2024-2025学年新教材高中英语Unit3TheworldofscienceUsinglanguage素养练习含解析外研版必修第三册

PAGE12-课时素养评价八Unit3UsinglanguageⅠ.单句语法填空1.Thecomputerhasbeenused(use)everydaysinceweboughtit.

2.MyMacBookProbrokedownandmypaperhasbeenleft(leave)unfinishedsince.

3.Morethan50,000yuanhasbeenraised(raise)forthepoorfamilysincethegroupwasfounded.

4.BlackFridayhasbeenregarded(regard)asthebeginningoftheholidayshoppingseasonforyears.

5.Manyforeignfilmshavebeenshown(show)onTVsincelastmonth.

6.—Haveyouheardaboutthatfireinthemarket?—Yes,fortunatelynoonewashurt(hurt).

7.Someeffortsweremade(make)toimprovetheairqualityinthecitylastwinter.

8.Overthepastthreeyears,thepaintingshavebeentaken(take)tomorethan20museumsintheworld.

9.Thisisthefirsttimethatawomanhasbeenappointed(appoint)tothepost.

10.Thefamousmusician,aswellashisstudents,wasinvited(invite)toperformattheopeningceremonylastnight.

Ⅱ.完成句子1.Whenyougetthepaperback,payspecialattentiontowhathasbeenmarked.

当你把纸拿回来的时候,要特殊留意做了标记的东西。2.Papermoneyhasbeenusedforoveronethousandyears.纸币已被运用了1000多年了。

3.—Howmanytimeshaveyoubeentoldnottoplaywithfire?

—I’msorry.I’llneverdothatagain.——有多少次你被告知不要玩火?——我很愧疚。我再也不会那样做了。4.Inthelastfewyearsthousandsoffilmshavebeenproducedallovertheworld.

在过去的几年里,世界各地已经制作了数千部电影。5.IwanttobuythatkindofclothbecauseIhavebeentoldtheclothwasheswell.

我想买那种布,因为有人告知我这种布很耐洗。6.Youcangohomeassoonasyourtaskhasbeenfinished.你的任务一完成你就可以回家。

7.Havethenewbookingsystemsforticketsbeenused?

新的订票制度已在运用中了吗?Ⅰ.阅读理解Theworld’sfirsthydrogen-poweredtrainshavebegunrunninginGermany.TheybegancarryingpassengersonMondayinGermany’snorthernLowerSaxonystate.Thenewtrainwillrun100-kilometertripsandcantravelupto140kilometersanhour.AFrenchrailroadcompanycalledAlstombuiltthetwotrains.TeamsinGermanyandFrancecooperatedontheproject,whichwassupportedbytheGermangovernment.Thenewtrainmodel,calledtheCoradiaiLint,signalsthebeginningofeffortsinGermanyandothernationstomoveawayfrompollution-producingdiesel(柴油)trains.Comparedwiththedieseltrains,theCoradiaiLintisdesignedtorunonnon-electrifiedtrainlineswithlowlevelsofnoise.Itusesaprocessthatcombineshydrogenandoxygentoproduceelectricalpower.Ifthesystemproducesmoreenergythanthetrainneedsatthattime,itcanstoretheextraenergyinbatteries.Theonlyemissions(排放物)arewaterandsteam.AsingletankofhydrogencanrunaCoradiaiLinttrainforabout1,000kilometers.Thisisverysimilartothedistanceadiesel-poweredtraincanrunonwithasingletank.Hydrogen-poweredtrainscostmorethandieseltrainstobuild.ButAlstomofficialssaytheoperatingcostsaremuchlower.Thecompanyplanstoprovideanother14CoradiaiLinttrainstoLowerSaxonyby2024.Theheadofrailroadoperationsinthearea,CarmenSchwabl,praisedreplacingdieseltrainswithhydrogen.Shesaidthemovewasanimportantfirststepinusingclean-burningtechnologiestoreachclimateprotectiongoals.Officialssaythearea’smanywindturbines(涡轮机)willproducepartoftheenergytocreatethehydrogentopowerthetrains.AlstomsaysseveralotherEuropeancountrieshavealsoexpressedinterestindevelopinghydrogentrainsystems.Francehasalreadysaiditwantsitsfirsthydrogentraintobeoperatingby2024.【文章大意】本文是一篇科技说明文。文章介绍的是一种新型的氢动力火车。1.WhydidGermanybuildthenewtrains?A.Tomaketravelingmucheasier.B.Tocarrymorepassengers.C.Toreplacedieseltrains.D.TodevelopfriendshipwithFrance.【解析】选C。细微环节理解题。依据文中其次段最终一句Thenewtrainmodel,calledtheCoradiaiLint,signalsthebeginningofeffortsinGermanyandothernationstomoveawayfrompollution-producingdieseltrains.(这款名为CoradiaiLint的新列车标记着德国和其他国家起先努力摆脱产生污染的柴油列车。)可知,德国建立新火车的目的是取代柴油火车。故选C。2.Itcanbeconcludedthathydrogentrains_______.

A.arewidelyusedB.canproducewaterandoxygenC.canstopairpollutionD.areenvironmentallyfriendly【解析】选D。推理推断题。由文中第三段Comparedwiththedieseltrains,theCoradiaiLintisdesignedtorunonnon-electrifiedtrainlineswithlowlevelsofnoise.和Theonlyemissionsarewaterandsteam.可知,新的氢动力火车具有低噪音的特点,且其仅有的排放物是水和蒸汽,所以是环保的,故D为正确答案。3.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A.World’sFirstHydrogenTrainsB.EffortstoReduceEmissionsC.SavingNaturalResourcesD.ANewWaytoMakeElectricity【解析】选A。主旨大意题。依据文章第一段“Theworld’sfirsthydrogen-poweredtrainshavebegunrunninginGermany.”和全文内容可知,本文主要介绍的是一种新型的氢动力火车的研制及其特点。所以A项World’sFirstHydrogenTrains(世界上第一批氢火车)符合文章大意。故选A。Ⅱ.完形填空Luckily,Igotfourturkeysthisholiday.I1onlyoneofthem.Iknewmyneighborwasgoingthroughahardtime,soIdecidedtogiveonetothemasa2.

Thatstill3mewithtwoextraturkeys.I4tocookoneofthem,makesandwichesand5themtoanareaoftownwheremanypeopleseemtobeinneedoffoodandalittlekindness.

WhileIwaswaitingforthebustogetthere,IsawtwopeoplethatIthoughtmight6sandwiches.Themomenttheycamenear,I7themeachasandwichandtoldthemtohaveagoodday.

Onthebus,ayoungmothergotonwithherlittlegirl.Iofferedherasandwich,andshe8accepted.ThenIstartedgivingthemtoother9,alongwithsmilecards,andtheyalso10withsmiles.Bythispoint,Iwas11happinessandcouldn’thelpsmiling.Ifelt12becauseofthat.

Whenwegottothebusterminal,Ihadgivenawayfivesandwiches.Theactofgiving,thecaresharedandthe13smilesjustmademyheartfilledwithsomuch14.IthinkwhatIhavedoneisgoodforeveryone,15Iwilldothisagainsoon.

【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。作者向生疏人赠送火鸡三明治,生疏人投以微笑,彼此都感到欢乐。1.A.needed B.noticedC.ordered D.saved【解析】选A。依据上文的“gotfourturkeysthisholiday”及下文的“Idecidedtogiveonetothem”和“twoextraturkeys”可知,作者只须要(needed)一只火鸡。2.A.prize B.gift C.choice D.wish【解析】选B。依据上文的“holiday”及“give”可知,作者确定把一只火鸡作为礼物(gift)送给邻居。3.A.filled B.upset C.provided D.left【解析】选D。依据上文作者须要一只,送给邻居一只及下文“twoextraturkeys”可知,作者还剩余(left)两只火鸡。4.A.learned B.waited C.helped D.decided【解析】选D。依据其次段第一句可知,作者还有两只火鸡,这里指作者确定把其中一只做成三明治。5.A.mail B.lend C.sell D.take【解析】选D。由_______themtoanareaoftownwhere...kindness可知,作者确定把其中一只做成三明治带给他人。

6.A.have B.make C.like D.buy【解析】选C。依据下文作者送给这两个人三明治可知,作者认为这两个人或许喜爱(like)三明治。7.A.cooked B.offered C.found D.paid【解析】选B。由本句后半部分“andtoldthemtohaveagoodday”可知,作者主动赠给(offered)这两个人火鸡三明治。8.A.gladly B.secretlyC.seriously D.suddenly【解析】选A。依据下文“theyalso_______withsmiles”可知,这位母亲兴奋地(gladly)接受了三明治。

9.A.passengers B.shoppersC.neighbors D.drivers【解析】选A。作者在公交车上,所以把三明治送给其他乘客(passengers)。10.A.refused B.triedC.accepted D.explained【解析】选C。由下文“withsmiles”可知,其他乘客也兴奋地接受了(accepted)三明治。11.A.expecting B.requestingC.recording D.achieving【解析】选D。依据下文“andcouldn’thelpsmiling”可知,作者收获着(achieving)华蜜。12.A.busy B.great C.safe D.nervous【解析】选B。依据上文“Iwas_______happinessandcouldn’thelpsmiling”可知,给生疏人赠送三明治让作者觉得棒极了(great)。

13.A.surprised B.sadC.forced D.weak【解析】选A。作者给生疏人火鸡三明治,当然会让他们感到惊异,所以他们的笑容也是惊异的(surprised)。14.A.joy B.calmness C.courage D.worry【解析】选A。由上文“Iwas_______happinessandcouldn’thelpsmiling”可知,作者内心充溢喜悦(joy)。

15.A.if B.though C.but D.so【解析】选D。作者认为自己所做的对每个人都有好处,所以(so)不久会再做一次。Ⅲ.语法填空Romewasn’tbuiltinaday.NearlytwodecadeshavepassedsinceChinalaunchedthefirstBeidousatellitein2000.Sincethen,moreBeidousatelliteshavebeensentintoorbit,1.__________(form)theBeidouNavigationSatelliteSystem(BDS).

Inlate2012,BDS2.__________(begin)providingservicestopeopleinChinaandotherpartsoftheAsia-Pacificregion.Attheendof2024,itstartedtoprovideglobalservices.NowwithtwomoreBeidousatellites3.(launch)onDec.16,2024,BDShas53satellitesinorbit.It4.__________(expect)togreatlyimprovethesystem’sabilitytoserve5.__________(user)worldwide.

Althoughasatellite-basednavigationsystemneedsonly24satellitestorun6.__________(proper),having53allowsforbettercoverage.

Thisis7.__________itworks:asignalreceiveronEarthmeasuresitsdistancefromatleastthreesatellitesbyrecordingtheamountoftimeittakes8.__________(receive)theirsignals.Thenitcancalculateitslocation.Withsomanysatellites,BDScanprovide9.__________moreaccuratecalculation.WhileGPSprovidesmeter-levelpositioningaccuracy,BDSreducestheerror10.centimeters.Thisserviceisespeciallyusefulforlandsurveying,mapping,agricultureandautomateddriving.

FutureplanscallforasmarterandmoreaccessiblesystemwithBeidouatitscore,tocomeonlineby2035.Bythen,wecanprobablysaythatRomehasfinallybeenbuilt.【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了我国自主研发的北斗定位系统,包括其发展、作用、运行模式、优势等。1.【解析】forming。考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分和句子结构可知,句中已有谓语动词havebeensent,无连词,可推断这是一个简洁句,所以设空处用作非谓语动词,在句中充当状语;设空处与逻辑主语Beidousatellites之间是主动关系,所以要用现在分词。故填forming。2.【解析】began。考查谓语动词时态。分析句子成分可知,句中缺少谓语动词,可推断设空处充当谓语;依据时间状语Inlate2012可知,应当用一般过去时。故填began。3.【解析】launched。考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分和句子结构可知,句中已有谓语动词has,无连词,可推断这是一个简洁句,所以设空处用作非谓语动词,在句中充当宾语补足语;设空处与逻辑主语Beidousatellites之间是被动关系,所以要用过去分词。故填launched。4.【解析】isexpected。考查被动语态。分析句子成分可知,句子缺少谓语动词,可推断设空处充当谓语;结合文章时态可知,应当用一般现在时;主语it指的是BDS,与expect之间是被动关系,所以要用一般现在时的被动语态。故填isexpected。5.【解析】users。考查名词复数。设空处位于不定式toserve后面,充当宾语,且此处指的是全世界的用户,所以应当用复数形式,泛指多个用户。故填users。6.【解析】properly。考查副词。设空处位于非谓语动词torun后面,起修饰作用,修饰动词要用副词形式。故填properly。7.【解析】how。考查表语从句连接词。句意:这是它如何运作的(模式)。分析句子成分和结构可知,句中有系动词is和谓语动词works,可推断含有两个句子,所以设空处须要填入连接词;从句位于is后面,是表语从句;依据后文的描述可知,这里说明的是运行模式,即如何运行,所以要用连接副词how。8.【解析】toreceive。考查固定句型。分析句子“asignalreceiveronEarthmeasuresitsdistancefromatleastthreesatellitesbyrecordingtheamountoftimeittakes_______(receive)theirsignals”可知,句中含有省略关系词that/which的定语从句ittakes_______(receive)theirsignals,修饰先行词time;关系词在从句中代替time充当takes的宾语,此处考查固定句型ittakestimetodosth.,意为“做某事花费多少时间”。故填toreceive。

9.【解析】a。考查冠词。句意:因为有这么多的卫星,BDS可以供应一种更精确的计算结果。calculation在句中意为计算结果,是可数名词,前面没有限定词,无特指,须要填不定冠词;more发音的第一个音素为辅音音素。故填a。10.【解析】to。考查介词。句意:尽管GPS供应到米的定位精确度,但是BDS把误差削减到了厘米。依据句意可知,此处考查固定表达reduce...to意为“削减到……”。故填to。阅读理解ARobertJarvik,bornonMay11,1946inMichiganandraisedinStamford,isamedicalscientistandresearcher,whoplayedanimportantroleintheinventionoftheartificialheart.Hewasinterestedinmedicinefromayoungage.Hewatchedhisfatherperformoperationsandgainedapatent(专利权)foramachineappliedinthemedicaloperationbeforehegraduatedfromhighschool.JarvikattendedSyracuseUniversityandconsideredacareerinart.Whenhisfatherdevelopedheartdiseasesuddenly,hedecidedthentoworkonamedicalcareer.Heappliedtomedicalschools,butwasnotadmittedtoanyschoolsintheUS.Beforelong,hewasadmittedtothemedicalschoolinItalyandstayedtherefortwoyears.HereturnedtogetadegreeinmedicinefromAfterworkingforaperiodoftime,Jarvikgotajobintheorgantransplant(器官移植)programattheUniversityofUtahin1972.Heworkedwiththedirectoroftheprogram,WillemKolff,whoinventedthekidneydialysis(肾透析)machine.BythetimeJarvikcametotheUniversityofUtah,theorganprogramhadalreadydevelopedtheprimaryartificialheart.Heimproveditbycreatingadiaphragm(膈膜),whichsolvedmanyBarneyClark,aretireddentistsufferingfromseriousheartdisease,receivedtheJarvik-7transplantonDecember2,1982.Helivedfor112daysaftertheoperation,butthetransplantwasconsideredasuccess.Thoughreceivingcriticismfortheriskoftransplantinganartificialheart,theJarvik-7stillbecameveryimportantforpatientswhowerewaitingforaheart.In1987,JarvikmovedtoNewYorkCityandformedJarvikResearchInc.Hebegandevelopinganewheart—theJarvik2000.Thissmallermachinefitsinsideapatient’sheartratherthanreplacingtheentireorgan.【文章大意】本文是一篇人物传记。文章主要介绍了美国闻名的医学科学家——RobertJarvik在独创人造心脏方面做出了巨大的贡献。1.Whatmethoddoesthewriterusetodevelopthepassage?A.Bydiscussingresearchexperiments.B.Byfollowingthenaturaltimeorder.C.Bypresentingsomeresearchresults.D.Bycomparingopinionsfromdifferentfields.【解析】选B。推理推断题。通读全文可知,作者依据时间先后依次对RobertJarvik进行了介绍。故选B。2.Theunderlinedword“issues”inParagraph4probablymeans“_______”.

A.items B.incidentsC.problems D.debates【解析】选C。词义揣测题。依据画线词所在句Heimproveditbycreatingadiaphragm,whichsolvedmanyissueswiththeheart.可知,他通过创建膈膜来改善它,这解决了有关切脏的很多问题。由此推知,issues意为“问题”。故选C。3.WhichofthefollowingincidentsmadeRobertJarvikdeterminehislife-longcareer?A.Hisfatherdevelopedheartdiseasesuddenly.B.Hereceivedapatentforthemedicaloperation.C.HetookpartintheorganprogramattheUniversityofD.HewasrefusedtobeadmittedtoanymedicalschoolintheUS.【解析】选A。细微环节理解题。依据其次段中的Whenhisfatherdevelopedheartdiseasesuddenly,hedecidedthentoworkonamedicalcareer.可知,当他的父亲突然患上心脏病时,他确定从事医疗事业。由此可知,RobertJarvik是在父亲突然患心脏病之后确定把医学作为自己的职业的。故选A。4.WhatisthegreatestachievementforRobertJarvikasamedicalscientist?A.Heinventedthekidneydialysismachine.B.Hecreatedthefirstartificialheartin1981.C.Hecreatedadiaphragmtofitinsideapatient’sheart.D.Hedidthefirsthearttransplantoperationforapatient.【解析】选B。细微环节理解题。依据第四段中的Eventually,hecreatedthefirstartificialheartin1981,theJarvik-7,tobeplacedinahumanpatient,whichwasconsideredoneofthemostimportantinventionsinhumanhistory.可知,最终,他在1981年创建了第一个人造心脏——Jarvik-7,被放置在人类病人身上,这被认为是人类历史上最重要的独创之一。由此可知,RobertJarvik创建了人类历史上第一个人造心脏,这是他作为医学科学家的最宏大的成就。故选B。【点睛】做细微环节理解题时肯定要找到文章中的原句,和题干进行比较,再做出正确选择。如第4小题,WhatisthegreatestachievementforRobertJarvikasamedicalscientist?要求推断出作为一名医学科学家,RobertJarvik最宏大的成就是什么。依据第四段中的Eventually,hecreatedthefirstartificialheartin1981,theJarvik-7,tobeplacedinahumanpatient,whichwasconsideredoneofthemostimportantinventionsinhumanhistory.可知,他在1981年创建了第一个人造心脏,这被认为是人类历史上最重要的独创之一。由此可知,创建了人类历史上第一个人造心脏是RobertJarvik作为医学科学家的最宏大的成就。故选B。BChineseresearchershavedevelopedarobotdesignedtohelpdoctorstreattheCOVID-19andotherhighlycontagious(传染的)diseases.Themachinehasalongroboticarmattachedtoabasewithwheels.Itcanperformsomeofthesamemedicalexaminationtasksasdoctors.Forexample,thedevicecanlistentosoundsmadebypatients’heartsandlungs.Camerasrecordtherobot’sactivities,whicharecontrolledatadistancesodoctorscanavoidcominginclosecontactwithinfectedpatients.Doctorsandothermedicalworkerscanrunthemachinefromanearbyroom,orfrommuchfartheraway.Therobot’smaindesignerisZhengGangtie,anengineerandprofessoratChina’sTsinghuaUniversityinBeijing.HetoldReutersnewsagencythathegottheideaforthemachinewhenthenumberofcasesoftheCOVID-19wasrisingquicklyinthecityofWuhan.OneofZheng’sfriends,headofBeijing’sTsinghuaSotheengineergatheredateamandwenttoworkontherobot.Zhengsaidtheteamwasabletochangetworoboticarms.Thenewrobotisalmostcompletelyautomated(自动化的),Zhengsaid.Itcanevendisinfectitselfafterperformingactionsinvolvingpatientcontact.“Doctorsareallverybrave,”ZhengtoldReuters.“Butthisvirusisjusttoocontagious...Wecanuserobotstoperformthemostdangeroustasks.”However,Zhengsaidhehadheardfromsomedoctorsthatitwouldbebetternottobuildsuchrobots.Thisisbecausemanypatientsstilldesireapersonalpresencetohelpcalmthemduringtreatment.TheteamnowhastworobotsandbothhavebeentestedbydoctorsathospitalsinBeijing.OnemachinewasoncetakentoWuhan’sUnionZhengwouldliketobuildmoreoftherobots,butmoneyfromtheuniversityhasrunout;eachrobotcostsabout$72,000tomake.Hedoesnotplantocommercializethedesign,buthopesthatacompanycanbeginthatprocess.【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北京清华大学教授郑钢铁和他的团队研发了一款机器人,用来帮助医生治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎和其他高度传染性疾病。5.WhatareParagraphs4and5mainlyabout?A.Whentherobotwasdesigned.B.Howtherobotiscontrolled.C.Whotherobotisint