专题16阅读理解考点3说明文-2022年中考英语真题分项汇编

专题16阅读理解考点3说明文（一）（2022·湖南益阳·中考真题）Doyouknowhowtocook,cleanorgrowplants?Ifnot,youwillsoon.Thesewillbepartoflabor（劳动）educationstartingthisautumn.Anewstandardforlaboreducationrecentlycameout.Studentsinprimaryandmiddleschoolwillhaveatleastonelaboreducationclassaweek.Theywilltryandexperiencedifferentkindsoflaborandlearndifferentlifeskillsandevenjobskills.Thestandardincludesdifferenttasksforeachgrade.Forexample,studentsinGrade5andGrade6willlearntocooktwoorthreemondishes,likefriedeggsoreggsoupwithtomatoes.LaboreducationcanenrichChinesestudents’life.Chineseschooleducationdidn’tpayenoughattentiontothisinthepast.Accordingtoa2019report,Chinesekidsonlydo12minutesofpracticalactivityeachday.Thenewstandardalsocallsonfamiliestotakepartinstudents’laboreducation.Theywillmakehouseworkliststohelpstudentsbemoreindependent.Besideshouseworkskills,studentswillhaveachancetotrynewtechnologieslike3Dprinting.Theywillalsolearntomaketraditionalhandicrafts（手工艺品）.1．Accordingtothepassage,whenwilllaboreducationstart?A．Thisautumn. B．Nextyear. C．Twoyearslater.2．XiaoHuawillbeinGrade6nextterm,shewill________.A．learnonlyonelifeskillB．learntocooktwoorthreemondishesC．haveatleasttwolaboreducationclassesaweek3．LaboreducationinChinacan________.A．enrichstudents’lifeB．makeparentsdomorehouseworkC．makestudentshavelessschoolwork4．Howwillfamilieshelpstudentsbemoreindependent?A．Bymakinghouseworklists.B．Bydoinghomeworkforthestudents.C．Byaskingstudentstodoeverythingathome.5．Inlaboreducationclass,whatwillstudentsNOTlearntodo?A．Try3Dprinting. B．Maketraditionalhandicrafts. C．Sellthingsonline.【答案】1．A2．B3．A4．A5．C【解析】【导语】本文主要介绍了今年秋天开始，劳动教育将成为中国教育的一部分，并列举了中小学生需要掌握的技能。1．细节理解题。根据“Thesewillbepartoflabor（劳动）educationstartingthisautumn.”（这些将是今年秋天开始的劳动教育的一部分。）可知是在今年秋天，故选A。2．细节理解题。根据“studentsinGrade5andGrade6willlearntocooktwoorthreemondishes,”（五年级和六年级的学生将学习烹饪两到三道普通菜）可知六年级的学生将学习烹饪两到三道普通菜。故选B。3．细节理解题。根据“LaboreducationcanenrichChinesestudents’life.”（劳动教育可以丰富中国学生的生活。）可知劳动教育可以丰富中国学生的生活。故选A。4．细节理解题。根据“Theywillmakehouseworkliststohelpstudentsbemoreindependent.”（他们将列出家务清单，帮助学生更加独立。）可知是列出家务清单。故选A。5．细节理解题。根据“Besideshouseworkskills,studentswillhaveachancetotrynewtechnologieslike3Dprinting.Theywillalsolearntomaketraditionalhandicrafts（手工艺品）.”（除了家务技能外，学生们还有机会尝试3D打印等新技术。他们还将学习制作传统手工艺品）可知会学习3D打印，学习制作传统手工艺品。故选C。（二）（2022·湖南益阳·中考真题）InancientChina,willowbranches（柳枝）wereoftenusedasagifttofriendsandfamilymemberswhowouldleave.Doyouknowwhywillowbranchesareasymbolofsayinggoodbye?Onereasonisthatwillowtreesarestrong.Theycanliveinanysoil,wetordry,northorsouth.Becauseofthisspecialfeature,whensayinggoodbyetolovedones,givingawillowbranchisawaytotellthemyouhopetheywilleasilygetusedtotheirnewlivingenvironment.Anotherreasonisthat,inChinese,thepronunciationforthewillowtree“柳”issimilartothecharacter“留”.SogivingawillowbranchinancientChinawaslikeaskingtheotherstostay,eventhoughyouknowthattheymustleave.It’ssaidthatthiscustombecamepopularduringtheHanDynasty.Atthattime,Baqiao,abridgeinChang’an,today’sXi’an,wasamonplacetosaygoodbye.Peopleoftenstoppedthereandhandedwillowbranchestopeoplewhoweregoingtodepart.Willowbranches,asasymbolofsayinggoodbye,wereoftenmentionedinpoems,especiallyatthetimeoftheTangandSongdynasties.6．WhowerewillowbranchesoftenusedasagifttoinancientChina?A．One’sparentswhowouldstay.B．One’sfriendsandfamilymemberswhowouldleave.C．One’slovewhowouldebackafterbeingawayforalongtime.7．Accordingtothepassage,thewillowtreescanliveinanysoilbecausetheyare________.A．magic B．beautiful C．strong8．GivingawillowbranchinancientChinawaslike________.A．askingtheotherstostay B．askingtheothersforhelp C．wishingtheotherstoleave9．Theunderlinedword“depart”inParagraph4probablymeans“________”inChinese.A．返回 B．离开 C．相遇10．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．Akindofstrongtree—WillowtreesB．Amonplacetosaygoodbye—BaqiaoC．Asymbolofsayinggoodbye—Willowbranches【答案】6．B7．C8．A9．B10．C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了柳枝在古代的含义。6．细节理解题。根据“InancientChina,willowbranches（柳枝）wereoftenusedasagifttofriendsandfamilymemberswhowouldleave.”可知在中国古代，柳枝经常被用来作为礼物送给即将离开的朋友和家人。故选B。7．细节理解题。根据“Onereasonisthatwillowtreesarestrong.”可知一个原因是柳树很结实。故选C。8．细节理解题。根据“SogivingawillowbranchinancientChinawaslikeaskingtheotherstostay”可知在中国古代，送一根柳枝就像请别人留下一样。故选A。9．词义猜测题。根据“Peopleoftenstoppedthereandhandedwillowbranchestopeoplewhoweregoingtodepart.”可知人们经常在那里停下来，把柳枝递给即将离开的人。由此可知depart指的是“离开”。故选B。10．最佳标题题。根据“Doyouknowwhywillowbranchesareasymbolofsayinggoodbye?”可知文章主要介绍了柳枝表示再见的含义。故选C。（三）（2022·内蒙古通辽·中考真题）HometotheyearlyWorldInternetConference(WIC),Wuzhen,awatertowninEastChina’sZhejiangProvince,hasalwaysbeenconnectedwithtechnology.Wuzhen’sPeople’sParkwasbuiltinthe1950s.Butthistraditionalparkisnowacenterwiththelatesttechnologies.Poweredbytechnologiesincluding5G,AIandAR,23interactivedisplayshavebeensetupinthepark.AnAIassistantisplacedatthepark’sentrance.Fromtheweatherforecasttothepriceofmeatandvegetables,itprovidesdailylifeinformationforthelocalpeople.SquaredancingispopularinChina.Abigscreenhasbeenputupinthepark’ssquare,anddancerscanlearnroutines(路线)fromthescreenoruseitasamusicplayer.UsingAR,dancerscanseethemselvesthroughthespecialcamera,makingthescreena“mirror”.Therubbishcansherearesmart,too.Therubbishcanopensbyitselfwhenitsensessomethingmovingnear.Itthensortstherubbishandtellsyouwhichkinditfallsin.Thevirtual(虚拟的)zoointheparkisthechildren’sfavorite.Byusingthepark’sapptoscan(扫描)thearea,visitorscancheckoutvirtualanimalsbyARcameras.Theparkisnotjustacollectionoftechnologiesputtogetherfornoreason.Alltheservicesweredesignedaccordingtopeople’sactualneeds,whichshoweduswhat“technology+”couldbelikeinthefuture.11．WhatisWuzhenfamousforaccordingtothetext?A．AR. B．Awatertown. C．Technologies. D．ThePeople’sPark.12．WhatwillyoufirstseewhenyougotoWuzhen’sPeople’sPark?A．ARcameras. B．Abigscreen. C．Smartrubbishcans. D．AnAIassistant.13．Whatwilltherubbishcandowhensomethingmovesnear?①Itopens.②Itscanspeople.③Itsortstherubbish.④Ittellspeoplewhichcantodrop.⑤Itputstherubbishpeoplethrowintherightcanbyitself.A．①③⑤ B．①③④ C．②④⑤ D．②③④14．Whydochildrenlikethevirtualzoointhepark?A．Becausetheycanusethepark’sapp.B．BecausetheycanseetheanimalsonTV.C．Becausetheycanplaymobilephonesfreely.D．Becausetheycanseemanykindsofvirtualanimalsthere.15．Whatmayourfuturelifebelikeaccordingtothetext?A．Thetechnologieswillservepeoplebetter.B．Peoplecangoanywherebycarforfree.C．AlltheAIassistantswillbehereandthere.D．Allthepeoplemustlearntechnologies.【答案】11．C12．D13．B14．D15．A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些科学技术在乌镇的应用。11．细节理解题。根据“Wuzhen,awatertowninEastChina’sZhejiangProvince,hasalwaysbeenconnectedwithtechnology.”可知，乌镇一直与科技联系在一起，所以乌镇以科技闻名。故选C。12．细节理解题。根据“AnAIassistantisplacedatthepark’sentrance.”可知，人们去乌镇人民公园时最先映入眼帘的是一个人工智能助手。故选D。13．细节理解题。根据“Therubbishcanopensbyitselfwhenitsensessomethingmovingnear.Itthensortstherubbishandtellsyouwhichkinditfallsin.”可知，当垃圾桶感觉到附近有东西移动时，它就会自动打开。然后它会把垃圾分类，告诉人们垃圾属于哪一类，应该扔到哪种垃圾箱。故选B。14．细节理解题。根据“Byusingthepark’sapptoscanthearea,visitorscancheckoutvirtualanimalsbyARcameras.”可知，孩子们可以通过AR摄像头观看各种虚拟动物，所以孩子们喜欢虚拟动物园。故选D。15．推理判断题。根据“Alltheservicesweredesignedaccordingtopeople’sactualneeds”可知，所有的服务都是根据人们的实际需求设计的，推知科技会更好的服务人们。故选A。（四）（2022·湖南株洲·中考真题）Japanrecentlyshowedtheworld’sfirstDualModeVehicle(DMV),aminibusliketrainwhichrunsbothonroads,likeabus,andonrails,likeatrain.Itlooksjustlikeabusbutitdefinitelymakesanimpressionintermsofpracticaluse.Itrunswithnormalrubbertires(轮胎)ontheroad.Butwhenitneedstobeethetrainmode,thefronttireswillbeliftedup,andthebackwheelsstaydowntopushthevehicle.Thechangefrombustotraintakesonlyabout15seconds.“TheDMVcanworkasabusandrunontotherailwayaswell,”ShigekiMiura,CEOofAsaCoastRailway,toldReuters.“Weexpectittohelpmanyoldpeopleinthecountryside.Wealsohopeitcanattracttouristswithitsmanybeautifulcolors.”Itcancarryupto21passengersandrunataspeedof60km/hintrainmode,andupto100km/hasabus.ShigekiMiuraalsotoldthenewsreporterconfidentlythatthespecialvehiclecouldhelpsmalltownslikeKaiyowithanagingandshrinking(减少的)population.Intheseplaces,itismoreandmoredifficultforconventional(传统的)transportationpaniestomakemoney.Inthenearfuture,manymoreDMVswillconnectseveraltowns,coveringpartofthecoastofShikokuislandandofferingpassengersprettyseasideviews.16．Accordingtothepassage,DMVis________.A．astrangebus B．anewcar C．aminibusliketrain17．WhatisthespeedofDMVasatrain?A．30km/h. B．60km/h. C．100km/h.18．WhatdoesShigekiMiurathinkofDMV?A．Itisusefulandhelpful. B．Itisbigandpopular. C．Itissafeandcheap.19．Inthenearfuture,manymoreDMVswill________.A．producesomerubbish B．helpoldpeopleinthecity C．connectseveraltowns20．Whatcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A．TravelinShikokuIslandB．ABeautifulSmallJapaneseTownC．TheWorld’sFirstDualModeVehicle【答案】16．C17．B18．A19．C20．C【解析】【导语】本文主要介绍了日本生产的世界上第一辆双模式车辆的特点和作用。16．细节理解题。根据“Japanrecentlyshowedtheworld’sfirstDualModeVehicle(DMV),aminibusliketrainwhichrunsbothonroads,likeabus,andonrails,likeatrain.”可知，DMV是一种类似于小型公共汽车的火车。故选C。17．细节理解题。根据“Itcancarryupto21passengersandrunataspeedof60km/hintrainmode,andupto100km/hasabus.”可知，DMV在列车模式下的速度是60公里/小时。故选B。18．细节理解题。根据“Weexpectittohelpmanyoldpeopleinthecountryside.”可知，ShigekiMiura认为DMV是有用的。故选A。19．细节理解题。根据“Inthenearfuture,manymoreDMVswillconnectseveraltowns,coveringpartofthecoastofShikokuislandandofferingpassengersprettyseasideviews.”可知，在不久的将来，更多的双模式车辆将连接几个城镇。故选C。20．标题归纳题。通读全文，根据“Japanrecentlyshowedtheworld’sfirstDualModeVehicle(DMV),aminibusliketrainwhichrunsbothonroads,likeabus,andonrails,likeatrain.”可知，本文主要介绍了日本生产的世界上第一辆双模式车辆。故选C。（五）（2022·湖南株洲·中考真题）TomatoesarethemostpopularcropamongAmericanhomegardeners.Thesmellofhomegrowntomatoeswillmakeyouthinkoflovelysummers.Anadvantageofgrowingyourowntomatoesisvariety（品种丰富）.Ifyouvisitagardencenter,youwillfindseeds（种子）andsmallstarterplantsforyellowtomatoes,purpletomatoes,hugetomatoes,andevenverysmalltomatoes.Therearekindsyousimplycan’tfindatalocalfoodstore.GardenwriterJessicaDamianolovestomatoes.Infact,shecreatedandhostedTheGreatLongIslandTomatopetitionwhileworkingforalocalnewspaperinNewYork.Thecelebrationsofpeoplewholovetomatoesor“tomatophiles”continuedfor13years.Onetomatothatwasenteredintothepetitionweighedmorethan2.3kilos.Damianoalsogottomeetandspeakwiththepetitivetomatogrowerswhoraisedthewinningfruits.Itdidnottakelongforhertonoticesomemonpracticesamongthem.First,startseedsearlyindoorsandthenplantthemintolargercontainersbeforemovingthemoutdoors.Plantthemdeeplyintothesoil,about30cmabovetheground.Thiswillproducestrongplants.Then,givethetomatoesplentyofwater,softsoil,heatandlight.Itisbesttogrowtomatoesinaplacethatreceivesatleastsixhoursofsunlighteachday.Remembertoremoveweeds（杂草）becausethiscanprotecttomatoesfromdiseasesandpests,givingtheplantsenoughnutrientstoproducefruit.Lastbutnotleast,tomatoesgrowbestinsoilwithapHlevelbetween6.0and6.8.IfthepHreadingislowerthan6.0,youcanaddabout2cupsoflimeintothesoilforeachplant.Makesuretomixitdeepintothesoil.Ifyouwanttogrowreallybigtomatoes,trythosetipsfromexpertgrowersandyoumayhaveabigharvest!21．Whatisanadvantageofhomegrowntomatoes?A．Look. B．Cost. C．Variety.22．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutJessicaDamiano?A．Shecreatedandhostedatomatopetition.B．Shegrewahugetomatoweighing2.3kilos.C．Shelikedeatingtomatoesverymuch.23．Theunderlinedword“containers”inParagraph4means“________”inChinese.A．集装箱 B．容器 C．货柜24．Tomatoescangrowbetterif________.A．theyareplantedindoors B．theyreceiveenoughsunlight C．theygrowwithweeds25．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Howtogrowtomatoesathome.B．Whypeopleliketomatoes.C．Whentoholdtomatopetitions.【答案】21．C22．A23．B24．B25．A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在家种植西红柿的优点，西红柿大赛的创办以及如何在家里种植西红柿。21．细节理解题。根据“Anadvantageofgrowingyourowntomatoesisvariety.”可知，自己种植西红柿的一个优点是品种丰富。故选C。22．细节理解题。根据“Infact,shecreatedandhostedTheGreatLongIslandTomatopetitionwhileworkingforalocalnewspaperinNewYork.”可知，她创办并主持了一场西红柿比赛。故选A。23．词句猜测题。根据“…plantthemintolargercontainersbeforemovingthemoutdoors.”可知，此处指把种子放入更大的容器内，“containers”意为“容器”。故选B。24．细节理解题。根据“Itisbesttogrowtomatoesinaplacethatreceivesatleastsixhoursofsunlighteachday.”可知，如果阳光充足，西红柿会长得更好。故选B。25．主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是最后一段“Ifyouwanttogrowreallybigtomatoes,trythosetipsfromexpertgrowersandyoumayhaveabigharvest!”可知，本文的主旨是如何在家种植西红柿。故选A。（六）（2022·湖南湘西·中考真题）IntheChinesehistory,writingtoolsplayanimportantrole.Amongthem,thewritingbrushisthefirstonethatshouldbepaidattentionto.ThebeginningofthewritingbrushinChinacandatebackto(追溯到)theNeolithicAge(新石器时代),whileitspopularitywasduringtheWarringStatesperiod(战国时期).ThistooliswidelyusedinChinesewritingandpainting.Nowadays,calligraphy(书法)classesaretaughttostudentsatschool.TeachersteachstudentshowtousethewritingbrushtoenjoyandspreadtraditionalChineseculture.Thesoftbrushcancreatestrongandpowerfullinesonpaper.Butthatonlyesthroughyearsofhardwork.Ifyouwanttobeanexcellentwritingartistandbehighlypraisedbyothers,youneedtokeeppracticingforalongtimeeveryday.FormanyChineseartists,thebrushismorethanawritingtool.“Itseemsinmyblood,whenIpickupthewritingbrush,suddenlymythoughts,ideasandevenstoriesbuildarelationshipwiththebrush,”saidLiuQinghe,afamousChineseartist.Withagoodwritingbrush,whenweputourideasintoit,wegiveitlife.26．Amongwritingtools,________isthefirstonethatshouldbepaidattentionto.A．paper B．ink C．thewritingbrush27．WhattimecanthewritingbrushinChinadatebackto?A．TheNeolithicAge. B．TheWarringStatesperiod. C．TheSpringandAutumnperiod.28．Whichofthefollowingcandescribethelinescreatedbythewritingbrush?A．Weakandcareful. B．Strongandpowerful. C．Straightandbeautiful.29．Whydotheteachersteachstudentshowtousethewritingbrush?A．Totellallstudentstousethewritingbrushoutofclass.B．ToenjoyandspreadtraditionalChineseculture.C．Tohelpstudentsgethighgradesinexaminations.30．Whatcanyoulearnfromthepassage?A．Ifyouwanttobeanexcellentwritingartist,youneedtokeeppracticing.B．Calligraphyclassesaren’ttaughttostudentsatschoolnow.C．ThewritingbrushisonlywidelyusedinChinesewriting.【答案】26．C27．A28．B29．B30．A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国传统文化中重要的一部分——毛笔。它历史悠久，属于文房四宝之一，至今仍深受人们的喜爱。26．细节理解题。根据“Amongthem,thewritingbrushisthefirstonethatshouldbepaidattentionto.”可知写字工具中毛笔是首先要被注意的。故选C。27．细节理解题。根据“ThebeginningofthewritingbrushinChinacandatebacktotheNeolithicAge,whileitspopularitywasduringtheWarringStatesperiod.”可知中国毛笔的起源可以追溯到新石器时代。故选A。28．细节理解题。根据“Thesoftbrushcancreatestrongandpowerfullinesonpaper.”可知毛笔勾勒出的线条可以是强有力的。故选B。29．细节理解题。根据“TeachersteachstudentshowtousethewritingbrushtoenjoyandspreadtraditionalChineseculture.”可知老师们教学生使用毛笔是为了欣赏和传播中国传统文化。故选B。30．细节理解题。根据“Butthatonlyesthroughyearsofhardwork.Ifyouwanttobeanexcellentwritingartistandbehighlypraisedbyothers,youneedtokeeppracticingforalongtimeeveryday.”可知如果你想成为一名优秀的写作艺术家，你需要不断练习。故选A。（七）（2022·辽宁大连·中考真题）①Otters(水猴)arecutewateranimals.Recently,therehasbeenatrend(趋势)ofkeepingthemaspets.InJapan,some“ottercafes”areopenforbusiness.Peoplecanpaytoplaywiththeottersthereandtotakephotoswiththem.InIndonesia,peoplegoswimmingwiththeirpetottersandtake“funny”videos.Thesephotosandvideospostedonlinehaveattractedmorepeopletobuyottersaspets.②However,thesephotosandvideosmaskthefactthattheonlinetradeisdoingharmtootters.Inthewild,babyottersusuallystaywiththeirmothersduringtheirfirstyearoflife.Accordingtoareport,70percentofotterssoldonlineareunderayearold.Thesebabyottershavebeenstolenfromtheirmothers.Whenthey’rekeptaspetsbyhumans,theydonotlivefull,naturallives.③Ottersareverysocial(群居的).Theyliveinfamilygroupsofuptofifteeninthewild.Keepinganotterasapetcanmakeitverysadandlonely.Theseanimalsalsoneedenoughspacetoswim.Theirowners’bathtubs(浴缸)orpoolsaremuchsmallerthanthebodiesofwaterinthewild.④Ontheotherhand,itisnotwisetokeepottersaspetsathome.Theyhaveaveryspecialfishysmell.Ifthey’rekeptindoors,theywillleavealotofdroppingsaroundthehouse.Thiswouldmakethesmellevenmoreunpleasant.Besides,whenottersareupset,theywillmakeloudnoisesandevenattack(攻击)people.Ifapersonisbittenbyanotter,heorsheneedstogotothehospitalimmediately.⑤So,whatcanwedotostoptheotterpettrade?Well,oneofthemainwaysistoletmorepeopleknowthatottersshouldnotbekeptaspets.Weshouldalsokeepaneyeononlinepostsabouttheseanimals.Whenphotosandvideosshowbabyottersbeingkeptorsoldaspets,don’tsharethem.31．Peopleliketokeepottersaspetsbecausetheyare________.A．lonely B．cute C．friendly D．quiet32．Theunderlinedword“mask”hastheclosestmeaningto________.A．show B．protect C．hide D．change33．Becauseoftheonlinepettrade,otters________.A．mayoftenfallill B．can’tliveasociallife C．havenofoodtoeat D．havenoplacetoswim34．WhatdoesParagraph④mainlytellus?A．Ottersdon’tmakegoodpets. B．Ottersaredangeroustopeople.C．Ottersmayliveahardlifeaspets. D．Ottersoftenmakeamessintheroom.35．Whatisthewriter’smainpurposeinwritingthispassage?A．Tostoppeoplefromkeepingpetsathome.B．Tointroducethewaysofprotectingpetotters.C．Toshowthefactsoftheonlineotterpettrade.D．Totellpeopletosaynototheotterpettrade.【答案】31．B32．C33．B34．A35．D【解析】【导语】本文主要介绍了可爱的水动物——水猴的生活习性，同时呼吁人们停止水猴宠物交易。31．细节理解题。根据“Ottersarecutewateranimals.Recently,therehasbeenatrendofkeepingthemaspets.”可知人们喜欢养水猴当宠物，因为它们很可爱，故选B。32．词义猜测题。根据“thefactthattheonlinetradeisdoingharmtootters.”可推知照片和视频掩盖了对水猴造成伤害这个事实，所以mask应该是“隐藏，隐瞒”。故选C。33．细节理解题。根据“Ottersareverysocial.Theyliveinfamilygroupsofuptofifteeninthewild.Keepingano1terasapetcanmakeitverysadandlonely.”可知因为网上宠物交易，水猴无法过群居生活，故选B。34．段落大意题。根据“Ontheotherhand,itisnotwisetokeepottersaspetsathome.Theyhaveaveryspecialfishysmell....Besides,whenottersareupset,theywillmakeloudnoisesandevenattackpeople.Ifapersonisbittenbyanotter,heorsheneedstogotothehospitalimmediately.”（另一方面，把水猴当作宠物养在家里是不明智的。它们有一种特别的鱼腥味……此外，当水猴不高兴时，它们会发出很大的噪音，甚至攻击人。如果一个人被水猴咬伤，他或她需要立即去医院。）可知第④段主要讲水猴不是好宠物。故选A。35．推理判断题。根据“So,whatcanwedotostoptheotterpettrade?Well,oneofthemainwaysistoletmorepeopleknowthatottersshouldnotbekeptaspets.”（那么，我们能做些什么来阻止水猴宠物贸易呢？嗯，一个主要的方法是让更多的人知道水猴不应该被当作宠物饲养。）可推知这篇文章主要目的是呼吁人们停止水猴宠物交易，故选D。（八）（2022·辽宁沈阳·中考真题）Wouldyoutryfoodmadeofrubbish?WhenworldleadersgottogetherattheUNforameetingonclimate(气候)change,theyhadaspeciallunch.Thefoodwasmadefromsomethingthatmostofuswouldthrowaway.Therewasasaladmadeofvegetablescraps(剩菜叶).Theleadersalsohadhamburgersmadeoffruitleftoverfromjuicing.TheUNsaidthisremindedpeopleaboutfoodwasteandthebadinfluenceithasonclimatechange.“Foodwasteisnotoftennoticedinclimatechange,andthatisshamefulwhensomanypeopleareinhunger.”saidagovernmentsecretary.Mostpeopledon’tevenrealizehowmuchfoodtheythrowawayeveryday.Sometimestheycooktoomuchortheydon’tuseitintime.Everyyearmorethanonethirdofallfoodproducedworldwidegoestowaste,accordingtotheUN.Stopthewaste,andthewholeworldcouldsave$300billionfromwastedfood.Moreimportantly,itcouldalsodolessharmtotheenvironment.Thinkaboutabagofcheese(奶酪).Beforewebuyitatthestore,peoplehavetoraisethecows,dealwiththemilk,anddrivetotheshoptosellthecheese.Ifyouthrowthecheeseaway,youhavewastedenergy,fuel(燃料)andwater,whichgiveoutgreenhousegasesthataddtoglobalwarming.TheUNsaidifwestopthrowinggoodfoodaway,wecouldcutdownupto17milliontonsofCO₂.Thegoodofthatwouldbethesameastakingoneineveryfourcarsofftheroad.36．Whydidthewriterthinkthelunchwasspecial?A．Becausethevegetablesweremadeintojuice.B．Becausetheleadershadasaladandhamburgers.C．Becausefoodwascookedfromsomethingthrownaway.D．Becausethelunchwaspreparedwithdifferentfreshfruits.37．Whatdoesfoodwasteinfluenceatlast?A．Fuel. B．Cars. C．Cows. D．Climate.38．Whatcanyouinfer(推断)fromthetext?A．Evensmallactionscanhelpmakeourworldbetter.B．Weshouldbuyabagofcheesefromthesupermarket.C．Mostpeoplehavealreadypaidattentiontofoodwaste.D．Savingfoodismoreimportantthandrivingcarslessoften.39．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?A．Cheese—Healthyforpeople B．Ameeting—TraditionalattheUNC．Foodwaste—Badfortheenvironment D．Greenhousegases—DangeroustotheEarth【答案】36．C37．D38．A39．C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍目前的食物浪费现象，呼吁我们节约粮食。36．细节理解题。根据“Thefoodwasmadefromsomethingthatmostofuswouldthrowaway.”可知，这些食物是由我们大多数人会扔掉的东西制成的。故选C。37．细节理解题。根据“Ifyouthrowthecheeseaway,youhavewastedenergy,fuelandwater,whichgiveoutgreenhousegasesthataddtoglobalwarming.”可知，如果你把奶酪扔掉，你就浪费了能源、燃料和水，释放出加剧全球变暖的温室气体。所以食物浪费最后会影响气候。故选D。38．推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，生活中我们煮的食物过多就会导致浪费，如果我们不浪费，除了减少食物浪费外，还可以减少对环境的伤害。由此推知，即使是像不要煮过多食物这样小的行为，也能让我们的世界变得更美好。故选A。39．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍目前的食物浪费现象，呼吁我们节约粮食。“食物浪费——对环境有害”符合主题。故选C。（九）（2022·山东日照·中考真题）Whenyoudosomerunning,youhavealotofenergywhichesfromthemovementofyourbody.Whenyousuddenlystop,yourbodylosesthisenergy.Wealreadyhavewatchesandsmallmedicaldevises(设备)whichcanuseenergythatwemakewhenwemove.Inthefuture,peoplelikepoliceofficersandsoldiersmayweardevicesontheirlegsto“catch”thislostenergyandkeepitinbatteries(电池).Theycouldusethepowerforputers,radiosorotherdevices.InDecember2008,mostpeoplewalkingacrossHachikoSquare,Tokyo,probablydidnotnoticefouryellowsquaresontheroadastheyhurriedtowork.Thesquaresweremadeofspecialmaterialsthatmakeelectricitywhentheychangeshape.Whenpeoplestoodonthesquares,theshapeofthematerialschangedandtheyproducedelectricity.Thesquareswereonlytherefortwentydays,butinthattimetheyproducedenoughpowertomakeaTVwork1,400hours!ImagineputtingthesesquaresunderallthestreetsinTokyo.Oneday,wemayturnourstreetsintopowerstations!Wecanalsousebodyheat.Everyday,250,000peopleuseStockholm’sCentralStation.Theyeatanddrink,carryheavybags,andruntocatchtrains—andtheirbodiesproducealotofheatwhentheydothesethings.Insidethestation,theheatistakenfromtheairandusedtoheatwaterforanearbybuilding.Itisagreatwaytogetfreeenergy—allyouneedisalotofpeople.40．Whatprovidesenergyforthewatchesandsmallmedicaldevices?A．Electricityinbatteries. B．Bodymovement.C．Powerstations. D．Bodytemperature.41．Thematerialsinthefoursquaresproduceelectricitybychangingthe_________.A．shape B．color C．weight D．direction42．WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A．Thehightemperature. B．Thehotwaterservice.C．Theuseofbodyheat. D．Thecrowdedstation.43．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Peoplepowerismadegooduseofnow.B．It’seasytoturnstreetsintopowerstations.C．Theuseofpeoplepowerhasabrightfuture.D．Thewriterdoubtstheuseofpeoplepower.【答案】40．B41．A42．C43．C【解析】【导语】本文主要介绍了得到免费能源的几种方式。40．细节理解题。根据“Whenyoudosomerunning,youhavealotofenergywhichesfromthemovementofyourbody”及“Wealreadyhavewatchesandsmallmedicaldevises(设备)whichcanuseenergythatwemakewhenwemove”可知，身体移动时获得的能量给它们提供能量，故选B。41．细节理解题。根据“Thesquaresweremadeofspecialmaterialsthatmakeelectricitywhentheychangeshape”可知，改变形状时产生电，故选A。42．主旨大意题。根据“Wecanalsousebodyheat”可知，本段主要介绍了身体热量的用处，故选C。43．推理判断题。根据“Itisagreatwaytogetfreeenergy—allyouneedisalotofpeople.”可知，作者认为这是免费获取能量的好方法，只需要许多人就可以做到，由此可推断作者对于人体能量使用的发展抱有很大希望，故选C。（十）（2022·山东日照·中考真题）Afterwork,yougobackhome,openanapp,placeyourorder,andwaitforyourfoodtobedelivered(投递)yourhome.ThisishowmanyyoungpeopleeatinChinathesedays.AccordingtothelatestreportfromtheChinaInternetNetworkInformationCenter.421millionChinesepeopleuseonlinefooddeliveryservices.That’sjusthalfofthetotalnumberofInternetusersinChina.Whichgroupofpeopleisorderingfoodonlinethemost?Forsure,itismainlyyoungpeople.ArecentreportbyMeituan,afooddeliveryservice,showedthat86.3%oftheservice’susersarebetween20and34yearsold.Thesepeoplearethemainforcedrivingthedevelopmentofthefooddeliveryindustry.Smallfamiliesdependlargelyonfooddeliveryservices,Chinesefamilieshavechangedinsizeoverthepasttenyears.In2002,only7.7%offamilieshaveonlyoneperson.Butthisnumberincreasedto15.6%in2017.Twopersonfamiliesrosefrom18.4%in2002to27.2%in2017.Forsmallfamilies,cookingalwaystakesalotoftimeandenergy,soorderingfoodonlinehasbeemorepopular.TheimprovementofChina’sfooddeliveryserviceshasalsomademorecu