2018年北京市中考英语试题（原卷版）

页2018年北京市中考英语试卷（学生版）一、单项填空（共6分，每小题0.5分）从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1．（.5分）MybrotherandIlikefootball．playittogetheronceaweek．（）A．I B．They C．We D．You2．（.5分）Happybirthday，Peter!Here'sagiftyou．（）A．for B．in C．with D．from3．（.5分）﹣﹣doyouusuallygotoschool，Mary？﹣﹣Bybike．（）A．When B．How C．Where D．Why4．（.5分）Manypeoplelikepandastheyarecute．（）A．though B．if C．while D．because5．（.5分）Igonow，orI'llmissmytrain．（）A．can B．might C．must D．could6．（.5分）Tonyisofthethreeboys，butheisthetallest．（）A．young B．younger C．youngest D．theyoungest7．（.5分）Billlikesreading．Hepicturebookswithhisdadeveryevening．（）A．read B．reads C．isreading D．hasread8．（.5分）﹣﹣Paul，whatwereyoudoingatninelastnight？﹣﹣Iamovieinthecinemawithmyfriends．（）A．waswatching B．watch C．havewatched D．willwatch9．（.5分）Davidisatennisplayer．Hetoplaytenniswhenhewassixyearsold．（）A．begins B．willbegin C．began D．hasbegun10．（.5分）﹣﹣Lucy，isyouruncleateacher？﹣﹣Yes，heis．Hehistoryfornearly20years．（）A．teaches B．hastaught C．isteaching D．willteach11．（.5分）Anewinternationalairportinthecitynextyear．（）A．completes B．iscompleted C．willcomplete D．willbecompleted12．（.5分）﹣﹣Alice，couldyoutellmeLondon？﹣﹣Sure．LastSunday．（）A．whenMr．Smithleft B．whenMr．Smithwillleave C．whendidMr．Smithleave D．whenwillMr．Smithleave二、完形填空（共8分，共1小题）阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。13．（8分）RealSolutions（解决方法）toProblemsThirtyengineerswereworkingasateaminacompany．Theywereyoungandeagertolearn．ThemanagementdecidedtoteachthemaboutfindingrealsolutionstoproblemsOneday，theteamwascalledfora（1）inahall．Theywerequitesurprisedandallreachedthehallholdingvarious（2）．Astheyentered，theyfoundaboxplacedinthecenter，fullofflatballoons．Themanageraskedeveryonetopickaballoonandblowitup．Thentheywereaskedtowritetheirnamesontheirrespective（各自的）balloons（3）sothattheballoonswouldn'tblowout．Alltried，butnoteveryonewas（4）．Fiveballoonsblewoutduetopressure（压力）．Thosewhofailedtomarktheirnamesontheballoonswere（5）outofthegame．Asaresult，25engineerscametothenextlevel．Alltheballoonscarryingtheirnameswere（6）andthenputintoaroom，hereandthere．Theengineersweretoldtopicktheballoonwithhisorhernameon，Allthe25engineersbegantosearchfortherespectiveballoonsinarush．Itwasalmost15minutesbutnoonewasableto（7）therightone．Thesecondlevelofthegamewasover．Thencamethefinallevel．Theengineerswereaskedtopickanyballoonandgiveittopersonnamedontheballoon．Withinacoupleofminutes，allballoons（8）thehandsoftherespectiveengineers．Themanagerannouncedthiswastherealsolutiontotheproblem．Manytimesinourlife，sharingandhelpingothersgiveusrealsolutionstoproblems．（1）A．gameB．showC．concertD．party（2）A．purposesB．suggestionsC．thoughtsD．plans（3）A．quietlyB．carefullyC．secretlyD．clearly（4）A．honestB．readyC．patientD．successful（5）A．checkedB．helpedC．ruledD．cheated（6）A．collectedB．weighedC．tiedD．cleaned（7）A．markB．hideC．numberD．find（8）A．freedB．reachedC．liftedD．hit三、阅读下列短文．根据短文内容，从文后各所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。（共26分，每小题6分14．（6分）Roger：Hi，there！Itwasmy15thbirthdaylastSaturday．SomeofmyfriendsandAlan．mycousin，cametocelebrateit．Everyonebroughtmeagift，weplayedgames，sangsongsandhadabigbirthdaycake．Itwasreallyawonderfulday!Didyoudoanythingspeciallastweek？Jessica：Yes，Myclasswereonaschoolfieldtriplastweek．First，WewenttotheUniversityofNorthCarolinatolearnaboutthehistoryofitsbasketballteam．Manybasketballstarswerestudentsthere．Thenwevisitedamuseum．Welearnedabouthowtheplanewasinventedandtookmanypicturesthere．Sara：Well，Iwasluckyenoughtogotoaconference（会议）oncharity（慈善）lastWednesday．Iwassoexcitedtomeetalotofkindpeoplethere．OneofthemwasaboynamedRichard．Hespokeattheconferenceaboutthecharityworkthathehaddoneinthepastfewyears．Martin：Itwasadifferentweekthanusual，LastThursday，myschoolband（乐队）wenttoAtlantatoperforminacompetition．Iplayedtheviolinandwewonaprize!OnFridaywewenttotheGeorgiaAquariumandgottoseedifferentkindsofsealifefromovertheworld．Itwasreallycool!（1）WhendidRogerhavehisbirthdayparty？A．LastWednesday．B．LastThursday．C．LastFriday．D．LastSaturday．（2）Whowentonaschoolfieldtriplastweek？A．Alan．B．Jessica．C．Sara．D．Richard．（3）MartinwenttoAtlantato．A．speakataconferenceB．organizeapartyC．performinacompetitionD．visitauniversity15．（6分）ABeautifulMomentWhenIwasinhighschool．Iworkedpart﹣timehelpingDadsellfruitsandvegetablesatamarket．Oneday，asIwaspreparingthefruits，alittleboycamebywithhismomandsister．Hewasabouteightyearsold，andthegirl，fiveorsix．Theywerelookingthefruitsinfrontofme．Iheardthekidssaytotheirmom（inFrench），"They'regood!"IknewitwasFrench，becauseIcanspeakandunderstandit．ThenInoticedhowthemomwaspickingthefruits．AtfirstIthoughtshewasreallylookingatthefruitsbecauseshewasfacingthem．ButthenInoticedhowmuchshehadtofeelandsmelleachoneasshepickedthemout．Andsheoftenaskedhersonifitlookedokay，butlookedwayabovewherehisfacewas．PuttingwhatIsawtogether，Iwassureshewasblind．Bothofthekidscontinuedtohelptheirmompickoutthefruits．Thesonmadesurethefruitswerenotobviouslybad，andthedaughterhandedthemtohermom．Thewomanthenfelteachoneandsmiled，andthedaughterwouldputthemintotheirbasket．Thekidsweresmilingwhilehelpingtheirmompickthefruitsout．Theirsmileandgentlemannermovedmeinawaythatneverhappenedbefore．Itwassobeautifultoseesuchyoungkidssowillinglyhelp．Mostkidsthatagewouldbepickingoutcandiesortoysinastoreforthemselves，insteadofhelpingtheirmompickoutfruitsasthetwokidsdid．Itwasgreattowitnessthemoment，butnotsogreatbecauseIdidn'ttellthemomhowbeautifulherchildrenwereintheirlanguage．thisiswhatIregrettothisday．（1）Thewomenandherkidscametothemarkettobuy．A．fruitsB．vegetablesC．candiesD．toys（2）Accordingtowhathesaw，thewriterwassurethemothercouldn't．A．speakB．seeC．smellD．hear（3）Thewriterwasmovedbecause．A．themotherwasbravetofaceherproblemsB．thekidswerepoliteandkindtoeachotherC．themotherwascarefulinpickingoutthingsD．thekidsweresowillingtohelptheirmother16．（6分）Someprimaryschoolchildrenhavebeenraisedinhomeswithmoregreenspacearound．Theyarelikelytocomewithlargervolumesofwhiteandgreymatterincertainareasofthebrain．Thesedifferencesareassociated（关联）withbeneficialeffectsoncognitivefunction（认知功能）．ThisisthemainconclusionofastudyledbytheBarcelonaInstituteforGlobalHealth．Thestudywasperformedamong253schoolchildreninSpain．Lifelongexposure（接触）togreenspaceinthelivingplaceswasrecorded﹣usingtheinformationonthechildren'saddressesfrombirthupthroughtothetimeofthestudy．Brainstructurewasstudiedusing3Dmagneticresonanceimaging（MRI）．Workingmemoryandinattentiveness（注意力不集中）weregradedwithcomputers．"Thisisthefirststudythatshowstheassociationbetweenlong﹣termexposuretogreenspaceandbrainstructure．"SaysDr．PayamDadvand，theleadingresearcherofthestudy．"Ourfindingssuggestthatexposuretogreenspaceearlyinlifecouldresultinbeneficialstructuralchangesinthebrain．"Thefindingsshowthatlong﹣termexposuretogreennessispositivelyassociatedwithwhiteandgreymattervolumesinseveralpartsofthebrain．Someofthemarerelatedtohigherscoresoncognitivetests．Moreover，largervolumesofwhiteandgreymatterinthosepartsmightleadtobetterworkingmemoryandlessinattentiveness．Exposuretonaturehasbeenthoughttobenecessaryforbraindevelopmentinchildren．Anotherstudyof2，593childrenshowsthatchildreninschoolwithmoregreenspacehaveagreaterincreaseinworkingmemoryandagreaterdecreaseininattentiveness．Humansarebelievedtobetiedtonature．Playingingreenerareasofferschildrenopportunitiestosearchandlearn．Accordingly，greenspaceisthoughttopromptimportantexercisesindiscovery，creativityandrisktaking．Theseexercisesinturnpositivelyinfluencebraindevelopment．Dr．Dadvand'sstudysuggestshowsuchstructuralchangescouldbringaboutthebeneficialeffectsofgreenspacesoncognitivedevelopment．Italsoaddstotheproofthatsuggeststhelastingeffectsofearlylifeexposuretogreennessonourhealthandthebenefitsofincreasinggreennessincities．Furtherstudiesareneededtoprovethefindingsinotherpopulations，settingsandclimates．Andresearchersneedtoexaminedifferencesaccordingtothenatureandqualityofgreenspace．（1）Thesecondparagraphismainlyabout．A．howthestudywasperformedB．whatwasrecordedinthestudyC．howlongthestudylastedD．whotookpartinthestudy（2）Theword"prompt"inparagraph6probablymeans""．A．controlB．encourageC．balanceD．change（3）Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage？A．Workingmemoryinfluenceswhiteandgreymatterinthebrain．B．Dr．Dadvandstressedtheimportanceofchangingtheenvironment．C．StudiesprovedtheinfluenceofgreennessonpopulationsoutsofSpain．D．Livingingreenerneighborhoodsbenefitschildreninbraindevelopment．17．（8分）Weoftenreachapointinourlifewhenweshouldbereadyforchangethatwillhelpusunlockourself﹣improvementpower．However，there'salwayssomethingstaringatusrightunderournosebutwedon'tseeit．Theonlytimewethinkofunlockingourself﹣improvementpoweriswheneverythinggetsworst．Whendowerealizethatweneedtochangediets？Whennoneofourshirtsandjeanswouldfitus．Whendowestopeatingcandiesandchocolates？Whenallofourteethhavefallenoff．Whendowerealizethatweneedtostopsmoking？Whenourlungshavegonebad．Weseethewarningsignsandsignalswhenthingsgetroughanddifficult．Theonlytimemostofuseverlearnaboutunlockingourself﹣improvementpoweriswhenthewholeworldisfallingapart．Wethinkandfeelthiswaybecauseitisnoteasytochange，butchangebecomesmorepainfulwhenweignore（忽视）it．Changewillhappen，likeitorhateit．Atonepointoranother．weareallgoingtofinallyunlockourself﹣improvementpowernotbecausetheworldsaysso，butbecausewerealizeit'sforourowngood．Happypeopledon'tjustacceptchange；theyembrace（拥抱）it．Unlockingourself﹣improvementpowermeansunlockingourselvesoutoftheboxofthoughtthatisjustthewayweare．Itissuchapoorexcuseforpeoplewhofearchange．Janealwaystellseveryonethatshedoesn'thavethecouragetobearoundgroupsofpeople．Sheheardherfamilytellthesamethingsabouthertootherpeople．Overtheyears，thatiswhatJanehasbelieved．Everytimeagreatcrowdcome，shestepsbackandlocksherselfupinaroom．Janenotonlybelievesinherstory，butlivesit!Self﹣improvementmaynotbeeverybody'sfavoriteword，butifwelookatthingsinadifferentway，wemighthavegreaterchancesofenjoyingthewholeprocessinsteadofcountingthedaysuntilwearefullyimproved．Threesessionsinaweekatthegymwouldresultinahealthierlife．Readingbookseverydaywouldbuildupknowledge．Andonlywhenweareenjoyingthewholeprocessofunlockingourself﹣improvementpowerwillwerealizethatwe'rebeginningtotakethingslightandbecomehappy．（1）ThewritermentionsthethreequestionsinParagraph2toshowthat．A．welearnourlessonswhenweexperiencepain．B．weareresponsiblefortheproblemswemeet．C．lifefailsuswhenwegetintothewrongway．D．lifeisalongjourneyfullofupsanddowns．（2）WhatisthekeytosolvingJane'sproblem？A．Sheneedstorememberwhyshestarted．B．Shehastoknowhowtogetonwithpeople．C．Shehastorealizesheisnotwhatsheisinherstory．D．Sheneedstounderstandtheimportanceofconfidence．（3）Thewriterprobablyagreesthat．A．theworldtellsushowtoimproveourselves．B．peoplechangewhentheyfinditeasytodothat．C．welcomingchangeinlifeisadrivetobecomebetter．D．enjoyingtheprocessofself﹣improvementmakeslifesimpler．（4）Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage？A．Isitimportanttotakethingslight？B．Isitnecessarytoembracechallenges？C．Toholdontothelastmomentortogiveup？D．Tofreeourselvesoutoftheboxortostayinit？四、阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题．（共10分，每小题10分）18．（10分）Whenitcomestothelettergradeonyourtestorhomework，youmightnoticethatthereisnoletterE．Haveyoueverthoughtaboutwhythatisso？IntheA，B，C，DandFgradingsystem，thefirstfourlettersaretypicallyconsideredpassinggrades．AnFinthissystemsimplystandsfor"fail"．Theword"fail"happenstostartwiththeletterF，whichseemstoleaveouttheletterE．Thefactofthematteristhatanylettercanmean"not﹣passing"or"fail"．SomeschoolshaveUgradefor"unsatisfactory"，orIgradefor"incomplete"．Evenwithallthissaid，weshouldalsopointoutthatEgradeactuallyhasbeenusedprettycommonlythroughoutthehistoryoflettergradesintheUS．ThefirstcollegeintheUStousealettergradingsystemliketheonesweusetodayisMountHolyokeCollege．In1897，theybegantousethefollowinggradingscale：A：95﹣100%（excellent）B：85﹣94%（good）C：76﹣84%（fair）D：75%（barelypassed）E：below75%（failed）WecanseetheinclusionofEinsteadofF．Gradually，thelettergradingsystembecamemorepopularthroughouttheUS．However，manyschoolsdecidedtodroptheEgradeandgostraighttoF．Thereisnoevidence（证据）toreallysupportthis，butonepossibleexplanationisthatteacherswereworriedthatsomestudentsandparentsmightmistakeEfor"excellent"．Whydowehavelettergrades？Well，partofthereasonisthattheymadegradingsimplerduringatimeofgreatchangeforschools．Asthe20thcenturybegan，growingcitiesandanincreaseinimmigrationledtolargerschoolclassrooms．Mostteachersatthattimethoughtthisnewlettergradingsystemwasaneasy，fairandclearwaytogradestudent