2024年高考英语真题模拟试题专项汇编5阅读理解-科技类含解析

PAGE2024年高考英语真题模拟试题专项汇编（5）阅读理解-科技类1.

ThetrafficsignalsalongFactoriaBoulevardinBellevue,Washington,generallydon'tflashthesamelengthofgreentwiceinarow,especiallyatrushhour.At9:30am,thefullred/yellow/greensignalcyclemightbe140seconds.By9:33am,aburstofadditionaltrafficmightpushitto145seconds.Lesstrafficat9:37amcouldpushitdownto135.Justlikethetrafficitself,thetimingofthesignalschanges.

Thatisbydesign.Bellevue,afast-growingcity,justeastofSeattle,usesasystemthatisgainingpopularityaroundtheUS:intersection(十字路口)signalsthatcanadjustinrealtimetotrafficconditions.Theselights,knownasadaptivesignals,haveledtosignificantdeclinesinboththetroubleandcostoftravelsbetweenworkandhome.

"Adaptivesignalscanmakesurethatthetrafficdemandthatisthereisbeingaddressed,"saysAlexStevanovic,aresearcheratFloridaAtlanticUniversity.

ForallofBellevue'ssuccess,adaptivesignalsarenotacure-allforjammedroadways.KevinBalke,aresearchengineerattheTexasA&MUniversityTransportationInstitute,saysthatwhilesmartlightscanbeparticularlybeneficialforsomecities,othersaresojammedthatonlyasharpreductioninthenumberofcarsontheroadwillmakeameaningfuldifference."It'snotgoingtofixeverything,butadaptivesignalshavesomebenefitsforsmallercities,"hesays.

InBellevue,theswitchtoadaptivesignalshasbeenalessoninthevalueofwelcomingnewapproaches.Inthepast,therewasoftenanautomaticreactiontoincreasedtraffic:justwidentheroads,saysMarkPoch,theBellevueTransportationDepartment'strafficengineeringmanager.Nowhehopesthatothercitieswillconsidermakingtheirstreetsrunsmarterinsteadofjustmakingthembigger.(1).Whatdoestheunderlinedword"that"inparagraph2referto?A.Increasedlengthofgreenlights. B.Shortenedtrafficsignalcycle.C.Flexibletimingoftrafficsignals. D.Smoothtrafficflowontheroad.(2).WhatdoesKevinBalkesayaboutadaptivesignals?A.Theyworkbetteronbroadroads. B.Theyshouldbeusedinothercities.C.Theyhavegreatlyreducedtrafficontheroad. D.Theyarelesshelpfulincitiesseriouslyjammed.(3).WhatcanwelearnfromBellevue'ssuccess?A.Itisrewardingtotrynewthings. B.Theoldmethodsstillworktoday.C.Ipaystoputtheoryintopractice. D.Thesimplestwayisthebestway.2.

Forpeople,whoareinterestedinsound,thefieldofsoundtechnologyisdefinitelymakingnoise.Inthepast,soundengineersworkedinthebackroomsofrecordingstudios,butmanyoftoday'ssoundprofessionalsaresharingtheirknowledgeandexperiencewithprofessionalsinotherfieldstocreatenewproductsbasedonthephenomenonwecallsound.

Soundcanbeusedasaweapon.Imaginethatapoliceofficerischasingathief.Thethieftriestoescape.Andtheofficercan'tlethimgetaway.Hepullsoutaspecialdevice,pointsitatthesuspect,andswitchesiton.Thethiefdropstotheground.ThisnewweaponiscalledaLongRangeAcousticDevice(LRAD,远程定向声波放射器).Itproducesadeafeningsoundsopainfulthatittemporarilydisablesaperson.ThenoisefromtheLRADisdirectedlikearayoflightandtravelsonlyintotheearsofthatperson,butitisnotdeadly.

Forthosewhohungerforsomepeaceandquiet,soundcannowcreatesilence.Let'ssayyouareattheairport,andthelittleboyontheseatnexttoyouishumming(哼唱)ashortcommercialsong.Hehumsitoverandoveragain,andyouareabouttogocrazy.ThankstotheSilenceMachine,aBritishinvention,youcangetridofthesoundwithoutupsettingtheboyorhisparents.OnemaywonderhowtheSilenceMachineworks.Well,itfunctionsbyanalyzingthewavesoftheincomingsoundandcreatingasecondsetofoutgoingwaves.Thetwosetsofwavescanceleachotherout.Simplyturnthemachineorpointitatthetarget,andyourpeaceandquietcomesback.

Directedsoundisanewtechnologythatallowscompaniestousesoundinmuchthesamewayspotlights(聚光灯)areusedinthetheater.Aspotlightlightsuponlyonesectionofastage;similarly,"spotsound"createsacircleofsoundinontargetedarea.Thiscanbeusefulforbusinessessuchasrestaurantsandstoresbecauseitoffersanewwaytoattractcustomers.Restaurantscanofferachoiceofmusicalongwiththevariousfoodchoicesonthemenu,allowingcustomersmorecontrolovertheatmosphereinwhichtheyaredining.Directedsoundisalsobeginningtoappearinshoppingcentersandevenathomes.(1).WhatcouldbeinferredfromParagraph2abouttheeffectoftheLRAD?A.Itcausestemporaryhearingloss. B.Itslowsdownarunningman.C.Itmakesiteasytoidentifyasuspect. D.Itkeepsthesuspectfromhurtingothers.(2).TheSilenceMachineisadevicespeciallydesignedto________.A.silencethepeoplearoundyou B.removethesoundofcommercialsC.blocktheincomingsoundwaves D.stopunwantedsoundfromaffectingyou(3).Whatfeaturedospotsoundsandspotlightsshare?A.Theytravelincircles. B.Theycleartheatmosphere.C.Theycanbetransformedintoenergy. D.Theycanbedirectedontoaspecificarea.(4).Directedsoundcanbeusedfor________.A.creativedesignsofrestaurantmenus B.idealsoundeffectsonthetheaterstageC.differentchoicesofmusicforbusinesses D.strictcontroloveranysuspiciouscustomer(5).Whatdoesthepassagefocuson?A.Howprofessionalsinventedsoundproducts. B.Inventionsinthefieldofsoundtechnology.C.Thegrowinginterestinthestudyofsound. D.Howsoundengineersworkintheirstudios.3.

Sometimesit'shardtoletgo.FormanyBritishpeople,thatcanapplytoinstitutionsandobjectsthatrepresenttheircountry'spast—age-oldcastles,splendidhomes...andredphoneboxes.

Beatenfirstbythemarchoftechnologyandlatelybytheterribleweatherinjunkyards(废品场),thephoneboxesrepresentativeofanagearenowmakingsomethingofacomeback.Adaptedinimaginativeways,manyhavereappearedoncitystreetsandvillagegreenshousingtinycafes,cellphonerepair,shopsorevendefibrillatormachines(除颤器).

Theoriginalironboxeswiththeroundroofsfirstappearedin1926.TheyweredesignedbyGilesGilbertScott,thearchitectoftheBatterseaPowerStationinLondon.AfterbecominganimportantpartofmanyBritishstreets,thephoneboxesbegandisappearinginthe1980s,withtheriseofthemobilephonesendingmostofthemawaytothejunkyards.

Aboutthattime,TonyInglis'engineeringandtransportcompanygotthejobtoremovephoneboxesfromthestreetsandsellthemout.ButInglisendedupbuyinghundredsofthemhimself,withtheideaofrepairingandsellingthem.Hesaidthathehadheardthecallstopreservetheboxesandhadseenhowsomeofthemwerelistedashistoricbuildings.

AsInglisand,laterotherbusinessmen,gottowork,repurposedphoneboxesbeganreappearingincitiesandvillagesaspeoplefoundnewusesforthem.Today,theyareonceagainafamiliarsight,playingrolesthatareoftenjustasimportantforthecommunityastheiroriginalpurpose.

Inruralareas,whereambulancescantakearelativelylongtimetoarrive,thephoneboxeshavetakenonalifesavingrole.Localorganizationscanadoptthemfor1pound,andinstalldefibrillatorstohelpinemergencies.

Othersalsolookedatthephoneboxesandsawbusinessopportunities.LoveFone,acompanythatadvocatesrepairingcellphonesratherthanabandoningthem,openedaminiworkshopinaLondonphoneboxin2024.

Thetinyshopsmadeeconomicsense,accordingtoRobertKerr,afounderofLoveFone.Hesaidthatoneoftheboxesgeneratedaround$13,500inrevenueamonthandcostonlyabout$400torent.

Inglissaidphoneboxescalledtomindanagewhenthingswerebuilttolast."Ilikewhattheyaretopeople,andIenjoybringingthingsback."hesaid.(1).Thephoneboxesaremakingacomeback_______.A.toformabeautifulsightofthecity B.toimprovetelecommunicationsservicesC.toremindpeopleofahistoricalperiod D.tomeettherequirementofgreeneconomy(2).Whydidthephoneboxesbegintogooutofserviceinthe1980s?A.Theywerenotwell-designed. B.Theyprovidedbadservices.C.Theyhadtooshortahistory. D.Theylosttonewtechnologies.(3).Thephoneboxesarebecomingpopularmainlybecauseof________.A.theirnewappearanceandlowerprices B.thepushofthelocalorganizationsC.theirchangedrolesandfunctions D.thebigfundingofthebusinessmen4.Aswelivelongerandtechnologycontinuesitsrapiddevelopment,wecanimagineafuturewheremachineswillenlargeourhumanabilitiesandhelpusmakebetterlifechoices,fromhealthtowealth.Throughourdialogueanddigitalpieces,AIwillunderstandourlifegoalsandwishes,ourdutiesandlimitations.Itwillhelpusplandifferentlifeevents,sowecanspendmoretimeenjoyinglife’smoments.Theabilityforartificialintelligencetounderstandthecomplexitiesandslightdifferencesofhumanconversationis,however,onehurdle.Thereareseveralthousandknownlivinglanguagesintheworldtoday.Addingtothedifficultiesarethevariedwayswordsaresharedandusedacrossdifferentcultures,includinggrammar,levelsofeducationandstylesofthespeakers.GoogleDuplex,thetechnologysupportingGoogleAssistant,whichplacesphonecallsusinganatural-soundinghumanvoiceinsteadofaroboticone,isanearlyattempttoaddresssuchchallengesinhumancommunications.ButthesearejustinitialwhispersinvoiceofAI’slongjourney.Beyondmakingreservationsandconductingsimpledialogues,virtualassistantswillneedtobecomefarmoreusefulandfurtherfitintothepartsofoureverydaylives.Notonlywilltheyneedtoforeseewhatweneedbeforeweask,theyalsoneedtounderstandthecontextofourconversationsandreactaccordingly.Imagineasnowdaywhenschooliscanceledforthekids.Knowingthatyoumustnowstayathomewithyourchildren,yourphonewouldremindyou,askingifyou’dlikeyourmeetingsmovedtothefollowingday.Alternatively,imaginehowmuchmorepleasantyourjourneyhomefromabusinesstripwouldbeifyourphonecouldautomaticallyarrangeforaridewaitingtopickyouupattheairport,basedonyourtravelplan,location,andhabits.Thepossibilitiesareendless.1.WhatdoweknowaboutAI?A.Theynarrowourabilities. B.Theylimitourbetterchoice.C.Theydon’tknowourlimitations. D.Theyhelpusenjoylifebetter.2.WhatmakesithardforAItounderstandwhathumanssay?A.Lowlevelofspeakers. B.ImperfectionofAI.C.Varietiesoflanguagesandcultures. D.Similaritiesbetweenlanguages.3.Whichwordcanbestdescribetheauthor’sattitudetowardsAI?A.Doubtful. B.Approving. C.Negative. D.Critical.4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.AIWillReplaceHumans B.AIWillSetGoalsforUs.C.AIWillBePartofOurDailyLives. D.AIWillMeetChallenges.5.Fortwocenturies,thefamousUniversityofCambridgedebatingsocietyhashostedmanyprominentfigures,fromworldleaderstoscientiststocomedians.OnNov21,theCambridgeUnionhosteditsfirst-evernon-humanguest.DesignedbyIBM,ProjectDebaterisamachinethatusesArtificialIntelligence(AI)toformaspokenargument.Itcanevenlistenandanswertoopposingstatements,muchlikearealperson.SpeakingwithavoicesimilartoSiri,ProjectDebaterusesAItosearchjournals,newspapersandotherinformationsources.Itthenfiltersout(过滤)uselessinformation,picksthestrongestarguments,andarrangesthemintoapersuasiveargument.“IntheCambridgetestdebate,itarguedthetopic:AIwillultimatelydomoreharmthangood.AccordingtoIBM,itisthefirstmachinethatcandebatecomplicatedtopicswithhumans.Beforethedebate,morethan1,100argumentsforthepositivesandnegativesofAIweresubmittedtotheIBMwebsite.Themachinethenanalyzedthesesourcesandformedthebasisofitsargumentsinminutes.ProjectDebaterthenshowedoffitsAIbyarguingforbothsidesofthedebate.Overafour-minutespeech,itarguedfirstthat,“AIcanonlymakedecisionsthatithasbeenprogrammedtosolve,whilehumanscanbeprogrammedforallplots,possibleevents.”InsupportofAI,itthenarguedthatAIwouldcreatenewjobsand“bringalotmoreefficiency”totheworkplace.Thisisn’tthefirsttestforProjectDebater.InJune2024,themachinewentback-and-forthfor20minutesagainstchampiondebaterHarishNatarajan.AccordingtoNewScientist,onbothoccasions,ProjectDebaterrepeatedpointsanddidn’talwayssufficientlysupportthem.SpeakingtoCambridgeIndependent,NoamSlonim,theproject’sleadengineer,said,“TheAIisnotperfect,butit’sgoingintherightdirection.”TheteamhopestoimprovetheAIbyresearchingwhyhumansfindcertainargumentsmorepersuasivethanothers.1.InwhichwaydoesProjectDebaterbehavelikearealperson?A.Itcanlistenandanswertoopposingstatements. B.ItcanspeakwithavoicesimilartoSiri.C.Itcancreatevarioususefulsources. D.Itcandealwithanysituation.2.WhatwerepreparedforthemachinebeforetheCambridgetestdebate?A.Analyzedsources. B.Uselessmessages.C.Materialsforarguments. D.Itemsabouthumandebaters.3.Wecaninferfromthetextthat_________.A.AIdidbetterthanhumansinargumentsB.themachinehadrichideastosupportitspointsC.themachinebeatHarishNatarajaninthefirsttestD.AIneedsmorepersuasiveargumentsindebates4.WhatisNoamSlonim’sattitudetotheAI?A.Supportive. B.Unconfident. C.Negative. D.Indifferent.6.

Nineminicheetahsrobotsappearedinthefieldtoshowtheirathleticabilities.Thefour-leggedmachines,miniversionsofthelargerandheavierCheetah3,beganwithawarm-uprunacrossthefield.

Thoughtheymaybesimilartotheirpredecessors(原先的事物),thenewfour-leggedmachinesaremuchmoreadvanced.Weighingjustninekilograms,therobotscanbendandswingtheirlegswide,givingthemtheabilitytowalkeitherright-side-uporupsidedown.Theycanalsotravelthroughunevenplacesatabouttwicethespeedofanaverageperson'swalkingpaceandquicklyrightthemselvesifkickedtothegroundandperformunbelievable360-degreebackflips(后空翻)fromastandingposition.

UnliketheCheetah3,themainrobotsarebuiltusingcheapandeasytofindparts.Thismeansthatifanarmoramotorbreaks,itcanbeeasilyreplaced.''Ifyouwantedtoaddanotherarm,youcouldjustaddthreeorfourmoreofthesemotors,saidleaddeveloperBenjaminKatz,'"Youcouldputthesepartstogether,almostlikeLegos.”

Theteam,whichcurrentlyhastenofthefour-leggedmachines,planstobuildadditionalunitsinotheruniversityroboticlabs."Abigpartofwhywebuiltthisrobotisthatitmakesiteasytoexperimentandjusttrycrazythings,becausetherobotisverystronganddoesn’tbreakeasily,andifitdoesbreak,it’seasyandnotveryexpensivetofix,saidKatz.

Hebelievesthatthiswillenableotherengineerstoteachtherobotsdifferentskills."Eventually,I'mhopingthatwecouldhavearoboticdogracethroughanobstaclecourse,whereeachteamcontrolsaminicheetahwithdifferentways,andwecanseewhichstrategyismoreeffective.That’showyouaccelerateresearch,”saidKatz.

Theteam'sreasonfordevelopingtherobotsextendsbeyondentertainment.Theyhopethatsomedaypacksof“cheetahs”willassistfirstrespondentswithsearchandrecoverymissionsfollowingnaturaldisasterslikeearthquakes^workalongsidefirefighters,andevenrespondtomilitaryemergencies.1.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheminirobot?

A.Delicate. B.Portable. C.Complex. D.Flexible.

2.Whyarecheapmaterialsusedfortheminirobot?

A.Totestitoutinotherfields. B.Toproduceitonalargescale.

C.Tomakesureit’seasytorepair. D.Tomakepeopleaffordtobuyit.

3.What’sthemainpurposeofmakingthe“cheetahs”?

A.Toreplacefirefighters. B.Toentertainpeopleinaway.

C.Tobringmoreconveniencetopeople. D.Tohelppeopleindangeroussituation.

4.Whereisthetextmostlikelyfrom?

A.Adiary. B.Amagazine. C.Anovel. D.Aguidebook.7.DutchofficialstoastedonTuesdaytheopeningofwhatisbeingcalledtheworld’sfirst3D-printedconcretebridge,whichismeanttobeusedbycyclists.Therewasapplauseasofficialswearinghardhatsandworkmen’sjacketsrodeoverthebridgeontheirbikesattheopeningceremonyinthesoutheasterntownofGemert.“Thebridgeisnotverybig,butitwasrolledoutbyaprinterwhichmakesitunique,”TheoSalet,fromtheEindhovenUniversityofTechnology,toldDutchbroadcasterNOS.Workonprintingthebridge,whichhassome800layers,tookaboutthreemonthsafterstartinginJuneanditismadeofpre-stressedconcrete,accordingtotheuniversity.“Oneoftheadvantagesofprintingabridgeisthatmuchlessconcreteisneededthanintheconventionaltechniqueinwhichamould(泥浆)isfilled,”itsaidonitswebsite,adding“aprinterdepositstheconcreteonlywhereitisneeded.”Theeight-metre(26-foot)bridgecrossesawater-filledchanneltoconnecttworoads,anditwastestedforsafetytobearloadsofuptotwometrictonsincooperationwiththeBAMInfraConstructioncompany.Althoughdesignedforbikes,itcouldtakeupto40trucks,thedesignerssaid.“Wearelookingtothefuture,”saidtheheadofBAM,MarinusSchimmel.“3Dprintingmeantfewerrareresourceswereneededandtherewassignificantlylesswaste,”headded.TheNetherlandsisamongcountries,withtheUnitedStatesandChina,takingaleadinthecutting-edgetechnologyof3Dprinting,usingcomputersandroboticstoconstructobjectsandstructuresfromscratchwithoutusingmuchtraditionalmanpower.LastyearaDutcharchitectunveiled(揭示)aunique3Dprinterwithwhichhehopestoconstructan“endlessloop”building.AndaDutchstart-upcalledMX3Dhasbegunprintingastainless-steelbridge,ofwhichathirdisalreadycompleted.TheaimistofinishprintingbyMarchandlaythebridgeoveranAmsterdamcanalinthefuture.1.Accordingtothetext,whatmakesthebridgeunique?A.Itadopts3Dprinting. B.Itopensonlytocyclists.C.Itismadeofnewmaterial. D.Itusesmuchlessconcrete.2.AccordingtoMarinusSchimmel,thebridge___________.A.failstobearheavyloadsmoresafely B.needsnoconcreteandmouldC.isdesignedforbikesandtrucks D.iscost-efficientandeco-friendly3.Accordingtothelastparagraph,whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?A.The3D-printedbridgesarealldesignedforbikes.B.3D-printedconstructionsavesmuchhumanlabor.C.UnitedStatesandChinadevelopslowlyin3Dprinting.D.Thestainless-steelbridgebyMX3Dhasbeenputintouse.4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.TheValueofthe3DPrintingTechnologyB.TheNetherlandsLeadstheWayin3DPrintingC.World’sFirst3D-printedBridgeOpenstoCyclistsD.3DPrintingisWidelyUsedinBuildingBridges

答案以及解析1.答案：(1)-(3)CDA解析：(1).考查代词指代。依据文章第一段中的"Thetrafficsignals...By9:33am,aburstof...Lesstrafficat9:37am...changes"可以推知,that指代第一段中的多变的交通信号灯时间,故选C项。

(2).考查细微环节理解。依据文章第四段中的"othersaresojammedthatonly...It'snotgoingtofixeverything,butadaptivesignalshavesomebenefitsforsmallercities"可知,KevinBalke认为可调整式的交通信号灯对小城市的交通改善是有用的,但对交通极度拥堵的城市而言,作用并不是特别大,故选D项。

(3).考查推理推断。依据文章最终一段中的"theswitchtoadaptivesignalshasbeenalessoninthevalueofwelcomingnewapproaches"可推知,从Bellevue装可调整式交通信号灯一事上不难发觉,它的胜利在于主动尝试新事物,故选A项。2.答案：(1)-(5)ADDCB解析：(1).考查细微环节理解。依据其次段中的"Itproducesadeafeningsoundsopainfulthatittemporarilydisablesaperson"可知,远程定向声波放射器会发出一种响彻云霄的声音,这种声音让人特别苦痛,会使人短暂残疾。由此可知,这种短暂残疾就是短暂性失聪,所以选择A项。

(2).考查细微环节理解。依据第三段中的"Well,itfunctionsbyanalyzingthewavesoftheincomingsoundandcreatingasecondsetofoutgoingwaves...andyourpeaceandquietcomesback"可知,SilenceMachine能避开不必要的声音影响你,所以选择D项。

(3).考查细微环节理解。依据第四段中的"Aspotlightlightsuponlyonesectionofastage;similarly,a'spotsound'createsacircleofsoundinonetargetedarea"可知,spotsound和spotlight的共同点是它们可以被引导到一个特定的区域,所以选择D项。

(4).考查细微环节理解。依据第四段中的"Thiscanbeusefulforbusinesses...Restaurantscanofferachoiceofmusicalongwiththevariousfoodchoicesonthemenu,allowingcustomersmorecontrolovertheatmosphereinwhichtheyaredining"可知,Directedsound可以用于公司为顾客供应不同的音乐,所以选择C项。

(5).考查主旨大意。作者在第一段中抛出话题"声音技术",并在其次、三、四段中介绍了声音技术领域的三个产品。由此可知,文章主要关注的是声音技术领域的独创,所以选择B项。3.答案：CDC解析：(1).考查推理推断。依据其次段中的"thephoneboxesrepresentativeofanagearenowmakingsomethingofacomeback"和最终一段中的"Inglissaidphoneboxescalledtomindanagewhenthingswerebuilttolast"可以推断,公共电话亭回来的缘由是它们可以使人们想起某一历史时期,故C项正确。

(2).考查细微环节理解。依据第三段最终一句中的"thephoneboxesbegandisappearinginthe1980s,withtheriseofthemobilephonesendingmostofthemawaytothejunkyards"可知,公共电话亭在上个世纪八十年头退出历史舞台的缘由是移动电话的兴起,故D项正确。

(3).考查推理推断。依据第五段中的"laterotherbusinessmen,gottowork,repurposedphoneboxesbeganreappearingincitiesandvillagesaspeoplefoundnewusesforthem"、第六段中的"thephoneboxeshavetakenonalifesavingrole"以及第七段中的"openedaminiworkshopinaLondonphoneboxin2024"可以推断,公共电话亭受到大家欢迎的主要缘由在于其变更了的作用和功能,故C项正确。4.答案：1.D;2.C;3.B;4.C

解析：1.细微环节理解题。依据第一段最终一句话“Itwillhelpu