Computer-Grammar现在完成时的被动语态

Unit3ComputersByJulie2012.10.13WelcometotheageofIT!GrammarThePresentPerfectPassiveVoice现在完成时的被动语态Grammar1)现在完成时(have/has+过去分词)现在完成时的动作或情况虽然发生在过去，但它强调的是与现在的关系，用来说明现在的情况。

现在完成时常与

already,always,often,ever,never,yet,not...yet,just等不表示明确的时间副词连用,还可以和表示时间一直延续到目前的带since,for

的状语及包括现在在内的词连用.1.两种时态如:now,today,thismonth,thisyear,recently,thesefewdays

等。不能用在现在完成进行时态的动词，如：be,have,like,love,know,believe,hate等。

一般过去时则是表示过去某时发生的动作或情况,与现在毫无关系。2)现在完成进行时(have/has+been+现

在分词）一般现在时的被动语态(am/is/are+过

去分词）

如:Theworkisdoneduringtwodays.2)一般过去时的被动语态(was/were+过去分词）

2.七种被动语态形式

如:Hewassenttothehospitalimmediatelyaftertheaccident.3)一般将来时的被动语态(will/shall+be+

过去分词或+begoingto+be+过去分词）

如:Theworkwillbefinishedsoon.4)现在进行时的被动语态(is/am/are+being+过去分词）

如:Thebridgeisnowbeingconstructed.5)现在完成时的被动语态(have/has+been+过去分词）

如:Theradiohasbeenrepairedwhenwephonedtheshop.6)带情态动词的被动语态(情态动词+be+

过去分词)

如:Thiscanbedoneinafewminutes.7)动词不定式的被动式(tobe+过去分词)

如:Itisanhonorformetobeasked

tospeakhere.

现在完成时的被动语态表示动作发生在过去,到现在已经完成或对现在仍有影响,其构成是:have/hasbeen+done。例如：

1.Thedirtyclotheshavebeenwashed.

脏衣服都已经洗了。2.Theplanhasbeenstudiedbytheexpertsforthreetimes.

这项计划已经由专家研究过三次了。现在完成时的被动语态3.ThechildhasbeentakencareofbyGrandmaWangalltheseyears.

这些年来,这个小孩一直由王奶奶照料。现在完成时被动态：have/has

+been+动词过去分词现在完成进行时：have/has+been+动词现在分词

它们的构成的区别在最后的动词上,被动态接的是过去分词形式,现在完成进行时接的是现在分词形式。1.主语是行为动作的承受者。如：

TheTempleofZhangFeihasbeenrebuilt.

张飞庙已经过重建。2.说话时已经完成的动作或出现的结果。

如:

Thedoorhasbeenlocked.

门已经被锁上了。3.动作或状态始于过去,持续到现在,并可

能持续下去。如：

Hehasbeentoldaboutitformanytimes.

有人告诉他这事很多次了。

（可能还会有人告诉他）（我或别人现在进不去）4.用在时间和条件状语从句中,表示将来

某时已完成的动作。如：We’llstartassoonastheworkhas

beenfinished.

工作一完成我们就立即动身。

注意:1.副词的位置

often,usually,always,never,hardly,seldom等副词置于have/has和been中间。如:[误]Suchamanhasbeenhardlybelieved.

[正]Suchamanhashardlybeenbelieved.2.并不是所有动词都有被动语态

1)happen,takeplace,breakout,belongto,cost,last等不及物动词或词组无被动语态。如：

[误]

GreatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinChinasince1978.[正]

GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinasince1978.2)open,break,drop等不强调动作发出者时常用主动语态。如：

[误]Thedoorhasbeenopenedofitself.

[正]

Thedoorhasopenedofitself.3.短语动词不可分割或省略其中的介词

或副词。如：TheSARSpatientshavebeentakengoodcareof.4.一些特殊动词,如borrow,finish,begin,buy,start,return,marry,open,join等

构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与

表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达

相应的意思，

则需改换动词或时态。

如：Mybrotherhashad(不能用hasbought)thisbikeforalmostfouryears.Howlonghasthisbookbeenbought?Howlongagowasthisbookbought?(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。

如:Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.

一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)

Thisbookwaspublishedin1981.

这本书出版于1981年。被动语态的用法:(2)强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。

如:ThewindowwasbrokenbyMike.

窗户是迈克打破的。

Thisbookwaswrittenbyhim.

这本书是他写的。(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词)

(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。主动语态变被动语态的方法(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾

语,将主格改为宾格。例如：

Allthepeoplelaughedathim.

Hewaslaughedatbyallpeople.

Theymakethebikesinthefactory.

Thebikesaremadebytheminthefactory.

歌诀:宾变主,主变宾,by短语后面跟。

谓语动词变被动,be后“过分”来使用。4)双宾语动词变被动语态可将其中的一

个宾语变为主语，

另一个保留不动。主动：Ihavegivenhimthekey.被动：Hehasbeengiventhekey.被动：Thekeyhasbeengiven(to)him.5)带复合宾语的动词变被动语态时,只能

将宾语变为主语,原来的宾补保留不

动,改称主语补足语。主动：Ihaveaskedhertohelpyou.被动：Shehasbeenaskedtohelpyou.Underlinetheuseofthepresentperfectvoiceinthefollowingpoem.Thenfillinthechartbelow.LookatthewayyourfacehasbeenwashedLookatthewayyourhairhasbeencombedLookatthewayyourshoeshavebeencleanedYou’dbetterdothemagain.LookatthewaytheflowershavebeenplantedLookatthewaythegrasshasbeencutLookatthewaythepathshavebeensweptIhopethatyou’llcomehereagain.ThingsthathavebeendonewellThingsthathavebeendonebadlythewaytheflowershavebeenplantedthewaythegrasshasbeencutthewaythepathshavebeensweptthewayyourfacehasbeenwashedthewayyourhairhasbeencombedthewayyourshoeshavebeencleanedReadthispoemaloud,payingattentiontotherhythmandintonation.Thenwriteyourownpoem.Lookattheway______________________Lookattheway______________________Lookattheway_______________________________________________thetablehasbeenlaidtheglasseshavebeenplacedthefoodhasbeencookedYou’dbetterdothemagain.Possibleversion:Lookattheway________________________Lookattheway________________________Lookattheway_________________________________________________________yourbedhasbeenmadeyourcarpethasbeensweptyourshoeshavebeentidiedIhopethatyou’llcomehereagain.Exercises1.

Bothmybrotherworkatthepowerstationthat___inmyhometown.A.hassetupB.hasbeensetupC.wassetupD.issetup2.

_____thesportsmeetwillbeputoff.A.I’vebeentoldB.I’vetoldC.I’mtoldD.Itold3.Allthepreparationforthetask____,andwe’rereadytostart.A.completedB.completeC.hadbeencompletedD.havebeendone4.----Howlong____atthisjob?----Since1990.A.wereyouemployedB.haveyoubeenemployedC.hadyoubeenemployedD.willyoubeemployed5.

Whenandwheretogofortheon-salaryholiday____yet.A.arenotdecidedB.havenotbeendecidedC.isnotbeingdecidedD.hasnotbeendecided6.Betty___injuredsincelastSaturday.

A.hasbeen

B.was

C.is

D.has7.–Hi,Tom,youlooktired.

--

Ofcourse.I___thelivingroomallday.

A.hadpaintedB.paintedC.havebeenpainted

D.havebeenpainting8.--Didyoumoveintothenewhouse?--No.Therooms___yet.A.werebeingpaintedB.arepaintingC.havenotpaintedD.havenotbeenpainted9.Greatchanges___inmyhometownandalotoffactories___.A.havebeentakenplace;arebeingsetupB.havetakenplace;havebeensetupC.aretakenplace;hadbeensetupD.tookplace;willsetup10.Haveyouever___totheexhibitionwhich___forthreeweeks?A.gone;hasbeenshownB.visited;shownC.been;hasbeenonshowD.went;lasted改错1.Apersonalcomputerhasboughtbyus.Apersonalcomputerhasbeenboughtbyus.2.Manyproblemshasbeenfoundwithournewcomputer.Manyproblemshavebeenfoundwithournewcomputer.3.APChasbeenbuildedthewaywewanted.APChasbeenbuiltthewaywewanted.4.Ourcomputerjusthas

beenjoinedtotheinternet.Ourcomputerhasjustbeenjoinedtotheinternet.5.Thecomputerwasusedeverydaysinceweboughtit.Thecomputerhasbeenusedeverydaysinceweboughtit.6.Alotofe-mailshadwrittenonthecomputerinthe