2024届高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解 模拟练习（含解析）

Passage1

Lotsofpeopledislikerats.Theyslidearoundsewers（下水道）.Theygetinthe

garbage.Theycanspreaddisease.Itcanbedifficulttoseetheirvalue-otherthanas

ananimalmodelforstudyinghumanillnesses.Butratshavemoretoshare.

WhenthefirstEuropeanscametoVirginia,blackratstookarideintheirships.

TheywentontolivewiththeEuropeansandoftenbuiltnestsinthewallsofpeople's

homes.Thosenestsarefullofinformationaboutearlysettlers.Theyshowwhatspecific

materialstheearlysettlersused,whichhelpshistoriansfindoutwhattheycouldmake

andproduceforthemselves-andwhattheyhadtoimportfromacrosstheocean.

Inrats,DNA"reallytellsastoryaboutthepeople,"saysEmilyPuckett,who

studieshowaspecies5DNAdiffersacrossitsrange.Anotherspecies-thebrownrat

canhelptellalargestoryabouthowpeoplespreadaroundtheglobe,Puckettfinds.

BrownratswereoriginallyfromEasternChinaandMongolia.Puckett9sDNAsamples

haveshownthatthebrownratspreadsouthandeastfromthere,toIndiaandalmost

everywhereelse.TheDNAinitsbonescouldhelpdeterminewheretheratscame

from-andwhichcitiesmighthavebeenlinked.

AttheUniversityofYorkinEngland,DavidOrtonstudiesanimalsthatlivedwith

ancienthumans.Usually,whenhistoriansfindremainsofanancientcity,theywantto

digandfindmore."Thetroubleisthatmostofthetime,theancientcitiestendtobe

underneathmoderncities/Ortonsays."Andyoucan9tjustgoanddigthewholething

up."Butyoucanfollowtherats.Ratsare"verydependentonhumansfortheirfood

suppliesandfortheirshelter,"heexplains.

Theseratshavegivenusanewappreciation.nItisfascinatingtothinkthatthese

littlecreaturesarestealingthingsandthatnowwe'resafeguardingthemtomakea

study,"MaureenElgersmanLee,ahistorian,says.

IWhatdohistoriansprobablylearnfromthenestofrats?

A.Theappearanceoftheirnests.

B.Thefamilymembers9occupations.

C.Thelivingconditionsofearlysettlers.

D.Theprocessoftheirfoodtransportation.

2Whycanthebrownrathelptellalargestory?

A.BecauseitoriginatedfromEasternChina.

B.BecauseitsDNAreflecteditsspreadingexperience.

C.Becauseitenjoyedtravellingaroundtheglobe.

D.Becauseitsboneswerefullofinformationofcities.

3WhatdoDavidOrton9swordsmean?

A.Humansofferedfoodandsheltertorats.

B.Historianscouldstudytheancientcitybydigging.

C.Theancientcitiesweremostlylocatedabovemodemones.

D.Ratscouldofferacluetolearningthesizeofancientcities.

4Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.RatsDifferinDifferentRegions

B.RatsChangePeople'sAttitude

C.RatsRevealtheHistoryofUs

D.RatsDependonHumansforLiving

Passage2

OneChinesestartuphasapparentlydevelopedtechnologythatallowsittoidentify

individualsbytheirwalk,eveniftheirfaceiscoveredortheyhavetheirbacktothe

camera.

Knownasngaitrecognition0,thetechnologyinventedbyartificialintelligence

startupWatrixanalysesthousandsofmetrics（指标）aboutaperson9swalk,fromtheir

bodyshapeandtheangleofarmmovementtotheirpostureandwhethertheyhavea

toe-inortoe-outgait.Alltheseindividualfeaturesgointoadatabasethatthesoftware

thengoesthroughwhenattemptingtoidentifypeople.Accordingtoanofficial

statementfromWatrix,theaccuracyrateofgaittechnologyatthelaboratorylevel

exceeds96percent.

Facialrecognitiontechnologyhascomealongwayinrecentyears,butitstillhas

afundamentalweakness——itneedsto"see"people'sfacesinordertoidentifythem,so

ifsomeone'sfaceiscoveredoriftheirbackistothecamera,it'sbasicallyuseless.Gait

recognition,ontheotherhand,ismuchmorereliable.Itworksfromvirtuallyanyangle,

andbecauseitanalysessomanymetrics,itcanidentifysubjectseveniftheyattemptto

covertheirlegs.Disguises（伪装物）orfakelimpsarenotveryeffectiveinfoolingthe

technologyeither.

"Coveringyourlegswouldreducetherecognitionscorebutweanalyseallofa

person9sbody/HuangYongzhen,co-fbunderandchiefexecutiveofWatrix,saidinan

interview."Withfacialrecognitionpeopleneedtolookintoacamera——cooperationis

notneededforthemtoberecognizedbyourtechnology."

WatrixrevealedthefirstversionoftheirgaitrecognitiontechnologyinOctober,

2018andhassincebeenintalkswithsecuritycompaniesfromSingapore,India,Russia,

theNetherlandsandtheCzechRepublicforcontracts.Thetechnologyhasalsobeen

testedbypublicsecurityofficialsforthousandsofhoursandusedtosolvedozensof

policecases.AuthoritiesinShanghaiandBeijingarealreadyusinggaitrecognitionto

detectwantedcriminalsandidentifyjaywalkers（舌L穿马路的人）.

Thecurrentversionofgaitrecognitionsoftwareisn'tyetcapableofdetecting

peopleinrealtime,buttheChinesestartupclaimsthatit'sabletoanalyseanhour's

worthofvideofootageinjust10minutes,withover94%accuracy.

IHowcouldWatrixguaranteetheaccuracyof"gaitrecognition"?

A.Bycheckingtheangleofpeople'sarmmovement.

B.Bycombiningfacialrecognitionwithpeople'swalk.

C.Bysettingupadatabaseofnumerousindividuals9metrics.

D.Byanalysingthousandsoffeaturesofpeople'slegsandtoes.

2Whatadvantagedoesgaittechnologyhaveoverfacialrecognition?

A.Unlimitedangles.B.Freegestures.

C.Noneedtocover.D.Activecooperation.

3Whatcanwelearnfromthefifthparagraph?

A.Watrixhasfoundseveralcooperativepartnersforitsfirstversion.

B.Gaitrecognitionhasbeenwidelyusedinthefieldofpublicsecurity.

C.WatrixistryingtoextendtheuseofthetechnologyinChinesebigcities.

D.Gaittechnologyhasbeenprovedbeneficialinidentifyingwantedcriminals.

4Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribethefutureofthetechnology?

A.Challenging.B.Promising.C.Profitable.D.Unknown.

Passage3

Adietrichinfruitandvegetablesandincorporatingadailyglassofwinecan

protectthebrainagainstdementia（痴呆），astudysuggests.Stickingcloselyto

Mediterraneaneatinghabits,whichalsoincludeplentyofnuts,seafood,wholegrains

andoliveoil,hasbeenlinkedtoa23percentlowerriskofdementia.

Basedondatagatheredon60,000peopleviatheUKBiobank,amedicaldatabase

setupin2006,theresearchersscoredparticipants9dietsforhowcloselytheymatched

theidealMediterraneandietontwoscales.

Usingone,thosewhoseeatinghabitswerethebestmatchwere23percentless

likelytodevelopdementiathanthosewhosedietsleastfitthepattern.Adietwitha

perfectscorewouldinvolvemorethanfourtablespoonsofoliveoil,atleasttwo

portionsofvegetablesandthreeoffruitperdayaswellasaglassofwine.Itwouldalso

includeatleastthreeservingsoflegumes,90gramsofnuts,andthreeservingsoffish

orshellfishaweek.Theidealdietwouldalsoinvolveverylittleredorprocessedmeat,

avoidingtoomanysweeteneddrinks,butter,margarineorcream.

Thesecondscaleusedsimilarcriteriaandaclosematchonthatwaslinkedtoa14

percentlowerriskofdementia.Thefindings,publishedinthejournalBMCMedicine.

appearedtoshowanprotectiveeffectregardlessofsomeone'sgeneticrisk".

DrSusanMitchellofAlzheimer'sResearchUK,said,"Thereisawealthof

evidencethateatingahealthy,balanceddietcanhelpreducetheriskofcognitive

decline.Buttheevidenceforspecificdietsismuchlessclear-cut."Shepointedoutthat

thestudyonlydrewondatafrompeoplewithwhite,BritishorIrishancestry.Shesaid,

"Whiletherearenosurefire（一定成功的）waystopreventdementiayet,adietrichin

fruitandvegetables,alongwithplentyofexerciseandnotsmoking,allcontributeto

goodhearthealth,whichinturnhelpstoprotectourbrainfromdiseasesthatleadto

dementia."

IWhatdidthestudyfindout?

A.Anewwaytocureadisease.

B.Apopulardiettokeepbalance.

C.Amedicaldatabasetodoresearch.

D.Apossiblestrategytoreducetheriskofdementia.

2Howdidtheresearcherscarryoutthestudy?

A.Bymakingcomparison.B.Bypresentingtheprocess.

C.Byconsultingotherstudies.D.Byanalyzingcauseandeffect.

3WhatdoesSusanMitchellthinkofthestudy?

Alt'sevident.B.Ifslimited.

C.Ifspractical.D.Ifspromising.

4Whichofthefollowingbestshowsthestructureofthepassage?

Passage4

AnimportantlifelessonthatI'vedrawnfromrunningistorunatmyownpace.It

hasguidedmeinmanyways.Inparticular,itmademechallengethefixedexpectations

ofretirementandaging.

Runningisametaphor（隐喻）forlife.Irealizedthiswhiletrainingforamarathon

tocelebratemy60thbirthday.Alltheotherrunnersbeingfasterthanmemademe

embarrassed.Butmycoachsharedsomevaluableadvice:runatyourownbestpace.

Settingagoalortargettimecouldbealimitation.Hewasright.Overtime,Iranmore

easilyandfaster.Ialsoenjoyedtheexperiencemuchmore.

Ihaveappliedthisprincipletootherareasofmylife.Findingarhythmisnotabout

efficiencyorhowmanythingsIcangetdoneinaday.IthasmoretodowithwhatI

decidetodoatthisstageinmylife.

Runningcarriesitsownsetofexpectations,includingwhatitmeanstobeastrong

runner.Butexpectationsalsoextendtootherareasoflife,includingwhatpeopleat

certainlifestagesshouldbedoingornotdoing.Expectationsatmyagecancenteron

howleisuretimeisspent,decisionsaboutemployment,andeventheroleofa

grandmother.

Iusedtothinkitwasyoungpeoplewhoborepeerpressure,butit'seasytoview

retirementasanotheroccupationwithbenchmarks（基准）tobemet.Weoftenmake

whatsomeoneelsedoesthereferencepoint.Ifsacomparisontrap.

Forgetwhatothersaredoing.Theirpaceisnotnecessarilythepaceyoushould

runat.Runinyourownway.It'snotbetterorworse一onlydifferent.

IWhatdoestheauthorintendtotellinparagraph2?

A.Theoriginofalifeprinciple.B.Hermisunderstandingofrunning.

C.Theimportanceoflifeexpectations.D.Herunpleasanttrainingexperience.

2Whatdoestheauthorthinkaboutlifeexpectations?

A.Theyarevitalforretiredpeople.B.Theyvaryatdifferentlifestages.

C.Theycovereverydecisioninlife.D.Theyareusuallytoohightofulfill.

3Whatcanweinferfromparagraph5?

A.Youngpeopleoftencompetewitholdpeople.B.Retiredpeopletakeupbad

occupations.

C.Retiredpeoplearealsounderpeerpressure.D.Acomparisontrapmakesyoung

peoplestronger.

4Whatmessagedoestheauthormainlywanttoconvey?

A.Retirementcan'tstopoldpeople'sdreams.

B.Peopleshouldlivelifetothefullest.

C.Peopleshouldliveattheirownspeed.

D.Runningatafixedpaceisbeneficialtoretiredpeople.

Passage5

Kindnessisseenasatruestrength,andthesuccessofcivilizationsrelieson

kindness.Weteachchildrenfromayoungageto"bekindtooneanother"and"treat

othersthewayyouwanttobetreated".Beingkindisevenshowntobegoodforwell­

being.AccordingtoMayoClinic,whenweperformactsofkindness,thepleasure

centerinourbrainisactivated,releasingthestress-reducinghormone（激素）.

Individualswhovolunteeronaregularbasisreportgreaterlifesatisfaction.Thatsaid,

considerthefollowingquestion:Couldkindnesseverbeconsideredharmfultouswhen

ithassuchclearbenefits?Lefsthinkaboutthisassumingweareintheworkplace.

Youareanewpersonontheteam,andyouwanttobewell-likedandrespectedby

yourco-workers.Youareakindpersonandtellyourteam,"LetmeknowhowIcan

helpyou;I'malwaysavailabletohelp."Thoughyoumaytrulymeanthis,thereare

peopleinthisworldwhocanconsideryourkindnessasweaknessunfortunately.This

canleadtoyoubeingtakenadvantageofbyothers.

Let'sfast-forwardtoayearlater.Youhavebeeninyourpositionnowforoneyear,

andyouareworkingwiththesameteam.Younoticethatyourco-workerscontinue

askingforyoursuccoroverandoveragain.Infact,theonlytimetheyinteractwithyou

iswhentheyneedsomething.Youhavebeenalwaysatyourco-workers9serviceand

therehasrarelybeenanyreturnfromthem.Imaginethelevelofdiscouragementyou're

feeling!

Inaverybroadsense,itisadvantageoustobekindtoothers,andyourkindacts

willbeappreciatedand,perhaps,payoff.However,youneedtobewillingtosay"no".

Whenpeopleaskyouforafavor,assessifyouhavethetime,energyandattentionto

givehelptothem.Totrulybekind,sometimesyouneedtobemorecomfortabletosay

"no"toothersandsay"yes"toyourself

IWhyisMayoClinicmentioned?

A.Tostresstheimportanceofkindness.

B.Toexplainthereasonsforbeingkind.

C.Toshowthepositiveeffectofkindness.

D.Toassessthecurrentkindnesseducation.

2Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword"succor"inparagraph3?

A.Comfbrt.B.Company.C.Interaction.D.Assistance.

3Whatdoestheauthorsuggestdoinginthelastparagraph?

A.Findingthebestwaytorefuseothers.B.Beingalittlemoreself-focused.

C.Beinggratefulforothers9kindgestures.D.Acknowledgingyoureffortsand

sacrifices.

4Whatisthetextmainlydiscussing?

A.Arewehurtingourselveswithkindness?

B.Whyarerandomactsofkindnessimportant?

C.Isthepowerofkindnessatworkundervalued?

D.Howcanshowingkindnesspromotewell-being?

Passage6

InmyAncienttoMedievalLiteratureclass,mystudentscelebrateandarewalking

onairwhentheygettothelastbookoftheterm,becauseit'snotapoetrybookbuta

prose（散文）one.Butifsnotjustmystudentswhodon'tenjoypoetry-fewadultsfind

themselvesdesiringaneveningwithit.Mostpeoplecomplainthatpoetryistoodifficult

tounderstandornotaccessibleenough.ButIthinkit'sdeeperthanthat.

Nowadays,wehavebecomesocaughtupintheshallowbustle（喧闹）oftheworld,

senselessinourshortsightedness,self-satisfiedwithoursuccessandproudofour

productivity.Ourdaysarefilledwith"busy"becausebeingbusyiseasy.Todoten

thingsinfivehoursiseasy;todoonethingforfivehoursisdifficult.Webecomeunable

tooccupyourselveswithlisteningtoabird'smorningsongorspendanhourstaying

aloneindeepandfreethought.Wehavelosttheminer'sskillsindigging.We'vejust

contentedourselvesinshallowwaters.

Manypeoplethinkthere9snopayoffinreadingpoetry.Itjustdoesn'tfitintothe

fast-paced,shallow,productivity-drivenculture.Readingpoetrydoestakework,but

theworkisrewarding:asonewrestleswithapoem-readingitaloud,readingitsilently,

readingitoverandoveragain-themeaningandbeautysurfacefromitwithclarity.

Onceweexplorethedepthsofpoetry,we'llrealizeithasreachedourownsoul.And

aswelearnthispracticeinreadingpoetry,welearnthispracticeinreadinglife.

Asachildwelearnedtocrawl（爬），thenwalk,andthenrun.Andweneverstop

running.Butperhaps,ifwetakeabreakfrombeing"productive"andlookupfromour

plans,wemightseethewarmsunshineandhearbirdssingingasdescribedinpoems.

Poetrymakesamanhimselfagainwhenheflashesasmilebecauseofthesebeautiful

scenes.

IHowdothestudentsfeelabouttheproselearning?

A.Surprised.B.Unsatisfied.C.Excited.D.Disappointed.

2Whatarepeoplenowadayslikeintheauthor9seyes?

A.Theyareproudoftheirshortsightedness.B.Theysufferterriblyfromthebusy

lifestyle.

C.Theyareseparatedfromthesurroundings.D.Theylosetheabilitytothink

deeplyaboutthings.

3Whatcanbeinferredaboutpoetryandlifefromparagraph3?

A.Ittakeshardworktotrulyunderstandlife.

B.Lifeisimprovedbytheexistenceofpoetry.

C.Learningpoetryisapracticeofself-reflection.

D.Readingpoetrybeginswithadesireforareward.

4Whatmessageisconveyedinthelastparagraph?

A.Readingpoetryisactuallyagradualprocess.

B.Apositiveattitudetolifebringsgoodfortune.

C.Peopleshouldstoptoenjoythebeautyoflife.

D.Productivityislessimportantthanagoodplan.

Passage7

WhenImentionedtosomefriendsthatweallhaveaccents,mostofthemproudly

replied,"Well,IspeakperfectEnglish/Chinese/etc.nButthiskindofresponsemisses

thepoint.

Moreoftenthannot,whatwemeanwhenwesaysomeone"hasanaccent"isthat

theiraccentisdifferentfromthelocalone,orthatpronunciationsaredifferentfromour

own.Butthisdefinitionofaccentsislimitingandcouldgiverisetoprejudice.Funnily

enough,intermsofthelanguagestudy,everypersonspeakswithanaccent.Itisthe

regulardifferencesinhowweproducesoundsthatdefineouraccents.Evenifyoudon't

hearityourself,youspeakwithsomesortofaccent.Inthissense,it'spointlesstopoint

outthatsomeone"hasanaccent".Wealldo!

Everypersonspeaksadialect(方言)，too.Inthefieldofthelanguagestudy,a

dialectisaversionofalanguagethatischaracterizedbyitsvariationsofstructure,

phrasesandwords.Forinstance,"Yougoteatornot?"(meaning"Haveyoueaten?")is

anacceptableandunderstoodquestioninSingaporeOralEnglish.Thefactthatthis

expressionwouldcauseastandardAmericanEnglishspeakertotakepausedoesn't

meanthatSingaporeOralEnglishis"wrong"or"ungrammatical".Thesentenceiswell-

formedandclearlycommunicative,accordingtonativeSingaporeEnglishspeakers9

solidsystemofgrammar.Whyshoulditbewrongjustbecauseifsdifferent?

Weneedtomovebeyondanarrowconceptionofaccentsanddialects一forthe

benefitofeveryone.Languagedifferencesliketheseprovideinsightsintopeople's

culturalexperiencesandbackgrounds.Inaglobalage,thewayonespeaksisadistinct

partofone'sidentity.Mostpeoplewouldbehappytotalkabouttheculturesbehind

theirspeech.We'dlearnmoreabouttheworldweliveinandmakefriendsalongthe

way.

IWhatdoestheauthorthinkofhis/herfriends9responseinparagraph1?

A.Itreflectstheirself-confidence.B.Itreflectstheirlanguagelevels.

C.Itmissesthepointofcommunication.D.Itmissestherealmeaningofaccents.

2WhydoestheauthorusetheexampleofSingaporeOralEnglish?

A.Tojustifytheuseofdialects.

B.Toshowthediversityofdialects.

C.Tocorrectagrammaticalmistake.

D.Tohighlightatraditionalapproach.

3Whatdoestheauthorrecommendustodointhelastparagraph?

A.Leamtospeakwithourlocaldialect.

B.Seekforanofficialdefinitionofaccents.

C.Appreciatethevalueofaccentsanddialects.

D.Distinguishourlocallanguagesfromothers9.

4Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthispassage?

A.EveryoneHasanAccentB.AccentsEnhanceOurIdentities

C.DialectsLeadtoMisunderstandingD.StandardEnglishIsatRisk

Passage8

You'veheardanoldChinesesayingbefore:Giveamanafishandyoufeedhim

foraday;teachamantofishandyoufeedhimforalifetime.Youmayevenbenodding

yourheadinagreementrightnow.However,wecanhaveadifferentunderstandingof

it.

Whenapersonisstarving,that9snotthetimetofilltheirheadwithknowledgebut

tofirstgivethepersonafish-eradicatingtheirhunger-andonlythenteachthemto

fish.Fartoooften,peopleignorethiscommon-sensefirststep.Theyseesomeonewho

isstruggling,andtheyrushtoofferwisdom."LetmetellyouwhatI'ddoinyour

position/awell-meaningindividualmightoffer.

Butfewofusunderstandtheanxiety,confusionanduncertaintythatcomewith

overwhelmingneed.Peoplemeetingwithpersonaldisastersdon'thavetheabilityto

thinkstraight.Theirnervesmaybeshot.Theirconfidencemaybenon-existent.Can

youimaginewhatitwouldbeliketobeinthatperson'ssituation?

Rushingtoofferastrugglingpersonlong-termadviceisawasteoftime.Instead,

itmakesfarmoresensetohelpthemregaintheiremotionalbalance.Oncetheirears,

heartandmindopen,you'llhaveanopportunitytoteachanewskill.

Buthowdoweknowwhetherapersonneedsafishbeforeafishinglesson?Two

things:Oneistheabilitytopayattention.Weneedtoknowwhetherthepersonisopen

andreceptive,orlookingattheworldwithnarrowedeyes.Youcan9tjusttaketheir

wordsbuthavetolookathowthepersonactsandwhattheydon'tsay.Theotheris

empathy（共情）.Themoresuccessfulyouare,theharderitistoimaginewhatitmustbe

liketobetheopposite.Trytocreateasafeenvironmentforemotionalacceptancebefore

thefishinglesson.

IWhatisthefunctionofthefirstparagraph?

A.Toillustrateaconcept.B.Tobringinanewviewpoint.

C.Tointroducethebackground.D.Toputupanexample.

2Whatdoestheunderlinedword"eradicating"meaninParagraph2?

A.Gettingridof.B.Payingattentionto.

C.Makingupfor.D.Puttingupwith.

3Whatshouldwedofirstforthoseindisasters?

A.Getthemtothinkstraight.B.Enhancetheirconfidence.

C.Satisfytheirprimaryneeds.D.Teachthemanewskill.

4Whichdoestheauthorprobablyagreewithaccordingtothelastparagraph?

A.Liveandlearn.B.Neverteachafishtoswim.

C.Putyourselfinothers1shoes.D.Don'tteachanolddognewtricks.

Passage9

Aroundtheworld,riversseemtobeeitherfloodingorshrinking.WhilePakistan's

rivershaveleftone-thirdofthatcountryfloodedandmillionsofpeoplewithouthomes,

adrought（旱灾）unseenfor500yearshasleftEurope9smajorwaterwaysalmostdry.In

theUnitedStates,theKentuckyRiversuffereddeadlyfloodingthissummer,whilethe

ColoradoRiverdroppedsharply,whichbroughtaboutwaterdistributioncutsacross

severalstates.

Thereislittledisagreementaboutwhafsgoingon:Scientistshavewarnedforyears

thatourchangingclimatewillcausethefrequencyofbothrainfallanddroughtsto

increase,makingthewetwetterandthedrydrier,withevermoreextremeimpactson

rivers.Thequestionnowmaybehowtomanagethosewaterwaysaffectedbyclimate

changeand,specifically,whatroledamsshouldorshouldnotplayinrelievingthe

disasterswe'vebeenseeinglatelyandwillseemoreof.

Advocatessaywaterstoragedamswillbecomemoresignificantwhichcanstop

waterduringfloodingandallowitoutintimesofdroughts.Dams,theysay,canhelp

relieveclimatechangebyproducingcleanhydropower（水电）."Damsandhydropower

arefundamentaltoclimatereliefandadaptation/*saysRichardTaylor,aleading

hydropowerexpert.

Notso,counteropinionsclaimdamsdomoreharmthangood.Theirarguments

havelongcenteredonthenegativeimpactmostdamshaveonbiodiversityandriver

ecosystems,andincreasingdatashowthatdamsactuallyworsenbothfloodsand

droughts.Theyalsopointoutstudieshaveshownthatlakescreatedbydamsoften

producefarmoreharmfulgreenhousegasesthanpeoplepreviouslyunderstood."Dams

arethoughttobeaclimatesolution/saysIsabellaWinkler,whoco-leadsInternational

Rivers,aU.S.-basedadvocacygroup."Theyhavebeenpraisedasasourceofgreen

energybuttheyareactuallynot."Besides,scientistswarnthatmanyexistingdamsuse

operatingrulesbasedonoldclimateassumptions.Newdams,expertsagree,mustbe

builtfortheworstcases.

IHowdoestheauthorintroducethetopicinparagraph1?

A.Byexplainingreasons.B.Bymakingcomparisons.

C.Bydescribingadisaster.D.Byintroducingsomefindings.

2Whathasbeenalong-existingconcerntoscientists?

A.Buildingdamsdestroystheecosystem.B.Naturaldisastersoccurmore

frequently.

C.Waterwaysareinterribleconditionwidely.D.Climatechangeworsensnatural

disasters.

3What9sIsabellaWinkler'sattitudetowardsbuildingdams?

A.Opposed.B.Uncertain.C.Favorable.D.Mixed.

4Whatismainlytalkedaboutinthetext?

A.Whataccountsforthedifferenceinrainfall?

B.Ishydropowerreallyenvironmentallyfriendly?

C.Isbuildingdamsthewaytofightclimatechange?

D.Whoistoblamefortheincreasingnaturaldisasters?

【解析】老鼠除了可以作为研究人类疾病的动物模型之外，它还有其他的一些研究价值:可

以为了解古代城市的大小提供线索,可以揭示我们的历史。

1.C理解具体信息根据第二段的"Thosenestsarefullofinformationaboutearlysettlers"可

知，这些老鼠窝充满了早期定居者的信息。由此可知，历史学家可能会从老鼠窝中了解到早期

定居者的生活条件。故选C项。

2.B理解具体信息根据第三段的"Inrats,DNA...thebrownratcanhelptellalargestoryabout

howpeoplespreadaroundtheglobe,Puckettfinds"可知,Puckett说,在老鼠身上,DNA”确实讲述

了一个关于人的故事”。Puckett发现，另一个物种一褐家鼠可以帮助讲述人类是如何在全球

范围内扩散的大故事。由此可知，褐家鼠可以帮助讲述一个大故事，因为它的DNA反映了它

的扩散经历。故选B项。

3.D推断明题意:本题问"DavidOrton的话是什么意思?"一寻线索:根据第四段中David

Orton说的话可知，大多数时候，古城往往位于现代城市的下面。你不能直接把整个东西都挖

出来。但是你可以跟着老鼠一定答案:由此可推知,DavidOrton的话的意思是老鼠可以为了解

古代城市的大小提供线索。故选D项。

4.C理解主旨要义（标题判断）通读全文可知，本文介绍了老鼠除了可以作为研究人类疾病

的动物模型之外，它还有其他的一些研究价值:可以为了解古代城市的大小提供线索，可以揭

示我们的历史。故选C项。

【二次精读】

核心单词:slidev.（使）滑行，滑动remainsn,古代遗物，遗迹，遗址dependentadj.依赖的

难句分析:Theyshowwhatspecificmaterialstheearlysettlersused,

(what_

非限制性定语从句宾语从句1

ocean）.

宾语从句2

译文:它们展示了早期定居者使用的具体材料，这有助于历史学家了解他们可以为自己制造和

生产什么,以及他们必须从大洋彼岸进口什么。

【解析】本文主要介绍了一家中国初创公司Watrix开发出了步态识别技术。

1.C理解具体信息根据第二段中的"thetechnology...analysesthousandsofmetrics（指

标）...Alltheseindividualfeaturesgointoadatabasethatthesoftwarethengoesthroughwhen

attemptingtoidentifypeople"可知，这项技术分析了数千个关于一个人走路的指标，从他们的体

型、手臂运动的角度到他们的姿势，以及他们是脚趾向内还是脚趾向外的步态。所有这些个

人特征都会进入一个数据库，在试图识别人时，软件会通过数据库进行识别。也就是说,Watrix

通过建立一个包含众多个人指标的数据库来保证"步态识别”的准确性，故选C。

2.A理解具体信息根据第三段的"Gaitrecognition,ontheotherhand,ismuchmorereliable.

Itworksfromvirtuallyanyangle,andbecauseitanalysessomanymetrics,itcanidentifysubjects

eveniftheyattempttocovertheirlegs"可知，步态识别从几乎任何角度进行工作,因为它分析了

如此多的指标，即使实验对象试图遮住他们的腿，它也能识别出实验对象。由此可知，与人脸识

别相比，步态识别技术的优点是无识别角度限制，故选A。

3.D推断根据第五段中的"Thetechnologyhasalsobeentestedbypublicsecurityofficialsfor

thousandsofhoursandu