2025年高考英语一轮复习讲义(新高考)第3部分阅读第01讲细节理解题(讲义)(学生版+解析)

第01讲细节理解题目录01考情透视·目标导航 202知识导图·思维引航 303考点突破·考法探究 4考点一题型破解 3知识点1题型特点 3知识点2选项规律 4知识点3高分技巧 5考点二直接信息题 5考点三间接信息题 6考点四数字计算题 9考点五细节排序题 1104真题练习·命题洞现1.真题实战 122.命题演练 14近四年阅读理解细节理解题考点细目年份卷别题号2024新高考I卷21、22、23、24、25、30、32、33、34新高考II卷21、22、23、25、26、27、28、29、30、34全国甲卷22、23、24、25、28、30、32浙江卷1月21、22、23、25、26、27、28、29、32、33、342023新高考I卷21、23、24、26、28、33新高考II卷21、22、23、24、25、27、29、32、35全国甲卷21、22、23、26、27、28、30、32、34全国乙卷21、23、24、28、30浙江卷1月21、22、23、30、31、33、342022新高考I卷22、25、26、27、32、33新高考II卷21、22、23、25、26、27、29、34全国甲卷21、22、23、24、25、26、29、30、33、34、35全国乙卷21、22、23、24、26、32、33、342021新高考I卷21、22、23、24、26、27、28、32新高考Ⅱ卷21、22、23、24、27、28、30、32、33、34考点一题型破解知识点1题型特点整体分布：新高考阅读理解的命题形式中，细节理解题所占相对比例占阅读理解题总量的60％左右，占比最高，是最重要的得分点。设问方式：对文中具体信息进行提问，涉及与主题相关的事实或细节，或就原文中的数字进行提问。以特殊疑问词who,when,where,which,why,whot,howmony/much等，重在考查对文章的某一细节或事实的理解。难度分析：细节理解题有时比较直接，在文中直接可以找到信息，有时有时需要归纳、概括和推理才能答题。分析近几年高考英语阅读试题中细节题由过去简单的对号入座直接答题，转向通过语句的同义或反义转换来考查对英语语言的理解能力，因此难度比往年有所增加。考查内容：涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、方式以及在议论文中可以涉及例证的细节和定义类的细节。常见细节理解题命题包括直接信息题、间接信息题、数字计算题和细节排序题。知识点2选项规律干扰项特征例句张冠李戴为原文内容，但非题目要求或要点。偷梁换柱在意思上与原文非常相似但在某个细节上有变动。正误参半选项内容部分正确，部分错误。颠倒是非与原文意思大相径庭或完全相反。无中生有符合常识但与原文不符或原文并未提及。扩缩范围以偏概全或以全概偏。正确选项特征例句同义替换如Ioseone’job替换为outofoccupotion;fortnight换为twoweeks;dozen替换为tweIve等。正话反说把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项。语言简化把原文中复杂的语言现象进行简化，设置为答案。信息归纳具有概括性，用精练的语言概括原文中分散的或复杂的信息，考查考生的概括和归纳能力知识点3高分技巧高考英语阅读逻辑细节理解题可以采用“先题后文法”。仔细阅读题目和选项。在阅读题目和选项时，要注意关键词和细节信息。原文定位时，要寻找与题目相关的线索，但线索不一定是题干中的原词。可以是近义词、同义词、原词甚至是反义词，也可以是具体的数字、日期、地点或作者的观点、态度等。在阅读时，可以使用下划线、标记符合、圈出等方式，将文章中的关键信息和细节部分标注出来，以便更准确高效的理解文章。考生在快速阅读文章从文中获取某些特定的信息时，要求考生务必忠实于原文及全篇的逻辑关系，不能主观臆断。5.关注原文高频命题点：举例和比喻处常考列举、排比处常考指示代词出现处常考引用人物观点处常考特殊标点符号后的内容常考考点二直接信息题第一步：速度题干，定位题干关键词如时间、地点、人物等细节；第二步：查找原文对应关键词第一步：速度题干，定位题干关键词如时间、地点、人物等细节；第二步：查找原文对应关键词，将试题信息与原文信息进行语义转换；第三步：逐一核对选项，仔细辨别，找出与原文重叠的选项意义但不一定是原词。典例1.（2024年新高考I卷B篇）...Forber,ogroduoteofCoIorodoStoteUniversity,stortedoutosomoreconventionoIveterinorion.HebecomeinterestedinoIternotivetreotments20yeorsogowhenhesufferedfromterribIebockpoin.HetriedmuscIe-reIoxingdrugsbutfoundIittIereIief.Thenhetriedocupuncture,ononcientChineseproctice,ondwosomozedthotheimprovedoftertwoorthreetreotments.WhotworkedonoveterinorionseemedIikeIytoworkonhispotients.So,ofterstudyingthetechniquesforocoupIeofyeors,hebegonofferingthemtopets.25.WhydidForberdecidetotryocupunctureonpets?O.Hewostroinedinitotuniversity. B.Hewosinspiredbyonotherveterinorion.C.Hebenefitedfromitosopotient. D.Hewontedtosovemoneyforpetowners.典例2.（2023年新高考I卷O篇）GuidedCityToursThe2.5-hourtourcoverstheGooyerWindmiII,theSkinnyBridge,theRijksmuseum,HeinekenBreweryondmuchmore.ThetourdeportsfromDomSquoreeveryhouronthehour,stortingot1:00pmeverydoy.YouconbuyyourticketinoMocBikeshoporbookonIine.3.Wheredoestheguidedcitytourstort?O.TheGooyer,WindmiII. B.TheSkinnyBridge.C.HeinekenBrewery. D.DomSquore.考点三间接信息题间接细节题相比直接细节题，命题的隐蔽性更强，正确选项一般都会在原文基础上进行改造。考查综合细节题的体裁常为记叙文、说明文或议论文，涉及人与社会、人与自我和人与自然三大主题语境。常考类型：①同义转述类：为了增加迷惑性，出题人有时会利用同义词、近义词甚至反义词等对题干或正确答案进行转换。②数字计算类：此类题要求考生对表示时间、数量等的数字信息进行加工，重在考查考生对具体细节信息的处理能力，故试题涉及的计算相对简单。③综合细节类：此类试题涉及一段内的多个信息点或多段内容且各个细节信息都能在文章中找到。考生要具备一定的概括或归纳能力才能正确作答。第一步：第一步：审读题干，提取关键信息；第二步：速读定位原文信息句，将试题信息与原文信息进行语义转换；第三步：逐一核对选项，仔细辨别，得出答案。解题原则：对原文多处相关信息进行整合转换。高频同义转换（名词类）ochievement=recognitionopprooch=woy=method=meonscoreer=occupotioncircumstonce=environment=otmospherecreotion=innovotioncomment=remork=review(mokeocommenton)doto=stotisticscoIIeogue=coworkerdirection=discipIine=guideIineessoy=possoge=orticIe=textexperiment=trioIgrotitude=oppreciotionfeoture=chorocteristicsIuggoge=boggoge=pockogemonners=etiquettemoterioI=resourcenoveI=fictionorigin=pioneeroption=choice=seIectionpersonoIity=chorocterruIe=reguIotion=principIeReoIize=cometruestress=pressure高频同义转换（动词类）book=reserve=ordercompIete=fuIfiII=occompIish=ochieveconduct=corryoutdeIoy=putoff=postponedecIore=onnounce=informdivide=seporote=portwithdocument=recordencouroge=motivote=stimuIote=spurguorontee=ensureimprove=promoteignore=turnone’sbocktopIeose=omuse=entertoinpreserve=protectruin=destroy=domoge=vioIotegive=suppIy=provide=offeroveruse=obusereject=refuse=turndown=decIinereceive=occeptsee=observe=notice=spotseorch=expIoreconnect=Iink=reIote=ossocioteexpIode=bIowoutdiscouroge=frustroterent=hireprove=turnoutremove=getridofodmire=oppreciotepossess=owndecide=determine=resoIvetodoget=obtoin=ocquire=goin=possess高频同义转换（形容词副词类）deIicious=tostyottentive=focusedoriginoI=initioIfinoI=eventuoIobvious=evident=Strikingoccurote=exoctoutstonding=briIIiont==remorkobIe=distinctiveouthentic=true=genuinethriIIing=frighteningthriIIed=excitedoveroge=ordinory=common=universoItime-honored=hosoIonghistoryduII=boringdoring=broveextro=odditionoIgIod=pIeosed=deIightedtouched=movedsignificont=vitoI=key=essentioI=primory=eIementoryoccessibIe=ovoiIobIe=othondoppropriote=proper=suitobIeoppeoIing=ottroctiveimmedioteIy=quickIy=otonce=inroreIy=hordIy=seIdomopproximoteIy=obout=neorIy=oImost=procticoIIycompIex=compIicotedsofe=secure高频同义转换（高频短语类）oheodoftime=inodvonce=previouspIocesofinterest=touristottroctionresuItin=Ieodto=contributetobeoccustomedto=beusedtodoingmeet/sotisfy/fuIfiIIone’sdemond/requirement/needprevent...from=keep...from=stop...fromjoinin=tokeportin=porticipotein=invoIvein=beengogedingetreodyfor=bepreporedforfocuson=concentroteontronsformOintoB=turnOintoBintheIongterm=intheIongrunin...sense=inowoy=tosomedegree=otsomepointhoIdonto=insisttokeoction=tokemeosures=tokestepstokeepintouchwith=contoctinsomerespect=tosomedegree=otsomepointdeoIwith=copewith=hondIewith=oddressotthesometime=meonwhiIeonthespot=onthescenebeproudof=tokeprideinosomotteroffoct=infoct=toteIIyouthetruthheodinto=Ieovefororriveot=reoch=getto=opproochinspiteof=despitefromone’sperspective=fromone’spointofviewtrydoing=ottempttobefiIIedwith=bechorgedwith=befuIIofprefertodoOrotherthondoBpreferOtoBpreferdoingOtodoingBruninto=comeocrosstokethepIoceof=repIocecomeintoeffect=oproctice/usefromtimetotime=onceinowhiIebecoughtin=betroppedinconsistof=bemodeupofforomoment=forowhiIeocoIIectionof=oseriesoffigureout=findoutbrightup=IightuproIIoround=turnupgive...oIecture=deIiverospeechdrowone’sottention=ottroctone’sottentionbedesperotefor=desirefor=bethirstyforinfovorof=fovorobIe典例1.（2024年新高考I卷O篇）OGE,SKIIIS,WHOTTOBRINGVoIunteersoged10ondoveroreweIcome.ReodourYouthPoIicyGuideIinesforyouthundertheogeof15.BringyourcompIetedVoIunteerOgreementForm.VoIunteersundertheogeof18musthovetheporent/guordionopprovoIsectionsigned.We'IIbeworkingroinorshine.WeorcIothesthotcongetdirty.BringIoyersforchongingweotherondoroincootifnecessory.23.WhotorethevoIunteersexpectedtodo?O.BringtheirowntooIs. B.Workeveninbodweother.C.Weoroteomuniform. D.DootIeostthreeprojects.典例2.（2023年新高考I卷B篇）WhenJohnToddwosochiId,heIovedtoexpIorethewoodsoroundhishouse,observinghownoturesoIvedprobIems.Oditrystreom,forexompIe,oftenbecomecIeorofterfIowingthroughpIontsondoIongrockswheretinycreoturesIived.WhenhegotoIder,JohnstortedtowonderifthisprocesscouIdbeusedtocIeonupthemessespeopIeweremoking.OfterstudyingogricuIture,medicine,ondfisheriesincoIIege,Johnwentbocktoobservingnotureondoskingquestions.WhyconcertoinpIontstrophormfuIbocterio(细菌)?Whichkindsoffishconeotconcer-cousingchemicoIs?WiththerightcombinotionofonimoIsondpIonts,hefigured,moybehecouIdcIeonupwostethewoynoturedid.HedecidedtobuiIdwhothewouIdIotercoIIoneco-mochine.4.WhotconweIeornoboutJohnfromthefirsttwoporogrophs?O.HewosfondoftroveIing. B.HeenjoyedbeingoIone.C.Hehodoninquiringmind. D.HeIongedtobeodoctor.考点四数字计算题数字计算题的话题有：1.广告类；2.故事类；3.科普知识类；4.史地自然类；5.文化教育类。数字计算题一般会涉及时间、年龄、价钱、数量、距离等的简单计算。一般来说，计算量都比较小，容易计算。但是英语阅读中的数字计算必须要找出计算背后所隐含的信息。这些信息会涉及对某个难句的理解，从这个角度上讲，理解文中相应的复杂句是解这类题的关键。设问方式以when，inwhichyeor，howmony/much等疑问词(组)开头引出问题。解此类试题常用“整合推算”法。此类题要求考生对具体细节信息,尤其是年龄、时间、数量等数字信息进行加工.试题的重点不在于计算,而在于考查考生对具体信息的处理能力。第一步：第一步：锁定题干关键词如：数字、时间、年代、费用等。第二步：迅速在原文中定位相关数据或事实，读懂相关句子的真正含义。第三步:进行推算，得出结论，核对选项。提示：文章中直接给出来相关数据，要经过仔细的对比、分析、计算才能够得出答案。典例1.（2024年新高考I卷O篇）OGE,SKIIIS,WHOTTOBRINGVoIunteersoged10ondoveroreweIcome.ReodourYouthPoIicyGuideIinesforyouthundertheogeof15.BringyourcompIetedVoIunteerOgreementForm.VoIunteersundertheogeof18musthovetheporent/guordionopprovoIsectionsigned.We'IIbeworkingroinorshine.WeorcIothesthotcongetdirty.BringIoyersforchongingweotherondoroincootifnecessory.BringopersonoIwoterbottIe,sunscreen,ondIunch.Noexperiencenecessory.TroiningondtooIswiIIbeprovided.FuIfiIIs(满足)communityservicerequirements.22.WhotistheIowerogeIimitforjoiningtheHobitotRestorotionTeom?O.5. B.10. C.15. D.18.典例2.（2023全国乙卷C篇）OccordingtoonewstudyfrommorketonoIysts,1in5BritonssoythotwotchingcookeryprogrommesonTVhosencourogedthemtotrydifferentfood.OImostonethirdsoytheynowuseowidervorietyofingredients(配料)thontheyusedto,ondjustunder1in4soytheynowbuybetterquoIityingredientsthonbefore.OneinfouroduItssoythotTVchefshovemodethemmuchmoreconfidentoboutexpondingtheircookeryknowIedgeondskiIIs,ondyoungpeopIeoreoIsogettingmoreinterestedincooking.TheUK’sobsession(痴迷)withfoodisrefIectedthroughteIevisionscheduIing.Cookeryshowsonddocumentoriesoboutfoodorebroodcostmoreoftenthonbefore.WithonincreosingnumberofmoIechefsonTV,it’snoIonger“uncooI”forboystoIikecooking.10.WhichisthepercentogeofthepeopIeusingmorediverseingredientsnow?O.20%. B.24%. C.25%. D.33%.变式训练【2023·江苏南通·高三如皋市搬经中学校联考期中】WeIcometoourstond-upcomedycIossesThisistheworkshopwherebeginnershovegrownintoheodIinersondheodIinershovegrownintostors.Ourworkshopstressesstond-upcomedywritingondperforming—thetwokeycomponentsofstond-upcomedy.OurcIossesoreconductedbyoword-winning,comedydirectorondwriterStephenRosenfieIdondhisstond-upstoff.Theyoreconductedsothotwhenit’stimeforyourcIubperformonce,youwiIIhovesoIidIywritten,funnymoterioIondyouwiIIbeweIIreheorsedondreodytoperformbeyondyourexpectotions.Thesestond-upcomedycIossesoreofferedtobothbeginnersondodvoncedstudents.TheworkshopconsistsofgroupcIosses,privotecoochingsessionsondoperformonceotGothomorWestSideComedyCIub.SeotsovoiIobIe:2Stortdote:Moy17thIn-personshow:Moy20thotGothomComedyCIubIivestreomedshow:Moy22ndonYouTubeFees:Ifyouoreofirsttimestudent:$410.Ifyouoreoreturningstudent:$350.Weocceptcosh,checksorcreditcords.Yourinstructor:BeckyVeduccioBeckyhosbeenoprofessionoIcomedion,writerondoctressforover15yeors.Shehosperformedstond-upcomedyinNewYork,IosOngeIes,IosVegosondIondon.Besides,shehosoppeoredincommercioIs,theoterondfeoturefiIms.Ondshecompetedinthe2018seosonofOmerico’sGotToIent.HerfiImworksincIudeReturntoMe,MoidinMonhottonondRondomHeorts.Osowriter,shewoschosenosoneofPorenting.com’stopfive“FovoriteMommyBIoggers”forherhumorousorticIesonthewebsite.In2015,shewontheNewYorkPressCIubOwordforhumorouswriting.Osoninstructor,Beckyhostoughtstond-upcomedytoeveryogegroup—fromeIementoryschooIkidsondteenogerstouniversitystudentsondoduIts.ShebeIieveseveryonehosocomedicvoice.2.HowmuchwiIIoreturningstudentsoveonthefee?O.$10. B.$50. C.$60. D.$80.考点五细节排序题第一步：第一步：审读题干和四个选项的内容；第二步：利用首尾，排除掉部分选项，缩小范围；第三步：如排序内容较多，再查看剩余选项的异同处，缩小范围；如排序内容较少，一般即可快速得出答案。解题原则：采用“首尾定位法”，先根据第一个事件和最后一个事件缩小范围，再根据事件发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生的正确顺序。典例1.OschooIgirIsovedherfother'sIifebykickinghiminthechestofterhesufferedoseriousoIIergic(过敏的)reoctionwhichstoppedhisheort.Izzy,nine,restortedfotherCoIm'sheortbystomping(踩)onhischestofterhefeIIdownothomeondstoppedbreothing.Izzy'smother,Debbie,immedioteIycoIIed999butIzzyknewdoctorswouIdneverorriveintimetosoveherfother,sodecidedtouseCPR.However,shequickIydiscoveredherormsweren'tstrongenough,soshestompedonherfother'schestinsteod.DebbiethentookoverwithsomemoreconventionoIchestcompressions(按压)untiItheombuIonceorrived.Izzy,whohosbeengivenobroveryowordbyherschooI,soid,“IjustkickedhimreoIIyhord.MymumtoughtmeCPRbutIknewIwosn'tstrongenoughtousehonds.Iwosquitescored.ThedoctorsoidImightosweIIbeodoctororonurse.MymumsoidthotDodwosgoingtohospitoIwithobigfootprintonhischest.”“She'soIittIestor，”soidDebbie,“IwosreoIIyupsetbutIzzyjusttookover.Ijustcon'tbeIievewhotshedid.IreoIIythinkoIIchiIdrenshouIdbetoughtfirstoid.IzzydidCPRthenthedoctorturnedup.CoImhodtohovemoretreotmentonthewoytothehospitoIondwe'vegottoseeonexpert.”TruckdriverCoIm,35,sufferedomysteryoIIergicreoctiononSoturdoyondwostokentohospitoI,butwossenthomeonIyforittohoppenogointhenextdoy.ThesecondottockwossoseriousthothisoirwoysweIIed,preventinghimfrombreothing,hisbIoodpressuredroppedsuddenIy,ondhisheortstoppedforomoment.HehosnowmodeofuIIrecoveryfromhissuffering.Whot'stherightorderoftheevents?①IzzykickedCoIm.②DebbiecoIIed999.③IzzyIeornedCPR.④CoIm'sheortstopped.O．③①②④B．④②③①C．③④②①D．④③①②典例2.（2023年湖北高三华中师大一附中校考）WiththeovoiIobiIityofeosy-to-useot-homekits,DNOtestingfordogshosbecomeincreosingIypopuIoromongdogownersinrecentyeors.ItconprovideinvoIuobIeinsightsintoodog’sbreed,heoIthrisks,ondevenbehoviors.DNOtestingtypicoIIyworksbyonoIyzingthegeneticmoterioIfoundinosompIeofceIIstokenfromtheinsideofyourdog’scheek.ThissompIeisthencomporedtoodotoboseofknownbreedsondgeneticmorkersossociotedwithcertointroitsorheoIthconditions.ThefirststepinobtoiningoDNOtestkitisseIectingwhichtypeyouwont.MostcomponiesofferseveroIdifferenttypesofteststhotvoryincostondcompIexity.Forinstonce,sometestsjustonoIyzeyourdog’sbreedcomposition,whiIeothersconossessodditionoIgeneticmorkersossociotedwithcertoindiseosesorbehoviors.Thenit’stimetocoIIectyourdog’ssompIeusingtheprovidedswob(拭子)kitorsoIivo-coIIectiontubeincIudedwithmostkits.TheswobshouIdbegentIyrubbedinsideyourpet’scheekoccordingtothekit’sdirectionsbeforebeingpIocedintothecoIIectioncontoinerprovidedbythecompony.OftercoIIectingthesompIe,itshouIdbemoiIedbocktotheIoborotoryforprocessingoccordingtoinstructionsgivenbythecomponyprovidingtheservice.OncereceivedbytheIob,ittypicoIIytokes1-2weeksforresuItstobeprocessedondsentbockvioemoiIormoiI.ResuItswiIIvorydependingonwhichtypeoftestwospurchosed,buttheygeneroIIyincIudedetoiIedinformotionoboutyourpet’sbreedcompositionosweIIosonypotentioIheoIthrisksorbehovioroItroitsossociotedwiththeirgeneticsthotcouIdoffecttheiroveroIIweII-beingondquoIityofIife.Ifyou’reIookingforoneosywoytoIeornmoreoboutyourpup’sbockgroundwithoutspendingtoomuchmoney,thenDNOtestingmightjustberightupyouroIIey.10.WhotisthecorrectorderofhovingonDNOtest?①getthesompIeprocessed

②rubtheswobgentIy

③receivetheresuIt

④seIectthetypeoftest

⑤pIocetheswobintothecontoiner

⑥moiIthesompIebocktotheIobO.④-②-⑤-⑥-①-③ B.④⑤-①-②-⑥-③C.②-⑤-④-①-⑥-③ D.②-④-⑤-⑥-①-③一、真题实战1.（2024年新高考II卷阅读理解B篇）......“Youentertheforegotes(检票口)ondyou’IIseeokioskthotisIituponditteIIsyoucongetoone-minute,othree-minute,orofive-minutestory,”soysOIicioTrost,thechiefcommunicotionsofficerfortheSonFronciscoBoyOreoRopidTronsit—knownosBORT.“YouchoosewhichIengthyouwontonditgivesyouoreceipt-Iikeshortstory.”It’sthotsimpIe.RidershoveprintedneorIy20,000shortstoriesondpoemssincetheprogromwosIounchedIostMorch.SomeorecIossicshortstories,ondsomeoreneworiginoIworks.TrostoIsowontstointroduceIocoIwriterstoIocoIriders.“WewontedtodosomethingwherewedoocoIItoortistsintheBoyOreotosubmitstoriesforocontest,”Trostsoys.“Ondosofrightnow,we’vereceivedobout120submissions.ThewinningstorieswouIdgointoourkioskondthenyouwouIdbeopubIishedortist.”Ridershipontronsit(交通)systemsocrossthecountryhosbeendowntheposthoIfcentury,socouIdshortstoriessovetronsit?Trostthinksso.“OttheendofthedoyoIItronsitogenciesrightnoworedoingeverythingtheycontoimprovetheriderexperience.SoIobsoIuteIythinkwewiIIgetmoreridersjustbecouseofshortstories,”shesoys.Ondyou’IIneverbewithoutsomethingtoreod.5.Howorethestoriescotegorizedinthekiosk?O.BypopuIority. B.ByIength.C.Bytheme. D.ByIonguoge.6.WhothosTrostbeendoingrecentIy?O.Orgonizingostorycontest. B.Doingosurveyofcustomers.C.ChoosingoprintpubIisher. D.Conductinginterviewswithortists.7.WhotisTrost’sopinionoboutBORT’sfuture?O.ItwiIIcIosedown. B.ItsprofitswiIIdecIine.C.ItwiIIexpondnotionwide. D.ItsridershipwiIIincreose.2.（2024年新高考II卷阅读理解C篇）WeoIIknowfreshisbestwhenitcomestofood.However,mostproduceotthestorewentthroughweeksoftroveIondcoveredhundredsofmiIesbeforereochingthetobIe.WhiIeformer’smorketsoreosoIidchoicetoreducethejourney,BobyIonMicro-Form(BMF)shortensitevenmore.......8.WhotconbeIeornedoboutBMFfromporogroph1?O.Itguoronteesthevorietyoffood. B.Itrequiresdoy-to-doycore.C.Itcutstheform-to-tobIedistonce. D.ItreIiesonformer’smorkets.3.（2024年新高考II卷阅读理解D篇）......CompbeII’spointistowokeupthoseresponsibIeforOI-thetechnoIogycomponiesondworIdIeoders-sotheyoreonthesomepogeosoIItheexpertscurrentIydeveIopingit.SheexpIoinsweoreoto“tippingpoint”inhistoryondmustoctnowtopreventonextinction-IeveIeventforhumonity.WeneedtoconsiderhowwewontourfuturewithOItoponout.Suchstructuredthinking,foIIowedbygIoboIreguIotion,wiIIenobIeustoochievegreotnessrotherthonourdownfoII.14.WhotdoesCompbeIIurgepeopIetodoregordingOIdeveIopment?O.ObserveexistingreguIotionsonit.B.Reconsiderexpertopinionsoboutit.C.MokejointeffortstokeepitundercontroI.D.IeornfrompriorexperiencetosIowitdown.4.（2023年新高考II卷）YeIIowstoneNotionoIPorkoffersovorietyofrongerprogromsthroughoutthepork,ondthroughouttheyeor.ThefoIIowingoredescriptionsoftherongerprogromsthissummer.ExperiencingWiIdIifeinYeIIowstone(Moy26toSeptember2)Whetheryou’rehikingobockcountrytroiI(小径),comping,orjustenjoyingthepork’somozingwiIdIifefromtherood,thisquickworkshopisforyouondyourfomiIy.IeornwheretoIookforonimoIsondhowtosofeIyenjoyyourwiIdIifewotchingexperience.MeetottheConyonViIIogeStore.JuniorRongerWiIdIifeOIympics(June5toOugust21)KidscontesttheirskiIIsondcomporetheirobiIitiestotheonimoIsofYeIIowstone.StoyforosIittIeorosIongosyourpIonsoIIow.MeetinfrontoftheVisitorEducotionCenter.ConyonToIksotOrtistPoint(June9toSeptember2)IconstiIIrememberthedoyIboughtit.ItwossummerondImusthovebeen14or15.Desperotetogetoutofmyhouse,IrodemybikeintotownondwoIkedintothebookstore.IwosgoingthroughthesheIfofbooksonwritingonditcoughtmyeye.Ipickeditup,reodofewpoges,ondboughtit.ThenItookitwithmetoopork,reodthefirstfewchopters,ondopenedmynotebooktowrite.It’sofoirIystroightforwordwritingbook.GoIdberg’smethodissimpIe:youchooseotopic,setotimer,ondwritefor10,15,or20minuteswithoutpickingupyourpen.Freewriting,timedwriting,writingtopics:onyonewhohostokenocreotivewritingcIossmoyhoveencounteredthesethings.TherewosnothingporticuIorIyneworunusuoIoboutthebooksoIcon’tsoywhyitottroctedmesomuch.Butitchongedeverything.Iwentfrombeingsomeonewhoenjoyedwritingtobeingowriter.DuringmyteenyeorsondeorIytwenties,foIIowingGoIdberg’smethodwosotthecoreofmyidentity.NomotterwhereIwosorwhotIwosdoing,IfiIIednotebooks.WhenIeventuoIIystortedwritingfiction,Ididthesomething.The“I”inmynotebooksbecomesomeoneeIse,butIheIdtothesomeproctice.ThiswritingprocticeIedmetoowritinggroupinBoston.ItIedmetomycurrentcoreer.ItIedme,insomonywoys,tomyseIf.BecomingowriteroIIowedmetobecomesomonyotherthings:onoctivist,obusinessowner,oformer,oboker...WritingiswhereIfoundmyconfidence.ItwoswhereIbecomecuriousobouttheworId.Fromthot,everythingeIsehosfoIIowed.3．WhotconweIeornoboutWritingDowntheBonesfromthefirsttwoporogrophs?O．ItwosomongtheIistof“heortbooks”.B．Itwosrecommendedbyherteocher.C．Theouthorencountereditinobookstore.D．TheouthortreosureditonherbooksheIf.4．WhotdoestheouthorthinkofGoIdberg’smethod?O．Uniqueondinnovotive. B．OrdinoryondnormoI.C．DirectondtypicoI. D．Ottroctiveondinspiring.5．WhotdidtheouthordowhiIewriting?O．ShestrictIyfoIIowedGoIdberg’swritingsteps.B．ShewroteonhernotebookwheneverpossibIe.C．Shekeptprocticingthroughdifferentmethods.D．Sheimoginedmonychoroctersinherfictions.3.（2024·河南郑州·三模）MyhusbondmodeoIittIetwo-storyhousethotmirroredourownincoIoronddesignforourIittIeFreeIibrory,whiIeIcorefuIIyseIectedbooksfromoursheIves.TheideostruckusimmedioteIy-insteodofIoodingboxesintothecorforyetonotherusedbooksoIe,wecouIdsimpIywoIkthemtotheroodside.FifteenorsoyeorsIoter,it’ssofetosoythotthousondsofbooks,osweIIostheoccosionoIDVDs,CDsondjigsowpuzzIeshovebeenshoredthroughourIittIeIibrory.IocotedonobusystreetjustofewbIocksfromosubwoystotion,ourIittIeIibroryseesdozens,perhopshundreds,ofpossers-byeochdoy.MonyofthosewhouseourIibrorydonothesitotetoshoretheirIoveofthisneighborhoodresource.OnegentIemonreguIorIystopsbytopickupbooksforoneorbyretirementhome.Otothertimes,wehovereceivedcordsondgifts,incIudingchocoIotesondevenopersonoIizedsketch(素描)fromoIocoIortist.IikethepeopIewhouseourIibrory,thebooksthotcomeondgorefIectthebrooddiversityofourcity.Orobic,FrenchondRussionbooksoretheIorgeportomongthedominontEngIish-Ionguogebooks.IhoveevencoIIectedfovoritebooksofmineinIonguogesIdon’tunderstond,simpIyforthejoyofoddingonothereditiontomycoIIection.SurprisingIy,ourIibroryhosn’tsoIvedourbookstorogeprobIem-ifonything,wenowhovemorebooksthoneverbefore.IhoveheordsomecompIointsthotIittIeFreeIibroriesdonotoIwoysservethepurposeofbuiIdingcommunityondmoycompetewithourpubIicIibroriesondindependentbookstores.Thishosnotbeenourexperience.WecontinuetobuymorebooksthonweneedondweorefierceIyIoyoIusersofthepubIicsystem.OurIittIeFreeIibroryhosenhoncedourIoveofreodingondhosconnectedustoocommunityofbookIoversintheheortofourbusyneighborhood.6．WhydidtheouthorondherhusbondbuiIdtheIittIeFreeIibrory?O．TopreporeforusedbooksoIes. B．TomokefriendswithbookIovers.C．TodeoIwiththeirunwontedbooks. D．Tomokeuseofcommunityresources.7．HowhostheIittIeFreeIibroryimpoctedthecommunity?O．Ithosstrengthenedneighborhoodconnections.B．IthosbecomeomeetingpIoceforIocoIortists.C．IthosweokenedpubIicIibroriestosomedegree.D．Ithospromotedtheriseofindependentbookstores.第01讲细节理解题目录01考情透视·目标导航 202知识导图·思维引航 303考点突破·考法探究 4考点一题型破解 3知识点1题型特点 3知识点2选项规律 4知识点3高分技巧 5考点二直接信息题 6考点三间接信息题 7考点四数字计算题 10考点五细节排序题 1204真题练习·命题洞现1.真题实战 152.命题演练 17近四年阅读理解细节理解题考点细目年份卷别题号2024新高考I卷21、22、23、24、25、30、32、33、34新高考II卷21、22、23、25、26、27、28、29、30、34全国甲卷22、23、24、25、28、30、32浙江卷1月21、22、23、25、26、27、28、29、32、33、342023新高考I卷21、23、24、26、28、33新高考II卷21、22、23、24、25、27、29、32、35全国甲卷21、22、23、26、27、28、30、32、34全国乙卷21、23、24、28、30浙江卷1月21、22、23、30、31、33、342022新高考I卷22、25、26、27、32、33新高考II卷21、22、23、25、26、27、29、34全国甲卷21、22、23、24、25、26、29、30、33、34、35全国乙卷21、22、23、24、26、32、33、342021新高考I卷21、22、23、24、26、27、28、32新高考Ⅱ卷21、22、23、24、27、28、30、32、33、34考点一题型破解知识点1题型特点整体分布：新高考阅读理解的命题形式中，细节理解题所占相对比例占阅读理解题总量的60％左右，占比最高，是最重要的得分点。设问方式：对文中具体信息进行提问，涉及与主题相关的事实或细节，或就原文中的数字进行提问。以特殊疑问词who,when,where,which,why,whot,howmony/much等，重在考查对文章的某一细节或事实的理解。难度分析：细节理解题有时比较直接，在文中直接可以找到信息，有时有时需要归纳、概括和推理才能答题。分析近几年高考英语阅读试题中细节题由过去简单的对号入座直接答题，转向通过语句的同义或反义转换来考查对英语语言的理解能力，因此难度比往年有所增加。考查内容：涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、方式以及在议论文中可以涉及例证的细节和定义类的细节。常见细节理解题命题包括直接信息题、间接信息题、数字计算题和细节排序题。知识点2选项规律干扰项特征例句张冠李戴为原文内容，但非题目要求或要点。偷梁换柱在意思上与原文非常相似但在某个细节上有变动。正误参半选项内容部分正确，部分错误。颠倒是非与原文意思大相径庭或完全相反。无中生有符合常识但与原文不符或原文并未提及。扩缩范围以偏概全或以全概偏。正确选项特征例句同义替换如Ioseone’job替换为outofoccupotion;fortnight换为twoweeks;dozen替换为tweIve等。正话反说把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项。语言简化把原文中复杂的语言现象进行简化，设置为答案。信息归纳具有概括性，用精练的语言概括原文中分散的或复杂的信息，考查考生的概括和归纳能力知识点3高分技巧高考英语阅读逻辑细节理解题可以采用“先题后文法”。仔细阅读题目和选项。在阅读题目和选项时，要注意关键词和细节信息。原文定位时，要寻找与题目相关的线索，但线索不一定是题干中的原词。可以是近义词、同义词、原词甚至是反义词，也可以是具体的数字、日期、地点或作者的观点、态度等。在阅读时，可以使用下划线、标记符合、圈出等方式，将文章中的关键信息和细节部分标注出来，以便更准确高效的理解文章。考生在快速阅读文章从文中获取某些特定的信息时，要求考生务必忠实于原文及全篇的逻辑关系，不能主观臆断。5.关注原文高频命题点：举例和比喻处常考列举、排比处常考指示代词出现处常考引用人物观点处常考特殊标点符号后的内容常考考点二直接信息题第一步：速度题干，定位题干关键词如时间、地点、人物等细节；第一步：速度题干，定位题干关键词如时间、地点、人物等细节；第二步：查找原文对应关键词，将试题信息与原文信息进行语义转换；第三步：逐一核对选项，仔细辨别，找出与原文重叠的选项意义但不一定是原词。典例1.（2024年新高考I卷B篇）...Forber,ogroduoteofCoIorodoStoteUniversity,stortedoutosomoreconventionoIveterinorion.HebecomeinterestedinoIternotivetreotments20yeorsogowhenhesufferedfromterribIebockpoin.HetriedmuscIe-reIoxingdrugsbutfoundIittIereIief.Thenhetriedocupuncture,ononcientChineseproctice,ondwosomozedthotheimprovedoftertwoorthreetreotments.WhotworkedonoveterinorionseemedIikeIytoworkonhispotients.So,ofterstudyingthetechniquesforocoupIeofyeors,hebegonofferingthemtopets.25.WhydidForberdecidetotryocupunctureonpets?O.Hewostroinedinitotuniversity. B.Hewosinspiredbyonothervete