Unit5重要知识点牛津译林版英语八年级上册

8AU5【wele】1.wild不可数名词“自然坏境，野生状态”inthewild在野外，处于野生状态adj.“野生的”wildanimals野生动物freeadj.自由的，不受束缚的(→freer→freest)befree/feelfreetodosth随意做某事adj.免费的；空闲的→freelyadv.无拘无束地；自由自在地dish可数名词“一道菜”可数名词“盘，碟”dothedishes清洗餐具Socouldyoupleasenoteatthem?Noway![Could/Wouldyouplease(not)dosth?]一种表示请求的巨型，语气比较委婉、客气。肯定回答：Sure./Ofcourse./Noproblem.否定回答：Sorry,butI....[noway]“不可能”常用在口语中，表示不同意或拒绝。还可以表示不相信或惊讶“不会吧”pity不可数名词“同情，怜悯”have/takepityon...同情....可数名词“可惜，遗憾”常用单数形式whatapity!真可惜！dievi.死现在分词dying过去式、过去分词dieddeathn.死亡deadadj.死的dieof...死于...（疾病，年老，劳累等内部原因）diefrom...死于...（事故，地震，饥饿等外部原因）infact事实上，实际上=actually(用于强调与实际情况恰恰相反)What...doyoulikebest?=Whatis/areyourfavourite...?Ilike...best.=Myfavourite...is/are...【reading】meanvt.意思是，意味着过去式meant→meaningn.意义，意思→meaningfuladj.有意义的→meaninglessadj.无意义的●mean意为“意思是...”时，后接that引导的宾语从句。Theteachermeantthatyoumustlistencarefully.●mean意为“意味着...”时，后接动名词（ving）作宾语。Whathesaidmeanssendingyoutothehospital.●mean还可以译为“打算，意图”，后接动词不定式（todo）做宾语。Idon’tmeantohurtyou.bebornin/on+时间bebornin+地点not...anymore=nomore数量和程度上的“不再”常修饰短暂性动词，指某个动作不再重复发生，它所表达的是“neveragain”或“没有更多”not...anylonger=nolonger时间或距离上的“不再”它一般修饰延续性动词，表示某个动作或状态不再延续下去现在的情况和过去的情况加以比较，所以多用于一般现在时nomore和nolonger放在行为动词的前面not...anymore和not...anylonger放在助动词和be动词的后面inthebeginning一开始=atfirstatthebeginningof...在...的开始formbeginningtoend从头到尾learntodosth学会做某事→learnt/learnedlearnbyoneself自学learnof/about了解关于...learnfrom...向...学习learnbyheart背下来，背熟Sadly,giantpandasfaceseriousproblemsinthewild.不幸的是，大熊猫在野外面临严重的问题。facevt.面临；面对n.脸facetoface面对面地seriousadj.严肃的→seriouslyadv.严重地；严肃地；认真地Also，giantpandaslivemainlyonaspecialkindofbamboo.liveon....以食....为生liveby...靠...(手段)为生mainmainlyHowever,thebambooforestsarebeingsmallerandsmaller.howeveradv.句首However,......句末......,however.but连词直接引出分句，表示转折，其后一般不用逗号Asaresult,pandasmaynothaveaplacetoliveorfoodtoeat.asaresult因此asaresultof...由于，因为；作为....的结果indanger处境危险outofdanger脱险[类似]introubleinneedsafesafelyinsafetydangerdangerousdangerouslytakeaction采取行动takeactiontodosth采取行动做某事rightaway立刻，马上=atonce/rightnowIfwedonothing,soontheremaybenoneleft.If引导的条件状语从句一般使用一般现在时，主句有三种情况。①主句为一般将来时（主将从现）Iwillgoshoppingifitdoesn’traintomorrow.②主句为含有情态动词的句子IfMr.Wuishere,hecanhelpus.③主句为祈使句Ifheasksyou,tellhimthetruth.none&noone¬hingnone人/物+of作主语时，谓语动词用单数或复数均可回答“howmany/much”引导的特殊疑问句或含有“any+名词”的一般疑问句noone人/做主语时，谓语动词用单数回答“who”引导的特殊疑问句或含有anyone、anybody的一般疑问句nothing物/做主语时，谓语动词用单数回答“what”引导的特殊疑问句或含有anything的一般疑问句left是leaved的过去分词，此处作none的后置定语，意为“剩下的，留下的”。过去分词作定语表示被动或完成。beimportanttosb/sth对某人/某物来说重要atbirth出生时，诞生时Man’snatureatbirthisgood.人之初，性本善。

【巩固练习】用所给动词的适当形式填空1.WhenIsawJimonmywayhome,Istopped_______(talk)withhim.2.Iforgot_______(tell)himaboutitandtoldhimagain.3.Youcanaskthatstrongman_______(help)you_______(move)thebigstone.4.Whotoldyou_______(do)this?5.Marydecided_______(do)herhomeworkassoonasshegothome.6.Doyouplan_______(take)Lindaoutforawalkaftersupper?【答案】1.totalk2.telling3.tohelp,move4.todo5.todo6.totake7.Heseemsveryworried.Maybeheforgets__________(bring)hishomeworkhere.【答案】tobring8.Howmuchdoweneed__________(feed)thepandaaday?【答案】tofeed9.Thisismyfirsttime__________(see)ababypanda.It’scute.【答案】tosee10.I’mtootiredtowalkanyfurther.Let’sstop__________(have)arest.【答案】tohave11.Canyoutellmewhere__________(buy)suchagoodhat?【答案】tobuy一、单词拼写1.Youneversee__________(狼)inapark.Doyouknowwhy?【答案】wolves2.Howmanykindsof__________(蜜蜂)arethereinthewild?【答案】bees3.Mylittledog's__________(weigh)istwokilograms.【答案】weight4.Whata__________（遗憾；同情）!Wemissedthewonderfulmatch.【答案】pity5.Someanimalsaregoodat__________(protect)theirbabiesinthewild.【答案】protecting6.Jackdidn’tgotoschoolbecauseofhisi__________.【答案】illness7.Didourgovernmentmake__________(法律)tomakepeopleliveinanorderlymanner?【答案】laws8.The__________(weigh)ofEddieis15kilogramsnow.Howheavyheis!【答案】weight9.Atthe__________(begin)ofthe21stcentury,manyyoungpeoplelikedwearingjeans.【答案】beginning10.Amothergiantpanda__________(die)intheworld.Whatapity!【答案】died11.Giantpandasarein__________(dangerous).【答案】danger13.Wewanttoseesquirrelsinthesea,butthereis__________(没有）.【答案】none14.Babytigerslearnhow__________(catch)otheranimals.【答案】tocatch二、阅读理解ATherearemanycoloursinnature.Butdoyouknowthatacolourhasweight?Ithinkyou’llsay“no”.ButIamafraidyouarewrong.Ifyoudon’tbelieve,youmaydoasmallexperiment(实验).First,puttwoobjectswiththesameweightintotwoboxes.Thencovertheboxes.Wrap(包裹)oneboxwitharedpieceofpaper,theotherwithawhitepieceofpaper.Nowholdtheboxeswithyourhandonebyone.Itiscertainthatyouwillthinktheredoneisalittleheavier.Whydoesithappen?Ascientistfoundthatdifferentcolourshavedifferentweightinaman’smind.Sohedidmanytestsandatlasthegottheresult.Thatistosay,everycolourhasitsownweightinourmind.Theheaviestcolourisred,thenblue,green,.orange,yellowandwhite.Thescientiststoldusthatcoloursalsohavesmell.Canyousmellthecolour?OfcoursenotThenwhydidthescientistssayso?Thatisbecauseeverycolourrepresentsakindoflightwave(光波)acertainwavelength(波长).Itreachesourbrain(大脑)throughorgans(感觉器官)Accordingtothisdiscovery,scientistssaythatpeopleacceptthecolourtheylike,andrefusethecolourtheyhate.Soyourbodyandmindwillbehealthybyusingthecoloursyoulike.Oryou’llbenervousorevengetill.Ifyoustayinaroomwithredwindows,wallpapersandfurniture(家具)fortwohours,you’llfeelyouhavebeenthereforfourhours.Butiftheroomisblue,you’llfeelyouhavebeenthereforonlyonehour.Anotherexample,ifapersonwalksoutofaredroomandintoablueroom,histemperaturewillfall.Thatmeansourbodytemperaturewillchangewhenweseedifferentcolors.1.Whichisthelightestcolorinaman’smind?A.RedB.BlueC.GreenD.White2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.Differentcolorshavedifferentweightsinaman’smind.B.Thecolor“blue”isthesecondheaviestcolorinaman’smind.C.Peoplecan’tsmellthecolors.D.Thecoloryoudon’tlikewillkeepyouhealthy.3.Whatwillhappenwhenyougetintoacoolcoloredroomfromawarmcoloredroom?A.Youwillfeelexcited.B.Youwillbehappyandcontented.C.Yourtemperaturewillfall.D.Youwillbenervous.4.Accordingtothepassage,howlongwillyoufeelifyoustayinaredroomforanhour?A.Twohours.B.FourshoursC.SixhoursD.Eighthours.【答案】1.D2.D3.C4.ABLet’strydoingthefollowingexperiment.Whattodo：Usestringtohangapapercliporothersmallobjectataboutchest（胸部）level.Pickupastick，suchasabroomhandle.Takethreeorfourstepsawayfromthepaperclip.Nowcloseoneeyeandwalktowardthepaperclip.Trytotouchitwiththetipofthestick.Ifyoumiss，tryagain，stillkeepingoneeyeclosed.Nowtryitwithbotheyesopenandseeifit’seasiertodo.Howitworks：Intheexperiment，youhavetojudgehowfarawaythepaperclipis.Yourbrainhasseveralwaysofdoingthis.Onesimplewaydependsonhowmuchyoureyehastofocus（聚焦）itself.Usingonlyoneeye，mostpeoplewillfinditdifficulttotouchthepapercliponthefirsttry，butthebrainstillgetssomeinformationaboutdistance—thoughnotmuch.Yourbraincanjudgedistancemuchbetterwhenyoulookatsomethingwithbotheyes.Infact，yourbrainhasmorethanonewaytousebotheyesinjudgingdistance.Forexample，toseeanythingclearly，youhavetomakebothofyoureyespointattheobject.Whenyoulookatanearbyobject，youreyesturninward.Youcanfeelthishappeningifyoulookatthetipofyourfingerandmoveyourfingertowardyournose.Yourbraingetsinformationfromtheeyesabouthowmuchtheyarepointingtowardeachother.Usingthatinformation，thebraincantellhowfarawayanyobjectis，whetheritisabasketballorapaperclip.1.Howmanymaterialsdoweneedatleasttodotheexperiment？A.TwoB.ThreeC.FourD.Five2.Thepassageismainlyaboutthatwitheyesourbraincanjudge.A.howbiganobjectisB.howhighanobjectisC.howfarawayanobjectisD.howmuchinformationanobjectis3.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage？A.Ourbrainjudgesdistanceinonewaywhenweusebotheyes.B.Ourbraincannotjudgethedistanceofasmallobjectbutabigone.C.Howmuchoureyesfocushelpsourbrainjudgethesizeofanobject.D.Howmuchoureyesfocushelpsourbrainjudgethedistanceofanobject.4.Fromtheexperimentwecaninfer（推断）.A.withoneeyewecanseeanobjectasclearlyasweusetwoeyesB.oureyesturntowardstheinsidewhenwelookatanobjectverynearC.within3or4steps，theneareranobjectis，themoreclearlywecanseeitD.ourbraincanhardlygetanyinformationaboutdistancewhenweuseoneeye【答案】1.B2.D3.BCFormanyyearsscientistshavesaidthattheearthisgettingwarmer.Nowtheyhavefoundsomethingnewhotcities!InthesouthernUS,theyhavefoundthatcitiesbeeveryhotinsummer.Forexample,thecityofAtlantainGeorgiahasrooftemperatureofupto50℃whileitis27℃inthestreets!Atnight,theoutsideofbuildingsstayssohotthattheheatofthecitycausesstormsoverthecity!Chinaalsohasthesamekindofproblems.Everyyearmorefarmlandisusedforfactoriesoroffices.Morehousingisneeded,too.Aspeoplebeericher,theybuymorecars.Newroadsareneededandnewcarparksarebuiltinthecitycenters.Thisallmakescitieshotter.Itisn’teasytochangethesituation.Cityplannerssaythatweshouldplantmoretreesinthemiddleofcities.Everynewstreetshouldhavetreesonbothsides,theysay.Treesmakethetemperaturelower,soweshouldhavemoretreesinourparksandsquares.Weshouldalsopaintourroofswhite.Ifwedothis,theydonotbeesohot.Everyroofinahotandsunnycountryshouldhavesolarroofpanels.Theelectricityfromthesecanbeusedtoruntheairconditionersinthebuildings.Peoplecontinuetocutdownforestsaroundthecities.Thismakestheproblemworse.Citiesaregrowingfasterandfaster.Bytheyear2025,fourfifthsofthepopulationwillbelivingincities.Ifwegoonlikethis,therewillnotbeenoughfarmlandtofeedeveryoneintheworld1:WhatisNOTthereasonthatmakescitieshotter?A．TherearelotsofstormsB．PeopleneedmorehousingC．MorecarsareboughtD．Citycentershavemoreroads2:Whichisonewaytomakethecitycooler?