江苏省南通等苏北七市2025届高三英语三模考试试题含解析

PAGE32-江苏省南通等苏北七市2025届高三英语三模考试试题（含解析）第一部分听力(共两节，满分20分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Howmuchdidthebookcost?A.£13.B.£15.C.£17.2.Whatwastheweatherlikelastwinter?A.Snowy.B.Windy.C.Rainy.3.Wheredoesthewomanwanttogoonholiday?A.Tothebeach.B.Tothemountains.C.Tothegrasslands.4.Whatdoesthemanthinkofhisnewapartment?A.IthasagoodviewB.Itisalittlesmall.C.Itiswarm.5.Whyhavetheorganizersputoffthematch?A.Severalplayersaresick.B.Thefieldisn'tingoodcondition.C.Theweathertodayisn’tsuitableforit.其次节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inasupermarket.B.Inarestaurant.C.Athome.7.Whatdidthemanforgettobuy?A.Icecream.B.Pizzas.C.Salad.听第7段材料,回答第8至10题。8.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Classmates.B.Fatheranddaughter.C.Salesclerkandcustomer.9.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Whethertochangeaphone.B.Howtochooseaphone.C.Whentobuyaphone.10.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A.Askherparents.B.Trustthesalesperson.C.Readbuyers'reviews.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Whendidthemanbeginhislesson?A.Yesterday.B.Lastweek.C.Amonthago.12.Whatistheman'sopiniononhisfirstlesson?A.Boring.B.Difficult.C.Interesting.13.Whatdoesthewomansayaboutherteacher?A.Shewasahumorousperson.B.Shewasanexcellentrider.C.Shewasagoodteacher.听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。14.Whydidthemanbuildhiswebsiteatfirst?A.Tocreateanonlinediscussionamongteenagers.B.Toencourageteenagerstoreadmore.C.Todevelopteenagers’writingskills.15.Howdoesthemandescribehistypicalday?A.Hehasdifferentthingstodealwith.B.Hedoesn'thaveanytimetorelax.C.Hecan'tkeeptohisplans.16.Whatwouldthemanliketodowhenheturns18?A.Toworkforabigcompany.B.Tostudyforadegree.C.Torunabusiness.听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。17.Howlongwillittaketogettothemuseum?A.About20minutes.B.About30minutes.C.About50minutes.18.Whatisspecialaboutthetripforthestudents?A.Theywilltakeatestafterreturningtoschool.B.Theycantakeoldringsoutofcontainers.C.Theycanpickupancientpotstostudy.19.HowdothestudentslookforinformationintheTechnologyCenter?A.Byworkingoncomputers.B.ByaskingJaneWitton.C.ByusingiPads.20.Whatdoesthespeakerwantthestudentstodo?A.Makepostcards.B.Drawposters.C.Givereports.其次部分英语学问运用（共两节，满分35分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）请仔细阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。1.Policieshavebeenmadetohelptheprovincehardhitbythedisasterto________economy.A.review B.reveal C.recover D.reserve【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了帮助在灾难中受到重创的省份复原经济，一些政策已经被制定出来了。A.review复查，反思；B.reveal揭示，透露；C.recover复原；D.reserve预定，保留。横线后面的宾语为经济，再结合“provincehardhitbythedisaster”（受到灾难重创的省份）可知，制定政策应当是要复原这些省份的经济。故选C项。2._______thechangeswedesire,wemustbewillingtobehaveinwaysthatpromotethem.A.Create B.Creating C.Havingcreated D.Tocreate【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：为了创建我们想要的变更，我们必需情愿以促进变更的方式行事。分析句意可知，此处指“为了创建我们想要的变更”，表目的，应用动词不定式（todo）形式。故选D项。3.Intheyearstocome,everyonewillbeabletotakepridein______werespondedtothischallenge.A.what B.when C.that D.how【答案】D【解析】【分析】【详解】考查名词性从句的宾语从句。句意：在将来的岁月里，每个人都会为我们如何应对挑战的方式感到骄傲。分析句子，本句为复合句。其中短语takepridein对……感到骄傲，介词in后的全部内容做介词的宾语。宾语从句werespondedtothischallenge.我们回应这个挑战，缺少方式状语，副词how表示方式，意为“怎样，如何”，符合句意。故选D项。4.Attheonlinejobfair,studentscanreviewjobopportunities,__________theirCVsandhaveinterviewsremotely.A.dropoff B.makeup C.cutout D.putaway【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在网上聘请会上，学生可以查看工作机会，投递简历，远程面试。A.dropoff放下、递交；B.makeup编造；C.cutout切断；D.putaway放好。依据空后的“theirCVsandhaveinterviews”可知此处表示“投递简历”，故A项正确。5.—Fancymeetingyouhere!Areyoualibrarian?—Notreally.I________myvolunteereffortuntilthenewtermbegins.A.willjustcontribute B.havejustcontributed C.justcontribute D.amjustcontributing【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查时态。句意：——很兴奋在这儿见到你！你是图书馆管理员吗？——并不是。我只是在做志愿者工作，始终做到新学期起先。依据语境和句中给出的时间状语untilthenewtermbegins可知，讲话者目前正在从事志愿者工作，表示说话时正在进行的动作，符合现在进行时的特点，要用现在进行时。故选D项。6.Theprojectthatweareworkinghardtosee_______nextmonthwillrelievethetrafficpressure.A.tobecompleted B.completing C.completed D.complete【答案】C【解析】【分析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们正在努力争取下个月完成的项目将缓解交通压力。分析句子可知，本句为含有定语从句的复合句，其中theproject为先行词，在定语从句weareworkinghardtosee_______nextmonth中做see的宾语；依据seesth.done看到某事被做完，project和complete为动宾关系，所以运用过去分词作宾语补足语。选项C符合题意。故选C项。7.WhenStanleyfinallymadeittothelecturehall,theprofessor________hisspeechforhalfanhour.A.haddelivered B.delivered C.wasdelivering D.hasdelivered【答案】A【解析】【分析】【详解】考查动词时态。句意：当斯坦利最终来到演讲厅时，教授已经演讲半个小时了。依据句意，“deliver”这一动作发生在“madeit”之前，when引导的时间状语从句表示过去发生的动作，故“发表演讲”是发生在“过去的过去”的动作，用过去完成时，故选A。【点睛】过去完成时用法解析：1、表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。表示的时间是"过去的过去"常与bylastyear,bythetimeofyesterday,等连用。如：Shesaidshehadseenthefilm4times.她说她看过这部电影4次。WhenMrLigottotheclassroom,allthestudentshadbegunreading.当李老师到教室时，全部的学生都起先阅读了。2、表示从过去某一时间起先始终持续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。常与for(后跟段时间)或since(后跟点时间)等连用.如：Shehadworkedinthisschoolsinceitopened25yearsago.自从这所学校25年前开办以来就始终在那里工作。8.ThestudentisgratefultohisEnglishteacher,without________encouragementhewouldn'thavepulledthrough.A.what B.whose C.whom D.which【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这个学生很感谢他的英语老师，没有老师的激励，他不会康复。分析句子可知，without________encouragementhewouldn'thavepulledthrough是定语从句，先行词是hisEnglishteacher，从句中作定语，修饰encouragement，故用关系代词whose。故选B。【点睛】定语从句中whose的用法whose引导的定语从句是语法重点，要学好whose引导的定语从句的用法，应留意以下六个方面。一、whose为who的全部格，作“某(些)人的……”解，它所指代的先行词必需是人，其引导的定语从句修饰它的先行词，同时它本身在从句中作定语。Thisisthelittlegirlwhoseparentswerekilledinthegreatearthquake.这就是在那次大地震中失去双亲的那个小姑娘。二、whose也可作which的全部格，作“某(些)物的……”解，它所指代的先行词必需是物，其语法功能同上。ThecompanywhosenamewasNotcowasinAustralia.那个名叫诺特可的公司设在澳大利亚。三、由于whose具有兼作who和which的全部格的双重功能，故在指人时可用ofwhom代替whose，指物时可用ofwhich代替whose。Thiskindofbookisforchildrenwhosenativelanguage(=thenativelanguageofwhom)isChinese.这种书是给母语是汉语的儿童看的。9.Promotingthe______ofenergyandcarbonfootprintreductionisanessentialpartofbuildinganecologicalcivilization.A.consumption B.conservation C.constitution D.construction【答案】B【解析】【分析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：提升能源爱护和削减碳踪迹是建设生态文明的重要组成部分。A.consumption消费；B.conservation爱护；避开奢侈；C.constitution建立；组成；D.construction建筑；建立。依据下文的buildinganecologicalcivilization可知，能源爱护是生态文化的一部分，故选B。10.TheartistsstagedmusicanddanceswithNantongfeaturesatthefolkfestival,winningapplause_________.A.atwill B.atrandom C.atintervals D.atodds【答案】C【解析】【分析】【详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：艺术家们在民间艺术节上表演了南通特色的歌舞，时常地赢得阵阵掌声。A.atwill随意地；随意地；B.atrandom随机的；C.atintervals间或；时常；D.atodds有分歧；不一样。依据句意，表演时常地赢得掌声。故选C。11.ItwasintheLakeDistrict,atouristattractioninEngland________theymeteachotherandbecamefastfriends.A.where B.which C.when D.that【答案】D【解析】【分析】【详解】考查强调句。句意：就是在湖区——英格兰一处旅游胜地——他们遇到了彼此并成为了挚友。分析句子结构可知，这里并非England或LakeDistrict作先行词的定语从句，而是符合itis/was…that/who结构的强调句。强调的是介词短语。故选D项。【点睛】强调句与状语从句、定语从句等其他句型是比较简洁混淆的，这里有一个重要的区分方法：区分强调句式与其他句子的关键是看去掉Itis/was…that/who…后是否影响句子的结构与意义。假如去掉该结构不影响句子的完整性就是强调句。该小题中假如去掉Itwas…that后句子就变为TheymeteachotherandbecamefastfriendsintheLakeDistrict（省略插入语），明显结构与意义都是完整的，的确为强调句。12.VisitorswhohavebookedticketsonlinecanshowtheirIDcardsorother_______documentstoenterthemuseum.A.blank B.valid C.lame D.plain【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：在网上订票的游客可以出示身份证或其他有效证件进入博物馆。A.blank空白的；B.valid有效的；C.lame跛足的；D.plain朴实的。依据“theirIDcards”可知此处表示“有效证件”，故B项正确。13.Undertheregulation,restaurantsandhotelsshallstopofferingthrowawayitems_______customersrequestthem.A.since B.once C.unless D.until【答案】C【解析】【分析】【详解】考查状语从句的连接词。句意：依据规定，餐馆和酒店应停止供应一次性物品，除非顾客要求。since作为连词，表示“自从”，引导时间状语从句，表示“因为”，引导缘由状语从句；once用作连词，既可以表示“条件”（=if,aslongas），也可以表示“时间”（=assoonas）；unless意为“除非，假如不”，常用来引导条件状语从句；until作为连词，意为“直到”引导时间状语从句。分析句子可知，假如顾客不要求的话，依据规定，餐馆和酒店应停止供应一次性物品。状语从句表示条件，结合选项看，选项C符合题意。故选C项。14.TheapplicationofAItechnologiesinhealthcareindustryisinaninitialstagecomparedwith_______inautomaticdriving.A.it B.that C.those D.ones【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查代词。句意：人工智能技术在医疗产业中的应用相较于在自动驾驶领域的应用，还处在初始阶段。分析句子可知，空白处所指的仍是前句中的TheapplicationofAItechnologies，是不行数名词，这时要用that来指代已提过的名词以避开重复。故选B项。15.—Iwillgotothebanktopayfortheelectricitybill.—_______?Actually,youcanuseAlipay.A.Whybother B.Sowhat C.Whynot D.Whatfor【答案】A【解析】【分析】【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——我要去银行交电费。——何必麻烦呢？事实上，你可以运用支付宝。A.Whybother何苦，何必麻烦；B.Sowhat那又怎样？C.Whynot为什么不呢？D.Whatfor为何？依据语境，空白处应当是认为去银行交电费太麻烦了，且后面给出了简洁的方法，结合选项，故选A。其次节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）请仔细阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Imovedtoanewcityandtookajobinmarketing.Ididn'treallyunderstandwhetherit____16____me.IenjoyeddoingthingsthatIfelthad____17____—Icouldseetheirbenefitandfeeltheirimpact.Asthemonthspassed,Ifeltitjustwasn'tforme.Ineededtofindawayout.Ajobadvertisementfora(n)____18____foranewyouthmagazinecameatexactlytherighttime.Iappliedandwas____19____.Myrolewastohelpteamsofyoungpeopleedittheir____20____andhelpthemwiththeirwork.Ihadassumedthemagazinewouldbea(n)____21____ofgamesanddullreviews,soIwas____22____whenoneofthefirstpieceswrittenwasaboutsocialwelfare.____23____,IfoundsomethingIwasinterestedin.Ifelta____24____inmestraightaway.Ihadapurposeagain.Dayswerelosttodiscussinghottopicsand_____25_____thewordsoftheirstrongandopinionated(坚持己见的)voices._____26_____intheirworld,Icouldseemyselfmakingadifferencetotheteam's_____27_____ability.Asourwebsite_____28_____increasedandtheworkshiftedtoreflectwhatour_____29_____wanted,Idevelopedagreater_____30_____ofwhatyoungpeoplemightwanttoread.Thebiggestchangethejobbrought,_____31_____,wastomywell-being.Itisrareyoufindyourselfinajobyoulove,onethatyouarehappyto_____32_____eachday.Iwasthriving(充溢）inthis_____33_____environment,inspiredbythetalentedyoungpeopleIwashelpingto_____34_____theircareers.Now,Irealizethattherearejobsthatwillkeepyouhappy,_____35_____andinspired.16.A.messedwith B.appliedto C.reliedon D.waitedfor17.A.purpose B.convenience C.restriction D.entertainment18.A.reporter B.lawyer C.editor D.typist19.A.independent B.intelligent C.successful D.ambitious20.A.courses B.references C.software D.content21.A.replacement B.mixture C.innovation D.symbol22.A.amused B.embarrassed C.touched D.surprised23.A.Naturally B.Generally C.Frequently D.Finally24.A.contrast B.shock C.change D.shame25.A.reading B.translating C.spelling D.copying26.A.Trapped B.Hidden C.Invested D.Imagined27.A.gaming B.marketing C.writing D.communicating28.A.hits B.pages C.profits D.advertisements29.A.monitors B.sponsors C.colleagues D.audiences30.A.distinction B.understanding C.expectation D.recording31.A.though B.instead C.otherwise D.therefore32.A.gointo B.leavebehind C.referto D.setaside33.A.troublesome B.creative C.tough D.conservative34.A.transfer B.rescue C.discipline D.further35.A.lucky B.popular C.energetic D.honest【答案】16.B17.A18.C19.C20.D21.B22.D23.D24.C25.A26.C27.C28.A29.D30.B31.A32.A33.B34.D35.C【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲解并描述了作者喜爱做有目的性的事情，因此找了一份编辑工作，在这份工作中，作者得到了欢乐和成长。【16题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我真的不明白这是否适用于我。A.messedwith搞砸了；B.appliedto适用；C.reliedon依靠；D.waitedfor等待。由下文的Ifeltitjustwasn'tforme可知，作者这时不明白这个销售工作是否适用于自己。故选B项。【17题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我喜爱做我觉得有目的的事情——我能看到它们的好处，感受它们的影响。A.purpose目的；B.convenience便利；C.restriction限制；D.entertainment消遣。由下文的Ihadapurposeagain可知，作者做事喜爱有目的。故选A项。【18题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：为一家新青年杂志社聘请编辑的聘请广告来得正是时候。A.reporter记者；B.lawyer律师；C.editor编辑；D.typist打字员。由下文的Myrolewastohelpteamsofyoungpeopleedit可知，此处招的是编辑。故选C项。【19题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我申请胜利了。A.independent独立的；B.intelligent聪慧的；C.successful胜利的；D.ambitious有志向的。由下文可知，作者在这家杂志社从事编辑工作，所以作者申请工作胜利了。故选C项。【20题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的职责是帮助年轻人编辑他们的内容，并帮助他们完成工作。A.courses课程；B.references参考书；C.software软件；D.content内容。由上文语境可知，作者申请杂志编辑的工作，所以职责是帮助年轻人编辑他们的内容，并帮助他们完成工作。故选D项。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我以为这本杂志是嬉戏和枯燥评论的混合体。A.replacement代替；B.mixture混合；C.innovation创新；D.symbol标记。由下文的gamesanddullreviews可知，作者本以为这本杂志是嬉戏和枯燥评论的混合体。故选B项。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我以为这本杂志是嬉戏和枯燥评论的混合体，所以当我第一篇写的是关于社会福利的文章时，我很惊异。A.amused开心的；B.embarrassed尴尬的；C.touched感动的；D.surprised惊异的。由上文语境可知，作者本以为这本杂志是嬉戏和枯燥评论的混合体，但作者第一篇写的是关于社会福利的文章，所以作者会惊异。故选D项。【23题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：最终，我找到了我感爱好的东西。A.Naturally自然地；B.Generally一般地；C.Frequently频繁地；D.Finally最终地。由全文语境可知，作者一起先找到了不适合自己的销售工作到最终申请去当编辑做自己喜爱的事，所以，最终，找到了自己感爱好的东西。故选D项。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我立即感觉到了自己的变更。A.contrast对比；B.shock震惊；C.change变更；D.shame耻辱。由下文的Thebiggestchangethejobbrought可知，此处指作者感到了一种变更。故选C项。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：几天的时间都奢侈在探讨热门话题和阅读他们剧烈而固执己见话语的声音上了。A.reading阅读；B.translating翻译；C.spelling拼法；D.copying复制。由上文语境可知，作者是一位编辑，所以要阅读剧烈而固执己见的话语。故选A项。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：投入在他们的世界里，我可以看到自己对团队的写作实力产生了影响。A.Trapped困住；B.Hidden躲藏；C.Invested投入；D.Imagined想象。由下文语境可知，作者发觉自己对团队的写作实力产生了影响，说明作者投入了年轻人的世界，仔细地阅读他们剧烈而固执己见的话语，所以对写作实力有影响。故选C项。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：投入在他们的世界里，我可以看到自己对团队的写作实力产生了影响。A.gaming打赌、赌输；B.marketing推销；C.writing写作；D.communicating沟通。由上文语境可知，作者是一位编辑，作者仔细地阅读他们剧烈而固执己见的话语，所以对写作实力有影响。故选C项。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着我们网站点击率的增加，工作转变为反映我们的读者想要什么。A.hits点击；B.pages页码；C.profits利益；D.advertisements广告。由上文的website可知，此处指网站点击率。故选A项。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着我们网站点击率的增加，工作转变为反映我们的读者想要什么。A.monitors监控器；B.sponsors赞助者；C.colleagues同事；D.audiences读者、观众。由上文语境可知，作者是一位编辑，他的工作对象应当是读者。故选D项。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我对年轻人可能想要阅读有了更深化的了解。A.distinction区分；B.understanding理解；C.expectation期望；D.recording记录。由上文语境可知，作者的工作反映他们的读者想要什么，说明作者对年轻人可能想要阅读有了更深化的了解。故选B项。【31题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：不过，这份工作给我带来的最大变更是我的华蜜。A.though不过；B.instead代替；C.otherwise否则；D.therefore因此。由全文语境可知，此处指“不过”，应用though，符合语境。故选A项。【32题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：很少有人能找到自己喜爱且每天都乐于从事的工作。A.gointo从事；B.leavebehind留下；C.referto提及；D.setaside搁置。由上文的ajobyoulove可知，此处指喜爱且每天都乐于从事的工作。故选A项。【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我在这个充溢创建力的环境中强壮成长。A.troublesome麻烦的；B.creative创建力的；C.tough艰难的；D.conservative保守的。由上下文语境可知，作者为年轻人工作，写作实力得到了提升，被他们激励/赐予灵感，说明这是一个具有创建力的环境。故选B项。34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：受到我帮助他们进一步发展事业的有才华的年轻人所激励。A.transfer转移；B.rescue挽救；C.discipline惩处；D.further促进、发展。由上文的Myrolewastohelpteamsofyoungpeopleedittheir__5__andhelpthemwiththeirwork可知，作者帮助年轻人进一步发展事业。故选D项。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在，我意识到有些工作会让你欢乐，充溢活力和灵感。A.lucky幸运的；B.popular受欢迎的；C.energetic充溢活力的；D.honest诚恳的。由happy和inspired可知，此处energetic最符合语境。故选C项。第三部分阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）请仔细阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AToMachuPicchuandCusco,searchingforthelostInca(印加人）cityClimbitstoweringstaircasestoaceremonialtemplesetinthemountainface.Theseruinsmarkthestartofthe4-dayIncaTrailtoMachuPicchu,oneoftheworld'smostrewardinghikes.AquickerwaytoreachtheremoteIncacityiscatchingthetraintotheriversidetownofAguasandthenjumpingonabusintothemistymountains.OncethecloudsrisefromthemountainridgeabovetheSacredValley,thetruesplendorofMachuPicchuisfinallyrevealed.It'sahumblingexperiencetostandatanaltitudeofnearly8,000feet,andgazedownattheIncacitybelow.Overlookingthegloriousruins,it'seasytoimaginetheprosperity(紧荣)thispeakmusthavebeenalmost600yearsago.It'soneoftheworld'sgreatestmysterieswhatbecameoftheIncaswhoinhabitedMachuPicchu.WhatwasoncemajordefenseworksinthelargestempireonEarthwasslowlyswallowedbythejungle,onlytobeuncoveredacenturyago.TheIncadynastyhascomeandgone,butIncanfamiliesstillsurviveinthehighlands.Thesemodern-dayChildrenoftheSunstillspeakQuechuaandcontinuetoliveofftheland,althoughmanycometoCuscotoselltheircropsandwoolentextiles.Afterdusk,whenthestoryoftheIncasbecomesawhisperinthenight,Cuscoiscoveredunderastarryblanket.Alandscapesogorgeousthatitdeservestobepreservedforever.36.TheattractionofMachuPicchuliesin_____.A.itstoweringstaircases B.itschangeableweatherC.itsnaturalsceneryandculture D.itswildernessandinaccessibility37.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat_______A.theIncasliketostayupchattingB.MachuPicchuisamilitarybaseC.theQuechualanguageislosttotheworldD.whathappenedtotheIncasremainsunknown【答案】36.C37.D【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了马丘比丘和库斯科两处位于秘鲁的世界知名遗址，人们可以在这里探寻印加古城的遗迹。【36题详解】推理推断题。依据其次段OncethecloudsrisefromthemountainridgeabovetheSacredValley,thetruesplendorofMachuPicchuisfinallyrevealed.It'sahumblingexperiencetostandatanaltitudeofnearly8,000feet,andgazedownattheIncacitybelow.Overlookingthegloriousruins,it'seasytoimaginetheprosperity(紧荣)thispeakmusthavebeenalmost600yearsago.（当乌云从神圣山谷上方的山脊升起时，马丘比丘真正的壮美最终显露出来了。站在近8000英尺的高空俯视印加城是一种令人谦卑的体验。俯瞰着辉煌的废墟，很简洁想象600年前的旺盛景象。）由此推断出，马丘比丘的魅力在于它的自然风光和文化。故选C项。【37题详解】细微环节理解题。依据其次段第一句“It'soneoftheworld'sgreatestmysterieswhatbecameoftheIncaswhoinhabitedMachuPicchu.”可知，居住在马丘比丘的印加人后来怎么样了，始终是世界一大未解之谜。故选D项。BIntheirbook,NineLiesAboutWork,BuckinghamandGoodallmakeasurprisingclaim:theyarguethatgivingpeoplefeedback(反馈)－inthesenseoftellingthemwhatyouthinkthey'redoingrightorwrong,andhowtodoitbetter-isneverworthwhile.Thisrunscountertoacurrentcorporatetrendfor"radicalcandour",forexampleatNetflixwhere,accordingtorecentreports,employees'failingsarecruelly"sunshined"infrontofothers.Whensomeoneisfired,hundredsoftheirformercolleaguesmightreceiveanemail,cataloguingtheirflaws(缺陷).Butitalsocontradictsanassumptionmostofusbringtoourlivesasparentsandfriends-thatit'shelpful,atleastsometimes,andprovidingyoudoitnicely,toexplaintopeoplewherethey'remakingmistakes.BuckinghamandGoodalldon'tjustclaimyoushouldkeepthatknowledgetoyourself:theyclaimthatyoudon'tpossessit,andthat,infact,youprobablydon'tknowhowafailingemployeecouldmosteffectivelychange.It'sanoldcliche(陈词滥调)ofmaritaladvicethatyoushoulduse"I-statements"ratherthan"you-statements",tellingtheotherpersonhowtheirbehaviourmakesyoufeel,ratherthanattackingthemforbeingselfishandincompetent.Thestandardtheoryisthatyou-statementscausepeopletoresponddefensively.Butanotheristhatyou'reaterriblejudgeofwhethersomeoneisselfishorincompetent.AsBuckinghamwrites:"Theonlyareainwhichhumansareanunimpeachable(无懈可击的)sourceoftruthisthatoftheirownfeelingsandexperiences."Plentyofresearchshowswe'reparticularlybadatratingpeopleagainstabstractcriteria,whichmeansonecommonfeatureofworkplaceperformancereviews-assessingwhetheranemployeeis,say,astrategicthinkerorteamplayer-isessentiallypointless.Weshouldreplacethissortofjudgmentwith"reactions".Don'ttellotherswhatyouthinkoftheirskills,orhowgoodyouthinktheyare;instead,focusondescribingyourexperienceoftheirwork.You'renogoodatjudginghowsomeoneelseshouldchangetheirapproachtodeliveringpresentations.Butyou'retheauthorityonwhetheragivenpresentationwaspersuasiveorboringtoyou.Andpositivereactions,theyshow,workbetterthannegativeones:weexcel"whenpeoplewhoknowusandcareaboutustelluswhattheyexperienceandwhattheyfeel,andinparticularwhentheyseesomethingwithinusthatreallyworks".There'sadeeppointhere-thatthebestkindofpraisefocusesonhowsomeonemadeyoufeel,notonevaluatingtheirtalent.Praisethemforinspiringyou,persuadingyou,orhelpingyougraspacomplexissue.Youreallyaretheonlyobjectivejudgeofthat.38.Theunderlinedword"it"inParagraph1refersto"_______”.A.givingpeoplefeedbackB.cataloguingcolleagues'flawsC.contradictingparents’assumptionD.keepingthatknowledgetoyourself39.Feedbackisneverworthwhileinthat_________.A.peopletendtodefenditB.itisbasedontheoryandtruthC.itissubjectiveandlacksuniquenessD.peoplewilleffectivelychangethemselves40.Whichofthefollowingisthemostappropriatetocommentonothers?A."Youhavedoneagoodjobinthemid-termexams."B."Iaminspiredbythecreativeideasinyourpresentation.C."Youjustthinkofyourself,butnevercareaboutothers."D."I'msorrytosayyouhavefailedtomeetmyexpectations."【答案】38.A39.C40.B【解析】这是一篇说明文。Buckingham和Goodall在他们的书NineLiesAboutWork中提出：从告知他们你认为他们做的是对是错的意义上讲，人们的反馈是没有价值的。这与当前“激进坦率”的共同趋势南辕北辙。【38题详解】词义揣测题。依据下划线单词后的toexplaintopeoplewherethey'remakingmistakes可知，向人们说明他们在哪里犯错。因此it指代的是向人们说明他们在哪里犯错；依据第一段theyarguethatgivingpeoplefeedback(反馈)－inthesenseoftellingthemwhatyouthinkthey'redoingrightorwrong,andhowtodoitbetter-isneverworthwhile.可知，他们认为，从告知他们你认为他们做的是对是错的意义上讲，人们的反馈是没有价值的。因此，向人们说明他们在哪里犯错是在做反馈。所以，it指代的是给人们反馈。故选A。【39题详解】推理推断题。依据其次段BuckinghamandGoodalldon'tjustclaimyoushouldkeepthatknowledgetoyourself:theyclaimthatyoudon'tpossessit,andthat,infact,youprobablydon'tknowhowafailingemployeecouldmosteffectivelychange.可知，Buckingham和Goodall不是只认为你应当对这些内容保密，他们认为你并不拥有这些内容。事实上，你可能不知道一个失败的员工如何才能最有效地变更。由此可知，他们认为反馈是主观的，只是说话者自己的观点；依据第三段Plentyofresearchshowswe'reparticularlybadatratingpeopleagainstabstractcriteria,whichmeansonecommonfeatureofworkplaceperformancereviews-assessingwhetheranemployeeis,say,astrategicthinkerorteamplayer-isessentiallypointless可知，大量探讨显示，我们特殊不擅长用抽象的标准来评价人，这就意味着，本质上，评估员工是否是战略思索者或团队成员，这样的具有共性的工作场所绩效评估都有是毫无意义的。由此由此可知，反馈是相同的，缺乏独特性。所以，反馈没有价值是因为它是主观的，缺乏独特性。故选C。【40题详解】推理推断题。依据最终一段There'sadeeppointhere-thatthebestkindofpraisefocusesonhowsomeonemadeyoufeel,notonevaluatingtheirtalent.Praisethemforinspiringyou,persuadingyou,orhelpingyougraspacomplexissue.可知，有一个很重要的点：最好的赞美专注于某人给你的感觉上，而不是评价他们的才能。赞扬他们鼓舞你，劝服你，或帮助你理解了一个困难的问题。因此，B选项“你演讲中的创意给了我灵感。”是对别人最合适的评论。故选B。CBirdsusevocalizationstoattractmates,defendterritories,andrecognizefellowmembersoftheirspecies.Butwhileweknowalotabouthowvariationsinvocalizationsplayoutbetweenpopulationsofsongbirds,it'sfarlessclearhowthisvariationaffectsbirdssuchaspenguinsinwhichcallsareinherited(遗传).AnewstudyfromTheAuk:OrnithologicalAdvancesexaminesdifferencesinthecallsofLittlePenguinsfromfourcoloniesinAustralia-night-timebirdsforwhomvocalizationsaremoreimportantthanvisualsignals-andfindsthatdifferencesinhabitat,ratherthangeographicisolation(隔离)orotherfactors,seemtobethekeydriverofvariationinthesoundsthesebirdsusetocommunicate.DianeColombelli-NegrelandRachelSmaleofAustralia'sFlindersUniversityrecordedcallsfromfourLittlePenguinpopulationsacrossasmallareaofSouthAustralia,oneofwhichhadpreviouslybeenshowntohaveslightgeneticdifferencesfromtheotherthree,andusedplaybackexperimentstotestpenguinsabilitytodistinguishbetweencallsfromdifferentcolonies.Theyfoundthatagonisticcalls,whichareusedinpairdisplaysandaggressivesituations,variedamongthefourpopulations,andthatthecalls'characteristicsappearedtodependonsmall-scaledifferencesinthehabitatwherethepenguinslived.However,birdsdidnotdiscriminatebetweencallsoriginatingfromdifferentcolonies,whichsuggeststhatagonisticcallsdon'tseemtoplayaroleinisolatingthetwodifferentgeneticgroups.Penguinslivinginopenhabitatsproducedlower-frequencycallsthanthoselivinginhabitatswiththickervegetation-theoppositeofthetrendtypicallyobservedinsongbirds.Theauthorsthinkthatagonisticcallsmaybesubjecttodifferentselectivepressuresbecausethey'reusedincloseencounterswithotherbirdsratherthantocommunicateacrossdistances,andcouldalsobeinfluencedbyvariationinthenoiselevelofwindandsurf.“Iwasexcitedtofindthatinseabirds,asmostofourknowledgeinthisareacomesfromstudiesonsongbirds,"saysColombelli-Negrel."Thisnewresearchsuggeststhatmanyfactorsinfluencecallvariationinbirds,whichalsodependsonthefunctionofthecalls.Thisstudyhighlightsthatmanyquestionsremainandthatstudiesneedtoinvestigatemorethanonefactorinconjunctionwiththefunctionofthecallstofullyunderstandcallvariationinseabirds.”“ThisworktellsaninterestingstoryofvocaldiversificationinLittlePenguins,andgivesinsightintohowindividualandmicro-scalevariationeffectsbehavior,"accordingtoStonyBrookUniversity'sHeatherLynch,anexpertonpenguincallswhowasnotinvolvedinthestudy."Non-vocal-learningbirdsarerelativelyunderstudiedintermsofvocalizations,anditisgreattoseepenguinvocalizationsbeingstudiedinsuchaway."41.Whatdoesthenewstudyfind?A.Penguinsarebornwiththeircalls.B.Penguinscommunicatebyvariouscalls.C.Penguins'callsareinfluencedbytheirhabitat.D.Penguins'callscanhelpisolategeneticgroups.42.Whatarethefindingsbasedon?A.Thetestofpenguins'responsestorecordedcalls.B.ThedatacollectedfrompenguinsacrossAustralia.C.Controlledexperimentsonpenguinsandsongbirds.D.Similaritiesbetweenthecallsofpenguinsandsongbirds.43.Fromthepassagewecanlearnthat.A.open-spacesongbirdstendtolowertheircallsB.environmentalnoisesmayaffectpenguins'callsC.birdsuseagonisticcallsindistantcommunicationD.songbirds'agonisticcallsvarylittlebetweenspecies44.WecaninferfromColombelli-Negrel'swordsthatresearchers.A.willkeeptrackofpenguinstopreservethemB.haveinvestigatedalotinpenguins'callsbeforeC.willhaveabroaderlookatdifferencesinpenguins'callsD.havedeterminedthefunctionofvariouscallsinpenguins【答案】41.C42.A43.B44.C【解析】这是一篇说明文。讲解并描述了一项关于企鹅的新的探讨：企鹅叫声的差异源自其栖息地的不同，而不是地理隔离或其他因素，同时说明白这个探讨中仍旧还有问题存在。【41题详解】细微环节理解题。依据第一段AnewstudyfromTheAuk:OrnithologicalAdvancesexaminesdifferencesinthecallsofLittlePenguinsfromfourcoloniesinAustralia-night-timebirdsforwhomvocalizationsaremoreimportantthanvisualsignals-andfindsthatdifferencesinh