytoholdacharge.Mostofthesebatterieshavealifespanofabout7,000chargingcyclesbeforetheydie.Oneofthereasonslithium­ionbatteriesdegradeistheiruseofnanowirestocarryelectricity.Nanowiresareextremelythin.Ahumanhairisthousandsoftimesthicker，forexample.Nanowiresareextremelyefficientcarriersofelectricity，whichmakesthemusefulinbatteries.But，Thaihadatheory—thenanowiresmightlastlongerifcoveredwithagel(凝胶)．Sheandherteamtestedthistheory.“Itwasalongprocessandalotofwork，”Thaisaid.Theteamtriedmanycoveringsforthewires.PMMA，atypeofplastic，wasoneofthem.ThenanowireswerecoatedwithPMMAandcycledthroughcharges200,000times.ThePMMA­coatednanowiresshowednoevidenceofdamage.Theresultssuggestthatbatteriescouldlastforever，withoutlosingchargingability.Thaihopestocontinueherresearchtounderstandwhythisgelworkssowellandtoseeifanyothergelcouldcreatebetterresultsandsheisenjoyingthepublicityaboutherdiscovery.Shesaidsheneverexpectedherresearchtogetmediacoverage.“It'skindofcool，”shesaid.“I'mreallygladpeopleareshowinginterestinmyworkandnotjustintheworkitself，butalsointechnologyandenergy.”文章大意：本文是一篇科技类短文阅读。文章主要讲述一位名叫MyaLeThai女士研发出可永久循环使用电池。5．WhydidMyaLeThaiworkonlithium­ionbatteries？DA．Shedislikedthebatteriesforherlaptop.B．Herteamwereassignedtoinventanewbattery.C．Manypeoplethoughtbatteriesweretooexpensive.D．Thebatterieswouldsoonlosethefunctiontochargefully.〖解析〗细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Thaiwasfrustratedthatthebatteriesforherwirelessdevicesdegraded(降级)overtime，untiltheyfailedtochargefully.Shedidnotlikehavingtokeepherlaptopconnectedtoanelectricaloutlettokeepitpoweredon.So,shedecidedtodosomethingaboutthatproblem.”可知，Thai研究锂电池是因为她的无线设备的电池完全失去了充电功能。故选D。6．Whatcanweinferaboutnanowires？DA．Theylastonly7,000chargingcycles.B．Theyaretooweaktocarryelectricity.C．Theyarenotsuitabletouseinbatteries.D．Theirthinnessisacauseofbatteriesdegrade.〖解析〗细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Oneofthereasonslithium­ionbatteriesdegradeistheiruseofnanowirestocarryelectricity.Nanowiresareextremelythin.”可知，用来电力输送的纳米线极其的细，导致了电池的降级。故选D。7．WhatmightbeThaiandherteam'sbreakthrough？AA．Coatingnanowiresingel.B．Anewkindofbattery.C．Newmaterialsforbatteries.D．Anewwayofchargingbatteries.〖解析〗细节理解题。根据文章第四段“ThenanowireswerecoatedwithPMMAandcycledthroughcharges200,000times.ThePMMA­coatednanowiresshowednoevidenceofdamage.Theresultssuggestthatbatteriescouldlastforever,withoutlosingchargingability.”可知，Thai和她的团队在纳米线上裹上PMMA并循环充电20万次，没有损坏的迹象，且没有失去充电能力，说明Thai和她的团队在此方面取得了突破。故选A。8．Whatmaybethebesttitleforthepassage？BA．TheoptionsofbatteriesforwirelessdevicesB．Awomaninventsalife­longbatteryC．MyaLeThaidiscoveredNanowires D．Thereasonsforbatteriesdegrading〖解析〗标题判断题。根据文章第一段“Whenalaptoporsmartphonebatterystartslosingitspower,theonlyoptionsaretobuyanexpensivereplacement,orjustkeepitpluggedinallthetime.ButawomanMyaLeThaimayhavefoundtheanswertothisproblem.”和全文内容可知，本文主要讲述一位名叫MyaLeThai女士研发出可永久循环使用电池。故选B。Ⅱ.七选五根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余项。Perhapsyouhaveheardtheexpression“WheninRomedoastheRomansdo.”SowhenyouwanttodobusinessinFrance,youhavetogettoknowFrenchculture,makemarketingplans,andrunyourbusinessbylocallaws.1.GTheFrenchtakegreatprideintheirlanguage,soanyonewhodoesnotspeakitmayruntheriskofbeingdisrespectedbyhisFrenchcolleaguesorbusinesspartners.Also,anotherreasonwhylearningFrenchisimportantisthatitisagreatwaytoshoweverypossibleFrenchbusinesspartnerthatyoucareandrespecttheircountry'scultureandlanguage.Thefirstthingthatyoushoulddowhenmeetingsomeonenewisshakehishandfirmlyandalwayslookatthepersonintheeye.Insocialmeetingswithfriends,kissingiscommon.Usefirstnamesonlyafterbeinginvitedto.2.CTheFrenchwillsometimesintroducethemselvesusingtheirsurnamefirst,followedbytheirfirstname.Dresswell.3.FYourbusinessclothingisareflectionofyoursuccessandsocialstatus.Alwaystrytobetastefulandstylish.Womenareadvisedtodresssimplybutelegantly.Wearingmake­upispracticedwidelybybusinesswomen.TheFrencharepassionateaboutfood,solunchesarecommonindoingbusinessinFrance,whichusuallyconsistofanappetizer,amainmealwithwine,cheese,dessertandcoffee,andnormallytakeuptotwohours.4.BDonotbegineatinguntilthehostsays“bonappetite”．Passdishestotheleft,keepwristsabovethetableandtrytoeateverythingontheplate.5.DThismaysuggestthatyoufindthefoodtasteless.Ifeatinginarestaurant,thepersonwhomakesaninvitationalwayspays.A．Remembertobeaspoliteaspossible.B．Thisisatimeforrelationshipbuilding.C．UseMonsieurorMadamebeforethesurname.D．Becarefulwithaddingsalt,pepperorsaucestoyourfood.E．Makeanappointmentwithyourbusinesspartnerinadvance.F．TheFrenchdrawinformationaboutpeoplebasedontheirappearance.G．LanguageshouldbethefocusofanyoneplanningtodobusinessinFrance.文章大意：任何人如果想在法国做生意，都要了解法国的文化，做到入乡随俗。〖解析〗1．根据本段后面的内容可知，法国人为他们的语言感到骄傲，所以想在法国做生意，学习法语是很重要的。G项“任何打算在法国做生意的人都应该关注语言。”与下文联系紧密。故选G。2．结合空处前后的内容可以看出，本段就名字的使用提出了建议，而与名字的使用相关的是C项“在姓之前使用先生或夫人。”故选C。3．本段的中心句是第一句“Dresswell.”，接着就服饰方面提出了一些建议。故空处应选择F项“法国人根据人们的外表来获取信息。”。4．根据本段第一句可知，法国人酷爱食物，在法国做生意时，共进午餐是很常见的，且午餐用时多达两个小时。那么，共进午餐的时间也是建立关系的时间，B项符合语境。故本题选B。5．本段就餐桌礼仪方面提出了建议。D项“在食物中加入盐、胡椒粉或酱汁时要小心。”与下一句“这可能表明你觉得饭菜没味儿。”衔接紧密。故本空选D。Ⅲ.语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。(2020·甘肃省天水一中第一次考试)Atthebeginning,writtenChinesewasapicture­basedlanguage.Itdatesbackseveralthousandyearstotheuseofanimalbonesandshellsonwhichsymbols1.werecarved(carve)byancientChinesepeople.Someoftheancientsymbolscanstillbeseenintoday'shanzi.BytheShangDynasty，thesesymbols2.hadbecome(become)awell­developedwritingsystem.Overtheyears,thesystemdevelopedintodifferentforms，asitwasatimewhenpeopleweredividedgeographically,3.leading(lead)tomanyvarietiesofdialectscharacters.This，4.however，changedundertheruleofEmperorQinshihuangoftheQinDynasty.EmperorQinshihuangmadethesevenmajorstatesintoone5.united(unite)countrywheretheChinesewritingsystembegantodevelopinonedirection.Thatwritingsystemwas6.ofgreatimportanceinunitingtheChinesepeopleandculture.Eventoday,nomatterwhereChinesepeopleliveor7.whatdialecttheyspeak,theycanallstillcommunicate8.easily(easy)inwriting.WrittenChinesehasalsobecomeanimportantmeansby9.whichChina'spresentisconnectedwithitspast.Peopleinmoderntimescanreadtheclassic10.works(work)whichwerewrittenbyChineseinancienttimes.ThehighregardfortheChinesewritingsystemcanbeseeninthedevelopmentofChinesecharactersasanartform,knownasChinesecalligraphy,whichhasbecomeanimportantpartofChineseculture.文章大意：这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了汉字的起源和发展。〖解析〗1．考查时态和语态。句意：它可以追溯到几千年前使用的动物骨头和贝壳，古代中国人在上面雕刻符号。描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时，“符号”和“雕刻”之间是被动关系，用被动语态。所以填werecarved。2．考查时态。句意：到了商代，这些符号已经成为一种很发达的文字系统。表示发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。所以填hadbecome。3．考查非谓语动词