湖南省岳阳市2023-2024学年高一上学期1月期末质量监测英语试题 含解析

岳阳市2024年高中教学质量监测试卷高一英语本试卷共12页，共67道小题，满分120分，考试用时120分钟。注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的学校、班级、考号、姓名和座位号填写在答题卡指定位置。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内;如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答无效。4.考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，只交答题卡。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.Whocuttheman’shairthistime?A.Ahairdresser.B.Hisfather.C.Hismother.2.Whatdoesthewomanwantthemantodo?A.Lendherabook.B.Gotravelingwithher.C.Givehersomesuggestions.3.Whathavesportsmainlyhelpedthewomando?A.Makefriends.B.Improvehealth.C.Performbetteratwork.4.Whenwillthemeetingprobablystart?A.At5:30p.m.B.At5:40p.m.C.At5:50p.m.5.WhyisSarahunabletoattendtheevent?A.Sheisill.B.Sheistraveling.C.Sheisbusyworking.第二节听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatisthewomandoingintheconversation?A.Doingajobinterview.B.Sellingaproduct.C.Sharinghersuccessstory.7.WhatdidthewomanuseAItodo?A.Shecreatedawebsite.B.Shestartedabusiness.C.Shedesignedposts.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Atapark.B.Atapetshop.C.Atthewoman’shome.9.Whatistheweatherliketoday?A.Rainy.B.Sunny.C.Windy.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Writerandfan.B.Radiohostandguest.C.Teacherandstudent.11.Whattypeofbookarethespeakersdiscussing?A.AfictionnovelB.AtextbookC.Asciencebook12.Whatkindoflanguageisusedinthebook?A.Professionallanguage.B.Simplelanguage.C.Funnylanguage.13.Whichsubjectwasthewomangoodatinschool?A.Math.B.Science.C.English.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。14.Whereisthebiggestareaofrubbishlocated?A.InthePacificOcean.B.IntheIndianOcean.C.IntheAtlanticOcean.15.Howdoesthemanfeelabouttherubbishareasintheoceans?A.Discouraged.B.Uninterested.C.Shocked.16.Whatdopeoplemainlyfindintherubbish?AMetal.B.Plastic.C.Glass.17.Whatisthebestwaytodealwiththerubbishaccordingtothewoman?A.Puttingitundertheocean.B.Usingspecialboatstocollectit.C.Recyclingitbeforeitgetsintotheocean.听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。18.Whatwillthespeakerstudyatuniversity?A.History.B.Buildingdesign.C.Hotelmanagement.19.Whatdidthespeaker’sfatherofferher?A.Aflightticket.B.Atraditionalwinebottle.C.Alistofmust-seebuildings.20.HowmanyfloorsdoestheCITICTowerhaveintotal?A.108floors.B.115floors.C.128floors.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AWelcometoPodcasts!Accordingtothesurvey:thisweek’smostpopularbooks,wehighlyrecommendfourbookstoyou.WhenSheWasPrincessIn1945,thewomanwhowastobecomeQueenElizabethII(andrecentlycelebrated70yearsontheBritishthrone)wasaged19,keenlyawareofthedutiesofthecrownandalreadyshowingsignsofaquietdeterminationtofacethechallengesthatlayahead.ParentalAsAnything,withMaggieDentParentingauthorMaggieDentshareswhattodoifyourkidsarefightingovereverylittlethingandothercommonparentingdilemmas.Therearepracticaltipsandanswersoneverythingaffectingchildrenofallagesfromshynesstoscreentime,avoidinghomeworktotantrumsandmore.GetMovingKeepMovingPassionateaboutpsychologyandexercisescience,DrSpencehascombinedthetwointhisbooktoexplorewhyexerciselosesitslustre(光泽)asweage,andshowsushowthechallengeofreturningtoexercisecanbeovercomeandthepossibilitiesthiscreatesforageingwell.Usingpersonalstories,thiseasy-to-readguideempowersreaderstotakechargeoftheirhealth,reconnectwiththeirphysicalself,andsetthemselvesupforalonger,healthierlife.The“HarryPotter”SeriesbyJ.K.RowlingonAudibleHarryPotterneedslittleintroduction,buttheaudiobooksavailableonAudible(subscription)canbeagreatwaytointroducekidstoHogwarts-andforthosewhohavereadthebooks,torevisitHarry,HermioneandRon.HOWTOGETPODCASTSTolistenontheweb:Inasearchengine,lookupTheCommune,forexample,andclickontheplaybutton.Todownload:DownloadanappsuchasPodcatchersoriTunesonyourphoneortabletandsimplysearchbytitle.1.Whichbooktalksabouthowtogetalongwithkidsintheirfamily?A.WhenSheWasPrincess B.ParentalAsAnythingC.GetMovingKeepMoving D.The‘HarryPotter’Series2.Whatdoweknowfromthetext?A.J.K.RowlingintroducesadultstoHogwarts.B.MaggieDentshareshowtosticktoexercise.C.QueenElizabethIIcameintopowerwhenshewas19.D.DrSpenceusespersonalstoriestoleadreaderstoliveahealthierlife.3.Whatcolumn(专栏)inamagazinemightthepassagecomefrom?A.Literature. B.Health. C.Sports. D.Science.【答案】1.B2.D3.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四本畅销书的情况。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“ParentingauthorMaggieDentshareswhattodoifyourkidsarefightingovereverylittlethingandothercommonparentingdilemmas.Therearepracticaltipsandanswersoneverythingaffectingchildrenofallagesfromshynesstoscreentime,avoidinghomeworktotantrumsandmore.(育儿作家玛吉·登特分享了如果你的孩子为每一件小事和其他常见的育儿困境而争吵时该怎么做。从害羞到看屏幕，从逃避作业到发脾气等等影响各个年龄段孩子的事情，都有实用的建议和答案)”可知，ParentalAsAnything讲的是如何与家里的孩子相处。故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Usingpersonalstories,thiseasy-to-readguideempowersreaderstotakechargeoftheirhealth,reconnectwiththeirphysicalself,andsetthemselvesupforalonger,healthierlife.(通过个人故事，这本易于阅读的指南使读者能够掌控自己的健康，重新与他们的身体自我联系，并为更长寿，更健康的生活做好准备)”可知，斯宾塞博士用个人故事引导读者过上更健康的生活。故选D。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“WelcometoPodcasts!Accordingtothesurvey:thisweek’smostpopularbooks,wehighlyrecommendfourbookstoyou.(欢迎来到播客！根据调查：本周最受欢迎的书，我们向你强烈推荐四本书)”结合文章主要介绍了四本畅销书的情况。由此推知，文章也许选自杂志的文学专栏。故选A。BAsanundergraduateinMumbai,India,SaadBhamladosomethingrewardingforhisgrandparents.Theproblemwas,hisgrandparentssufferedfromage-relatedhearinglossanddesperatelyneededhearingaids.Saad’sheartsankwhenhediscoveredthatthepriceswereshockinglyhighandfarbeyondhismeans.Determinedtofindasolution,hedevotedhimselftohisstudiesandresearch.Now,15yearslater,theprofessorhasinventedadevicetohelptheoldacrosstheglobe:Acheaphearingaid.Thepracticaldevice,describedinanewstudy,couldhelprestorehearingtomillionssufferingfromage-relatedhearinglossforlessthanthepriceofabottleofwater.Thedeviceisthesizeofamatchboxandcanbewornlikeanecklace.Atbulk(批量)rates,Bhamlasays,itwouldcostjustunder$1tomake.Inlowandmiddle-incomecountries,only3%ofpeoplewithage-relatedhearinglosswearhearingaids,andincountriesliketheUnitedStates,theadoptionratehovers(徘徊)atabout20%,accordingtoBhamla.Asidefromconcernsaboutcost,Bhamlasays,“alotofpeopledon’trealizetheyhavehearinglossandthenthereisthesocialprejudiceofwearingtheaid.Thosewiththeaidswouldbelookeddownupon.”Bhamlaadded“Ifthesecost-effectivedeviceswereputintouse,theycouldbenefitmanypeople.Intheory,ifhearingproblemsarealleviated(缓解),people’scognitivepathwayswillbechanged,theriskofAlzheimer’sdiseasereduced.”Bhamlawantsbiomedicaldevicestobeascheapandaccessibleasconsumerelectronics.Hestillrememberstheexperienceoflearningthathecouldn’taffordtohelphisgrandparents.“IthoughtowningalaptopandacellphonemeantIhadthemeanstopurchasehearingaids,butthenIrealizedhowexpensivetheywere,”herecalls.“SoIunderstoodtheworldmoreclearly.”4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“restore”inparagraph2probablymean?ADamage. B.Recover. C.Repeat. D.Remember.5.WhichisNOTthereasonforalowpercentageofhearingaidsadoptionaroundtheworld?A.Somepeopleareunawareoftheirhearingloss. B.Somepeopleareconcernedaboutthehighprice.C.Somepeopletakenonoticeofsocialprejudice. D.Somepeopleareafraidofbeinglookeddownupon.6.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Bhamlawantstomakealotofmoneyfromhisinvention.BBhamlawantstomakehearingaidsaffordableforpeople.C.Bhamlawasunwillingtobuyhearingaidsforhisgrandparents.D.Bhamlastartedtounderstandthemeaningofowninghearingaids.7.WhatkindofpersonisSaadBhamla?A.Persistentandcreative. B.Stubbornandproud.C.Independentandeasy-going. D.Intelligentandhonest.【答案】4.B5.C6.B7.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了印度孟买的一名教授SaadBhamla花费15年时间发明了一种廉价的助听器，帮助数百万因年龄而听力受损的人恢复听力。【4题详解】词句猜测题。根据第一段“Theproblemwas,hisgrandparentssufferedfromage-relatedhearinglossanddesperatelyneededhearingaids.Saad’sheartsankwhenhediscoveredthatthepriceswereshockinglyhighandfarbeyondhismeans.(问题是，他的祖父母患有与年龄有关的听力损失，迫切需要助听器。当萨阿德发现价格高得惊人，远远超出他的承受能力时，他的心一沉)”和划线词上文“Thepracticaldevice,describedinanewstudy,couldhelp”以及后文“hearingtomillionssufferingfromage-relatedhearinglossforlessthanthepriceofabottleofwater”可知，这位教授的祖父母听力损失，需要助听器，但是价格很高，于是教授发明了这种设备，来帮助数百万因年龄而听力受损的人恢复听力，而价格还不到一瓶水的价格。故划线词意思是“恢复”。故选B。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Asidefromconcernsaboutcost,Bhamlasays,“alotofpeopledon’trealizetheyhavehearinglossandthenthereisthesocialprejudiceofwearingtheaid.Thosewiththeaidswouldbelookeddownupon.”(除了对成本的担忧，巴姆拉说：“很多人没有意识到他们有听力损失，而且佩戴助听器还有社会偏见。那些有助听器的人会被瞧不起的。”)”可知，高昂的价格、有些人没意识到自己的听力问题、社会偏见是助听器使用率低的原因。C项“有些人不注意社会偏见”不是全球助听器使用率低的原因。故选C。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Bhamlawantsbiomedicaldevicestobeascheapandaccessibleasconsumerelectronics.Hestillrememberstheexperienceoflearningthathecouldn’taffordtohelphisgrandparents.“IthoughtowningalaptopandacellphonemeantIhadthemeanstopurchasehearingaids,butthenIrealizedhowexpensivetheywere,”herecalls.“SoIunderstoodtheworldmoreclearly.”(Bhamla希望生物医学设备能像消费电子产品一样便宜和容易获得。他仍然记得得知自己负担不起帮助祖父母的经历。“我以为拥有一台笔记本电脑和一部手机就意味着我有能力购买助听器，但后来我意识到它们有多贵，”他回忆道。“所以我更清楚地了解了这个世界。”)”可知，Bhamla希望让人们能够负担得起助听器。故选B。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Determinedtofindasolution,hedevotedhimselftohisstudiesandresearch.Now,15yearslater,theprofessorhasinventedadevicetohelptheoldacrosstheglobe:Acheaphearingaid.(为了找到解决办法，他全身心地投入到学习和研究中。15年后的今天，这位教授发明了一种帮助全球老年人的设备：一种廉价的助听器)”可知，SaadBhamla为了解决助听器太贵的问题，全身心地投入到学习和研究中，最后发明出了便宜的助听器，说明他是一个有毅力，有创造力的人。故选A。CResearchershaveextensivelyexploredwhethertimeofdayaffectsexercisebenefitsandperformance.Althoughmorningworkoutsmaybethegreatestforcircadianrhythms(昼夜节律),afternoonexercisetendstobeslightlymoreefficient.Overall,giventhebenefitsofexercise,thebesttimetoworkoutformostpeopleiswhenevertheycanfititintotheirschedules.Akeypartofstartingtoexerciseischoosingwhentoworkout.Morning,afternoon,orevening:Whichtimeisbest?Scientistshavestudiedthisdilemmaextensively.Forfreshexercisers,morningworkoutsareoftenthemostterrible.Tradingacozybedforanunforgivingfitnesscentercanbearudeawakeningtosaytheleast.Butmorningworkoutshavetheiradvantages.Challengingthebodyproducesendorphins(内啡肽),upliftingone’smoodfollowingeffort.Thesechemicals,alongwithafewothers,boostenergylevels,alertness,andfocus,whichcanmakeyoumoreproductiveandattentiveatwork.Butearlyexercisersmaynotbeabletoachievepeakperformance.Strongermuscles,fewerstoredenergyreservesfromovernightfasting(夜间禁食),andaslightlycoolerbodytemperatureinthemorningadduptoinfluenceexerciseoutput.Therefore,moreanxiousexercisersmightpreferworkingoutintheafternoon.Exerciseitselfmayalsobemoreefficientintheafternoon.Forexample,inonestudy,youngmeninstructedtocycletoexhaustionatasetdifficultywereabletoride20%longerintheafternooncomparedtothemorning.Areviewofstudiesalsofoundthatmusclestrength,musclepower,andrunningabilitiesallpeakedintheafternoon,toppingmorningperformancebyanywherefrom3%to20%.Finally,somefolksmaydecidetoworkoutlaterintheevening.Studiescenteredaroundthistimeofdaytendtofocusonwhetherornotnightlyexercisenegativelyimpactssleepquality.Gatheredresearchsuggestsitdoesnotand,instead,actuallyimprovessleep.So,takingeverythingintoaccount,whenisthebesttimetoexercise?Thereactuallyisastraightforwardanswer!Ifyou’renotabouttogotosleep,ifyou’vegotsomefreetimeonyourhands,andifyouhaven’talreadyexercisedtoday,thebesttimetoexerciseisnow.8.Whenisthebesttimeforpeopletoexerciseaccordingtotheresearch?A.Inthemorning. B.Intheafternoon.C.Intheevening. D.Whenevertheyareavailable.9.Whichofthefollowingisnottheadvantageofmorningexercise?A.Improvingone’smoodfollowingeffort.B.Producingmorechemicalsinthebody.C.Increasingenergylevel,alertnessandfocus.D.Makingyoumoreefficientandconcentratedatwork.10.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Exerciseefficiencyincreasesinthemorning.B.Nightlyexerciseseriouslyinfluencessleepquality.C.Moreanxiousexerciserspreferexercisingintheafternoon.D.Afternoonexercisemighthaveanadvantageovermorningexercise.11.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Whatcanexercisebringtous? B.Areyoureadytoexercisenow?C.Whenisthebesttimetoexercise? D.Howcanyouchoosethebesttimetoexercise?【答案】8.D9.B10.D11.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要以“什么时间是最佳锻炼时间”为话题进行了讨论，作者分析了早晨锻炼，下午锻炼和晚间锻炼分别带来的好处，最后总结，其实并没有什么标准答案。如果你不打算睡觉，如果你有一些空闲时间，如果你今天还没有锻炼，那么现在就是锻炼的最佳时间。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容“Overall,giventhebenefitsofexercise,thebesttimetoworkoutformostpeopleiswhenevertheycanfititintotheirschedules.(总的来说，考虑到锻炼的好处，对大多数人来说，锻炼的最佳时间是他们能将其纳入自己的时间表的时候)”可知，对于大多数人来说，当他们可以将锻炼这一件事情安排到自己的时间表的时候，就是最佳时间，即有空锻炼的时候就是最佳时间。故选D项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容“Butmorningworkoutshavetheiradvantages.Challengingthebodyproducesendorphins,upliftingone’smoodfollowingeffort.Thesechemicals,alongwithafewothers,boostenergylevels,alertness,andfocus,whichcanmakeyoumoreproductiveandattentiveatwork.(但是晨练也有它的好处。挑战身体会产生内啡肽，使人在努力后心情振奋。这些化学物质和其他一些物质一起，可以提高能量水平、警觉性和注意力，让你在工作中更有效率、更专注)”可知，晨练的好处是可以使身体产生内啡肽，心情振奋，与身体内其他物质一起提高能量水平，警觉性和注意力，从而工作起来更有效率，更专注。选项B“Producingmorechemicalsinthebody.(在体内产生更多的化学物质)”并未在好处中提及。故选B项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第五段内容“Exerciseitselfmayalsobemoreefficientintheafternoon.(锻炼本身在下午也可能更有效)”以及“Areviewofstudiesalsofoundthatmusclestrength,musclepower,andrunningabilitiesallpeakedintheafternoon,toppingmorningperformancebyanywherefrom3%to20%.(一项研究综述还发现，肌肉力量、体力和跑步能力都在下午达到顶峰，比早上的表现高出3%到20%)”可知，下午锻炼的效果可能更好，肌肉力量，体力以及跑步能力都能在下午达到顶峰，比早上表现得好。由此推知，下午锻炼可能比早晨锻炼有好处。故选D项。【11题详解】主旨大意题。通过阅读文章内容可知，文章第二段内容“Akeypartofstartingtoexerciseischoosingwhentoworkout.Morning,afternoon,orevening:Whichtimeisbest?(开始锻炼的一个关键部分是选择什么时候锻炼。早上、下午还是晚上：哪个时间最好？)”提出了文章的核心话题，即最佳锻炼时间是什么时候，并在后文对各个时间段锻炼进行了效果分析。由此可知，选项C“Whenisthebesttimetoexercise?(什么时候是锻炼的最佳时间？)”适合作本文最佳标题。故选C项。DForthefirsttime,researchershavesuccessfullytransplantedgeneticallymodified(基因改良的)pigheartsintotwodeadhumanswhowereonlifesupport.Therecipients(接受者),whosefamiliesdonatedtheirbodiesfortheprocedures,hadbeendeclaredbrain-dead.ThetwosurgeriestookplaceatNYULangoneHealth’sTischHospitalinNewYorkCity.ThefirstrecipientwasLarryKelly,a73-year-oldmanwhohadhadtwoopen-heartsurgeriesbefore.Informationonthesecondrecipienthasn’tyetbeenshared.Afterthetransplants,thetworecipientswereobservedfor72hours.Therewerenosignsofrejection(排斥)andtheheartsfunctionednormally.Xenotransplantationoffersapossiblesolutiontotheshortageofdonororgans.IntheUSalone,morethan105,000peoplearewaitingforanorgantransplant,and17dieeachday.Butamajorconcernwithusinganimalorgansistransplantrejection—whentheimmunesystemattackstheorgan,eventuallycausingittofail.Toavoidthis,NaderMoazamiatNYULangoneHealthandhiscolleaguesusedheartsfrompigswith10geneticmodifications.Fourturnedoffgenesknowntoincreasetheriskoftransplantrejectionandabnormalorgangrowth.Theothersixwereinsertedhumangenesthatreduceincompatibilities(不相容性)betweenbiologicalpathwaysinpigsandhumans.Infectionwithanimalvirusesisanotherpossiblerisk.Whiletheviruscan’tinfecthumancells,itdidinfectthetransplantedorgan,potentiallycontributingtohisdeath.Forthetworecenttransplants,MontgomeryatNewYorkUniversityLangoneHealthsaidtheyusedspecializedproceduresthatcandetectlowlevelsofthevirusandscreenforotherpigdiseases.“Itwasoneofthemostamazingthingstoseeapigheartbeatinginsidethechestofahumanbeing.Itisagreathonortowitnessthatinmylifetime,”saidMontgomery.“Thisisacompletelynewfield.”12.Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?A.Themethodsofobservation. B.Thefunctionofthetwosurgeries.C.Thebasicinformationaboutthetwosurgeries. D.Thepersonalinformationofthetworecipients.13.Whydidtheauthorlistthesefiguresinparagraph3?A.Toreflecttheshortageofdonororgans.B.Tointroducetheideaoftransplantrejection.C.TostressthepotentialimportanceofXenotransplantation.D.Toshowconcernforpeoplewaitingforanorgantransplant.14.WhatdidthestudyledbyMoazamifocuson?A.Waystodealwithabnormalorgangrowth.B.Incompatibilitiesbetweenpigsandhumans.C.Specializedprocessdetectinglevelsofviruses.D.Geneticmodificationstoreducetransplantrejection.15.WhatisMontgomery’sattitudetowardtheirstudies?A.Unclear. B.Neutral. C.Doubtful. D.Optimistic.【答案】12.C13.C14.D15.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了异种移植已经成功的应用到人类身上，科学家们正在想办法减少移植排斥反应。【12题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段中“ThetwosurgeriestookplaceatNYULangoneHealth’sTischHospitalinNewYorkCity.(这两次手术都是在纽约大学LangoneHealth’sTisch医院进行的。)”和全段内容可知，文章第二段主要讲的是两次手术的基本信息。故选C项。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Xenotransplantationoffersapossiblesolutiontotheshortageofdonororgans.IntheUSalone,morethan105,000peoplearewaitingforanorgantransplant,and17dieeachday.(异种移植为供体器官短缺提供了一个可能的解决方案。仅在美国，就有超过10.5万人在等待器官移植，每天有17人死亡。)”可知，作者在第3段列出这些数字是为了强调异种移植的潜在重要性。故选C项。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Butamajorconcernwithusinganimalorgansistransplantrejection—whentheimmunesystemattackstheorgan,eventuallycausingittofail.(但是使用动物器官的一个主要问题是移植排斥反应——当免疫系统攻击器官时，最终导致器官衰竭。)”第四段中“Toavoidthis,NaderMoazamiatNYULangoneHealthandhiscolleaguesusedheartsfrompigswith10geneticmodifications.(为了避免这种情况，纽约大学Langone健康中心的NaderMoazami和他的同事使用了经过10个基因修改的猪心脏。)”可知，Moazami领导的这项研究关注的是基因修改减少移植排斥反应。故选D项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“‘Itwasoneofthemostamazingthingstoseeapigheartbeatinginsidethechestofahumanbeing.Itisagreathonortowitnessthatinmylifetime,’saidMontgomery.‘Thisisacompletelynewfield.’(Montgomery说：‘看到一个人的心脏在胸腔里跳动是最神奇的事情之一。能在我的有生之年见证这一切是我的荣幸。这是一个全新的领域。’)”可知，Montgomery对他们的研究的态度是乐观的。故选D项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。BeyondBurnoutTheworldisseriouslystressedout.Weallgetbusysometimes,butfeelingconstantlyworriedandoverwhelmedcanleadtoburnout,whichcanhaveseriousresults.____16____.LookformeaningatworkWecantoleratestresslongerifwebelievewe’redoingsomethingpurposefulandworthwhile.We’remorelikelytoexperiencemorestresswhensomethingseemsoutofourcontrol,againstourwillortotallymeaningless.Takestockof(仔细审视)what’sonyourplate.____17____.____18____Ignoring(忽视)yourdietoreatingfastfoodsorcomfortfoodscanbecomeawayofdealingwithstress,butitwillreducenutrientsnecessarytobringenergy.Manyindividualsarelessactivewhenunderstress.____19____.Whileyoudon’thavetorunawayfromamountainlionthesedays,evenlightmovementhelps“complete”thestresscycle.RecognizewhenithasbecometoomuchIt’sverycommonforsuperiorstocontinuetoincreasetasksovertime.Ifwedon’tcommunicateourneedsorlimitations,theymaybeignored.____20____.FornurseWendyReynolds,directorofahospitalintensivecareunit,stresshadalwaysbeenpartofthejob.Shesolvedherburnoutproblembystartingadifferentrolewhereshecanmanageherwork-lifebalancewhilestillhavingasatisfyingcareer.Ifyoudofeelburntout,therapycanhelpyouprocesswork-relatedstressandlearncopingstrategies,anditcanteachyoutocommunicatewithyouremployerandsethealthyboundaries.A.HaveahealthydietB.Don’tignoreyourselfC.ThisisparticularlytrueinthehospitalD.Butmovementisthemostnaturalresponsetoourbody’sstressE.Ifyoudon’texpectthingswillimprove,considerchangingjobsorevencareersF.Ifyoucan,cutoneortwoofthosethingsthatdon’tpersonallygiveyoumeaningG.Beforesituationgetsworse,thereareseveralstepsyoucantaketopreventburnout【答案】16.G17.F18.B19.D20.E【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几个步骤来缓解压力防止过度疲劳。【16题详解】上文“Weallgetbusysometimes,butfeelingconstantlyworriedandoverwhelmedcanleadtoburnout,whichcanhaveseriousresults.(我们有时都会很忙，但持续的担忧和不堪重负会导致过度疲劳，这可能会产生严重的后果。)”说明压力会导致过度疲劳，选项G“在情况变得更糟之前，你可以采取几个步骤来防止过度疲劳”承接上文，引出文章主题“对防止过度疲劳给予一些建议”。故选G项。【17题详解】上文“Wecantoleratestresslongerifwebelievewe’redoingsomethingpurposefulandworthwhile.We’remorelikelytoexperiencemorestresswhensomethingseemsoutofourcontrol,againstourwillortotallymeaningless.Takestockof(仔细审视)what’sonyourplate.(如果我们相信自己在做有目的、有价值的事情，我们就能更长久地忍受压力。当一些事情似乎超出我们的控制，违背我们的意愿或完全没有意义时，我们更有可能感受到更多的压力。盘点一下你盘子里的都有什么。)”说明要选择有意义的事情去做，盘点一下自己眼前都有什么事情，选项F“如果可以的话，删去一两个对你个人来说没有意义的事情”承接上文，建议把没有意义的事情删去。故选F项。【18题详解】下文“Ignoring(忽视)yourdietoreatingfastfoodsorcomfortfoodscanbecomeawayofdealingwithstress,butitwillreducenutrientsnecessarytobringenergy.(忽略你的饮食，吃快餐或安慰食品可以成为应对压力的一种方式，但它会减少提供能量所必需的营养。)”和“Whileyoudon’thavetorunawayfromamountainlionthesedays,evenlightmovementhelps‘complete’thestresscycle.(虽然现在你不必从美洲狮面前逃跑，即使是轻微的运动也有助于‘完成’压力循环。)”说明不能忽视自己，要重视自己的饮食和锻炼，选项B“不要忽视自己”概括本段主题，适合做小标题。故选B项。【19题详解】上文“Manyindividualsarelessactivewhenunderstress.(许多人在压力下不太积极。)”说明压力造成不积极，选项D“但是运动是对我们身体压力的最自然的反应”转折上文语义，建议进行运动来应对压力，下文“Whileyoudon’thavetorunawayfromamountainlionthesedays,evenlightmovementhelps‘complete’thestresscycle.(虽然现在你不必从美洲狮面前逃跑，即使是轻微的运动也有助于‘完成’压力循环。)”进一步说明，即便轻微的运动都是有益的。选项中movement和下文中词汇重叠，语义一致，故选D项。【20题详解】上文“It’sverycommonforsuperiorstocontinuetoincreasetasksovertime.Ifwedon’tcommunicateourneedsorlimitations,theymaybeignored.(随着时间的推移，上司不断增加任务是很常见的。如果我们不沟通我们的需要或限制，它们可能会被忽视。)”说明工作压力越来越大，我们的需求和限制有可能被忽视，选项E“如果你预料情况不会好转，那就考虑换工作，甚至换职业”承接上文，建议在不会好转的情况下考虑换工作。下文“Shesolvedherburnoutproblembystartingadifferentrolewhereshecanmanageherwork-lifebalancewhilestillhavingasatisfyingcareer.(她通过开始一个不同的角色来解决自己的倦怠问题，在这个角色中，她可以管理自己的工作与生活平衡，同时仍然有一个令人满意的职业。)”举例说明她改换不同的角色解决了问题，和选项语义一致。故选E项。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。PetersonSimonandhiswifeLiJinghavetraveledacrosstheglobebythebackpaths,providingtheirsonsJimmyandTommya(n)____21____environmentforpersonalgrowth.ThisEast-meets-Westcouplestarted____22____whiletheiryoungersonwasstillababyin2003.Mostoftheirtripsarefarfromthehot____23____recommendedbytravelguidebooks.“Realtravelmaybehard,uncertain,____24____,butthere’safeel-goodfactorwhenyoupassatestofsomekind,”Simonwroteinthefamily’snewlypublishedtravelmemoir(回忆录)PagesofDiscovery.Simonattachesgreatimportanceto____25____outoftheclassroom,sayingthatchildrenmightscorewellonschooltests,____26____thatexperienceoftheworldoutside,withdifferentlanguages,politicalstructures,andreligiousbeliefs,isthereal____27____ground.Childreninthisinternationalfamilydidnothavethe____28____toperformonschooltests,buttheyhad“____29____”ontheroad.Liaskedhersonstowritetraveldiaries,collecttickets,_____30_____mapsandsummarizetraveltips.Shesayssuchhabits,thoughtheymightnot_____31_____improvetestscores,willbenefittheminlaterlife.Theseexperiencescertainlyshapedtheirsons’charactersand_____32_____theirchosenstudyatuniversity.One_____33_____worldhistorytheotherinternationalrelations.Thetwobrothersalsosharea(n)_____34_____inhistoricalmonuments,andtheGreatWallinparticular.Theyarenowplanningtofollowintheirfather’sfootstepswithanew4,500-kmhikeontheGreatWall.“Myparentsviewtheworldasabig_____35_____,andmybrotherandIarethebiggestbeneficiaries(受益人),”Jimmysays.21.A.good B.unique C.normal D.equal22.A.hiking B.working C.suffering D.traveling23.A.parks B.spots C.mountains D.cities24.A.challenging B.simple C.negative D.pleasant25.A.performing B.reading C.learning D.exercising26.A.and B.so C.but D.or27.A.testing B.studying C.playing D.sleeping28.A.problems B.potential C.reason D.pressure29.A.homework B.option C.joy D.adventure30.A.admire B.draw C.find D.ignore31.A.slowly B.usually C.continuously D.directly32.A.damaged B.updated C.influenced D.changed33.A.takesup B.makesup C.passesdown D.takesin34.A.activity B.interest C.lecture D.band35.A.village B.forum C.classroom D.family【答案】21.B22.D23.B24.A25.C26.C27.A28.D29.A30.B31.D32.C33.A34.B35.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一对东西方结合的夫妇带着两个孩子在世界各地旅行，走过各地的小路，让他们在真正的旅行中接受考验，做各种任务，为他们提供了独特的个人成长环境，这些经历塑造了两个孩子的性格，影响了他们的专业选择和兴趣爱好，让他们受益匪浅。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：彼得森·西蒙和他的妻子李静走过世界各地的乡间小路，为他们的儿子吉米和汤米提供了一个独特的个人成长环境。A.good好的；B.unique独特的；C.normal正常的；D.equal平等的。根据上文“PetersonSimonandhiswifeLiJinghavetraveledacrosstheglobebythebackpath”可知，夫妻两人在世界各地旅行，由此推知，他们的孩子和其他孩子不同，个人成长环境是独特的。故选B。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：2003年，当他们的小儿子还是个婴儿时，这对东西方结合的夫妇就开始旅行了。A.hiking徒步；B.working工作；C.suffering遭受；D.traveling旅行。根据下文“Mostoftheirtrips”可知，夫妻两人是在小儿子还很小的时候就开始旅行了。故选D。23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们的大部分旅行都远离旅游指南上推荐的热门景点。A.parks公园；B.spots地点；C.mountains山脉；D.cities城市。根据上文“PetersonSimonandhiswifeLiJinghavetraveledacrosstheglobebythebackpaths”可知，夫妻两人走过世界各地的乡间小路，因此旅行的地方并非旅游指南上推荐的热门景点，固定表达hotspot意为“热门景点”。故选B。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“真正的旅行可能是艰难的