2024-2025学年新教材高中英语Unit4SpaceExplorationSectionⅣ写作指导学案含解析新人教版必修第三册

PAGEUnit4SpaceExplorationSectionⅣ写作指导写作方法指导如何写争论文写作指导争论文通过争论或说理来表达作者见解和主见。作者对某一问题持有一种看法，为了使读者同意自己的看法，提出若干理由，企图劝服他人。中学英语争论文的写作要留意以下几点：1．论点要显明、准确，一篇争论文只能有一个中心论点，论点一般在开头提出，然后加以论证。2．论据要充分、牢靠。一般是以事实为论据，也可以利用成语、格言、名人名言作为论据。3．论证要严密、得法。归纳法和演绎法是争论文常用的论证方法。归纳法以例子为基础，从几个例子和现象中，归纳出某种道理和看法。演绎法以一个或多个看法为基础，从一般论断，演绎到不同事例，再加以论述，最终再回到一般论断上来。【常用表达】第一部分，套用相关句型来引出争论。1．Recently,ourclasshavehadaheateddiscussionaboutwhether...2．Theseyears,somestudentsareinterestedin...3．Now,somepeopleholdtheviewthat...4．I’mwritingtotellyouaboutthediscussionwehavehadabout...5．Therearetwoopinionsonit.6．Opinionsaredividedonthequestion.其次部分，采纳关联词和句型列举事实依据，采纳正反对比或归纳推理的方法，证明所持观点的正确性及表明其所持的看法。1．Besides/Inaddition/Apartfromit/What’smore/Aboveall...2．Forexample.../Thereare...suchas...andsoon.3．Ononehand...ontheotherhand...4．First...Second...Third...5．Onthecontrary/However/While.../But...6．Atthesametime,weshould...7．If...Ibelievewewill...8．Aswesee/Asweallknow/AsfarasIknow，...9．Ofallstudents,40%ofthemthink...butothersdonotagree.10．Somepeoplebelievethat...butotherssay/considerthat...11．Somestudentsarefortheidea/areinfavorofit/agreewithit,while/but/howeverothersareagainstit/disagreewithit.第三部分，引用表示因果关系的关联词语、总结性的语句强调和重申提出的观点，或者引用某些特定的短语和句型来揭示观点、礼貌地征求对方的建议。1．Inaword，/Inshort，.../Inbrief，...2．Asaresult，.../Therefore，...3．Nodoubtdoingsomethingis.../Thereisnodoubtthat...4．Soinaword,weshould...onlyinthiswaycanwe...5．Generallyspeaking,moststudentsthinkweshould...6．Infact/Asamatteroffact,wecan...7．So,forsomething,Isuggestthatweshoulddo...8．Inmyopinion,Ithink...9．Ihavemyownviewaboutit,andIthink...10．Personally,Ibelieveitis...11．Now,wereallydon’tknowwhattodoaboutit.Couldyoutellussomegoodadviceandhelpusout?【写作模板】(一)不同观点列举型(选择型)Thereisawidespreadconcernovertheissuethat(作文题目)____.Butitiswellknownthattheopinionconcerningthishottopicvariesfrompersontoperson.Amajorityofpeoplethinkthat(观点一)____.Intheirviewstherearetwofactorscontributingtothisattitudeasfollows:inthefirstplace,(缘由一)____.Furthermore,inthesecondplace,(缘由二)____.Soitgoeswithoutsayingthat(观点一)____.People,however,differintheiropinionsonthismatter.Somepeopleholdtheideathat(观点二)____.Intheirpointofview,ontheonehand,(缘由一)____.Ontheotherhand,(缘由二)____.Therefore,thereisnodoubtthat(观点二)____.AsfarasIamconcerned,Ifirmlysupporttheviewthat(观点一或二)____.Itisnotonlybecause____，butalsobecause____.Themore____，themore____.(二)利弊型的争论文Nowadays,thereisawidespreadconcernover(theissuethat)(作文题目)____.Infact,therearebothadvantagesanddisadvantagesin(题目议题)____.Generallyspeaking,itiswidelybelievedthereareseveralpositiveaspectsasfollows.Firstly,(优点一)____.Andsecondly(优点二)____.Justasapopularsayinggoes,“everycoinhastwosides”，(探讨议题)____isnoexception,andinotherwords,itstillhasnegativeaspects.Tobeginwith,(缺点一)____.Inaddition,(缺点二)____.Tosumup,weshouldtrytobringtheadvantagesof(探讨议题)____intofullplay,andreducethedisadvantagestotheminimumatthesametime.Inthatcase,wewilldefinitelymakeabetteruseofthe(探讨议题)____.(三)答题性争论文Currently,thereisawidespreadconcernover(theissuethat)(作文题目)____.Itisreallyanimportantconcerntoeveryoneofus.Asaresult,wemustsparenoeffortstotakesomemeasurestosolvethisproblem.Asweknow,therearemanystepswhichcanbetakentoundothisproblem.Firstofall,(途径一)____.Inaddition,anotherwaycontributingtosuccessofsolvingtheproblemis(途径二)____.Aboveall,tosolvetheproblemof(作文题目)____，weshouldfindanumberofvariousways.ButasfarasIamconcerned,Iwouldprefertosolvetheprobleminthisway,thatistosay(方法)____.(四)谚语警句性争论文Itiswellknowntousthattheproverb“(谚语)____”hasaprofoundsignificanceandvaluenotonlyinourjobbutalsoinourstudy.Itmeans(谚语的含义)____.Thesayingcanbeillustratedthroughaseriesofexamplesasfollows.Acaseinpointis(例子)____.Therefore,itgoeswithoutsayingthatitisofgreatimportancetopracticetheproverb(谚语)____.WiththerapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyinChina,anincreasingnumberofpeoplecometorealizethatitisalsoofpracticalusetosticktothesaying:(谚语)____.Themoreweareawareofthesignificanceofthisfamoussaying,themorebenefitswewillgetinourdailystudyandjob.精品展示近年来，学生越来越广泛地运用电子词典，这既给学生带来了便利，也给学生带来了一些负面影响。请你依据以下要求写一篇英语短文：1．电子词典的优点；2．电子词典的缺点；3．你的观点和结论。留意：词数80左右。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【审题谋篇】第一步明确要求该写作属于利弊型的争论文，故以第三人称为主；时态以一般现在时为主。其次步确定段落本文应当至少分四段：Para.1提出话题；Para.2运用电子词典的好处；Para.3运用电子词典的坏处；Para.4你的观点和结论。第三步提炼要点1．Thediscussionaboutelectronicdictionarieshasneverstoppedinthepastfewyears.近几年来，关于电子词典的探讨从未停止过。2．Anelectronicdictionaryhaslotsofadvantages.电子词典有很多优点。3．Thenegativeeffectsofanelectronicdictionaryarealsoobvious.电子词典的负面影响也很明显。4．Itcanbemosthelpfultousinmanyrespectssolongaswecanmakeproperuseofit.只要我们能适当地利用它，它在很多方面对我们都会很有帮助。第四步句式升级1．电子词典有很多优点，最大的优点就是它的便利。(一般表达)Anelectronicdictionaryhaslotsofadvantages.Thebiggestisitsconvenience.(高级表达)Anelectronicdictionaryhaslotsofadvantages,__ofwhich__thebiggestisitsconvenience.2．现在，我们可以清晰地看到，电子词典本身并不是有益或有害的。(一般表达)Now,wecanseethatanelectronicdictionaryisnotbeneficialorharmfulinitself.(高级表达)Now,wecanseeitclearlythatanelectronicdictionaryis__neitherbeneficialnorharmful__initself.参考范文：Thediscussionaboutelectronicdictionarieshasneverstoppedinthepastfewyears.Anelectronicdictionaryhaslotsofadvantages,ofwhichthebiggestisitsconvenience.What’smore,theycanpronouncethewordsclearly.Lastbutnotleast,moreandmorestudentscanaffordthem.However,thenegativeeffectsarealsoobvious.Tobeginwith,somestudentsrelytoomuchonthem.Inthesecondplace,someexplanationsarenotsoaccurate.Now,wecanseeitclearlythatanelectronicdictionaryisneitherbeneficialnorharmfulinitself.Thekeyliesintheusers—solongaswecanmakeproperuseofit,itcanbemosthelpfultousinmanyrespects.亮点点评：本文结构严谨。首段提出一个长时间争辩的话题；其次段中指出该事物的优点；第三段阐述缺点；第四段首句下结论，表明此事物本身无对错，其次句指出关键在于运用者，即假如合理运用，就会从中受益。文章的论点和结论清晰明白，论据充分有力。在文字的运用上，本文词汇丰富，连接顺畅而不乏高级词汇。例如afford，relytoomuchon和lastbutnotleast等的运用，恰当而有力。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即学即练暑假即将来临。你班同学探讨了假期安排，提出不同看法，请依据提示写一篇有关探讨的英语短文，并谈谈你的看法。优点缺点待在家中花费少、舒适便利不能亲身了解外界外出旅游增长学问、开阔眼界花费多、旅途不便留意：1.词数80左右(不含已写好的部分)；2．短文必需包括表中所列要点，可依据内容分段表述；3．可适当增加细微环节，以使行文连贯。参考词汇：眼界horizon(或view)Thesummerholidayiscoming.Ourclasshavehadadiscussionaboutwhattododuringtheholiday._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________