广东省广州市增城区2023-2024学年高一下学期期末英语试题（原卷版）

2023学年第二学期期末教学质量监测高一英语笔试试题本试卷共8页，卷面满分130分，考试用时120分钟。注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必在答题卡上用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔填写学校、班级、姓名、试室号、座位号及准考证号，并用2B铅笔填涂准考证号。2.全部答案必须在答题卡上完成，答在本试卷上无效。3.选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需要改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。不能答在试卷上。4.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域的相应位置上：如需要改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案，改动的答案也不能超出指定的区域;不准使用铅笔、圆珠笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。5.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁，考试结束将试卷和答题卡一并交回。第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AExploringthewondersofYuanmingyuanisnoweasierthanever!Byfeaturingover190beautifulpaintings,modelsofbuildings,andotherartworksconnectedtothisamazinggarden-palacefromtheQingdynasty,thisspecialexhibitionhelpsuslearnaboutthelivesoftheemperorswholivedthere,thefestivalstheycelebrated,andhowtheywererelatedtoeachother.Whenyouvisit,you’llgettoseehowthisgarden-palacewasdesigned,hearstoriesaboutthepeoplewholivedthere,andlearnallabouttheQingdynasty’shistory.FullAccessTicketandSpecialExhibitionTicketWithaFullAccessticket,youcanvisitallthegalleries.WithaSpecialExhibitionticket,youwillhaveaccesstothethematicexhibitions(Gallery1toGallery7).AdultsDiscountFullAccessTicket(Gallery1-9)HK$220HK$110SpecialExhibitionTicket(Gallery1—7)HK$150HK$75Discountsincludechildren(age7to11),full-timestudents,seniors(age60andabove),personswithdisabilities(withonecompanion).Entryisfreeforchildrenage6andunder(onlinebookingandavalidFullAccessticketrequired).GroupTicketsTravelagentsticketbookings(with20ticketsorabove)arenowavailablefortheHongKongPalaceMuseum.Pleasebookyourticketsthroughtheonlineapplicationformbelowatleasttwoweeksbeforeyourvisit.Ourstaffwillbeintouchwithinsevenworkingdaysafterreceivingyourapplication.PublicGuidedTourFreeguidedtoursofspecificexhibitionsareavailableforindividualvisitorsPleasecheckthetourtimeandsignupattheG/FInformationCounter.Limitedquota(限额)isavailableonafirst-come-first-servebasis.1.WhatdoesYuanmingyuanexhibitionmainlyshow?A.Thedailylifeoftheemperors.B.ThefeatureofChinesepaintings.C.Theformationofthegarden-palace.D.ThebuildingstyleoftheQingdynasty.2.Howmuchwillaparentwithtwokidsaged9and6payforvisitingallthe9galleries?A.HK$220. B.HK$225. C.HK$330. D.HK$440.3.Whatshouldvisitorsdotogetfreeguidedtours?A.Bookonlinebeforethevisit. B.Visitwithagroupof20people.C.Registeranytimetheyarrive. D.Arriveearlywithinopeninghours.BPuffinsareadorablebirdswithbig,colorfulbeaks(喙)thatliveingrassycliffsintheFarNorth.Onesummerday,myhusbandandIboardedtheboattoFlateyIsland,eagertocatchaglimpseofthesecharmingcreatures.Assoonastheboatlefttheharbor,therainstartedpouring.Thewindpickedup,andtheboatbegantojump.Iwasbeginningtofeelseasick.Bythetimewereachedtheisland,myfingerswereblue.Theboatwouldn’tgobackforfourhours.Wehuddledundertheshelterofawarehouse,wonderingwhattodo.Thenawomanwearingmittens(手套)cameclosetous.“Youlookcold,”shesaid.“Wouldyouliketocometoourhouseforlunch?”Itwasasmallyellowhouseattheedgeofthevillage.Itwasfullofpeople,youngandold.Theymaderoomforusatthetable.Weateanddrankalot,andtheytoldusallaboutthepuffinsandtheotherbirdsontheisland.Itwasalmosttimefortheboattoleave,ournewfriendSigridwalkedintherainwithustothepuffins’cliffs.Wesatstillonthewetrocks,watchingthebirdsflyrighttowardus,cockingtheirheadsasifwonderingwhatweweredoingontheirisland.Theymadeuslaugh.Whentheboatwhistleblew,Sigridtookmyhandtosaygood-bye.“Yourhandsaresocold!”Slippinghermittensoff,shehandedthemtome.“Youneedtohavemittensfortheboatride,”shesaid.It’sbeenseventeenyears,andIstillhaveSigrid’smittens.They’renotfancyandbrightlikethepuffin’sbeak.ButasmuchasIlikedthosefunnylittlebirds,it’sthemittensIthinkofwhenIrememberedtheisland.I’vespentyearstryingtobeaskindtosomeoneelseasSigridwastomethatday.4.Whatwasunexpectedforthecoupleatfirst?A.Remotelivingplaceofthepuffins. B.Thepeacefulboatride.C.Delayingettingonboard. D.Thecoldrainyweather.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“huddled”meaninparagraph3?A.Walked. B.Crowded. C.Chatted. D.Relaxed.6.Whichwordcanbestdescribethecouple’striponFlateyIsland?A.Disappointing. B.Struggling. C.Exciting. D.Heart-warming.7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.PuffinsandMittens B.AClosePuffinWatchingC.AMagicalTriptoFlateyIsland D.SurvivingaDaywithSigridCImaginelivinginacool,greencityfilledwithparksandthreadedwithfootpaths,bikelanesandbuseswhichtransportpeopletoshops,schoolsandservicecentersinamatterofminutes.Thisfancydreamisbehindtheideaofthe15-minutecity,whereallbasicneedsandservicesarewithinaquarterofanhour’sreach,improvingpublichealthandreducingpollution.Artificialintelligencecouldhelpcityplannersrealizethatvisionfaster,withanewstudyfromresearchersatTsinghuaUniversityinChinademonstratinghowmachinelearningcanproducemoreefficientspatialdesignsthanhumanscan.Automation(自动化)scientistZhengYuandhiscolleagueswantedtofindnewsolutionstoourcrowdedcities.TheydevelopedanAIsystemtodealwiththetoughtasksofcityplanningandfounditcanproducecityplansthatoutperformhumandesignsbyabout50percentonthreeaspects:accesstoservices,greenspacesandtrafficlevels.Startingsmall,Zheng’steamtaskedtheirmodelwithdesigningthecityareaonlyafewsquarekilometersinsize(about3x3blocks).Aftertwodaysoftraining,theAIsystemsearchedfortheidealroadlayoutsandlandusetofitwiththeconceptofthe15-minutecity.WhiletheAImodelcanincreaseitsuseforplanninglargercityareas,designinganentirecitywouldbemuchmorecomplex.Draftinganeighborhoodconsistingof4x4blockscontainstwiceasmanyplanningdecisionsasdesigning3x3blocks.Butautomatingevenafewstepsintheplanningprocesscansavehugeamountsoftime:theAImodelcancomputeinsecondscertaintasksthattakehumanplannersbetween50to100minutestoworkthrough.Automatingcertaintasksofcityplanningwouldfreeuphumanplannerstofocusonmorechallengingorhuman-centrictasks,suchaspublicengagementandaesthetics.RatherthanAIreplacingpeople,ZhengthinkstheirAIsystemcanworkasan“assistant”tocityplanners,whocouldproduceconceptdesignsthatareimprovedbythesystem,andreviewed,adjustedbyhumanexpertsbasedoncommunityfeedback.8.Whatdoes“thatvision”refertoinparagraph2?A.Buildingupaconvenientandgreencity.B.Improvingworkefficiencyincitydesign.C.UsingAIwidelytoimprovelifeinthecity.D.Creatingmoreneedsandservicesinthecity.9.HowdidZheng’steamcarryouttheirstudy?A.BycomparingtheperfomancesofAIandhumans.B.ByaskingAItocompleteadesignofanentirecity.C.Bytraininghumandesignersformorechallengingjobs.D.ByholdingadesigncompetitionbetweenAIandhumans.10.WhichisAIincapableofconsideringincityplanningaccordingtothestudy?ATrafficlevel. B.Greenspaces.C.Accesstoservices. D.Publicengagement.11.Whichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthormostprobablyagreewith?A.TheuseofAIwillleadtolessfriendlycities.B.Humansshoulddealwithminortasksincitydesign.C.AIcanworkwithhumanstocreatemorelivablecities.DAIwilltaketheplaceofhumanexpertsinthefuture.DAstudypublishedbytheMaxPlanckInstituteforHumanCognitiveandBrainSciencefoundthatmusicianswhoworkinthetwofieldsshowsignificantlydifferentbrainactivity,evenwhenthey’replayingthesamemusic.Theresearchcouldhelpexplainwhymusiciansseemtostandoutinoneorotherstyle,andnotusuallyinboth.Thestudyoutlinestwostepsinplayingthepiano:whatthepianistisgoingtoplay—meaningthekeystheypress—andhowtheyaregoingtoplay—whichfingerstheyshoulduse.Classicalpianiststendtofocusonthesecondstep—the“how”.Thismeanstheirfocusisontechniqueandthepersonalexpressiontheyaddtothepiece.Jazzpianistsontheotherhandfocusonthe“what”,meaningtheyarealwayspreparedtoimprovise(即兴创作)andadaptthenotesthey’replaying.Thestudyincluded30professionalpianists,halfofwhomwerejazzplayersandhalfofwhomwereclassical.Bothgroupswereshownahandplayingasequenceofchords(和音)onascreen.Thesequencewasarrangedirregularlywithmistakesinharmoniesandfingering.Thepianistshadtoreproducethehandmovementsandreacttotheirregularities,whiletheirbrainsignalswererecordedwithsensorsontheirhead.Thestudyfoundthatdifferentprocessesoccurredinthebrainsofthejazzandclassicalpianists.Inparticular,thejazzpianists’brainsbeganre-planningsoonerthantheclassicalpianists’brains.Thestudyfoundtheclassicalpianistsconcentratedonthefingeringandtechniqueoftheirplaying,whilethejazzpianistsweremorepreparedtochangethenotestheyplayed.“Inthejazzpianistswefoundevidencefromthebrainsignalsforthisflexibilityinplanningharmonieswhenplayingthepiano,”saysresearcherRobertaBianco.“Whenweaskedthemtoplayaharmonicallyunexpectedchord,theirbrainsstartedtore-planheactionsfasterthanclassicalpianists.Accordingly,theywerebetterabletoreactandcontinuetheirperformances.”12.What’sthepurposeofthetext?A.Toexplain“what”and“how”inplayingthepiano.BTointroduceastudyonplayingstylesofmusicians.C.Tocomparetheskilllevelsofjazzandclassicalpianists.D.Toarguewhoaresmarterbetweenmusiciansoftwofields.13.Whatdoclassicalpianistspaymoreattentiontointheirperformances?A.Thefingerstheyuse. B.Thepatternstheyperform.C.Thenotestheyplay. D.Theatmospheretheycreate.14.Whatdoesparagraph4focuson?A.Majorfindingsoftheresearch.B.Explanationofresearchmethods.C.Supportingevidencefortheresearchresults.D.Futureapplicationoftheresearchfindings.15.Whyarejazzplayersthoughttobemoreflexible?A.Theycaremoreaboutplayingtechnique.B.Theyarebetteratcorrectingmusicalmistakes.C.Theyaremorereadyforthechangewhileplaying.D.Theyarelikelytoaddpersonalexpressiontothemusic.第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分;满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的7个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。SendingastronautstoMarsisabigchallenge.It’salong,dangerousjourney.AndastronautswillhavetotakeEVERYTHINGtheyneed.____16____Launchingthingsintospaceisexpensive.“TogettoMars,wealreadyhavethetechnology,”saysMichaelFlynn.“Theproblemis,it’scostly.”____17____Insteadofbuildingaheavyspaceshipandpackingitfullofstuff,whynotbuildWaterWalls—arecyclingsystemandusethestuffaspartofthespaceship?Makingoxygenandtakingawaycarbondioxide——thewastegasyoubreatheout—isoneprobleminspace.WaterWallswillremovecarbondioxidethesamewayit’sdonehereonEarth—withlivingplants.Livingplantstakeincarbondioxidetomaketheirfood,andgiveoffoxygen.Butplantsarehardtogrowinaspacecraft.____18____Algaearetinyplantsthatliveinwater.Thealgaewillliveinbagsinthewallstoo,fedbypoopandsunlight,eatingupcarbondioxideandmakingoxygenfortheastronautstobreathe.____19____It’scompact(紧密的),efficient,anddoesn’tneedalotoffancymachinerythatmightbreakdown.AmissiontoMarswillrequireastronautstogetbacktonature.Alas,thehumanbodyneedsalotofhelptosurviveinspace.Ifonlyweweremorelikethetardigrade!Tardigradesareverytinyinsect-likecreaturesthatliveinsoil.Whentheyfindthemselvesindanger,theyrollthemselvesupintoaballanddryout.Inthisstatetheycansurvivewithoutfoodorwaterfor100years.____20____A.Algaecanbeagoodchoice.B.Nothingiswastedinthespacecraft.C.ButFlynnthinkshehasasolution.D.SoatriptoMarsisfullofpackingchallenge.E.Ifonlywecouldtrainthemtoflyaspaceship.F.Thisonboardrecyclingsystemhasmanyadvantages.G.Themoreyoutake,themorerocketsyoumustlaunch,andthemoreitcosts.第三部分语言知识及应用(共两节，满分30分)第一节完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。IncentralAfghanistan’sBamyanValleystandsthefamousBuddhasofBamyan(巴米扬大佛).Hemmatwassellingticketsfortheculturalheritageinsideacoolticketofficeinsteadofinthe____21____sun.However,thathadnotalwaysbeenthe____22____.“Inthepast,weworkedinthesun,snowandrain,”Hemmatsaid.Thingshavebeen____23____afterthebuildingoftwoticketofficeswhicharealso____24____asconservationworkstationsinthedaytime,andsecurityguardpositionsatnight.Theseticketofficesarebuiltwiththe____25____ofagroupofyoungscholarsfromChina’suniversities,andFriendsofDunhuang,whohavedonatedmoneyforthe____26____.Duetoyearsofwarandeconomichardships,____27____inBamyanValleywerenot____28____andcleanedforalongtime,letalonebeingpresentedwithanintroduction.The____29____thatwerestoppingthe_____30_____oftheculturalheritagehavebeensolvednow.“Withourspecificsuggestionsandfinancial_____31_____,mostofthecavesneartheBuddhasitehavebeen_____32_____numberedandinstalledwithintroductionnameplates,”saidShaoXuecheng,amemberofFriendsofDunhuang.Inaddition,theChinesescholarsstarteda_____33_____toteachlocalchildrenhowtopreserveculturalheritages.Kidsfrompoorfamiliescouldreceive_____34_____forfree.China’sgreateffortsinculturalheritageprotectionhavebeenwidely_____35_____.“IamgratefultoourChinesefriends,”Hemmatsaid.21.A.burning B.rising C.warm D.golden22.A.truth B.standard C.case D.tradition23.A.unexpected B.worsened C.affected D.improved24.A.regarded B.used C.described D.identified25.A.assistance B.belief C.encouragement D.creativity26.A.guards B.locals C.construction D.shelter27.A.offices B.caves C.facilities D.buildings28.A.explored B.discovered C.remembered D.numbered29.A.ideas B.problems C.warnings D.puzzles30.A.development B.challenges C.protection D.damage31.A.support B.management C.planning D.report32.A.officially B.intentionally C.carelessly D.easily33.A.business B.program C.career D.study34A.food B.money C.information D.training35.A.enjoyed B.recognized C.discussed D.ignored第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Manypeopleholdatleastonememoryofakitefromtheirchildhoods.Itcouldbeasunnyspringdayin____36____openareawithfamilymembers.____37____thewindpicksup,theflyerrunsasfastastheycan,untilthekiteclimbshighintotheskyanddances____38____theair.Kites’originscandatebacktothelateSpringandAutumnPeriod(770——476BC).HistoricalaccountsshowedthatphilosopherMozispentthreeyearscraftingawoodenhawk,____39____isbelievedtobeaprototype(原型)oftoday’skite.Later,LuBanmadeimprovementsbyusingbambooinsteadofwood.Kitesareconsideredoneofthe____40____(early)formsofaircraft.Peopleobservedbirdsandthoughtofusingwoodandpaper____41____(make)objectsthatcouldflyinthesky.They____42____(drive)bycuriosityandaspiritofscientific____43____(explore)tounderstandandmakeuseofthepowerofwind.InChina,Weifang,Beijing,TianjinandJiangsuprovince’sNantongarefourmajorareasthatarecelebratedforuniquekite-making____44____(skill).Yettheyallsharethesamedevotiontopreservingand_____45_____(promote)traditionalcraftsmanship.第四部分写作(共三节，满分50分)第一节单词拼写(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)根据所给的中文提示，填写适当的单词。将每一题的答案写在答题卡相应的横线上。46.______(受到启发)bydolphins,peoplehavelearnthowtosendsignalsunderwater.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)47.Arrivingatthefinishline,Danielsawlotsofpeoplewaitingonboatsto______(欢迎)him.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)48.Theorganizationwasformedwiththe______(目的)ofhelpinglocalpeople.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)49.Today,chopstickshavebecomea______(典型的)partofChineseculture.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)50.Wecanchoosehowto______(回应)tosituationsthataredifficult,orboring,ordangerous.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)51.Hergrandmawasthemostlovingandgivingpersonsheknew,anditwasherfamily’s______(责任)tota