广东省广州市2024中考英语真题含解析

2024年广州市初中学业水平考试英语本试卷共14页，四大题，满分90分。考试用时100分钟。一、语法选择（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，依据句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从1~15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项。WhenIwasnineyearsold,Iwantedtokeepapetfish.Aftermonthsof___1___,Ifinallyhadenoughmoneytogetone.InameditBob,Iput___2___beautifultoyhousewithwindowsinthetank(鱼缸)sothatBobcouldswimthrough.Sometimes,Iwoulddrawpicturesof___3___fishandseaplantsandtapethemtothesideofthetank,soBobwouldn’tgetlonelywhileI___4___atschool.However,___5___amonth,Inoticedthatthetankwasgettingdirty.Mydadaskedme___6___itintothekitchen.HewantedtomakesureIknew___7___todosothatBobwouldn’tgethurt.First,mydadtoldmetoreach___8___intothetankandtakethehouseaway.___9___Itookmyhandoutofthewater,Inoticedthatthewaterwasalot____10____thanIthought.“That’ssmelly!”Isaid.“Let’shurryupand____11____thefishoutofthewater,Dad!”“Notsofast,Ben,”Dadsaid.“Weneedtosavesomeoftheoldwater,____12____Bobneedsaplacetostaywhilewecleanthetank.”“Why?”Iasked.“Runningwaterfromthetapcanbeharmfultofish,”Dadexplained.“That____13____wecan’tputBobintofreshwaterrightaway.Instead,weneedtoputhiminacupwith____14____ofthedirtywaterforawhile.”…Allseemedsoeasy.IhopedthenexttimeIwouldbeabletocleanthetankallby____15____.1.A.save B.saves C.saved D.saving2.A.a B.an C.the D./3.A.other B.others C.theother D.theothers4.A.am B.was C.were D.willbe5.A.before B.for C.after D.during6.A.bring B.bringing C.brought D.tobring7.A.where B.what C.how D.why8.A.care B.careful C.carefully D.caring9.A.If B.Unless C.When D.Though10.A.dirty B.dirtier C.dirtiest D.thedirtiest11.A.get B.gets C.got D.getting12.A.so B.or C.because D.but13.A.mean B.means C.meant D.ismeaning14.A.few B.afew C.little D.alittle15.A.me B.my C.mine D.myself【答案】1.D2.A3.A4.B5.C6.D7.B8.C9.C10.B11.A12.C13.B14.D15.D【解析】【导语】本文介绍了作者9岁时喜爱养鱼并为鱼换水的故事。【1题详解】句意：经过几个月的攒钱我最终有足够的钱买了一个。save节约，攒钱，原形；saves第三人称单数；saved过去式；saving现在分词或者动名词。依据“of”可知，介词后跟动名词。故选D。【2题详解】句意：我给它取名为鲍勃，我在鱼缸里放了一个美丽的带窗户的玩具屋，这样鲍勃就可以游过去了。a一个，用在辅音音素词前；an一个，用在元音音素词前；the指已提到或易领悟到的人或事物；/不填。依据“beautifultoy”可知，此处表泛指，beautiful以辅音音素开头，运用a。故选A。【3题详解】句意：有时，我会画一些其他鱼类和海生植物的图片，然后把它们粘在鱼缸的一边，这样鲍勃就不会在我上学的时候感到孤独了。other其他的；others其他人（物）；theother两者的另一个；theothers特指剩余的其他人（物）。依据“fishandseaplants”可知，此处运用other，后跟名词复数。故选A。【4题详解】句意：有时，我会画一些其他鱼类和海生植物的图片，然后把它们粘在鱼缸的一边，这样鲍勃就不会在我上学的时候感到孤独了。am第一人称单数现在时；was第一和第三人称单数过去式；were复数和其次人称单数过去式；willbe一般将来时。依据“soBobwouldn’tgetlonelywhileI…atschool.”可知，此处运用动词过去式，主语为I，运用was。故选B。【5题详解】句意：然而，一个月后，我留意到鱼缸变脏了。before在……之前；for持续一段时间；after在……之后；during在……期间。依据“Inoticedthatthetankwasgettingdirty.”可知，应当是过了一个月后，才发觉鱼缸变脏的。故选C。【6题详解】句意：我爸爸让我把它带到厨房。bring带来，带……到某处，原形；bringing现在分词或者动名词；brought过去式；tobring动词不定式。依据“Mydadaskedme”可知，asksbtodosth“让某人做某事”，故选D。【7题详解】句意：他想确保我知道该做什么，以免鲍勃受伤。where哪里；what什么；how如何；why为什么。依据“knew…todo”可知，此处为特别疑问词+动词不定式的结构，作knew的宾语，运用what，whattodo“做什么”，故选B。【8题详解】句意：首先，我爸爸让我当心地把手伸进鱼缸，把房子搬走。care关切；careful当心的，形容词；carefully当心地，副词；caring关切，动名词或者现在分词。依据“reach”可知，此处运用副词修饰动词，故选C。【9题详解】句意：当我把手从水里拿出来时，我留意到水比我想象的要脏得多。If假如；Unless除非；When当……时；Though虽然。依据“…Itookmyhandoutofthewater,Inoticedthatthewaterwasalot…thanIthought.”可知，此处指当我……时，运用when引导时间状语从句，故选C。【10题详解】句意：当我把手从水里拿出来时，我留意到水比我想象的要脏得多。dirty肮脏的；dirtier比较级；dirtiest最高级；thedirtiest定冠词the+最高级。依据“Inoticedthatthewaterwasalot…thanIthought.”可知，此处运用形容词的比较级，故选B。【11题详解】句意：爸爸，我们赶快把鱼从水里捞出来吧！get得到，原形；gets第三人称单数；got过去式。getting现在分词或者动名词。依据“Let’shurryupand”可知，letsbdo“让某人做”，故选A。【12题详解】句意：我们须要保留一些旧水，因为我们清洗鱼缸时，鲍勃须要一个地方住。so因此；or或者；because因为；but但是。依据“Bobneedsaplacetostaywhilewecleanthetank.”可知，此处空后为缘由，运用because，故选C。【13题详解】句意：那意味着我们不能立刻把鲍勃放进淡水里。mean意思是，原形；means第三人称单数；meant过去式；ismeaning现在进行时。依据“Instead,weneedtoputhiminacup”可知，本句为一般现在时，主语为单数，运用动词第三人称单数，故选B。【14题详解】句意：相反，我们须要把他放在一个装有少量脏水的杯子里一段时间。few几乎没有；afew一些；little几乎没有；alittle一点。依据“ofthedirtywater”可知，此处water为不行数名词，且表示确定含义，运用alittle，故选D。【15题详解】句意：一切好像都很简单。我希望下次我能独自清洗水箱。me我，宾格；my我的，形容词性物主代词；mine我的，名词性物主代词；myself我自己，反身代词。依据“by”可知，byoneself“独自”，故选D。二、完形填空（共10小题；每小题1分满分10分）阅读下面短文，驾驭其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项。Samwasworried.Thefollowingmorning,hewouldhaveartclass.Itwashisfavouriteclass,buttherewasa____16____.Samsawtheworlddifferentlyfromeverybodyelse.Whenhedrew,birdshaddifferent-sizedwings,andbuildingshadstrangeshapes.Everytimehepaintedapicture,histeachersandclassmateswouldbe____17____.Itwastimefortheartclass.Nervously,Samlookedatthewhitepieceofpaperinfrontofhim.“Goodmorningclass,”saidMr.White.“Today,we’regoingtopaint…”Sam____18____,wonderingwhatthenextwordwouldbe.Please,hethought,nothouses.Notbuildings…“We’regoingtopaint____19____”saidMr.White,withasmile.“Yes!Great!”saidSam____20____.“Wecan’tpaintthat!”shoutedMikefromtheothersideoftheclassroom.“Sureyoucan,”repliedMr.White____21____.“Thinkaboutit,Mike.Whatmakesyouhappy?”“Umm…beaches,sunshine,and…ice-cream!”saidMike.“Well,thereyougo.That’showyoupaintit.Startworking!”saidMr.White.Samwasalready____22____.Hesplashed(泼洒)largeamountsofpaintalloverthe____23____.Itwasreallybeautiful!Therewereshapesthatwedidn’thaveintherealworldandthecoloursweresoshining.Thewholeclass____24____andSamlookedproud.Fromthatdayon,Samwasnever______25______aboutartclass.Heknewthathecouldpainthappiness,nomatterwhathepainted.16.A.difference B.problem C.reason D.way17.A.encouraged B.relaxed C.satisfied D.surprised18.A.agreed B.replied C.understood D.waited19.A.buildings B.houses C.happiness D.summer20.A.excitedly B.carelessly C.kindly D.sadly21.A.angrily B.patiently C.secretly D.worriedly22.A.painting B.playing C.talking D.writing23.A.book B.floor C.paper D.wall24.A.cheered B.doubted C.finished D.regretted25.A.careful B.certain C.happy D.nervous【答案】16.B17.D18.D19.C20.A21.B22.A23.C24.A25.D【解析】【导语】本文介绍萨姆由担忧上美术课到喜爱上美术课的故事。【16题详解】句意：这是他最喜爱的课，但有一个问题。difference差异；problem问题；reason缘由；way方式。依据“Itwashisfavouriteclass,but”he“Samsawtheworlddifferentlyfromeverybodyelse.”可知，but后表转折，应当指有一个问题。故选B。【17题详解】句意：萨姆很惊异，不知道下一个单词会是什么。encouraged受鼓舞的；relaxed放松的；satisfied满足的；surprised惊异的。依据“Samsawtheworlddifferentlyfromeverybodyelse.Whenhedrew,birdshaddifferent-sizedwings,andbuildingshadstrangeshapes.”可知，此处老师和同学是惊异的，故选D。【18题详解】句意：萨姆等着，不知道下一个字会是什么。agreed同意；replied回复；understood理解；waited等待。依据“wonderingwhatthenextwordwouldbe.Please,hethought,nothouses.Notbuildings…”可知，他在等待着老师说出要画的内容。故选D。【19题详解】句意：怀特先生笑着说：“我们要画华蜜”。buildings建筑；houses房子；happiness欢乐，华蜜；summer夏天。依据“Whatmakesyouhappy?”和“Heknewthathecouldpainthappiness”可知，此处画的是华蜜，故选C。【20题详解】句意：“是的！太好了！”萨姆兴奋地说。excitedly兴奋地；carelessly马虎地；kindly爱护地，友好地；sadly难过地。依据“Yes!Great!”可知，萨姆很兴奋，故选A。【21题详解】句意：“当然可以，”怀特先生耐性地回答。angrily生气地；patiently耐性地；secretly隐私地；worriedly担忧地。依据““Wecan’tpaintthat!”shoutedMikefromtheothersideoftheclassroom.”可知，此处怀特先生听到了迈克的反对建议，没有生气，耐性地回复。故选B。【22题详解】句意：萨姆已经在画画了。painting画；playing玩；talking交谈；writing写。依据“Hesplashed(泼洒)largeamountsofpaint”可知，萨姆已经在进行绘画了。故选A。【23题详解】句意：他把大量的颜料泼洒在纸上。book书；floor地板；paper纸；wall墙。依据“Nervously,Samlookedatthewhitepieceofpaperinfrontofhim.”可知，应当在纸上进行绘画，故选C。【24题详解】句意：全班同学都欢呼起来，萨姆看起来很骄傲。cheered欢呼；doubted怀疑；finished结束；regretted懊悔。依据“Samlookedproud”可知，全班都为他欢呼，故选A。【25题详解】句意：从那天起，萨姆对美术课从不惊慌。careful当心的；certain确定的；happy欢乐的；nervous惊慌的。依据“Nervously,Samlookedatthewhitepieceofpaperinfrontofhim.”和“Heknewthathecouldpainthappiness”可知，之前是惊慌的，但现在得到了大家的认可，就不再惊慌了。故选D。三、阅读（共两节，满分35分）第一节阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从26~40各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。(A)Whenyouandyourfriendsturntoeachothertotalkaboutproblemsortroubles,yougiveeachotheradviceandhelp.Oneimportantthingofourgrowthistomakedecisionstohelpourfriendsandlearntosupporteachother.Thisrequiresustolearnwhatitmeanstohelpfriendsandhowtohelptheminrightways.Thefirststeptowardhelpingothersistoidentifythattheyneedhelp.Weallknowthatdifficultiesarepartofourdailylives.However,sometimessmallthingscanleadtomoreseriousproblemsthatrequiremorehelp.It’simportanttomakesurewhentohelpafriend.Forexample,youmaypickupsomesignsthatyourfriendsarenotactinglikethemselves.Thesesignsshowtheymaynotbewell.Thenextsteptowardhelpingothersistolisten.Payingattentiontootherswhilelisteningisveryimportantthroughoutourlife.Whenwecommunicatewithothers,weneedtolearnwhentospeakandwhennotto.Aslisteners,weshouldtrytounderstandwhatthespeakersarefeelingorexperiencingandtrytoseethingsfromtheirperspectives.Listeningandpayingattentiontootherswhentheyspeakisasignofrespectandaskillthatwillleadtodeeperandbetterrelationships.26.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Todiscusswhypeoplehelpeachother. B.Todescribetheproblemsofgivinghelp.C.Tointroducetheadvantagesofgivinghelp. D.Toexplainhowwecanhelpothersproperly.27.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“identify”inparagraph2mean?A.Require. B.Discover. C.Suggest. D.Remember.28.Whatisthemainideaofparagraph3?A.Actasagoodlistenertoyourfriends. B.Learnhowtogiveadvicetoyourfriends.C.Payattentiontoyourfriends’unusualacts. D.Buildgoodrelationshipswithyourfriends.29.Accordingtothewriter,whatshouldyoudoifyourfriendsdon’tfollowyouradviceontheirseriousproblems?A.Keeptheirproblemsassecrets. B.Letthemmaketheirowndecisions.C.Findoutthecausesoftheirproblems. D.Gethelpfromtheirtrustedteachers.【答案】26.D27.B28.A29.C【解析】【导语】本文讲解并描述用正确的方式帮助挚友的建议。26题详解】推理推断题。依据第一段“Thisrequiresustolearnwhatitmeanstohelpfriendsandhowtohelptheminrightways”可知，文章主要为了讲解并描述帮助挚友意味着什么，怎样以正确的方式帮助挚友。故选D。【27题详解】词义揣测题。依据其次段“It’simportanttomakesurewhentohelpafriend.Forexample,youmaypickupsomesignsthatyourfriendsarenotactinglikethemselves.Thesesignsshowtheymaynotbewell”可知，确认什么时候帮助挚友是重要的，“identify”表达“识别，确认”，相当于“discover”。故选B。【28题详解】段落大意题。依据“Thenextsteptowardhelpingothersistolisten.Payingattentiontootherswhilelisteningisveryimportantthroughoutourlife”可知，第三段讲解并描述帮助挚友接下来的一步是做一个好的倾听者。故选A。【29题详解】推理推断题。依据第三段“Aslisteners,weshouldtrytounderstandwhatthespeakersarefeelingorexperiencingandtrytoseethingsfromtheirperspectives”可知，假如在很严峻的问题上挚友不听取你的建议，你应当努力弄懂挚友的感受和经验，努力从他们的角度看问题。可知须要弄清晰问题的缘由。故选C。(B)Slowlybutsurely,Amyandhergrandparentsweremakingprogress.Boxesofallsizeswereplacedontopofeachotherthroughoutthehouse.Amy’sgrandparentshadlivedinthehouseforyearsandtheyhadcollectedmanythings.Thediningroomwasfullofmemories.Amy’sgrandfatherkeptmanyfinedinnerplates（盘子）fromhishometown.Amyrememberedthattheyatefromthered,yellow,andblueplatesduringimportantholidays.Aftercarefullywrappingup（包袱）theplatesandputtingthemintoabox,Amylifteditupandmoveditoutoftheway.Buttheboxwastooheavy.Itsuddenlyfellfromherarmsanddroppedtothefloor.Allthreeofthemheardtheplatesshatter.“I’msorry!”Amyapologised.“It’sokay,”hergrandfathersaidquietly.“Itwasanaccident.”Theyopenedtheboxand,sureenough,manyoftheplateswerebroken.Onlyafewremainedwhole.Lookingatthesmallpieces,Amyfeltreallyterrible.Sheknewtheseplateswerepasseddownfromhergreatgrandparentsand…“Don’tworry,”hergrandmothersaid,pattingherontheback.Carefully,theyputthebrokenpiecesintoarubbishbag.Theycontinuedpackingforalittlewhile,butAmystillfeltverysorry.Shewastryingveryhardtothinkofawaytomakeitupforhergrandparents.Soon,Amy’sfathercame.“Ihavetogo,”shesaid.“Dadisheretopickmeup.”Shekissedhergrandparentsbothpickedupthebagofthebrokenpiecesandleft.“What’sthat?”herfatherasked,asAmyclimbedintothecar.Amylookedatthebaginherhandsasanideacametoher.“This,”shesaid,“isanartproject.”Thefollowingday,Amywenttoanartstoreandboughteverythingsheneeded.Thenshestartedtowork.Sheusedathinboardasthebase.Thenshetookoutthecolourfulplatepiecesandgluedtheminacreativewayontheboard.Whenitwasdry,Amywrappeditup.Afewdayslater,Amy’sfamilyhadabigdinnerathergrandparents’newhouse.Shehandedhergifttohergrandparents.“Thisisfantastic,Amy!”saidhergrandfather.“Ican’twaittohangitupinournewhome,”Amy’sgrandmothersaidasshegaveherabighug.30.WhatwasAmyhelpinghergrandparentsdoatthebeginningofthestory?A.Movetoanewhouse. B.Wrapupsomepresents.C.Collectfinedinnerplates. D.Prepareabigfamilydinner.31.WhydidAmyfeelsorryforthebrokenplates?A.Theywereneverusedbythefamily. B.Theywerevaluableholidaypresents.C.Theyweremeaningfulfamilytreasures. D.Theywereexpensivehometownproducts.32.HowdidAmyfinallydealwiththebrokenplatepieces?A.Shesentthemtoanartstore. B.Sheputtheminherfather’scar.C.Shemadeaspecialgiftwiththem. D.Shethrewthemintoarubbishbag.33.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesAmy?A.Kindandcreative. B.Bravebutforgetful.C.Carelessbuthelpful. D.Funnyandhardworking.【答案】30.A31.C32.C33.A【解析】【导语】本文讲解并描述艾米帮祖父母搬家的时候打破了盘子，她感到很内疚，她用碎片制作了一份礼物送给了祖父母。【30题详解】推理推断题。依据第一段“Slowlybutsurely,Amyandhergrandparentsweremakingprogress.Boxesofallsizeswereplacedontopofeachotherthroughoutthehouse”及第三段“Aftercarefullywrappinguptheplatesandputtingthemintoabox,Amylifteditupandmoveditoutoftheway”可知，艾米帮祖父母把东西打包搬家。故选A。【31题详解】推理推断题。依据第六段“Sheknewtheseplateswerepasseddownfromhergreatgrandparents”可知，这些盘子是从祖祖父母那里传下来的，可知是有意义的家族财宝。故选C。【32题详解】推理推断题。依据倒数第四段“shetookoutthecolourfulplatepiecesandgluedtheminacreativewayontheboard.Whenitwasdry,Amywrappeditup”及倒数第三段“Shehandedhergifttohergrandparents”可知，她用破裂的盘子制作了一份礼物。故选C。【33题详解】推理推断题。文章讲解并描述艾米帮祖父母搬家的时候打破了盘子，她感到很内疚，她用碎片制作了一份礼物送给了祖父母。可推断艾米特别和善特别有创意。故选A。(C)CharlesDarwinEarlyyearsCharlesDarwinwasoneofthesixchildrenfromabigfamily.HisgrandfatherandfatherweredoctorsandtheyoungDarwinwenttoEdinburghUniversitytostudymedicine.However,hehatedtoseebloodandhesoonrealizedthathecouldn’tbeadoctor.HethenwenttoCambridgeUniversityanddiscoveredthathehadagreatinterestinstudyingplants,insectsandanimals.Luckily,oneofDarwin’suniversityteachershelpedhim,jointheperfecttripforabiologist:avoyagearoundtheworldtostudynature.TheBeagleIn1831,CharlesDarwinleftPlymouthonTheBeagle,ashipthattookhimaroundtheworldforfiveyears.Whilehewastravelling,hestudiedtheplantsandanimalsinthecountriesandontheislandsthattheshipvisited.DarwinalsospenthistimeonTheBeaglewritingnotesaboutthethingshehadseen.WhenhefinallyarrivedbackinBritain,Darwinwasalreadystartingtocreatehisfamoustheorythatalllivingthingshadacommonancestor(祖先).DownhouseAthomeatDownHouse,aplacethatyoucanstillvisittoday,Darwinwrotemanyarticlesandbooksabouthistravels,buthedidn’twanttomakeanythingabouthistheoryknowntothepublic.Heworkedinhisstudy,wherehewrote250,000wordsabouthistheoryofevolution(进化论),buthewasfrightenedaboutwhatpeoplemightsayabouthisideathatmonkeysweretheancestorsofhumans.Hethoughtthepublicwouldbeagainstitandwassofrightenedthathebecameillwithworry.However,whenanotherscientiststartedtowriteaboutsimilarideas,Darwindecidedtoprinthisbook,OntheOriginofSpecies.MostscientistsacceptedDarwin’stheoryandpeoplecontinuetostudyittoday.On12thFebruary,thedayhewasborn,DarwinDayiscelebratedaroundtheworldtoencouragemorepeopletostudythenaturalworld.34.WhatcausedDarwintogiveuphisstudyofmedicine?A.Hedidn’tlikeseeingblood. B.Hefoundthestudiestoodifficult.C.Hewaspushedtogiveupbyhisfamily. D.Hewasadvisedtostudynaturalscience.35.WhywasthetriponTheBeagleimportanttoDarwin?A.Ithelpedhimtofinishhisstudyattheuniversity.B.Itallowedhimtochangehismindabouthisfuture.C.Itgavehimideasaboutthebeginningsofhumanlife.D.Itgothimtocompletehismostfamousbookontheship.36.InwhatorderdidthefollowinghappeninDarwin’slife?a.HearrivedbackinBritainin1836.b.Hethoughtthepublicwouldnotsupporthisideas.c.Hebecameinterestedinstudyingthenaturalworld.d.Heprintedhisfamousbook,OntheOriginofSpecies.e.Hereceivedhelptogetaplaceonatriparoundtheworld.f.Hestudiedtheplantsandanimalsontheislandshevisited.A.e→f→c→a→b→d B.c→e→f→a→b→d C.e→f→a→c→d→b D.c→e→f→d→a→b37.Whydidthewriterincludethelastparagraph?ATointroduceDarwin’sfamousbook.B.TotellhowpeoplecelebrateDarwinDay.C.ToexplainwhypeopleacceptDarwin’sideas.D.ToshowDarwin’sinfluenceonnaturalscience.【答案】34.A35.C36.B37.D【解析】【导语】本文讲解并描述达尔文早期的学习和旅行经验，讲解并描述达尔文探讨自然世界，并完成《物种起源》的经验。【34题详解】细微环节理解题。依据第一段“hehatedtoseebloodandhesoonrealizedthathecouldn’tbeadoctor”可知，达尔文厌烦看到血，所以放弃了学医。故选A。【35题详解】细微环节理解题。依据其次段“DarwinalsospenthistimeonTheBeaglewritingnotesaboutthethingshehadseen.WhenhefinallyarrivedbackinBritain,Darwinwasalreadystartingtocreatehisfamoustheorythatalllivingthingshadacommonancestor”可知，达尔文在“小猎户号”船上的旅行，让他起先创建他出名的理论，他认为全部的生物都有一个共同的祖先。故选C。【36题详解】推理推断题。依据“hehadagreatinterestinstudyingplants,insectsandanimals”可知，他对学习自然世界感爱好。依据“oneofDarwin’suniversityteachershelpedhim,jointheperfecttripforabiologist:avoyagearoundtheworldtostudynature”可知，他得到帮助可以去环球航行。依据“hestudiedtheplantsandanimalsinthecountriesandontheislandsthattheshipvisited”可知，他在岛上探讨植物和动物。依据“WhenhefinallyarrivedbackinBritain”可知，他回到英国。依据“hewasfrightenedaboutwhatpeoplemightsayabouthisideathatmonkeysweretheancestorsofhumans”可知，他认为大众不会支持他的想法。依据“Darwindecidedtoprinthisbook,OntheOriginofSpecies”可知，他出版了他的书《物种起源》。正确的依次是c→e→f→a→b→d。故选B。【37题详解】推理推断题。依据最终一段“DarwinDayiscelebratedaroundtheworldtoencouragemorepeopletostudythenaturalworld”可知，达尔文日是为了激励更多的人探讨自然科学。可推断最终一段是为了展示达尔文在自然科学上的影响。故选D。(D)Imagineyouareinanewcity.Youasksomeonehowtogettoabookstore.Theytellyoutogostraight,turnleft,andyouwillfinditonyourleft.Infact,youcanalsofindyourwaywithaphone.Nowimagineyouareinanoutdoorgame.Youonlyhaveamapandacompass,andinsteadofrunningdownacityroad,youmayneedtorunaroundinthewoods,climboverrocksandgoupanddownhills.Welcometoorienteering!Inthegameoforienteering,playersuseamapandacompasstofindstations.Thesestationsarecalledcontrols.Aspecialflag,usuallyinbrightcolours,markseachcontrol.Controlsarenoteasytofind.Theymaybeinfrontofabigrockorbehindatree.Inmostofthegames,you’llhavetofindcontrolsinnumberedorder,butinsomegamesyoucanchangetheorder.Ateachcontrol,playersmarkacardtheycarrywiththemandthecardwillbemarkedindifferentways(SeeFigure1).Thecardsareveryimportantbecauseplayersmustfindallthecontrolstowin.Ifsomeonemissesacontrol,theywon’thavethatmarkontheircards.Theymightcrossthefinishlinefirst,butthenextpersontofinishwithafullcardwillwinthegame.OrienteeringControlCardCultureNote:ThefirstcompasswasinventedbyancientChinesepeople.IthelpsyoufindyourwaybyalwayspointingtotheNorth.NameStarttimeCourseAgeClassFinishtime123456789101112Figure138.Whatwillplayerscarryinthegame?A.Amap,acompassandaflag. B.Aflag,acompassandacard.C.Acompass,amapandacard. D.Aphone,acompassandamap.39.Whichofthefollowingisaruleofthegame?A.Youdon’tneedtomarkthecards.B.Youcan’tmissanyofthecontrolstowin.C.Youhavetofindcontrolsinnumberedorder.D.Youmustbethefirsttopassthefinishlinetowin.40.HowmanycontrolshasAnnafinishedinthegame?A.9. B.10. C.11. D.12.【答案】38.C39.B40.B【解析】【导语】本文讲解并描述定向运动嬉戏的详细操作说明。【38题详解】细微环节理解题。依据“Inthegameoforienteering,playersuseamapandacompasstofindstations”及“Ateachcontrol,playersmarkacardtheycarrywiththemandthecardwillbemarkedindifferentways”可知，在嬉戏中，须要携带一张地图，一个指南针和一张卡片。故选C。【39题详解】推理推断题。依据“Ifsomeonemissesacontrol,theywon’thavethatmarkontheircard”，可知假如错过了一个限制点，就不会在卡片上得到那个得分，可知不能错过赢的任何限制点。故选B。【40题详解】推理推断题。依据表格的限制点有1到5,7到9，以及11到12，可知共完成10个限制点。故选B。其次节阅读填空（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）阅读短文及文后A~E选项，选出可以填入41~45各题空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Weallknowthatexerciseisgoodforus,don’twe?____41____Justthinkingabouthavingtorunorswimalongwaycanbeenoughtomakesomepeoplewanttoliedownandgiveup!However,didyouknowthatexerciseisnotallaboutdoingsport?____42____Movingourbodiescausesourbrainstogiveoutsomespecialchemicalsthatcreateagoodfeeling.Justtenminutesofworkingoutcanleaveusfeelinghappier,Moreover,regularexercisehelpsusfeelfresherandgettosleepmoreeasily.Finally,ifweconnectourexercisewithahealthydiet,wewilllookhealthierandfeelmoreconfidentaboutourselves.Soundslikeagooddeal,doesn’tit?____43____Ifexercisehasn’tbeenpartofyourlifeforalongtime,thereisnopointtrainingforamarathon（马拉松）:youwillsoongiveupandgobacktoyouroldways!Walkingandridingbikesaroundthelocalparkfortenminuteseverydayaregreatwaystodevelopafitnesshabit.Chooseanactivitythatnotonlyexercisesyourbody,butthatyoualsoenjoy.Somepeoplesimplygojoggingwhilelisteningtotheirfavouritemusic.Otherstakeupactivitiessuchasdancingorplayingbasketballwiththeirfriends.Maketheexperiencemoreenjoyableasyouworkout.____44____Itdoesn’tmatterhowmuchweexercise.Doingregularexerciseisn’tjustaboutappearance.____45____Whowouldn’twantthat?A.Startsmall!B.Thatway,you’llnevergiveitup!C.It’saboutbeinghealthierandfeelinghappier.D.Forastart,exerciseisnotjustaboutthebody.E.Butwealsoknowthatnoteverybodylovesdoingit.【答案】41.E42.D43.A44.B45.C【解析】【导语】本文讲解并描述做熬炼的好处，讲解并描述熬炼应从小的方面着手，做让人享受的运动，这样才能让人更健康更快乐。【41题详解】依据“Justthinkingabouthavingtorunorswimalongwaycanbeenoughtomakesomepeoplewanttoliedownandgiveup”可知，跑或者游泳很长一段路会让人想躺倒放弃，可知讲解并描述熬炼对人有好处，但是不是每个人都会喜爱。E选项“但是我们也知道不是每个人都喜爱做这件事”符合。故选E。【42题详解】依据“Movingourbodiescausesourbrainstogiveoutsomespecialchemicalsthatcreateagoodfeeling”及“Moreover,regularexercisehelpsusfeelfresherandgettosleepmoreeasily”可知，身体的运动引起人的大脑的改变，帮助人感觉更簇新更简单睡着，可知讲解并描述除了身体，熬炼对人其他方面的影响。D选项“首先，熬炼不只是关于身体方面的”符合。故选D。【43题详解】依据“giveupandgobacktoyouroldways”及“Walkingandridingbikesaroundthelocalparkfortenminuteseverydayaregreatwaystodevelopafitnesshabit”可知，每天走路骑自行车特别钟是形成熬炼习惯的好方法，这样人不会放弃，可知句子讲解并描述应从小的方面着手。A选项“从小的方面起先”符合。故选A。【44题详解】依据“Chooseanactivitythatnotonlyexercisesyourbody,butthatyoualsoenjoy”及“Maketheexperiencemoreenjoyableasyouworkout”可知，选择的熬炼活动不仅能有益于身体，而且让人享受。可知句子讲解并描述让人享受的运动对人的好处。B选项“那样的话，你就永不会放弃”符合。故选B。【45题详解】依据“Doingregularexerciseisn’tjustaboutappearance”可知，有规律的熬炼不只是关于外表，依据前文讲解并描述对人其他方面的好处，以及熬炼让人享受，可推断，句子讲解并描述熬炼更多的是让人健康让人快乐。C选项“是关于更健康和感觉更快乐”符合。故选C。四、写作（共三节，满分30分）第一节语篇填词（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）阅读短文，依据上下文和所给的首字母写出所缺单词。留意运用正确形式，每空限填一词。答卷时，要求写出完整单词。DunbuangisahistoriccityinGansu.Inancienttimes,Dunhuangwasanimportantc___46___oftrade.AstheSilkRoaddeveloped,DunhuangbecameChina’swesterngatewaytotheworld.Here,differentculturesmetandinfluencedeachother.Peoplefromf___47___countriesdidbusinessandcommunicatedwiththelocalpeople.Ifyouv___48___Dunhuang,youwillbeabletoseetheMogaoCaves（莫高窟）.Ifyouwalki___49___,youwilldiscoversomeofthewonderfulartworks.Thereareover45,000squaremetresofbeautifulpaintingsonthecavewalls,aswellasthousandsofstatues.Overtheyears,ChinahasmadegreateffortstoprotecttheMogaoCaves.Today,youcanalsofindhigh-qualityphotosoftheartworksontheInternet.Peopleallovertheworldnowhaveac___50___toseeDunhuang’streasuresonline.【答案】46.(c)entre##(c)enter47.(f)oreign48.(v)isit49.(i)nside50.(c)hance【解析】【导语】本文讲解并描述敦煌在古代是贸易中心，讲解并描述在敦煌可以看到莫高窟和许多艺术作品，讲解并描述现在人们可以在网上看到敦煌的财宝。【46题详解】句意：在古代，敦煌是一个重要的贸易中心。依据“an”可知用单数名词作表语。依据“AstheSilkRoaddeveloped,DunhuangbecameChina’swesterngatewaytotheworld”及首字母提示，可知，句子讲解并描述敦煌古代是贸易中心，用名词“center”或“centre”。故填(c)entre/(c)enter。【47题详解】句意：外国的人和当地的人经商和沟通。名词“countries”前用形容词修饰，依据“differentcultures”及首字母提示，可知句子表达外国的人，用形容词“foreign”。故填(f)oreign。【48题详解】句意：假如你参观敦煌，你能看到莫高窟。这是“if”引导的条件状语从句，遵循主将从现的原则，主句是一般将来时，从句是一般现在时表示将来。依据“youwillbeabletoseetheMogaoCaves”及首字母提示，可知句子表达参观敦煌，主语是“you”，动词用“visit”。故填(v)isit。【49题详解】句意：假如你走进去，你会发觉一些完备的艺术作品。动词“walk”用副词修饰，依据“discoversomeofthewonderfulartworks”及首字母提示，可知句子表达走进去，用“walkinside”。故填(i)nside。【50题详解】句意：全世界的人现在有机会在网上看到敦煌的财宝。动词“have”后缺宾语，依据“a”可知是单数名词。依据“toseeDunhuang’streasuresonline”及首字母提示，可知句子表达有机会，用“havea