专题03 动词不定式（原卷版）

专题03动词不定式TOC\o"1-3"\h\u核心考点聚焦 1考点一：动词不定式基础 1考点二：动词不定式的功能进阶版（中考难度） 21.不定式结构作主语 22.不定式结构作表语 33.不定式结构作动词宾语(见表格附录) 34.不定式结构作定语 45.不定式结构作状语 46.不定式结构作宾语补足语 5当堂限时检测 7课后提升专练 9核心考点聚焦考点一：动词不定式基础1.1.动词不定式的形式:基本形式为“to+动词原形”，否定形式为“notto+动词原形”。例It'simportantnottobelateforclass.上课不迟到是非常重要的。1.2.动词不定式的功能（1)动词不定式作状语。作状语时，一般在句中作目的状语、结果状语和原因状语。例WeneedmoremoneytoimprovetransportinLondon.我们需要更多的钱来改善伦敦的交通状况。（2)动词不定式作主语。常用it作形式主语，真正作主语的不定式后置。常用句型为“Itis+adj.+(of/forsb.)todosth.”。例It'snoteasytofindyourwayaroundthetown.在这个小镇上要找到路很不容易。（3)动词不定式作宾语。常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：wouldlike/wantto想要agreeto同意affordto负担得起hope/wishto希望decideto决定promiseto承诺continueto继续expectto期望refuseto拒绝（4)动词不定式作宾语补足语。常接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词：tellsb.todosth.告诉某人做某事warnsb.todosth.警告某人做某事invitesb.todosth.邀请某人做某事allowsb.todosth.允许某人做某事expectsb.todosth.期望某人做某事advisesb.todosth.建议某人做某事（5)动词不定式作定语。作定语时常放在修饰词后，作后置定语。例Ican'tthinkofanygoodadvicetogiveher.我想不出任何好的建议给她。（6)动词不定式作表语。常放于be动词后。例Myjobistolookafterthebaby.我的工作是照顾这个婴儿。1.3.“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构动词不定式可以与疑问代词who,whom,what,which,whose及疑问副词when,where,how等连用，构成不定式短语，在句中作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、同位语等。Ididn'tknowhowtogetbacktothevillage.我不知道怎样回到村子。1.4.常见省略to的动词不定式结构hadbetterdosth.最好做某事wouldratherdosth.宁愿做某事cannotbutdosth.只好做某事Why(not)dosth.?为什么（不）做某事？考点二：动词不定式的功能进阶版（中考难度）1.不定式结构作主语Toseeistobelieve.Itisbettertoseesomethingoncethantohearaboutitahundredtimes.百闻不如一见。a.在很多情况下，特别是在口语中，常采用先行it代替主语，而把不定式后置：It’sagreatpleasuretobehere.Itisnotaneasythingtomasteralanguage.★区分用法★1)直接用不定式做主语的句子显得更加正式。2)如主语和表语都是todo，则只能采用第一种形式。对敌人仁慈就是对人民残忍。To

be

kind

to

the

enemy

is

to

be

cruel

to

the

people.3)如是疑问句或感叹句，则只能采用第二种形式。如：What

is

it

like

to

be

there?What

a

joy

it

was

to

read

Barak’s

book!b.用Itis+形容词作表语时，由于逻辑主语不同导致的for和of的区别。forsb.句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如：difficult,interesting,easy,impossible等。.ofsb.句型中的形容词一般为表示性格、品德、心智能力，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如：good,kind,nice,clever,foolish等。★小试身手★Tobefondofdancingwasacertainsteptowardsfallinginlove.喜欢跳舞是谈情说爱的一个步骤。对他来说，学两门外语是很困难的。It’sverydifficultforhimtolearntwolanguages.你能这么说很有礼貌。It’sverypoliteofyoutosayso.2.不定式结构作表语主语和表语都是不定式（其含义往往一是条件，一是结果），如：Tobekindtotheenemyistobecrueltothepeople.Todothatwouldbetocutthefoottofittheshoe.那样做无疑是削足适履。3.不定式结构作动词宾语(见表格附录)4.不定式结构作定语用法例句及物动词todo出现在名词后面。动宾关系Healwayshasalotofmeetingstoattend.Haveyougotanythingtosayatthemeeting?主谓关系Sheisalwaysthefirst(one)tocomeandthelasttoleave.不及物动词todo出现在名词后面且带上相应的介词。Let’sfirstfindaroomtolivein./toputthethingsin.Wehavenothingtoworryabout.♥Attention♥但前面被修饰的名词是place/time/way时可省略不及物动词的介词。Ithinkthebestwaytotravelisbyair.Wehavenoplacetolive.★小试身手★了解一个人最好的方法是和他/她生活一段时间.Thebestwaytoknowapersonistolivewithhim/herforsometime.你有什么可以吃的东西吗?Doyouhaveanythingtoeat?许多老人找不到可以安度晚年的地方.Manyoldpeoplecannotfindaplacetospendtherestoftheirlife.5.不定式结构作状语基本用法：不定式结构可以作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词等表示目的、原因、结果、条件等。a.表示目的Theyranovertowelcomethedelegates.♥Attention♥(1)inordertodo常置于句首用来强调目的。(2)soasto/so….asto表示目的，不可以置于句首。★小试身手★1)为了能够准时到达那里，我们必须现在出发Inordertogetthereontime,wemustsetoffnow.2)为了款待重要客人，他从英国请了管家。Inordertotreattheimportantguests,hehiredahousekeeperfromtheUK3)他们一大早出发为了能赶上首班车。Theysetoutintheearlymorningsoastocatchthefirstbus.b.表示结果(1)so…asto…如此……以至于Wouldyoubesokindastolendmeyourbicycle/tellmethetime?(2)such(…)asto…如此……以至于I’mnotsuchafoolastobelievethat.(3)enoughto…足以Theboyisoldenoughtogotoschool.(4)too…to…太……以至于不能Hiseyesightistoopoortoreadsuchsmallletters.(5)onlyto不料却……，结果却……不定式之前有时可以加上only或butonly，以加强语气Iboughtexpensiveticketstothetheatre,onlytodiscoverthattheshowwasboring.★小试身手★1)你说这些话只会把大家弄得更加紧张。Yousaidtheseonlytomakeeveryonemorenervous.2)她太小了不能看这个暴力电影。Sheistooyoungtowatchthisviolentmovie.♥Attention♥:但是too….to结构前如果出现but,never,only等词时则表示肯定。1)活到老学到老。It’snevertooold/latetolearn.6.不定式结构作宾语补足语a.非谓语做宾补的用法。结构含义举例see+宾语+do看见（宾语）做……了seehimgototheofficesee+宾语+doing看见（宾语）正在做seehimgoingtotheofficesee+宾语+beingdone看见（宾语）正在被做seehimbeingbittenbyadogsee+宾语+done看见（宾语）被做seehimbittenbyadogb.不定式todo（do）做宾补表示“要去做”。结构例词例句动词+宾语+todoask,invite,tell,want,encourage,wish,expect,beg,request,require,advise,order,force,等表示劝请、要求、喜好类Iwantbothofyoutogo.Theteachertoldustodoexerciseone.c.do做宾补表示“全过程”。动词+宾语+do（省略to）一“感”：feel二“听”：hear/listento三“使”：have/make/let四“看”：see/watch/notice/findIsawmydaughterentertheclassroom,sitinachair,openherEnglishbookandbegintoreadChapter15.当堂限时检测1．________thebeautifullife,weshouldoftengooutforawalkwithourfriends.A．Enjoy B．Enjoying C．Toenjoy D．Enjoys2．________students’eyesightandmakesuretheyfocusontheirstudies,schoolswillhavemorerulestolimitmobilephoneuse.A．Protect B．Toprotect C．Protected D．Protecting3．It’sverygoodforus________somevolunteerworkinthecommunityaround.A．do B．doing C．did D．todo4．WhenIwasyoung,myparentsalwaysencouragedus__________newhobbies.A．todevelop B．developing C．develop D．developed5．Youhavehardlychangedtheseyears.Howdidyoumanage_________soyoung?A．stay B．tostay C．staying D．tostaying6．—Whataheavyrain!—________.Iprefer________ratherthan________onsucharainyday.A．Soitis;stayingathome;goout B．Soitis;tostayathome;gooutC．Soisit;tostayathome;goout D．Soisit;goout;stayathome7．—Ourteacheroftenadvisesus________thehabitofdoingchoresathome.—Itcanbehelpfulforustounderstandourfamilybetter.A．developed B．todevelop C．develop D．developing8．Thetrafficsignswarnpeople________afterdrinking.A．drive B．notdriving C．nottodrive D．todrive9．Wemustdosomething__________theleft-behindchildreninruralareas.A．helping B．tohelp C．helps D．help10．Ourparentswon’tallowus________intheriveralone.A．toswim B．swim C．swimming D．swam11．—Whatareyougoingtodo,Jane?

—Oh,mymotherasksme________somefoodforsupper.A．buy B．tobuy C．buys D．buying12．Doctorsadviseus________masksonsuchhazy(雾蒙蒙的)days.A．wear B．wearing C．towear D．worn13．Ifyoupromise________yourmotherdosomehousework,youmustdoit.A．help B．tohelp C．helping D．helped14．Alotoftravelersexpect________manyJacarandas(蓝花楹)inKunming.A．enjoy B．toenjoy C．enjoying D．enjoys15．Hewasnotfastenough______theworms(虫子)MamaBirdbroughtback.A．get B．got C．getting D．toget16．Itisimportantforus________toactpolitelyinpublic.A．tolearn B．learning C．learnt D．learn17．Theteacherwarnsus________theschoolrules,orwe’llbepunished.A．nottobreak B．don’tbreak C．tobreak D．breaking18．________healthy,mymotherdoesyogaveryoftenandhasagoodeatinghabit.A．Keep B．Tokeep C．Keeping D．Tobekept19．TodayisMother’sDay,andIplan_________dinnerformymother.A．tocook B．cooking C．cooked D．cook20．—Whereareyougoing?—Tothepostoffice.Mymotheraskedme_________aletter.A．tosend B．send C．sending D．sent21．________thespeedinthecomingrace,themarathonloverpractisesrunningeveryday.A．Improve B．Improves C．Improving D．Toimprove22．AlthoughtheBeijingOperaisdifficultforBetty,shehopes______morenexttime.A．understand B．understands C．understanding D．tounderstand23．________safe,peopleshouldwearhelmetswhenridinge-bikes.A．Keep B．Tokeep C．Keeping D．Tokeeping24．Mybestfriend,Kangkang,oftenencouragesme______tomydream.A．stick B．stuck C．tostick D．sticking25．—Couldyoutellme________thecomputer?

—Sure.A．howuse B．tousehow C．howtouse D．whattouse26．_________thepeoplelockedinside,thefiremenbrokedownthedoorofthehouse.A．Save B．Tosave C．Saving D．Saved27．Theyheardthegirl________inthenextdoorjustnow.A．tosing B．sing C．sings D．sang28．Don’tforget________inyourmathexercisestomorrow.A．tohand B．handing C．hand D．tohanding29．Today,wemustcontinueworking________ourskiesblue,waterscleanandlandsclear.A．keep B．tokeep C．keeping D．kept30．Don’tstayuplate.It’stime________tobed.A．go B．went C．going D．togo课后提升专练31．Theheadmasterrequiresthestudents_________schooluniformsonweekdays.A．wear B．wearing C．wears D．towear32．It’snecessaryforstudents________breakfasteveryday.A．had B．have C．has D．tohave33．—Ithinktheclassroomneeds________.—Well,youareright.We’lldowhatwecan________theclassroomtidyandclean.A．clean,keep B．toclean,tokeep C．cleaning,keeping D．cleaning,tokeep34．Self-drivingbusesaresmart.They“know”________toslowdown,stoporstartagain.A．what B．where C．when D．who35．Don’tforgettoopenthewindowsduringbreaks________theairfreshintheclassroom.A．keeping B．tokeep C．keeps D．keep36．MissWhiteoftenencouragedus________closetonatureandenjoyitsbeauty.A．get B．getting C．got D．toget37．Idon’thavemuchmoneyandcan’tafford________youmoneytobuyacar.A．lend B．lending C．tolend D．forlending38．Myparentsdon’tallowme________outaloneatnight.A．togo B．go C．going D．gone39．—WhydidChinastarttolimitthenumberofpeoplewhoareallowedtoclimbupthenorthsideofMountQomolangmain2019?

—________trash.AccordingtotheUN,over140tonsoftrashhasbeenleftonthemountain.A．Reduce B．Toreduce C．Reducing D．Reduced40．—Imadealotoffood,sofeelfree________whatyoulike.—OK.A．eat B．eats C．eating D．toeat41．_______healthyandslim,sheeatsverylittlefriedfood.A．Keep B．Keeping C．Tokeep D．kept42．Thewolflooksscary.Idon’tdare_________closetoit.A．tokeep B．keeping C．kept D．tokeeping43．MomalwayswarnsTina__________tostrangersonthestreet.A．speak B．nottospeak C．tospeak D．notspeak44．Ourteachersalwayswarnus________ballgamesontheroadtoavoid________ourselves.A．tonotplay;hurting B．nottoplay;tohurtC．nottoplay;hurting D．notplay;tohurt45．—Ihopetotakecookingcourse.—Goodidea.________outaboutit,visitthiswebsite.A．Tofind B．Find C．Finding D．Found46．Ourschooloftenadvisesus________closetonatureandenjoyitsbeauty.A．get B．getting C．gets D．toget47．—Whydomanyfarmersputtheirproductsonlinethesedays?—________themmoreeasily.A．Sell B．Sells C．Selling D．Tosell48．Zhaxiisbusy________atschool,butheneverforgets________exerciseeveryday.A．working;doing B．working;todo C．towork;doing D．towork;todo49．Thelittlegirlis________young________gotoschool.A．to;too B．so;that C．so;to D．too;to50．I’msohungry.Ineedsomething_______.A．eat B．toeat C．eating D．eaten51．Afterdinner,Ialwaysoffer_________thedishessothatmyparentscanhaveagoodrest.A．todo B．do C．does D．doing52．Thenewyeariscoming.Wewillworkhard________ourgrades.A．improve B．improving C．toimprove D．improved53．Theteacheraskedus________inthelibraryafterschool.A．don’ttalk B．nottalk C．nottotalk D．notalking54．Davidwasplanning________partintheactivitiesonSchoolScienceDay.A．took B．takes C．totake D．taking55．Thesnowmadethem________cold,sotheyhadtolightafire________warm.A．feel;keep B．tofeel;tokeep C．feel;tokeep D．tofeel;keep56．Ireallydon’tknow______and______.A．whattodo;howtodo B．whattodoit;howtodoitC．whattodoit;howtodo D．whattodo;howtodoit57．Ourteacheroftentellsus________moretraditionalChinesebooks.A．read B．reading C．reads D．toread58．—It’skindofyou________yourtimeforthecommunitycleanupevent.—Wearegladtohelp.A．volunteer B．tovolunteer C．volunteering D．volunteered59．Youshoulddowhatyoucan________yourreadingspeed.A．increase B．increasing C．toincrease D．increase60．Weshouldencourageteenagers________independent.A．be B．tobe C．being D．been61．—Itisvery