2024-2025学年新教材高中英语Unit3DiverseCultures单元加餐练习题含解析新人教版必修第三册

Unit3DiverseCultures单元加餐练Ⅰ.阅读理解IntheageofAmazonandtheInternet,theideaofgoingtoapubliclibrarytoborrowabookmayseemevermoreunusualandold­fashionedinmanypartsoftheworld,butonecountry,atleast,isholdingonittightly:theCzechRepublic.Therearelibrarieseverywhereyoulookinthecountry.Thereisonelibraryforevery1,971Czechcitizens—fourtimesasmany,relativetopopulation,astheaverageEuropeancountry,and10timesasmanyastheUnitedStates,whichhasoneforevery19,583people.WhysomanyCzechlibraries?Well,fordecadestheyweremandatory—everycommunity,fromabigcitydowntoatinyvillage,wasrequiredbylawtohaveone.Thelawwasenactedin1919,soonafterCzechoslovakiaemergedasanindependentcountry.ThelibrarylawsurvivedtheGermanoccupationandthebreakupwithSlovakiaintheearly1990s.Whatitcouldn'tsurvivewasbudgetpressure.Tosavemoney,therequirementwasdroppedin2001,whentherewereabout6,019librariesinthecountry；sincethen,about11percenthavebeencombinedorclosed.Now,thesurvivingCzechlibrariesaredoingwhattheycantostayvibrant(生气勃勃的)andrelevant.Theyserveaslocalmeetingplaces,Theyorganizereadingclubsandartexhibitsandoffercomputerliteracy(读写)courses,andtheywelcomegroupsofschoolchildrenandretireesduringtheday.Butmostly,theydowhat92percentofCzechsstillwantthemtogoondoing:Theylendbooks.这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了捷克数量惊人的图书馆以及拥有如此多图书馆背后的缘由，和后来由于资金短缺，大约11%的图书馆被合并或关闭。现在的捷克人最常去图书馆借书。1．Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A．TheriseandfallofCzechlibraries.B．ThedifficultiesCzechlibrariesface.C．ThetransformationoflibraryservicesinCzech.D．TheamazingnumberofCzechlibraries.答案：D解析：段落大意题。依据第一段最终一句Thereisonelibraryforevery1,971Czechcitizens—fourtimesasmany,relativetopopulation,astheaverageEuropeancountry,and10timesasmanyastheUnitedStates,whichhasoneforevery19,583people.(每1971名捷克公民就拥有一座图书馆，是欧洲平均水平的4倍，是美国的10倍。美国每19583人拥有一座图书馆。)可知第一段主要介绍捷克数量惊人的图书馆。故选D。2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mandatory”inParagraph2mean?A．Essential. B．Available.C．Compulsory. D．Particular.答案：C解析：词义揣测题。依据下文everycommunity,fromabigcitydowntoatinyvillage,wasrequiredbylawtohaveone.(法律要求每个社区，从大城市到小村庄，都必需有一个。)可知捷克图书馆是法律强制要求的，是强制性的，故画线部分单词意思为“强制的”。A.Essential.基本的；B.Available.可获得的；Cpulsory强制的；D.Particular.特殊的；故选C。3．What'sthereasonforCzechlibrariescombinationorclose?A．Themoneyshortage. B．TheGermanoccupation.C．Thegovernment'spolicy. D．ThebreakupwithSlovakia.答案：A解析：细微环节理解题。依据其次段最终一句Tosavemoney,therequirementwasdroppedin2001,whentherewereabout6,019librariesinthecountry；sincethen,about11percenthavebeencombinedorclosed.可知为了省钱，要求在2001年被降了下来，当时这个国家大约有6019座图书馆；从那时起，大约11%被合并或关闭。即捷克图书馆合并或关闭的缘由是资金短缺。故选A。4．Accordingtothetext,peoplegototoday'sCzechlibrariesmostoftento________.A．admireworksofart B．borrowbooksC．joinreadingclubs D．learncomputerskills答案：B解析：推理推断题。依据最终一段最终一句Butmostly,theydowhat92percentofCzechsstillwantthemtogoondoing:Theylendbooks.可知，大部分图书馆照旧向外借书，因此推断现在的捷克人去图书馆许多的时候是借书。故选B。Ⅱ.七选五Parentsoftensaythattheydon'tmindwhattheirchildrendoinlifejustaslongastheyarehappy.Happinessandpleasurearealmostuniversallyseenasamongthemostprecioushumangoods.__1__PhilosopherJeremyBenthambelievedthatallsourcesofpleasureareofequalquality,butJohnStuartMilldisagreed.Millarguedforadifferencebetweenhigherandlowerpleasure.__2__Lowerpleasure,incontrast,requiresmere(仅仅的；纯粹的)senses.Theentiredebateassumesacleardividebetweenthephysicalandthemental.__3__Whatwillitmeanforourideasaboutpleasure?__4__Foodisusuallyconsideredtobethelowerpleasure.Allanimalseat,usingthesensesofsmellandtaste.Itdoesn'trequireanycomplexcognition(认知)toconcludethatsomethingisdelicious.However,thesepeoplefailedtoappreciatesomethingthattheFrenchfoodwriterJeanAnthelmeBrillat­Savarincaptured.Thatis,“Animalsfeed;maneats;onlythemanofintellect(才智)knowshowtoeat.”Eatingshowsthatthedifferencebetweenhigherpleasureandlowerpleasureisnotwhatyouenjoybuthowyouenjoyit.__5__Preparingitusingthepowersofreflectionandattentionturnsitintoahigherpleasure.A．Thediningtableisagoodplacetostart.B．Wolfingdownyourfoodisalowerkindofpleasure.C．What'stherealdifferencebetweenhighandlowpleasure?D．Whathappensifthephysicalandthementalcannotbeseparated?E．Allphilosophersbelievedthatcookerycouldneverbeaformofart.F．Higherpleasuredependsonhumanabilitiessuchasself­awarenessorlanguageuse.G．However,disagreementswillbecausedaboutwhethersomeformsofpleasurearebetterthanothers.这是一篇说明文。华蜜和欢乐几乎被普遍认为是人类最珍贵的财宝之一。然而，关于某些形式的欢乐是否比其他形式的好，会产生分歧。1．G解析：依据其次段第一句PhilosopherJeremyBenthambelievedthatallsourcesofpleasureareofequalquality,butJohnStuartMilldisagreed.可知JeremyBentham认为全部欢乐的来源都是同等的，但是JohnStuartMill不同意。可知关于某些形式的欢乐是否比其他形式的好，存在分歧。故选G。2．F解析：依据上文Millarguedforadifferencebetweenhigherandlowerpleasure.(密尔认为欢乐的凹凸是有区分的。)下文提到了lowerpleasure，即可知本句应是说明白higherpleasure。故选F：更高的欢乐取决于人类的实力，如自我意识或语言运用。3．D解析：依据上文Theentiredebateassumesacleardividebetweenthephysicalandthemental.(整个辩论在生理和心理上有明显的分歧。)中physicalandthemental可对应到D选项中thephysicalandthemental，句意：假如身体和精神不能分开会发生什么？故选D。4．A解析：依据下文Foodisusuallyconsideredtobethelowerpleasure.可知提到了food，故可对应到A选项中的diningtable。句意：餐桌就是一个分歧很明显的地方。故选A。5．B解析：依据后文Preparingitusingthepowersofreflectionandattentionturnsitintoahigherpleasure.(用反思和专注的力气来打算它，会把它变成一种更高的乐趣。)可知上文应当描述低级趣味。B项，狼吞虎咽是一种低级趣味。故选B。Ⅲ.完形填空HunterShamattlosthiswalletwhilehewasonaflightfromOmahatoDenverearlierthismonth.Uponrealizingthathiswalletwaslost,he__1__theairlinetoseeifanyonehadturneditin—butfruitlessly.__2__thewalletcontainedhisID,asignedpaycheck,$60incash,etc,hefearedtheworst.Twodaysaftertheflight,however,Hunterwas__3__toreceiveapackageinthemailfromananonymous(匿名的)sender.Insidewashiswallet—__4__anadditional$40incash.“Iroundedyourcashuptoaneven$100soyoucouldcelebratethe__5__ofyourwallet.”，readaletterthatwasenclosedwiththepackage.Hunter'smother,Jeannie,postedaphotoofthe__6__tosocialmediainhopesthattheywouldbeabletotrackdownthesender.Alltheyhadtogoonwasthattheletterwas__7__fromAppliedUnderwritersinOmahaandthesender'sinitialsweresigned“T.B”.Thesenderwaslater__8__asToddBrown,whowasdelightedto“havealittlefun”withhelpingoutahard­workingstranger.“Isawhewasjustakid,20yearsold.Hehadapaycheckinthere,soI__9__，‘Well,he'sdoinghisbesttomakeendsmeet.’”saidBrown.“Hunterwasvery__10__.Hetoldmehehassomestudentloanstopaywithintwodayssothe__11__wasright，”Brownadded,“He__12__itwasgoneforever.Sowhenheopenedit,hejuststartedscreaming,‘Noway!Noway！’”Brownsaysthatheoftentriestodogoodthingswithoutanyrecognition;that'swhyhedidn'tsignhis__13__ontheletter,butJeannielaterinsistedon__14__himonsocialmedia.JeanniewroteonFacebook,“Thisstoryismoreaboutrebuilding__15__inpeoplethananything.”这是一篇记叙文，主要讲是Hunter在机场丢了钱包，后意外收到匿名人士寄来的包袱，里面是他的钱包，还有40美元。后来通过网络找到了寄件人，这个故事让作者重建对人性的信念。1．A.ordered B．contactedC．caught D．checked答案：B解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他意识到他的钱包丢了时，他联系了航空公司，想看看是否有人把钱包交上去了——但是没有结果。A.ordered预定；B.contacted联系；C.caught抓住；D.checked检查。依据常识可知，他丢了钱包之后第一时间去联系航空公司，故选B项。2．A.Though B．WhileC．Since D．Unless答案：C解析：考查状语从句连词辨析。句意：HunterShamatt的钱包里有他的身份证、一张签了名的支票、60美元的现金等，他担忧会发生最坏的状况。A.Though尽管；B.While当；C.Since因为；D.Unless除非。依据语境可知，此处两句是因果关系，故选C项。3．A.shocked B．amusedC．anxious D．frightened答案：A解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，当亨特收到一个匿名寄件人寄来的包袱时，他感到很震惊。A.shocked震惊的；B.amused开心的；C.anxious焦虑的；D.frightened吓坏的。依据语境可知，收到了一个匿名寄件人的包袱，亨特是特别震惊的，故选A项。4．A.apartfrom B．exceptforC．alongwith D．insteadof答案：C解析：考查词组辨析。句意：里面是他的钱包，另外还有40美元现金。A.apartfrom除了；B.exceptfor除了；C.alongwith和……一起；D.insteadof代替。结合语境和下文可知，包袱中有亨特的钱包，另外还有40美金，故选C项。5．A.search B．completenessC．valuable D．return答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我把你的现金四舍五入到100美元，这样你就可以庆祝你的钱包回来了。A.search搜寻；Bpleteness完全；C.valuable珍贵物品；D.return返回。结合语境可知，此处意为“钱包的返还”，故选D项。6．A.sender B．letterC．wallet D．package答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：亨特的母亲珍妮把这封信的照片发到社交媒体上，希望他们能找到寄件人。A.sender寄件人；B.letter信件；C.wallet钱包；D.package包袱。依据句意，故选B项。7．A.accepted B．sentC．taken D．collected答案：B解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：这封信是由奥马哈的应用保险公司发出的，发信人的首字母缩写是“T.B.”。A.accepted接受；B.sent发送；C.taken带着；D.collected收集。依据语境和下文可知，故选B项。8．A.known B．consideredC．identified D．introduced答案：C解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：发送者后来被确认为是ToddBrown，他很兴奋能“有一点搞笑地”帮助一位努力工作的生疏人。A.known相识；B.considered考虑；C.identified分辨；D.introduced介绍。依据句意可知，beidentifiedas意为“被认为是……”，故选C项。9．A.noticed B．repliedC．doubted D．figured答案：D解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我看到他只是个孩子，20岁。他在那里有份薪水，所以我想‘好吧，他在尽自己最大努力使得收支平衡。’”布朗说。A.noticed留意到；B.replied回复；C.doubted怀疑；D.figured认为。依据语境可知，“Well,he'sdoinghisbesttomakeendsmeet.”是Brown内心的考虑，故选D项。10．A.thankful B．stressfulC．thoughtful D．regretful答案：A解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：亨特特别感谢。A.thankful感谢的；B.stressful有压力的；C.thoughtful深思的；D.regretful缺憾的。依据语境可知，因为年轻人的善举，亨特确定是很感谢的，故选A项。11．A.behavior B．numberC．timing D．paycheck答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他告知我，他有一些学生贷款要在两天内还清，所以时机是对的。A.behavior行为；B.number号码；C.timing时机；D.paycheck薪水。依据句意，故选C项。12．A.remembered B．assumedC．admitted D．imagined答案：B解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：他以为它恒久消逝了。A.remembered记住；B.assumed认为；C.admitted承认；D.imagined想象。依据句意，故选B项。13．A.address B．markC．phonenumber D．fullname答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：布朗说，他常常试图做一些不须要任何赞美的好事；所以他没有在信上写全名。A.address地址；B.mark标记；C.phonenumber电话号码；D.fullname全名。依据前文可知Brown并没有写自己的全名在包袱上，故选D项。14．A.questioning B．praisingC．disturbing D．surprising答案：B解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：但珍妮后来坚持在社交媒体上赞扬他。A.questioning提问；B.praising表扬；C.disturbing打搅；D.surprising惊异。故选B项。15．A.faith B．ambitionC．appreciation D．strength答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个故事最重要的是重建了人们的信念。A.faith信念；B.ambition雄心；C.appreciation观赏；D.strength力气。依据语境可知，这个故事最重要的是重建了人们的信念，故选A项。Ⅳ.概要写作阅读下面短文，依据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。RecentlyItoldmy7­year­oldgrandsonthatIwouldn'tgettoseehimforaweekbecauseIwasgoingawayonbusiness.HeknowsIoftentravel,butthe“business”partcaughthisattention.“Can'tyouwriteyourarticlesatyourhouse？”heasked.HeknowsIwritesomearticleseachweek.“I'mnotwritingonthistrip，”Isaid.“I'mspeaking;it'spartofmyjob.”Formanyyears,mychildrenknewmeassimplytheirmother.Inkindergarten(幼儿园),whenaskedtotellhisclassabouthisfamily,myoldestchildsaid,“My