专题四　第2讲　名词性从句

第2讲名词性从句

英语大一轮复习语法专题专题四时间名词性从句是在句子中起名词作用的句子，它的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中可作主语、宾语、表语和同位语，因此名词性从句又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。Manystudentsdon’tknowwhattheyshoulddo①，butwhatXiaoMengwantstodo②isearnmoney.Thereasonisthatshewantstolessenherparents’burden③.Itissaidthatmanysmallcompaniesneedgraduatestodopart-timejobs②.XiaoMenghasappliedfortwojobsbutsheisnotsurewhethershewillbeemployed①.Shealsowonderswhenshewillbeadmittedtoacollege①andwhichcityshewillgo①.Sheisanxiousforthenewsthatsheisadmittedtoagooduniversity④.规则感悟①位于及物动词或形容词之后的从句是宾语从句。②谓语动词之前的从句为主语从句。此外，该从句可以用it作形式主语。③位于be动词之后的从句是表语从句。④位于抽象名词之后，解释该名词内容的从句为同位语从句。1.名词性从句的引导词如下表所示

引导词功能从属连词that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有词汇意义whether，if在从句中不作任何成分，意为“是否”because，asif/though在从句中不作任何成分，分别意为“因为”“好像”

引导词功能连接代词who(ever)，whom(ever)，what(ever)，whose，which-(ever)who(ever)和what(ever)在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；whom(ever)在从句中作宾语；which(ever)在从句中作主语、宾语；whose在从句中作定语连接副词when(ever)，where，wherever，why，how(ever)在从句中作状语2.名词性从句的语序是陈述语序Doyouknowwherewillthepartybeheld？(×)Doyouknowwherethepartywillbeheld？(√)3.名词性从句的时态(1)当主句是现在时态(一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时)时，从句可根据实际情况使用各种时态。Itannoysmethathebrokemyfavouritevase.他打碎了我最喜欢的花瓶，这令我很生气。Doyouknowwhenandwhereheboughtthebook？你知道他什么时候在哪里买的这本书吗？Ihaveheardthatourteacherwillcomebacktomorrow.我听说我们的老师明天就回来了。(2)当主句的谓语动词是过去时的时候，宾语从句若不是一个客观事实或真理，其谓语动词也用某种过去时态。Iaskedherifshewouldallowmetointerviewher，andshereadilyagreed.我问她是否允许我采访她，她欣然同意了。Myteachersaidthatthesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.老师说太阳从东方升起西方落下。(客观真理)4.what与that的用法that是从属连词，在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，也没有任何意义。而what是连接代词，在名词性从句中充当成分，通常充当主语、宾语或表语。IbelievethatIwillsucceedifIstudyhard.我相信如果我努力学习我会成功的。Ibelievewhathesaidbecauseheisanhonestman.我相信他说的话，因为他是个诚实的人。5.whether与if的用法(1)用whether或if均可的情况①引导大部分动词后的宾语从句时，两者均可使用。②it作形式主语，且主语从句在句末时，两者均可引导主语从句。(2)用whether而不用if的情况①引导主语从句置于句首时；②引导表语从句和同位语从句时；③引导介词的宾语从句时；④引导词与ornot连用时；⑤引导词后接todo时；⑥有些动词如discuss，decide等后的宾语从句。6.what，who，which与whatever，whoever，whichever引导名词性从句的区别(1)what引导名词性从句意为“什么”，带有疑问意味；意为“……的事情”，表示肯定的意思。who意思是“谁”，带有疑问意味；which意思是“哪一个”，带有疑问意味。Doyouknowwhobrokethewindow?你知道是谁打坏的窗子吗？(2)whatever，whoever，whichever意思分别为“所……的一切事或东西”“任何……的人”“……的任何一种东西”等，并且充当成分，相当于anythingthat，anyonewho等。Sheisverydeartome.Wehavebeenpreparedtodowhateverittakestosaveherlife.＝Sheisverydeartome.Wehavebeenpreparedtodoanythingthatittakestosaveherlife.她是我的至亲，我们已经准备好了不惜一切代价救她的命。7.that不可省略的情况(1)that引导主语从句且从句置于句首时；that引导表语从句时；that引导同位语从句时；当it作形式宾语，that引导的从句作真正的宾语时。(2)当主句谓语后接两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，第一个that可省略，其他的that不可省略。Shesaid(that)herambitionwastoenterakeyuniversity，thatshewouldstudyhardtomakeherdreamcometrue，andthatshewouldliveuptoherparents’expectations.她说她的志向是考上一所重点大学，她会努力学习，实现自己的梦想，不辜负父母的期望。8.同位语从句位于表示概念或思维的抽象名词之后，对该抽象名词起解释说明的作用常见的抽象名词有news，idea，fact，promise，conclusion，theory，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，word(消息)，possibility，decision等。Atfirstmanypeoplewereastonishedattheconclusionthattheearthwasnotthecentreoftheuniverse.起初很多人对地球不是宇宙中心这一结论感到惊讶。9.why与because引导表语从句的区别why与because引导表语从句时，前者强调结果，后者强调原因。Ihadacold.ThatwaswhyIdidn’tattendschool.我感冒了，因此我没去上学。Ididn’tattendschool.ThatwasbecauseIhadacold.我没去上学，那是因为我感冒了。注意：(1)句子的主语为thereason时，表语从句用that引导，表示原因，此时不用because。Thereasonwhyshewasillwasthatshehadeatenbadmeat.她生病的原因是她吃了变质的肉。(2)由why引导的从句作主语时，表语从句用that引导。Whywedecidedtoputoffthematchwasthattheweatherwastooterrible.我们决定推迟比赛的原因是天气太糟糕了。10.asif/though引导的表语从句asif/though引导的表语从句通常置于系动词look，seem，sound，be等后面，从句中既可以用虚拟语气，也可用陈述语气。Itsoundsasifsomebodyisknockingat/onthedoor.听起来好像有人在敲门。Shetreatshimasifhewereastranger.她待他如陌生人。11.同位语从句和定语从句的区别同位语从句是用于解释说明所修饰名词的具体内容的，而定语从句是对作先行词的名词的限制、描绘或说明。that在同位语从句中只是连接主从句，没有任何意义，不在从句中充当句子成分；that在定语从句中是关系代词，不但连接主从句，而且指代被修饰的名词或代词(即先行词)，在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。IhadnoideathatBrisbanehassomanypeople!(that引导同位语从句，不能省略)Theidea(that)heputforwardatthemeetingisveryreasonable.(that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略)1.Peoplewonder

Qizaiisbrown，giventhathismotherisblackandwhite.Scientistsguessthatit’sduetosomegeneticmutation(基因突变).2.AsianelephantsareamongthemosthighlyprotectedanimalsinChinaand

drovetheelephantstomaketheirlongtripisstillunknown.3.TheyinteractedwithstudentsfromfiveclassroomsacrossChinaandshowedviewers

theyliveandworkinsidethespacestation.对点练习whywhathow4.Thereasonwhyhewaslatewas

hewascaughtinatrafficjam.5.Heexpressedhishope

hewouldvisitChinaagain.6.IwasinsuchahurrythatIpaidnoattentionto

ornotthemilkwashot.对点练习thatthatwhether1.

issobreathtakingabouttheexperienceistheout-of-this-worldscenes.(2021·新课标Ⅰ)2.Byboatistheonlywaytogethere，whichis

wearrived.3.Everyyear，

makesthemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKiteFestival.4.Youhavetoknow

you’regoingifyouaretoplanthebestwayofgettingthere.5.Sheaskedme

Ihadreturnedthebookstothelibrary，andIadmittedthatIhadn’t.Whathowwhoeverwherewhether/ifPARTONE考点分层演练单句语法填空层级一基础达标练1.Hewasnotlookingforothers’smiles，orworryingabout________

someonewaswatchingornot.2.HelenMcCarthy，anauthorandexpertonJapaneseCartoons，explained

thecharacterissopopular.“BecauseHelloKittyisallabouthappiness，friendshipandfun.”3.Myfirsttaskwastodecidewheretogoand

togetthere.4.Studentscanchoose

theywanttodoandregisteronline.whetherwhyhowwhat/whatever5.MrWhiteisopposedtorepairingtheoldbuilding，andthat’s

Idon’tagree.6.Theproblemis

onelesshourofsleepisnotequaltoanextrahourofachievement.7.Twenty-fiveyearslaterthetravelerreturnedtothesameplace.

hesawamazedhim.Hecouldnotbelievehisowneyes.8.Itwasnotclear

thewaterinthereservoirwouldriseagain，andtheexposedwallsoflargebuildingsintheoldcitywoulddisappear.层级一基础达标练wherethatWhatwhen9.Theoutputsareamazinglyvarieddependingon

iswritingtheorders.10.Arealsmileoftencausestheeyestolightuporbecomesmaller.Thisis_________

moremusclesareusedwhenwearehappy.层级一基础达标练whobecause单句语法填空层级二高考真题练1.TheyalsoneedtobereadytogiveinterviewsinEnglishwithinternationaljournalists.Thisis

theyneedanEnglishtrainer.(2023·新课标Ⅱ)2.Cobb，forherpart，startedtoaskconferenceorganizerswhoinvitedhertospeak

shecoulddosoremotely.(2022·浙江1月)3.“Hesavedmyson’slife，”saidMrsBrown.“Idon’tknow

tothankhim.”(2022·新课标Ⅱ)whywhether/ifhow4.Thepoorwomanwasn’tabletogivehimanyinformationabout______

shelived.(2021·北京)5.ItseemedthatIhadbecome

myparentshadwantedmetobe.(2021·天津6月)6.WhatpuzzlesLily’sfriendsis

shealwayshassomanycrazyideas.(2021·天津3月)7.Overthousandsofyears，theybegantodependlesson

couldbehuntedorgatheredfromthewild，andmoreonanimalstheyhadraisedandcropstheyhadsown.(2020·浙江7月)层级二高考真题练wherewhatwhy/thatwhat8.Itisnotaproblem

wecanwinthebattle；it’sjustamatteroftime.(2020·江苏)9.Thestudentcompletedthisexperimenttomakecometrue______

ProfessorJosephhadsaid.(2020·天津7月)10.Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°，thereisevidence

theyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic，andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.(2019·全国Ⅰ)层级二高考真题练whether/ifwhatthat语法填空层级三语篇提能练1.

worriesmyclassmateMaryalotthesedaysis2.

sheputsontoomuchweightandsheisfrequentlyill.Shehassomedoubts3.________sheeatstoomuchfastfoodhighinfatorsugar.Also，withtheCollegeEntranceExaminationapproaching，shebecomesmorestressfulandshecan’tsleepwellthesedays.Whatthat语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的同学玛丽因为最近胖了很多而且经常生病而烦恼，她的父母建议她向王教授咨询。在王教授的帮助下，她通过均衡饮食和运动变得越来越健康。whether1.考查主语从句。分析句子可知，第一个空引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示“什么，所……的”，故用what。位于句首，注意首字母大写。故填What。2.考查表语从句。分析句子可知，is后面为表语从句，从句成分完整，因此用that引导，that无实际意义，在句中不作任何成分。故填that。3.考查同位语从句。分析句子可知，doubt后接的是同位语从句，从句说的是doubt的内容，从句中不缺少成分，缺少“是否”的意思，故填whether。层级三语篇提能练Maybethisis4.

shebecomesfatterthesedays，shethinks.5.

shebecomesslimmerandhealthierhasbeenhermaintask.Soshewantstoconsultsomeexpertsandgainsomeinstructions.Butwhereshecangetbettersuggestionsand6.

willgiveherbetteradvicealsopuzzleher.whyHowwho4.考查表语从句。分析句子可知，is后接的是表语从句，从句中不缺少成分，表示“……的原因”，故填why。5.考查主语从句。分析句子可知，hasbeen前为主语从句，根据句意，表示“如何，怎样”，需用how。位于句首，注意首字母大写。故填How。6.考查主语从句。分析句子可知，空格处为主语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示“谁”，故填who。层级三语篇提能练Itisherparents’suggestion7._____sheshouldconsultProfessorWanginZhongshanHospital.ProfessorWangsuggests8.

shekeepabalanceddietfirst.Sheshouldeatvegetablesandfruithighinfiber，vitaminandprotein.What’smore，ifshewantstoloseweight，shehadbettertakeregularexercisemorethanhalfanhouraday.thatthat7.考查主语从句。分析句子可知，It为形式主语，真正的主语为空后的从句，从句中不缺少成分，且意义完整，故填that。8.考查宾语从句。分析句子可知，suggests后接的是宾语从句，从句中不缺少成分，且意义完整，故填that。层级三语篇提能练MaryaskedProfessorWang9.

sheshouldtakeexercise.ProfessorWangadvisedhertotakeexerciseat5o’clockintheafternoon.Thatis10._________shewillhavemoretimetodosports.ItiswiththehelpofProfessorWangthatMaryhasbecomemuchhealthiernow.whenbecause9.考查宾语从句。分析句子可知，ask接双宾语，空后为宾语从句，从句中缺少状语，根据下文可知此处表示“什么时间”，故填when。10.考查表语从句。分析句子可知，is后接的是表语从句，从句中不缺少成分，表示“原因”，故填because。PARTTWO语法链接写作1.what引导的名词性从句最显眼运用(2021·浙江6月)令我惊讶的是，我爸爸允许我按照我的意愿使用这笔钱。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________典例(2023·新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ)你说的话给了我很大的鼓励，激发了我写作的动力。Whatyousaidgavemeagreatdealofencouragement，whichinspiredmymotivationforwriting.WhatsurprisedmewasthatmydadallowedmetousethemoneyasIwished.2.同位语从句放在开头实力开篇运用(2021·全国乙)没有人能否认在线学习正变得越来越流行这一事实。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________典例(2023·天津6月)我相信这样的活动对于促进跨文化理解和欣赏至关重要，我很高兴有机会分享自己的技能和经验，作为这项努力的一部分。Iholdthebeliefthatsucheventsarecrucialforpromotingcross-culturalunderstandingandappreciation，andIamthrilledtohavetheopportunitytosharemyownskillsandexperienceaspartofthiseffort.Noonecandenythefactthatonlinelearningisbecomingmoreandmorepopular.3.表语从句之前的连词要考虑周全运用(2021·北京)很抱歉，我不能按计划和你出去。原因是我弟弟前几天摔断了腿，我必须照顾他。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________典例(2022·全国甲)我们必须采取措施来保护海洋的原因是它的污染正变得越来越严重。Thereasonwhywemusttakemeasurestoprotecttheoceanisthatitspollutionisbecomingmoreandmoreserious.I’msorrythatIcan’tgoout