高考英语一轮总复习练案9必修2Unit4Wildlifeprotection练习含解析新人教版

一轮复习精品资料(高中)PAGEPAGE1必修二Unit4WildlifeprotectionⅠ.完形填空(2021·东城区综合练习)SavingaTigerNamedCinderellaOnanicydayinFebruary2012,twohuntersineasternRussiadiscoveredalimpbundleoffurlyinginthesnow.Itwasanorphanedcub(幼兽)!Thecubhadn'teatenindays,andwas1.Aenoughforthehuntersjusttopickherup.Dr.DaleMiquelle,DirectorfortheWCSRussiaProgram,said,“Ahealthytigercub,evenathree-month-oldone,wouldgiveyoureasonto2.Dbeforeyoustuckyourhandtooclosetoitsteethandclaws.Butthiscubhadno3.Dleftinher.”Thehunterswrappedthecubinacoatand4.Ahertoalocalwildlifeinspector,AndreyOryol.Overthefollowingweeks,Oryol5.Ctheorphanedcubbacktohealth.Buthehadanewproblem:Whatcouldhedowithan6.Bthree-month-oldtiger?ThecubwasanAmurtiger.7.DasmallnumberofAmurtigersremainedinthewild,soscientistswantedtoreturn8.Bcubstotheirnaturalhabitat.Theorphanedcubwastakentoanewwildlifecenter.Thecenterwasdesignedforraisingwildanimalswithout9.Athemtopeople.Ituseshiddencamerasandcoveredfencestokeepworkersoutof10.B.Thatway,theanimalsdon'tbecome11.Conhumans.Thecub,laternamedCinderella,becamethecenter'sfirsttiger.Overthenextyear,shegrewintoabig,healthytigress.Inthecenter,shelearnedtohunt.Bythespringof2013,expertsagreedshewas12.Ctoreturntothewild.Theychosetheperfectnew13.Dfortheirtigerprincess:theBastakNatureReserve.Duringthenexttwoyears,researcherswatchedCinderella's14.A.Theysetupcamerastosnapphotos.WhenCinderellapassedinfrontofoneofthesecamera15.B，ittookherpicture.Cinderellanotonly16.C，butgrewhealthierandstronger.Then,inDecember2015,thecameras17.Dexcitingnews:Cinderellahadbecomeamother!Forthefirsttimeever，atigerthathumanshad18.Candreturnedtothewildhadgivenbirthtotwocubsofherown.Tigersaresomeofthemostadmiredanimalsonourplanet,buttheyarealso19.A.ThankstotheworkofconservationistslikeDr.DaleMiquelle,thereisnew20.Bforthesemagnificentcats.文章大意：两位猎人在俄罗斯东部发现了一只因饥饿无力地躺在雪中的小老虎，并将其送到当地的野生动物检查员AndreyOryol那里，Oryol在接下来的几周里照料它恢复了健康，然后将它带到一个野生动物中心，在该中心这只幼虎被命名为Cinderella。直到它准备好回归自然，专家们才把它放到了巴斯塔自然保护区；后来Cinderella不但适应了野外的生活，而且还有了自己的幼崽。1．A.weak B．paleC．sleepy D．lazy〖解析〗根据本句中的“Thecubhadn'teatenindays”可以推测出，这只幼虎几天没有吃东西了，所以它很虚弱，因而那两位猎人能将它抱起。故选A。2.A．hide B．hurtC．wonder D．pause〖解析〗根据语境和常识可知，一只健康的幼虎，即使只有三个月大，在你将手很靠近它的牙齿与爪子之前，都会让你有理由暂停一下(pause)。故选D。3.A．mercy B．effortC．will D．fight〖解析〗根据第1小题的〖解析〗可知，这只幼虎几天没有吃东西了，身体非常虚弱，所以那时它并没有战斗力。A项意为“仁慈”；B项意为“努力”；C项意为“意志”；D项意为“战斗力”。4.A．delivered B．returnedC．guided D．reported〖解析〗根据本句中的“alocalwildlifeinspector”和下文表述的Oryol照料这只幼虎可以推测出，两位猎人将幼虎送到了当地的野生动物检查员AndreyOryol那里。故选A。5．A.taught B．pulledC．nursed D．trained〖解析〗根据本句中的“backtohealth”可以推测出，Oryol在接下来的几周时间里照料(nursed)那只幼虎恢复了健康，故选C。6.A．intelligent B．energeticC．excited D．amazing〖解析〗根据上文中的“backtohealth”和语境可以推测出，那只幼虎很快就恢复了健康，变得精力充沛，所以Oryol不知该如何处理它。故选B。7.A．Almost B．StillC．Even D．Only〖解析〗根据本句中的“soscientistswantedtoreturn8cubstotheirnaturalhabitat”可知，由于只有少量的东北虎仍然生活在野外，所以科学家想把被营救的(rescued)东北虎送回到它们的自然栖息地。故选D。8．A.firstborn B．rescuedC．wounded D．hunted〖解析〗参见上题〖解析〗。A项意为“头胎的”。9．A.exposing B．sendingC．offering D．selling〖解析〗根据下文中的“Ituseshiddencamerasandcoveredfencestokeepworkersoutof10”可以推测出，这个新的野生动物中心是专门为在不让野生动物接触人的情况下喂养它们而设计的。故选A。10．A.place B．sightC．order D．mind〖解析〗根据上题〖解析〗并结合语境可知，这个野生动物中心使用隐藏的相机和被覆盖的围栏来使工作人员不露面。sight“视力范围，视野”符合语境。11．A.concentrated B．defensiveC．dependent D．keen〖解析〗根据第20小题的〖解析〗可知，这个野生动物中心使用这种方式让动物们不对人类产生依赖，故选C。A项意为“集中的”；B项意为“自卫的”；C项意为“依赖的”；D项意为“喜爱，有兴趣”。12．A.welcome B．interestedC．ready D．eager〖解析〗根据上文中的“Inthecenter，shelearnedtohunt”和空后的“returntothewild”可以推测出，这只幼虎在野生动物中心学习了野外生存技能，因此到2013年春天，专家们一致认为它准备好回归自然了。故选C。13．A.continent B．neighborhoodC．border D．kingdom〖解析〗根据本句中的“tigerprincess”的称呼以及“theBastakNatureReserve”这一地点可知，为了使前后语言风格保持一致，这里应用“kingdom”，表示专家们为他们的老虎“公主”选择了这个完美的新“王国”。故选D。14．A.progress B．reactionC．appearance D．habitat〖解析〗根据下文表述的研究人员放置相机来拍摄Cinderella的照片可推知，在接下来的两年里，研究人员观察Cinderella的生活进展。progress“进步，进展”符合语境，故选A。15．A.types B．trapsC．shots D．scenes〖解析〗根据上句“Theysetupcamerastosnapphotos”可以推测出，当Cinderella在其中的一个陷阱(traps)相机前经过时，相机就会拍下它的照片。故选B。16．A.succeeded B．recoveredC．survived D．explored〖解析〗根据本句中的“grewhealthierandstronger”可知，Cinderella不但活了下来，而且长得更健康、更强壮了。故选C。17．A.edited B．expectedC．prepared D．revealed〖解析〗根据上文中的“WhenCinderellapassedinfrontofoneofthesecamera15，ittookherpicture”可以推测出，此处表示相机传达了令人激动的消息。故选D。18．A.witnessed B．tradedC．raised D．examined〖解析〗根据文章第二至第四段的内容，尤其是第三段中的“wasdesignedforraisingwildanimals”可知，这只幼虎曾经被人类喂养过，故选C。19．A.endangered B．dominatedC．preserved D．stressed〖解析〗根据上文中的“asmallnumberofAmurtigersremainedinthewild”和下文中的“Thankstotheworkofconservationists”可以推测出，老虎也是濒危动物。故选A。20．A.love B．hopeC．home D．help〖解析〗根据第19题的〖解析〗可知，老虎也是濒危动物，因此由于像Dr.DaleMiquelle这样的自然环境保护主义者的努力，这些出色的猫科动物有了新的希望。故选B。Ⅱ.阅读理解AWildanimalsareknowntolistentoeachotherforwarningsthatpredatorsarenear.Somebirds,forexample,fleewhenneighborsmakealoudnoisetoannounceasnake'spresence.Thefairywren(细毛鹩莺)isasmallAustraliansongbird.Itisnotbornknowingthe“languages”ofotherbirds.Butrecentresearchsaysitcanlearnthemeaningofafewimportantsounds.AndrewNRadfordisabiologistattheUniversityofBristolinEnglandandco-writerofthenewreportpublishedinearlyAugustinthejournalCurrentBiology.HetoldtheAssociatedPress,“Weknewbeforethatsomeanimalscantranslatethemeaningsofotherspecies'‘foreignlanguages’butwedidnotknowhowthat‘languagelearning’cameabout.”Birdshaveseveralwaysoflearninglifeskills.Someknowledgeisgeneticallypasseddownbytheirparentsandsomecomesfromdirectexperiencewiththeworld.ButRadfordandotherscientistsareexploringathirdkindofknowledge：informationfromfellows.RadfordandresearchersattheAustralianNationalUniversitycarriedoutthestudyinthecountry'sNationalBotanicGardensinCanberra.Theyattachedspecially-designed，sound-producingequipmentcalled“tweeterspeakers”totheirbodies.Theywantedtoseeiffairywrenswouldreacttosoundsofotherbirdseveniftheycouldnotseethem.Thescientistsfirstplayedthebirdstworecordedsoundsthattheylikelyhadneverheardbefore.Onewasawarningcryofathornbill(刺喙蜂鸟),abirdnotnativetoAustralia.Theotherwasacomputer-generatedbirdsoundcalled“buzz”．Whenthe16fairywrensinthestudyfirstheardthesounds，theyhadnospecialreaction.Thescientiststhentriedtotrainhalfofthebirdstorecognizethethornbill'scryasawarningsound.Theytriedtotraintheotherhalftorecognizethecomputer-generated“buzz”asawarningcall.Afterthreedays,thescientiststestedwhatthebirdshadlearned—andtheir“students”passedthetest.Thefairywrenstrainedwiththethornbill'scry,fledwhentheyheardit.Thegrouptrainedwiththe“buzz”，fledwhentheyheardthatsound.Neithergroupreactedtothesoundtaughttotheother.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。作者通过介绍Radford和澳大利亚国立大学的研究人员在堪培拉的国家植物园开展的研究实验，说明了鸟类可以通过人为培训，从而“识别声音”。1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“predators”inthefirstparagraphmean？AA．Enemies. B．Neighbors.C．Birds. D．Snakes.〖解析〗词义猜测题。根据第一段第二句“Somebirds，forexample，fleewhenneighborsmakealoudnoisetoannounceasnake'spresence.”可知，有一些鸟在它们的邻居发出大叫来宣告有蛇出没时会逃跑。由此可推知，画线词所在句表示当天敌就在附近时，野生动物会互相倾听警告。故画线词的词义与A项相近。2．Whichistherightorderoftheexperiment？Ba．Thefairywrensweredividedintotwoparts.b．Thefairywrensmadenoreactiontothestrangesounds.c．Radfordandresearchersworesound-producingequipment.d．Thefairywrensweretrainedseparately.e．Thefairywrenspassedthetestsuccessfully.A．abcde B．cbadeC．cebad D．acedb〖解析〗细节理解题。由第五至八段的内容可知，实验的顺序是：Radford和研究人员穿戴声音产生装备、科学家播放两组录音但细尾鹩莺未对录音作出反应、细尾鹩莺被分成两组分别训练、最后细尾鹩莺成功通过测试。故选B。3．ItcanbelearnedfromthestudythatthefairywrensD.A．werenotgood“foreignlanguage”learnersB．madenoreactiontothesoundsallthetimeC．tookbothofthesoundsaswarningsD．fledwhenhearingthesoundtaughttothem〖解析〗推理判断题。根据文章最后一段可知，细尾鹩莺被训练成功，通过了测试，当它们听到训练时代表警告的声音时，它们会飞走。故选D。4．ThepassageisprobablytakenfromB.A．abiologytextbookB．asciencemagazineC．asciencefictionD．awildlifebrochure〖解析〗文章出处题。根据文章内容可知，本文是一篇说明文，作者通过介绍Radford和澳大利亚国立大学的研究人员在堪培拉的国家植物园开展的研究实验，说明了鸟类可以通过人为培训，从而“识别声音”。由此可推知，本文很可能摘自科学杂志。故选B。B(2020·湖南省高三六校联考)IfIscratchyourbackandyouscratchmine,thenwe'rebothbetteroffasaresult—sogoestheprincipleofreciprocity.Ashumans,wearefamiliarwiththeconcept,whetheritisbybuyingroundsofdrinksorexpellingdiplomats.Butdoanimalsalsohelpthosewhohelpthem?Theanswermaybeyes.ApaperbyDolivoandTaborskyshowsthatNorwayratswillonlygiveasgoodastheyget.Intheirlaboratory,DolivoandTaborskyfirsttrainedratstopullastickthatprovidedafooditemwithinthereachofaratinaneighboringcageseparatedfromthembywiremesh(铁丝网)．Theythenintroducedafurthertreatmentinwhichanexperimentalratwasplacedinacagewithothercagedratsoneitherside.Ononesidetheratpulledastickthatprovidedpiecesofcarrottotheratinthecentralcage,whiletheotherpulledastickthatproducedbananapieces.Inthefollowingtrialsthefocalrat(theoneinthecentralcage)hadtheopportunitytorepaytheotherratsusingthesamesticktooltodeliverfooditems.Now,theratshadtypicallyturnedtheirnosesupatthecarrotandshowedastrongpreferenceforthemoredesirablebanana.Onthebasisthatthebanana-providingratshouldbethereforerememberedasthesuperiorpartner,theauthorspredictedthatinthetestphase(阶段)thefocalratwouldmorereadilyprovidehelpforbanana-offeringratsthanforcarrot-offeringrats.Thisprovedtobethecase:theratsthathadprovidedbetterhelpinthepastreceivedgreaterrewards—itseemedthattheywerebehavingreciprocally.DolivoandTaborsky'sexperimentsshowthatratscanrecallthequalityofhelpprovidedandbywhichrat,andadjusttheirbehaviorsoastoinvestmoretimeandenergyinhelpingthosethathelpedthem.Itisapparentthatweshouldn'tundervaluetheabilityofanimalstoengageinreciprocity.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章详细介绍了Dolivo和Taborsky用挪威老鼠做实验得出结论的过程。实验的结果告诉人们，我们不应该低估动物的互惠能力。5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“reciprocity”probablyreferto？BA．Theactofbeingkindtootherpeople.B．Acooperativeexchangeoffavors.C．Apositiveattitudetoeverything.D．Thequalityofbeinggenerous.〖解析〗词义猜测题。根据第一段第一句中的“IfIscratchyourbackandyouscratchmine，thenwe'rebothbetteroffasaresult”可知，如果两个人互相抓背，则两人都能得到好处，由此可推知，reciprocity意为“互惠”。故B项正确。6．Whatwouldhappenifaratpulledthestick？CA．Itwouldfindsomefoodinitsowncage.B．Otherratswouldbeabletoenteritscage.C．Anotherratinanothercagewouldgetfood.D．Itwouldbeabletoenteraneighboringcage.〖解析〗推理判断题。根据第二段的内容和第三段尾句“Ononesidetheratpulledastickthatprovidedpiecesofcarrottotheratinthecentralcage,whiletheotherpulledastickthatproducedbananapieces.”可推知，如果一只老鼠拉棍子，则另一个笼子里的老鼠会吃到食物。故C项正确。7．Whichgotmorebenefitfromthefocalrat？DA．Theratsthatpreferredcarrotpieces.B．Theratsthatpreferredbananapieces.C．Theratsthathadprovidedcarrotpieces.D．Theratsthathadprovidedbananapieces.〖解析〗细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的内容尤其是“theratsthathadprovidedbetterhelpinthepastreceivedgreaterrewards”可知，提供香蕉片的老鼠会得到更多的回报。故D项正确。8．WhichofthefollowingmightDolivoandTaborskyagreewith？AA．Someanimalsmayreturnothers'help.B．Norwayratshaveverypoormemories.C．Itishardtoexplaintheabilityofanimals.D．Rats'behaviorisveryuncommon.〖解析〗推理判断题。根据尾段第一句“DolivoandTaborsky’sexperimentsshowthatratscanrecallthequalityofhelpprovidedandbywhichrat，andadjusttheirbehaviorsoastoinvestmoretimeandenergyinhelpingthosethathelpedthem.”可知，Dolivo和Taborsky的实验表明，老鼠能够回忆起谁提供的帮助和帮助的质量，并调整它们的行为，从而投入更多的时间和精力去帮助那些帮助过它们的同类，由此可推知，动物会回报帮助过它们的对象。故A项正确。Ⅲ.短文改错InChina,peopleandgiantpandashadbeenlivingtogetherforthousandsofyears.ButChina'shumanpopulationhasbeengreatgrowing.Morepopulationmeansmorelandisneededforfarming.Italsomeanmoreforestsarecutforwoodtobuildandheathouses.Lossofhabitatinlowlandareashasforcedpandasliveonlyinthemountains.Themostdamagedresultofdevelopmenthasbeenthatithasdividedthepanda'shabitatintolittleislandsofforest.Today,manypandaareisolatedinthesesmallsectionsofforest,becauseoftheywillcrossintoareaswhichpeoplelive.Theresultisthatthegiantpandascanconnectwithoneanothertomateandhavebabies.Besides,toourrelief,thereisstillsomegoodnewsthatpeoplearetryingtohelpthegiantpandasbycreatingprotectedareas.〖答案〗InChina,peopleandgiantpandaseq\o(had,\s\do8(have))beenlivingtogetherforthousandsofyears.ButChina'shumanpopulationhasbeeneq\o(great,\s\do8(greatly))growing.Morepopulationmeansmorelandisneededforfarming.Italsoeq\o(mean,\s\do8(means))moreforestsarecutforwoodtobuildandheathouses.Lossofhabitatinlowlandareashasforcedpandaseq\o(∧,\s\do8(to))liveonlyinthemountains.Themosteq\o(damaged,\s\do8(damaging))resultofdevelopmenthasbeenthatithasdividedthepanda'shabitatintolittleislandsofforest.Today,manyeq\o(panda,\s\do8(pandas))areisolatedinthesesmallsectionsofforest,becauseoftheywillcrossintoareaseq\o(which,\s\do8(where/inwhich/live后加in))peoplelive.Theresultisthatthegiantpandaseq\o(can,\s\do8(can't/cannot))connectwithoneanothertomateandhavebabies.eq\o(Besides,\s\do8(However))，toourrelief,thereisstillsomegoodnewsthatpeoplearetryingtohelpthegiantpandasbycreatingprotectedareas.文章大意：文章讲述了随着人类的发展，熊猫的栖息地越来越小，它们的生活和繁衍受到严重影响，但让人欣慰的是人们正在帮大熊猫建保护区。〖解析〗1．考查动词的时态和语态。此处指人们和大熊猫到“现在”为止已经生活了几千年了。所以谓语动词应选用现在完成进行时“havebeendoing”。2．考查副词。该句意思为：中国人口已经大幅度的增长，此处greatly修饰谓语动词“havebeengrowing”，故用副词。3．考查动词的时态。根据上下文可知此处应为一般现在时，又因该句主语为“it”，故用第三人称单数。4．考查非谓语动词。此处为不定式作宾语补足语，forcesb./sth.todosth.“迫使某人或某物做某事”，是固定用法。5．考查非谓语动词。damaged“被破坏了的”，damaging“有破坏性的”，此处为分词作定语，修饰result，表示有破坏性的结果。6．考查名词的数。panda前面由many修饰，故用复数。7．考查连词。becauseof后面接名词、动名词或what引导的从句，because后面接除what以外的词引导的从句。8．考查定语从句。此处先行词areas在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，故选用关系副词where或inwhich或在不及物动词live后加in。9．考查上下文语境。分析上下文可知此处意为“结果就是大熊猫不能够与另外的配偶联系、不能够繁殖”。10．考查副词。上文在说不好的结果，但下文说“让人欣慰的是……”，表转折。必修二Unit4WildlifeprotectionⅠ.完形填空(2021·东城区综合练习)SavingaTigerNamedCinderellaOnanicydayinFebruary2012,twohuntersineasternRussiadiscoveredalimpbundleoffurlyinginthesnow.Itwasanorphanedcub(幼兽)!Thecubhadn'teatenindays,andwas1.Aenoughforthehuntersjusttopickherup.Dr.DaleMiquelle,DirectorfortheWCSRussiaProgram,said,“Ahealthytigercub,evenathree-month-oldone,wouldgiveyoureasonto2.Dbeforeyoustuckyourhandtooclosetoitsteethandclaws.Butthiscubhadno3.Dleftinher.”Thehunterswrappedthecubinacoatand4.Ahertoalocalwildlifeinspector,AndreyOryol.Overthefollowingweeks,Oryol5.Ctheorphanedcubbacktohealth.Buthehadanewproblem:Whatcouldhedowithan6.Bthree-month-oldtiger?ThecubwasanAmurtiger.7.DasmallnumberofAmurtigersremainedinthewild,soscientistswantedtoreturn8.Bcubstotheirnaturalhabitat.Theorphanedcubwastakentoanewwildlifecenter.Thecenterwasdesignedforraisingwildanimalswithout9.Athemtopeople.Ituseshiddencamerasandcoveredfencestokeepworkersoutof10.B.Thatway,theanimalsdon'tbecome11.Conhumans.Thecub,laternamedCinderella,becamethecenter'sfirsttiger.Overthenextyear,shegrewintoabig,healthytigress.Inthecenter,shelearnedtohunt.Bythespringof2013,expertsagreedshewas12.Ctoreturntothewild.Theychosetheperfectnew13.Dfortheirtigerprincess:theBastakNatureReserve.Duringthenexttwoyears,researcherswatchedCinderella's14.A.Theysetupcamerastosnapphotos.WhenCinderellapassedinfrontofoneofthesecamera15.B，ittookherpicture.Cinderellanotonly16.C，butgrewhealthierandstronger.Then,inDecember2015,thecameras17.Dexcitingnews:Cinderellahadbecomeamother!Forthefirsttimeever，atigerthathumanshad18.Candreturnedtothewildhadgivenbirthtotwocubsofherown.Tigersaresomeofthemostadmiredanimalsonourplanet,buttheyarealso19.A.ThankstotheworkofconservationistslikeDr.DaleMiquelle,thereisnew20.Bforthesemagnificentcats.文章大意：两位猎人在俄罗斯东部发现了一只因饥饿无力地躺在雪中的小老虎，并将其送到当地的野生动物检查员AndreyOryol那里，Oryol在接下来的几周里照料它恢复了健康，然后将它带到一个野生动物中心，在该中心这只幼虎被命名为Cinderella。直到它准备好回归自然，专家们才把它放到了巴斯塔自然保护区；后来Cinderella不但适应了野外的生活，而且还有了自己的幼崽。1．A.weak B．paleC．sleepy D．lazy〖解析〗根据本句中的“Thecubhadn'teatenindays”可以推测出，这只幼虎几天没有吃东西了，所以它很虚弱，因而那两位猎人能将它抱起。故选A。2.A．hide B．hurtC．wonder D．pause〖解析〗根据语境和常识可知，一只健康的幼虎，即使只有三个月大，在你将手很靠近它的牙齿与爪子之前，都会让你有理由暂停一下(pause)。故选D。3.A．mercy B．effortC．will D．fight〖解析〗根据第1小题的〖解析〗可知，这只幼虎几天没有吃东西了，身体非常虚弱，所以那时它并没有战斗力。A项意为“仁慈”；B项意为“努力”；C项意为“意志”；D项意为“战斗力”。4.A．delivered B．returnedC．guided D．reported〖解析〗根据本句中的“alocalwildlifeinspector”和下文表述的Oryol照料这只幼虎可以推测出，两位猎人将幼虎送到了当地的野生动物检查员AndreyOryol那里。故选A。5．A.taught B．pulledC．nursed D．trained〖解析〗根据本句中的“backtohealth”可以推测出，Oryol在接下来的几周时间里照料(nursed)那只幼虎恢复了健康，故选C。6.A．intelligent B．energeticC．excited D．amazing〖解析〗根据上文中的“backtohealth”和语境可以推测出，那只幼虎很快就恢复了健康，变得精力充沛，所以Oryol不知该如何处理它。故选B。7.A．Almost B．StillC．Even D．Only〖解析〗根据本句中的“soscientistswantedtoreturn8cubstotheirnaturalhabitat”可知，由于只有少量的东北虎仍然生活在野外，所以科学家想把被营救的(rescued)东北虎送回到它们的自然栖息地。故选D。8．A.firstborn B．rescuedC．wounded D．hunted〖解析〗参见上题〖解析〗。A项意为“头胎的”。9．A.exposing B．sendingC．offering D．selling〖解析〗根据下文中的“Ituseshiddencamerasandcoveredfencestokeepworkersoutof10”可以推测出，这个新的野生动物中心是专门为在不让野生动物接触人的情况下喂养它们而设计的。故选A。10．A.place B．sightC．order D．mind〖解析〗根据上题〖解析〗并结合语境可知，这个野生动物中心使用隐藏的相机和被覆盖的围栏来使工作人员不露面。sight“视力范围，视野”符合语境。11．A.concentrated B．defensiveC．dependent D．keen〖解析〗根据第20小题的〖解析〗可知，这个野生动物中心使用这种方式让动物们不对人类产生依赖，故选C。A项意为“集中的”；B项意为“自卫的”；C项意为“依赖的”；D项意为“喜爱，有兴趣”。12．A.welcome B．interestedC．ready D．eager〖解析〗根据上文中的“Inthecenter，shelearnedtohunt”和空后的“returntothewild”可以推测出，这只幼虎在野生动物中心学习了野外生存技能，因此到2013年春天，专家们一致认为它准备好回归自然了。故选C。13．A.continent B．neighborhoodC．border D．kingdom〖解析〗根据本句中的“tigerprincess”的称呼以及“theBastakNatureReserve”这一地点可知，为了使前后语言风格保持一致，这里应用“kingdom”，表示专家们为他们的老虎“公主”选择了这个完美的新“王国”。故选D。14．A.progress B．reactionC．appearance D．habitat〖解析〗根据下文表述的研究人员放置相机来拍摄Cinderella的照片可推知，在接下来的两年里，研究人员观察Cinderella的生活进展。progress“进步，进展”符合语境，故选A。15．A.types B．trapsC．shots D．scenes〖解析〗根据上句“Theysetupcamerastosnapphotos”可以推测出，当Cinderella在其中的一个陷阱(traps)相机前经过时，相机就会拍下它的照片。故选B。16．A.succeeded B．recoveredC．survived D．explored〖解析〗根据本句中的“grewhealthierandstronger”可知，Cinderella不但活了下来，而且长得更健康、更强壮了。故选C。17．A.edited B．expectedC．prepared D．revealed〖解析〗根据上文中的“WhenCinderellapassedinfrontofoneofthesecamera15，ittookherpicture”可以推测出，此处表示相机传达了令人激动的消息。故选D。18．A.witnessed B．tradedC．raised D．examined〖解析〗根据文章第二至第四段的内容，尤其是第三段中的“wasdesignedforraisingwildanimals”可知，这只幼虎曾经被人类喂养过，故选C。19．A.endangered B．dominatedC．preserved D．stressed〖解析〗根据上文中的“asmallnumberofAmurtigersremainedinthewild”和下文中的“Thankstotheworkofconservationists”可以推测出，老虎也是濒危动物。故选A。20．A.love B．hopeC．home D．help〖解析〗根据第19题的〖解析〗可知，老虎也是濒危动物，因此由于像Dr.DaleMiquelle这样的自然环境保护主义者的努力，这些出色的猫科动物有了新的希望。故选B。Ⅱ.阅读理解AWildanimalsareknowntolistentoeachotherforwarningsthatpredatorsarenear.Somebirds,forexample,fleewhenneighborsmakealoudnoisetoannounceasnake'spresence.Thefairywren(细毛鹩莺)isasmallAustraliansongbird.Itisnotbornknowingthe“languages”ofotherbirds.Butrecentresearchsaysitcanlearnthemeaningofafewimportantsounds.AndrewNRadfordisabiologistattheUniversityofBristolinEnglandandco-writerofthenewreportpublishedinearlyAugustinthejournalCurrentBiology.HetoldtheAssociatedPress,“Weknewbeforethatsomeanimalscantranslatethemeaningsofotherspecies'‘foreignlanguages’butwedidnotknowhowthat‘languagelearning’cameabout.”Birdshaveseveralwaysoflearninglifeskills.Someknowledgeisgeneticallypasseddownbytheirparentsandsomecomesfromdirectexperiencewiththeworld.ButRadfordandotherscientistsareexploringathirdkindofknowledge：informationfromfellows.RadfordandresearchersattheAustralianNationalUniversitycarriedoutthestudyinthecountry'sNationalBotanicGardensinCanberra.Theyattachedspecially-designed，sound-producingequipmentcalled“tweeterspeakers”totheirbodies.Theywantedtoseeiffairywrenswouldreacttosoundsofotherbirdseveniftheycouldnotseethem.Thescientistsfirstplayedthebirdstworecordedsoundsthattheylikelyhadneverheardbefore.Onewasawarningcryofathornbill(刺喙蜂鸟),abirdnotnativetoAustralia.Theotherwasacomputer-generatedbirdsoundcalled“buzz”．Whenthe16fairywrensinthestudyfirstheardthesounds，theyhadnospecialreaction.Thescientiststhentriedtotrainhalfofthebirdstorecognizethethornbill'scryasawarningsound.Theytriedtotraintheotherhalftorecognizethecomputer-generated“buzz”asawarningcall.Afterthreedays,thescientiststestedwhatthebirdshadlearned—andtheir“students”passedthetest.Thefairywrenstrainedwiththethornbill'scry,fledwhentheyheardit.Thegrouptrainedwiththe“buzz”，fledwhentheyheardthatsound.Neithergroupreactedtothesoundtaughttotheother.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。作者通过介绍Radford和澳大利亚国立大学的研究人员在堪培拉的国家植物园开展的研究实验，说明了鸟类可以通过人为培训，从而“识别声音”。1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“predators”inthefirstparagraphmean？AA．Enemies. B．Neighbors.C．Birds. D．Snakes.〖解析〗词义猜测题。根据第一段第二句“Somebirds，forexample，fleewhenneighborsmakealoudnoisetoannounceasnake'spresence.”可知，有一些鸟在它们的邻居发出大叫来宣告有蛇出没时会逃跑。由此可推知，画线词所在句表示当天敌就在附近时，野生动物会互相倾听警告。故画线词的词义与A项相近。2．Whichistherightorderoftheexperiment？Ba．Thefairywrensweredividedintotwoparts.b．Thefairywrensmadenoreactiontothestrangesounds.c．Radfordandresearchersworesound-producingequipment.d．Thefairywrensweretrainedseparately.e．Thefairywrenspassedthetestsuccessfully.A．abcde B．cbadeC．cebad D．acedb〖解析〗细节理解题。由第五至八段的内容可知，实验的顺序是：Radford和研究人员穿戴声音产生装备、科学家播放两组录音但细尾鹩莺未对录音作出反应、细尾鹩莺被分成两组分别训练、最后细尾鹩莺成功通过测试。故选B。3．ItcanbelearnedfromthestudythatthefairywrensD.A．werenotgood“foreignlanguage”learnersB．madenoreactiontothesoundsallthetimeC．tookbothofthesoundsaswarningsD．fledwhenhearingthesoundtaughttothem〖解析〗推理判断题。根据文章最后一段可知，细尾鹩莺被训练成功，通过了测试，当它们听到训练时代表警告的声音时，它们会飞走。故选D。4．ThepassageisprobablytakenfromB.A．abiologytextbookB．asciencemagazineC．asciencefictionD．awildlifebrochure〖解析〗文章出处题。根据文章内容可知，本文是一篇说明文，作者通过介绍Radford和澳大利亚国立大学的研究人员在堪培拉的国家植物园开展的研究实验，说明了鸟类可以通过人为培训，从而“识别声音”。由此可推知，本文很可能摘自科学杂志。故选B。B(2020·湖南省高三六校联考)IfIscratchyourbackandyouscratchmine,thenwe'rebothbetteroffasaresult—sogoestheprincipleofreciprocity.Ashumans,wearefamiliarwiththeconcept,whetheritisbybuyingroundsofdrinksorexpellingdiplomats.Butdoanimalsalsohelpthosewhohelpthem?Theanswermaybeyes.ApaperbyDolivoandTaborskyshowsthatNorwayratswillonlygiveasgoodastheyget.Intheirlaboratory,DolivoandTaborskyfirsttrainedratstopullastickthatprovidedafooditemwithinthereachofaratinaneighboringcageseparatedfromthembywiremesh(铁丝网)．Theythenintroducedafurthertreatmentinwhichanexperimentalratwasplacedinacagewithothercagedratsoneitherside.Ononesidetheratpulledastickthatprovidedpiecesofcarrottotheratinthecentralcage,whiletheotherpulledastickthatproducedbananapieces.Inthefollowingtrialsthefocalrat(theoneinthecentralcage)hadtheopportunitytorepaytheotherratsusingthesamesticktooltodeliverfooditems.Now,theratshadtypicallyturnedtheirnosesupatthecarrotandshowedastrongpreferenceforthemoredesirablebanana.Onthebasisthatthebanana-providingratshouldbethereforerememberedasthesuperiorpartner,theauthorspredictedthatinthetestphase(阶段)thefocalratwouldmorereadilyprovidehelpforbanana-offeringratsthanforcarrot-offeringrats.Thisprovedtobethecase:theratsthathadprovidedbetterhelpinthepastreceivedgreaterrewards—itseemedthattheywerebehavingreciprocally.DolivoandTaborsky'sexperimentsshowthatratscanrecallthequalityofhelpprovidedandbywhichrat,andadjusttheirbehaviorsoastoinvestmoretimeandenergyinhelpingthosethathelpedthem.Itisapparentthatweshouldn'tundervaluetheabilityofanimalstoengageinreciprocity.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章详细介绍了Dolivo和Taborsky用挪威老鼠做实验得出结论的过程。实验的结果告诉人们，我们不应该低估动物的互惠能力。5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“reciprocity”probablyreferto？BA．Theactofbeingkindtootherpeople.B．Acooperativeexchangeoffavors.C．Apositiveattitudetoeverything.D．Thequalityofbeinggenerous.〖解析〗词义猜测题。根据第一段第一句中的“IfIscratchyourbackandyouscratchmine，thenwe'rebothbetteroffasaresult”可知，如果两个人互相抓背，则两人都能得到好处，由此可推知，reciprocity意为“互惠”。故B项正确。6．Whatwouldhappenifaratpulledthestick？CA．Itwouldfindsomefoodinitsowncage.B．Otherratswouldbeabletoenteritscage.C．Anotherratinanothercagewouldgetfood.D．Itwouldbeabletoenteraneighboringcage.〖解析〗推理判断题。根据第二段的内容和第三段尾句“Ononesidetheratpulledastickthatprovidedpiecesofcarrottotheratinthecentralcage,whiletheotherpulledastickthatproducedbananapieces.”可推知，如果一只老鼠拉棍子，则另一个笼子里的老鼠会吃到食物。故C项正确。7．Whichgotmorebenefitfromthefocalrat？DA．Theratsthatpreferredcarrotpieces.B．Theratsthatpreferredbananapieces.C．Theratsthathadprovidedcarrotpieces.D．Theratsthathadprovidedbananapieces.〖解析〗细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的内容尤其是“theratsthathadprovidedbetterhelpinthepastreceivedgreaterrewards”可知，提供香蕉片的老鼠会得到更多的回报。故D项正确。8．WhichofthefollowingmightDoli