专题02中考动词短语被动语态考点-2023年江苏省中考英语二轮复习基础知识高分题型练练练

专题02中考动词短语&被动语态考点中考动词短语辨析（一）giveup放弃 giveaway捐赠，泄露 giveout 分发(handout) （二）putout 扑灭 putin 安装 putaway 把…收起来putup 张贴；举起；搭建，建造 puton 穿；增加体重；上演戏剧（三）breakout 爆发breakinto 强行闯入 breakdown 出故障（四）getup 起床 geton 上车getoff 下车 getaway 离开，逃离（runaway）getreadyfor 为…做好准备 （五）turnon 打开 turnoff 关闭turnup 调高音量 turndown 调低音量turnout 结果是，证明是 turnaround 转过身turninto 转变成 （六）takeoff 脱下衣服；飞机起飞 takeaway 拿走takeup 占据（时间/空间） （七）stayup 熬夜 stayout 留在户外，不在家（八）dependon 依靠，取决于 liveon 以…为生takeon 承担，接受（挑战等） carryon(with) 继续做tryon 试穿 （九）leavefor 动身前往… payfor 付钱买standfor 代表（represent） tryoutfor 参加…选拔cheerfor 为…欢呼 （十）leadto(doing) 导致 lookforwardto(doing) 期待devote(oneself)to(doing)致力于 payattentionto(doing) 注意到（十一）knockoff 撞倒 showoff 炫耀letoff/setoff 燃放（烟花） （十二）pickup 捡起；开车接某人 wakeup 叫醒某人；醒来makeup 编造，组成；化妆 setup 建立dressup 打扮 eatup 吃光useup 用光 cheerup 使…振作（十三）consistof 由…组成(bemadeupof) insteadof 代替，而不是befullof 充满（befilledwith） hearof(about) 听说(hearfrom收到来信)thinkof 想起 （十四）belongto 属于（后接宾格） （十五）bestrictwithsb.（insth.）对某人/事严厉 besatisfiedwith 对…满意bechargedwith 被控告 eupwith 想出catchupwith 赶上 deal/dowith 处理sharesth.withsb. 与某人分享… getalong/onwithsb. 与…相处makefriendswithsb. 与…交朋友 （十六）lookout 小心 betiredout 筋疲力尽carryout 进行，执行 findout 找出runout 用完，耗尽 workout 算出；解决（solve） （十七）passaway去世 passon 传递passby 经过 （十八）lookafter 照顾（takecareof） lookthrough 浏览lookout 小心lookoutof 从…往外看lookinto 调查 lookup查阅…lookat 看… lookfor寻找 巩固练习：1.Hechosetostudyinajuniorschoolnearhishome.It__________tobeawisedecision.（常州） A.putout B.puton C.turnedout D.turnedon答案：C2.—Honey,eandhelpme_____thepictureofballoonsfromthemagazine.—OK,Granny.I’ming.（淮安）A.carryoutB.workoutC.cutoutD.handout答案：C3.—IgotfirstplaceintheEnglishpetitionagain.—Peter!Youare_________again.（徐州） A.givingoff B.puttingoff C.takingoff D.showingoff答案：D4.UNICEFwas_________inl946toimprovechildren'slivesafterWorldWarII.（宿迁） A.givenup B.putup C.setup D.gotup答案：C5.April15wasasaddayforFrance.Alargefire__________attheCathedralofNotreDame.（连云港） A.brokeout B.carriedout C.gaveout D.ranout答案：A6.TinaestoChinainordertoexperienceChinesecultureand_____whichuniversityisthebestforhertoattend．（南京）A．putout B．stayout C．findout D．runout答案：C7.Wouldyouplease____________thelight?Ican'tsleepwellwithiton.（苏州）A.turnonB.turnoff C.turnto D.turnaround答案：A8.Thesenewtypesofenergycostverylittleandwillnever______.A.lookoutB.eoutC.runoutD.stayout答案：C9.—I’msorrytoonyou,butthereareoneortwothingsIdon’tunderstand.—Itdoesn’tmatter.A.cutdownB.cutoutC.cutinD.cutoff答案：C10.Howisourgovernmentgoingtodealwiththeofficebuilding?Itwillbe_____alibrary.A.turnedoffB.turnedonC.turnedoutD.turnedinto答案：D11.Thekingdidn’ttakeanynoticeofthenoiseinthecrowdand__________withtheparade.A.carryon B.carryout C.carriedon D.carriedout答案：C12.—LittleJennylooksunhappytoday.—Don’tworry.Aboxofchocolateswillher.A.give...upB.wake...upC.cheer...upD.pick...up答案：C13.Ilookstupidwiththishaircut.Allmyclassmateswill

me.A.laughatB.agreewithC.dependonD.worryabout答案：A14.—I’msorrytoonyou,butthereareoneortwothingsIdon’tunderstand.—Itdoesn’tmatter.A．cutdown B．cutout C．cutin D．cutoff答案：C15.—Simonfailedtheexamagain.—That’snotsurprising.putergames_____toomuchofhistime.A.takeinB.takeonC.takeoffD.takeup答案：D16.Weshouldstopfireworkstoreducepollution.A.gettingoffB.turningoffC.takingoffD.settingoff答案：D被动语态高频考点一常见时态的被动语态1．一般现在时：am/is/are＋done如：ItismadeinChina它是中国制造的。2．一般过去时：was/were＋done如：Thebridgewasbuiltin1980.这座桥建于1980年。3．一般将来时：will＋be＋done如：Shewillbetrainedbyherfather.她将受训于她爸爸。4．情态动词：情态动词＋be＋done如：Workmustbedoneintwodays.工作必须在两天之内完成。5．现在完成时：have/has＋been＋done如：Theroomhasbeencleaned.房间已经被打扫干净了。高频考点二语态用法的难点1．某些动词形式是主动语态，但含有被动的意思。如：Thisdictionarysellswell.这种字典销售得很好。Thewoolensweatercosts$88.这件羊毛衫卖88美元。Thatcarneedsrepairing.＝Thatcarneedstoberepaired.那辆车需要修理。Thesouptastesdelicious.这汤尝起来味道很好。2．主动语态中有些动词，如：make，see，listen，watch，feel后常跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，变为被动语态要带上to。如：Hemadetheboyworkforhim.＝Theboywasmadetoworkforhim.这男孩被迫为他工作。3．动词短语变成被动短语时，动词短语后面的介词或副词不能省略。Thebabywaslookedafterbyhersister.这婴儿由她姐姐照顾。Hisplanwaslaughedatbyeveryone.大家都嘲笑他的计划。4．形容词cheap，fortable，dangerous，important，interesting，nice等接不定式做状语时，不定式的主动形式表被动意义。Abicycleischeaptorun.使用自行车是很经济的。Thisquestionisdifficulttoanswer.这个问题很难回答。三、被动语态的注意事项1.只有及物动词有被动语态，不及物动词(词组)如happen，takeplace，appear，disappear等和连系动词look，feel，sound，smell，get，turn等没有被动语态。Whathappenedtoher?她发生了什么事?Youlookgood.你看起来不错。2.有些动词常用被动语态。如:HewasborninNanjing.他生于南京。ThismobilephonewasmadeinChina.这部是中国制造的。3.有些不及物动词，常用主动语态，和well，easily等副词连用，含有被动意义。如：read，write，draw，sell，wash，cook，clean等。Thebookssellwell.这此书很畅销。Thepenwritessmoothly.这支笔写起来很顺滑。4.在感官动词see，hear，watch，notice等和使役动词let，make，have等的主动语态句式中，动词不定式的to常省去，但在被动语态中要加to。如:Theteachermadehimretellthestory.Hewasmadetoretellthestory(bytheteacher).老师让他复述这个故事。5.主动语态中若有双宾语，变为被动语态时，两个宾语都可以改为被动语态的主语；通常情况下是把主动语态中的间接宾语(sb.)改为被动语态的主语；如果把直接宾语(sth.)改为被动语态的主语，间接宾语(sb.)前要加上相应的介词to或for。如:Fathergavemeabook.=AbookwasgiventomebyFather.一IwasgivenabookbyFather.父亲送我一本书。巩固练习：单项选择()1.Astimegoeson,myidea_______tobetrueoneday.A.willproveB.willbeprovedC.isprovedD.isgoingtobeproved【答案】B【解析】考察被动语态的时态。根据时间状语确定是将来时，主语和谓语之间是动宾()2.Youmaygofishingifyourwork___________.A.isdoneB.willbedoneC.hasdoneD.havedone【答案】A【解析】考察被动语态的时态。If的主将从现，work和谓语之间动宾。()3.—It’stimetodoyourhomework,Jack.

—Yes,Mum.I’llturnofftheTVassoonastheprogramme__________.A.endsB.endC.willbeendedD.willend【答案】A【解析】考察被动语态的时态。Asssonas主将从现，end无被动。()4.Whenshallwegotowatchthebasketballmatchinthesportscentre?________tomorrow.A.UntiltheworkwillbedoneB.UntiltheworkisdoneC.NotuntiltheworkwillbedoneD.Notuntiltheworkisdone【答案】D【解析】考察被动语态的时态。Notuntil引导的从句用一般现在时，work和do之间动宾。()5.AtalkonChinesehistory_____intheschoolhallnextweek.A.isgivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenD.Gives【答案】C【解析】考察被动语态的时态。根据时间状语确定将来时。Atalk和give之间动宾。()6.Astory_____byGrannyyesterday.A.wastoldusB.wastoldtousC.istoldusD.toldus【答案】B【解析】考察被动语态的时态。根据时间状语是过去式，考察tellsbsth或者tellsthtosb宾语提前用被动。()7.Olderpeople____well.A.looksafterB.mustbelookedafterC.mustlookafterD.lookedafter【答案】B【解析】考察被动语态的时态。人们和照顾之间动宾。根据句意是情态动词的被动语态。()8.Theschoolbag___behindthechair.A.putsB.canbeputC.canbeputtedD.canput【答案】B【解析】考察被动语态的时态。主语和put之间动宾，根据句意是有情态动词引导。()9.Greatchanges_________inmyhometownandalotoffactories_________.A.havebeentakenplace;arebeingbuiltB.havetakenplace;havebeenbuiltC.aretakenplace;havebuiltD.tookplace;willbebuilt【答案】B【解析】takeplace无被动，根据句意发生在过去，对现在造成了影响。后半句的工厂和build之间是动宾。()10.Thecakesintherestaurant__________,sothey_______well.A.aretastedbetter;aresoldB.aretastedwell;sellC.tasteterrible;aresoldD.tastenice;sell【答案】D【解析】感官动词无被动，畅销表示属性无被动。用括号内所给所给动词的正确形式填空。1.Canfood__________(keep)properlyinafridgeatanunsuitabletemperature?【答案】bekept【解析】考察动词的时态和语态。食物和keep之间动宾，有情态动词引导。2.Theroom__________(use)asourkitcheninthefuture.【答案】willbeused【解析】考察动词的时态和语态。根据时间状语确定将来时，room和use动宾。3.Usually,thethunder________(hear)afterthelightening.【答案】isheard【解析】考察动词的时态和语态。根据usually确定一般现在时。雷是被听到。所以是动宾关系。4.Intheolddaystheworkingpeopleinourcountry_________(look)downon.【答案】werelooked【解析】考察动词的时态和语态。根据时间状语确定过去式，人们和lookdownon之间动宾。5.Hewatchedtheresultofthetestandthen_________(draw)aconclusion.【答案】drew【解析】考察动词的时态和语态。一般过去时的确定，and前