第13讲 阅读理解题型中考必考阅读技能考点（原卷版）

专题三中考题型语法知语法知识识第13讲阅读理解题型 要点归纳思维导图解题口诀及母题典例阅读理解题型高频考点实用解题口诀高频考点1：单一细节题解题口诀：画定比口诀注释：画-------阅读题干画关键(数词、名词、动词；大写：人名、地名)定—----回文定位找区间比—----选项比较原文口诀识别阅读理解题目以6W(What/Who/When/Where/Why/Which)+1H(How)及其变式进行提问时，用此口诀解题。口诀解题典例Awomanwascollectingmoneyforacharity.Themoneyshecollectedwasgoingtobegiventopoorchildrenwhohadnoparentstotakecareofthem.Shewentfromhousetohouse.Sheknockedondoorsandaskedformoney.Whowasthewomancollectingmoneyfor?A.Poorchildren.B.Herself.C.HerfriendsD.Anartist.口诀解题答案解析题干用Who进行提问，满足6W+1H的细节题特征，用“画定比”口诀解题。画出题干中的关键词(thewomancollectingmoney),定位到原文的第1句和第2句，对比原文和选项可知，这位女士是为了帮助贫困的孤儿而筹钱，故选A。解题坑点在对比原文和选项过程中，部分细节题的正确答案是原文原词、原文原句，但遇到有难度的文章时，细节题的正确答案可能是原文单词的近义词转换或原文改写，所以在对比过程中要仔细阅读，仔细比对每一处细节。母题1（2023·山东菏泽·统考中考真题）Sixteen-year-oldYangShunchengofChinawonintheArtisticSwimmingWorldCupinSomabay,EgyptonSaturday,May13,2023.WiththethemeofTheCelloSongbyThePianoGuys,Yangchallengeadifficultysoreof27.0,higherthanallothersixplayers,andreceived232.5792points.“Ithoughtaboutthevictorybutdidnotthinkmuch.ItwasmyfirstinternationalcompetitionandIwasverynervousbeforetherace.Iwasluckytowinandfeelthetasteofgoldmedals.Iexpectamorechallengingcompetitiontomorrow,”saidYang.FortykilometersnorhofcentralChengdu,theSanxingduisiteisrgrdedasoneofthemostimporantdscveriesofthe20thcentury.VisitorscanseethousandsoftreasuresdatingbacktotheShangDynasty(1600—1046BC)inSanxingduiMuseum.Thisone-dayChengdutournotonlytakesyoutovisitthelovelykingdomofgiantpandas,butalsothemysteriousSanxingduiillizaion.TheprotectedpandasandSanxingdu’srelis(遗迹)arebothconsiderednationaltreasures.YanYanGuShi(SaltandWordsStory),anewapp(应用程序)forstorytellerstoshareshortstorieswhichcanbemostlyfinishedin10to20minutes,appearedforthefirsttimeonChina’slargestQ&Aplatform(平台)ZhihuonMay18,2023.Anexhibition(展览),whichwasheldinBejingFuninQianmenStreetbetweenMay18and28,showedthepaintedprops(道具)ofsomeofthemostpopularstoriesontheapp,providingvisitorswithanexperiencetoplaytheroles.1．WhogotthegoldmedalintheArtisticSwimmingWorldCupinEgypt?A．YangShuncheng. B．ThePianoGuys. C．Thesixplayers.2．WherecanvisitorsseethousandsoftreasuresdatingbacktotheShangDynasty?A．InSomabay. B．InSanxingduiMuseum. C．Inthekingdomofpandas.3．WhatisYanYanGuShi?A．It’sanewappforstorytelling. B．It’saplatformtosellpaintings. C．It’sanexhibitioninBeijingFun.【答案】1．A2．B3．A【导语】本文主要介绍了三则新闻报道。1．细节理解题。根据“Sixteen-year-oldYangShunchengofChinawonintheArtisticSwimmingWorldCupinSomabay,EgyptonSaturday,May13,2023.”可知杨顺诚在埃及艺术游泳世界杯上获得金牌。故选A。2．细节理解题。根据“VisitorscanseethousandsoftreasuresdatingbacktotheShangDynasty(1600—1046BC)inSanxingduiMuseum.”可知游客可以在三星堆博物馆看到数千件商朝的珍宝。故选B。3．细节理解题。根据“YanYanGuShi(SaltandWordsStory),anewapp(应用程序)forstorytellerstoshareshortstories”可知盐言故事是一款讲故事的新应用。故选A。高频考点2：复杂细节题解题口诀：四次四辨画定比×4画--------每个选项画关键(数词、名词、动词；大写：人名、地名)定--------每个选项回文定位找区间比--------每个选项比较原文口诀识别题干要求找出四个选项中正确或错误的一项时，可利用“画定比”的方法分析选项，得出正确答案。口诀解题典例：Youwillswimtherewithoutdangerifyouremembertheseinstructions(指示):*Neverswimalone.*Neverswimafteramealorwhenyoufeelhungryortired.*Donotstayinthewatertoolong.*Nevergooutinaboatifyoucannotswim.Remember:Aredflagmeansthatitisdangerousforanybodytogointothewater.Ablueflagmeansthatitisdangerousforchildren.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.YoucanalwaysswimwhenyouseearedflagB.Youshouldnotswimwithotherpeople.C.YoushouldnotswimafterlunchD.Youcan'tswimforashorttime.口诀解题答案解析根据题干中的TRUE及口诀可知，A项的alwaysswim与原文"Aredflagmeansthatitisdangerousforanybodytogointothewater."不符，B项在原文中没有体现，C项的notswimafterlunch与原文Neverswimafterameal同义，D项can'tswimforashorttime与原文“Donotstayinthewatertoolong.”意思相反，故选C。解题坑点1.进行复杂细节题的画定比时，须特别注意错误选项的特征：(1)偷换概念：句子部分内容和原文重合，但通过关键词的改变而使得含义大相径庭。(2)张冠李戴：选项信息在文章中全部涉及，但是主体和信息的匹配做了位置调换。(3)无中生有：原文无相关描写。(4)以偏概全：用部分代替整体。2.复杂细节题常考“三正一误”,选NOTTRUE的情况，不要选择正确表述。母题2（2023·山东济南·统考中考真题）◎◎◎BlogDianaGarcia@dgarciaIt’samini-projectformycourseatcollege.Thankstoallmyfriends(174intotal)whoansweredmyquestionsaboutselfies(自拍).Here’stheresult.SelfiesinNumbersWho’sTakingSelfies?TopSituationsforSelfies30%ataparty/onanightout34%onvacation20%atschool16%infrontofthemirror30%withafriend/agroupoffriends52%aloneChangingSelfiesTopReasonsforSelfiesIhaveusedanapp（应用程序）to......changemyhair37%...addglassesorasillymustache32%...addafilter（滤镜）25%...changemyeyecolor6%1

torememberahappymoment2

becauseyoufeelgood3

becauseyoulookgood4

toshareinformationaboutyourlifeFUNFACT!!PeopletakeTWOselfiesadayonaverage.4．WhatisDiana?A．Acollegestudent.B．Anactress. C．Anewsreporter. D．Adirector.5．HowmanypeopleansweredDiana’squestions?A．36. B．52. C．64. D．174.6．Who’stakingthemostselfies?A．18-year-olds. B．19-year-olds. C．20-year-olds. D．21-year-olds.7．Whichappistheleastpopularforchangingselfies?A．Anappforaddingafilter. B．Anappforaddingglasses.C．Anappforchangingeyecolor. D．Anappforchanginghair.8．Whatareincludedintheresult?①problemsofselfies②whypeopletakeselfies③famouspeople’sselfies④wherepeopletakeselfies⑤howoftenpeopletakeselfiesA．①③⑤ B．②③④ C．①②④ D．②④⑤【答案】4．A5．D6．B7．C8．D【导语】本文是一篇应用文，是戴安娜关于自拍问题的调研结果。4．推理判断题。根据“It’samini-projectformycourseatcollege.”可知，戴安娜是一名大学生，故选A。5．细节理解题。根据“Thankstoallmyfriends(174intotal)whoansweredmyquestionsaboutselfies(自拍).”可知，一共有174人回答了戴安娜关于自拍的问题，故选D。6．细节理解题。根据“Age”下面的图片显示可知，19岁的人最爱自拍，故选B。7．细节理解题。根据“Ihaveusedanapp（应用程序）to...”下面的“changemyeyecolor6%”可知，“changemyeyecolor”最不受欢迎，故选C。8．细节理解题。根据“TopReasonsforSelfies”、“TopSituationsforSelfies”和“PeopletakeTWOselfiesadayonaverage.”可知，文章提到了自拍的原因、地点和频率，故选D。高频考点3：代词指代解题口诀：替身法代词指代找名词，原词通常在前方；看单复，辨人称，所有格，找就近。口诀识别阅读题目中需要对代词所指代的内容进行分辨，需要确认所指代的对象是什么/谁时，用此口诀解题。口诀解题典例：Thenextday,Mrs.Greengavetheclassatest.Emmadidwell.Mrs.Greengaveherasmilefacesticker(贴纸).ButEmmadidn'tputitonherpaper.Sheputthestickeronherlunchbox.Theunderlinedword"it"inthisparagraphrefersto__________.A.thelunchboxB.thestickerC.thetestD.thework口诀解题答案解析根据文中"Emmadidwell.Mrs.Greengaveherasmilefacesticker."可知，it指代asmilefacesticker,故选B。解题坑点多个名词出现时，要注意具体指代对象是谁，并用单数、复数和人称去验证。母题32021·山东·校考二模）AfewyearsagoIwentthroughsuchaseriousdepression(抑郁症)thatlifedidn’tseemworthliving.ItwaslikethatIwaslivinginthecoldwinterallthetime.ThenIsawsnowdrops(雪花莲)pushingthroughthecoldandhardground.IlookedatthemeverydayuntilIfeltthatiftheycouldcomebacktolife,thensocouldI.(1)Thosegreenplantsgavemehopeinaspecialway.Asspringcame,Istartedtoputinmoreandmoreplants,untilthegardenwasfullofcolours.Lifewasgrowingthroughmyhands,gentleandpeaceful.IfIgavelove,itwasreturned,ahundredfold(百倍的).Icouldspendhourslostingardening.TheformofdepressionIhaveisbiological(遗传的).(2)Ithasinfluencedmanyofmyfamilywithnoreasonandnorules.IcanbedepressedwhenthesunisshiningorIamsurroundedbyagroupoflovingfriends.Ofcourse,freshairandexercisehelptoreducedepression,butformegardeningismorethanthat.Itstandsfortreatmentaswellashope.Atthecentreofthefirstgarden,Iplantedatreebymyself.Itishugeandmagnificent(茂盛的)now.Itstandsthelowtemperaturesandstrongwinds.Theleavesdropsinautumnbutthetreealways,always(3)________tolifeinspring.AndsoIlearnthatwemayfall,wemayhurt,wemaybetested,butthereisalwayshope.30．将文中划线句子翻译成汉语。31．Whatdoestheunderlindeword“it”referto?(文中划线单词It指代什么)32．在空白处填写一个恰当的短语，使句意完整。（从文章中找出）33．Whatdoesgardeningmeanforthewriter?(根据短文内容回答问题)34．Pleasegiveabesttitletothepassage.(从文中找出本文最好的标题写出来)【答案】30．那些绿色的植物以一种特殊的方式给我希望。31．(Theformof)depression.32．comesback33．Itmeans/standsfortreatmentaswellashope.34．ThereIsAlwaysHope【分析】文章大意：本文主要讲了多年前作者患有严重的抑郁症，有一天看到一题绿芽从坚硬的土里长了出来，作者深受触动，并且走出抑郁的故事。30．Thosegreenplants那些绿色的植物；gavemehope给我希望；inaspecialway以一种特殊的方式。故填“那些绿色的植物以一种特殊的方式给我希望。”31．根据上文“TheformofdepressionIhaveisbiological.Ithasinfluencedmanyofmyfamilywithnoreasonandnorules.”可知此处It指代上文提到的“Theformofdepression”，故填(Theformof)depression.32．根据第一段中的信息“IlookedatthemeverydayuntilIfeltthatiftheycouldcomebacktolife”结合本句“Theleavesdropsinautumnbutthetreealways,always…tolifeinspring.”可知是秋天树叶掉落，但树总是在春天复活。因此此处应填comeback，这里的主语thetree是第三人称单数形式，句子时态是一般现在时，因此come也要用第三人称单数形式。故填comesback。33．根据“Itstandsfortreatmentaswellashope.”可知它代表着治疗和希望，故填Itmeans/standsfortreatmentaswellashope.34．根据文中的信息“AndsoIlearnthatwemayfall,wemayhurt,wemaybetested,butthereisalwayshope.”结合文章内容可知本文主要讲了多年前作者患有严重的抑郁症，有一天看到一题绿芽从坚硬的土里长了出来，作者深受触动，并且走出抑郁的故事。标题可用“ThereIsAlwaysHope”。故填ThereIsAlwaysHope。高频考点4：词义猜测题解题口诀：剥洋葱法猜词题一看单词构成；二看解释举例；三看同义反义；四看因果关系。口诀识别当题干为Theunderlinedword"x××”inthepassageprobablymeans“____";Whatdoestheunderlinedword"×××"probablymean?等表述时，用此口诀解题。口诀解题典例：Doyouhaveanyfriendsfromothercountries?Doyouknowwhattheyarelike?TheGermans(德国人)areveryquietandtheydon'tgetexcitedeasily.Theydon'twanttosaymorewords.Theylookserious(严肃的),buttheyreallyknowhowtohavefun.Theyworkhardandliketidiness.MostGermanwomenliketokeeptheirhousesclean.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"tidiness"meaninChinese?A.整洁B.安静C.时尚D.随意口诀解题答案解析根据口诀“三看同义反义”,后文“liketokeeptheirhousesclean”正好与“liketidiness”相对应(同义),故选A。解题坑点部分猜词题选项会设置成所猜词的一词多义，此时需要选择文中意思。母题4（2020·广西贺州·统考中考真题）Fouryearsago,mymothergavebirthtoabrotherformewhenIwas10.Ihavelearnedalotfromgettingalongwithhim.Afterhewasborn,Ialmostbecameababysitter.Ihadtoamusehimafterschool.Iwouldmakefacesandsingtohimwhenhewascrying.SometimesIevencarriedhimeverywhereinouryardtocheerhimupwhilemyparentswerebusy.WhatIlikedtodobestwastofeedhimwhenlookingafterhim.Howcutehewasashetastedhisfavoritefood!Myparentsoftenpraisedmehappily.Asanelderbrother,you'vemadecontributionstolookingafteryouryoungerbrother.Ihavegothappinessfromlookingaftermybrother.WhenIwasyoung,Iwastheonlychildinmyfamily.IcouldgetwhatIwantedfrommyparents.Iwasa"LittleEmperor"inmyfamily.Butnow,aslongasIgetsomethinggood,Iwanttogiveittomybrotherfirst.Irememberedtheyearwhenhewasthree,hewasfondofRubikcubes(魔方).Iboughtoneforhimwithmyluckymoneyasabirthdaypresent.Whenhegotit,hewassohappythathelaughed,huggedmeandkissedme.Thanksforspendingtheseyearstogetherwithmyfamily.Ithastaughtmehowtoberesponsibleandunselfish.NotonlyshouldIlookaftermyself,butalsoIshouldpayattentiontomyfamily.9．Whendidthewriter’smothergavebirthtoabrotherforhim?A．3yearsago. B．4yearsago. C．8yearsago. D．10yearsago.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"amuse"inthesecondparagraphmean?A．令……开心 B．令……生气 C．令……讨厌 D．开……玩笑11．WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUEwhenlookingafterhisyoungerbrother?A．Hefedhim. B．Hetoldstoriestohim.C．Hemadefacesandsangtohim. D．Hecarriedhimeverywhereintheyard.12．Whatmightyoulearnthepassage?A．Beresponsible. B．Beunselfish.C．Beresponsibleandconfident. D．Beresponsibleandunselfish.【答案】9．B10．A11．B12．D【分析】本文主要讲述了作者照看自己弟弟的故事。作者在十岁有了弟弟之后，悉心照顾弟弟，从中教会了作者什么是责任，什么是无私。9．细节理解题。根据第一句“Fouryearsago,mymothergavebirthtoabrotherformewhenIwas10.”可知，作者在四年前有了自己的弟弟。故选B。10．词义猜测题。根据下一句“Iwouldmakefacesandsingtohimwhenhewascrying.”可知，作者给弟弟做鬼脸、唱歌的目的是为了让弟弟开心，所以amuse意为“使开心”。故选A。11．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Iwouldmakefacesandsingtohimwhenhewascrying.SometimesIevencarriedhimeverywhereinouryardtocheerhimupwhilemyparentswerebusy.WhatIlikedtodobestwastofeedhimwhenlookingafterhim.”可知在照看弟弟时，作者会做鬼脸、唱歌，带弟弟到院子里的任何地方以及喂他，所以选项A、C和D说法正确，本小题要求选择说法不正确的选项。故选B。12．细节理解题。根据最后一段开头两句“Thanksforspendingtheseyearstogetherwithmyfamily.Ithastaughtmehowtoberesponsibleandunselfish.”可知在与家人相处的岁月中，作者学会了如何负责和无私。故选D。高频考点5：文章出处题解题口诀：落叶归根法正向匹配话题，反向排除验证(想象自己若是作者，会包含什么要素)。口诀识别如果遇到如下出题方式，可以使用本口诀。Thepassageismostlikelytobetakenfrom.Whereisthetextprobablyfrom?Wherewouldyouprobablyreadthispassage?Thepassageismostlikelyapartof.口诀解题典例：AI(人工智能)makesourliveseasierandbetter.Let'sseetheamazingAI.CooldriverlessbusAbusdooropensandyougeton..YourclosefriendHi,everyone.I'mXiaoice,achatbot(聊天机器人).World'sfirstAIanchor(主播)Hey,look!ThefamousChineseanchorQiuHaoisreportingthenewsforus.PopularAIartistThisbeautifulpaintingwasatanauction(拍卖)in2022...WecanprobablyseethepassageinA.anewspaperB.anoticeC.anovelD.aguidebook口诀解题答案解析根据文中“AI、聊天机器人、主播、拍卖”等新闻词汇可知，我们可能在报纸上看到这篇文章，故选A。解题坑点常见出处类型和特点如下，学生需要通过进行匹配和排除答题。1.newspaper/website/magazine:事件日期/地点、人物事件、名人故事、体育赛事等。2.advertisement/ad:格式特殊，介绍价格、折扣、营业时间等。3.researchpaper:介绍科学知识、新型科技等，含有experiment、research、study、scientist、technology等词。4.travel/touristguide:介绍某地或行程等。母题5（2023·江苏镇江·统考中考真题）Thenosehelpsusalot.Ittellsuswhendinnerisalmostreadyandleadsthewaytosweetcakes.Italsotellsustokeepawayfrombadsmells.Butdoyouknowtheinterestingfactsaboutsomethingthatsmellsbad?FishYoumighthavenoticedthatfishsmellunpleasantsometimes.Fishfromtheoceansmellthestrongest.Thesesaltwaterfishhaveachemical(化学物质)calledTMAO.Whilewepreparefishforcooking,TMAOisalreadychangingintootherthings.OneiscalledTMA．Itsmellssupersmelly.Usually,beforecooksmakesaltwaterfishadish,theywashfish.AndmostoftheTMAcanbewashedaway.Cooksalsoaddlemontomakethefishlesssmelly.FeetFootsweat(脚汗)itselfdoesnothaveabadsmellatfirst.Butithasfoodandwaterthatthebacteria(细菌)need.Withthem,thebacteriagiveoffsomesmell.Mostshoesoftenkeepsweatinthem.Thatmakesshoesandsockswarmandwet—aplacewherebacteriacangrow.Differenttypesofbacteriagiveoffdifferentsmells.That’swhyfeetmaysmelllikebadvegetables,smellyeggsorothersmellythings.EggsManythingssmellterriblewhentheygobad.Butabadegggivesoffthemostfamousbadsmellofallanddrawspeople’sattention.Whenanegggoesbad,thebacteriahelptochangethesulfur(硫)initswhitepartintosulfurandhydrogen(硫化氢).Anditsmellsreallybad.Thenosejustwarnsusawayfromitbecausetoomuchsulfurandhydrogenwillharmourhealth.13．Howdoesthewritertellreadersthatsomethingsmellsbadinthepassage?A．Byshowingforms. B．Bylistingnumbers.C．Bydrawingpictures. D．Bygivingexamples.14．Whatcanyoulearnfromthepassage?A．Differentbacteriaproducethesamesmell.B．Asmellyegggivesoffsulfurandhydrogen.C．Dryshoesandsockscanhelpbacteriagrow.D．Lemonincreasesthebadsmellofsaltwaterfish.15．Whichpartofamagazineisthepassagemostprobablytakenfrom?A．WordHistory. B．CookingTips. C．TravelGuide. D．FunFacts.【答案】13．D14．B15．D【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一些关于闻起来很难闻的东西的有趣事实。13．推理判断题。根据“Butdoyouknowtheinterestingfactsaboutsomethingthatsmellsbad?”可知，文章第一段介绍本文主题，一些闻起来很难闻的东西的有趣事实，接下来作者列举了鱼、脚以及变质的鸡蛋的味道，故作者通过举例子的方式介绍文章内容。故选D。14．细节理解题。根据“Whenanegggoesbad,thebacteriahelptochangethesulfur(硫)initswhitepartintosulfurandhydrogen(硫化氢).”可知，臭鸡蛋会释放出硫和氢。故选B。15．推理判断题。根据“Butdoyouknowtheinterestingfactsaboutsomethingthatsmellsbad?”及全文可知，本文介绍了一些关于闻起来很难闻的东西的有趣事实，故文章可能来源于“FunFacts”版块。故选D。高频考点6：推断题解题口诀：一步推理一步推理法+排除法一步推理：回文定位，立足原文，只推一步；排除法：排除过度推理和无推理的选项。口诀识别通常出现以下题干时，用此口诀解题。Whatcanweinferfromtheunderlinedsentence?Whatcanwelearnfromthelasttwoparagraphs?Fromthelastparagraph,wecaninferthat.AccordingtoParagraph3,wecaninferthat.口诀解题典例：TherewasanEnglishteacherinfifthgradewhocouldmagicallytakeustodifferentworldseverydaybytellingusstoriesandreadingtousfrombookswewouldotherwiseneverpickup.Thiswasoursecretandfuntimebecausefifthgraderswereconsideredtoooldtohavestoriesreadouttothem.WecaninferfromthisparagraphthatthestoriesA.weretoldinamagicwayB.werewrittenbytheteacherC.includedsomestudents'secretsD.leftthestudentswithhappymemories口诀解题答案解析根据文中"Thiswasoursecretandfuntime"可推断出，这些故事给学生们留下了美好的回忆，故选D。解题坑点注意选项无推理时，是错误的，但选项中出现“三错和一原文”的情况时，只能选“一原文"。母题6（2023·江苏镇江·统考中考真题）KatiewaswaitingforGulliver’scalls.Instead,shejustheardsparrowsmakingnoiseinthebushes.“MaybeGullivermissedtheharbour.”Dadsaid.Afterbreakfast,Katietookhercameratotheharbour.Allthecolourfulboatsmadeprettypictures,butnottheoneshewantedmost.KatiewavedtoErnest,heruncle’sneighbour,ontheboathouse.Thegull’sname,Gulliver,wasgivenbyhim.Thegull’ssizeandhissinglelegmadethebirditselfdifferent.ButErnesttoldKatiewhatGulliverdidthatfirstsummerKatieandherdadcamecaughteveryone’sattention.YoungKatielayinherstroller(婴儿车)onthefloatingdock(码头)whenUncleRalphandDadwererepairingboatsnearby.ThewavesfromthepassingboatmadeKatie’sstrollershakestrongly.“Kee-aah!Kee-aah!”Gullivermadetheloudestcry.DadandunclerushedtoKatieandstoppedthestrollerfromfallingintothewater.TheykeptacloseeyeatKatieafterthat.AnothersummerKatiewasthreeyearsold,shelikedtotoucheverything.ButDaddidn’twatchhereveryminutewhenshetriedtocatchsmallducksaroundorfishfromwater.“Kee-aah!Kee-aah!”Thegull’scrybroughtDadbackintime.HestoppedKatieasshetriedtofollowthesmallducksrunningtowardswater.Severalsummerspassed,andGullivercontinuedtocalloutasKatietriednewthings.ThissummerKatiedidtheusualby-the-seathingsshe’dlearnedtodo.Oneday,sherowedaboatoutbutwastrappedonarockbyastorm.Asshelookedupandtriedtocatchthelastwarmthofthesunshinethroughdarkclouds,shesawasinglewhitefeather.Agullfeather?Shesearchedtheskyforananswer.Puttingherarmsaroundknees,sheclosedeyestoholdinthetears(眼泪).“Kee-aah!Kee-aah!”Katiesatup.“Katie!Katie!”Soon,DadandUncleRalphappeared.“Howlucky!WeheardGulliveraswecamearoundtherocks,”UncleRalphsaid,“Atleast…itsoundedlikehim.Strange,hewasnowhereinsight.”Katierememberedthefeather.“IthoughtIheardhim,too.”—AdaptedfromthestorybyGillianRichardson16．Katietookacameratotheharbourinordertotakeapictureof________.A．Gulliver B．Ernest C．sparrows D．boats17．What’stherightorderofthefollowingeventsaboutKatie?①Shewastrappedonarockbyastorm.②Shelayinherstrolleronthefloatingdock.③Shefollowedthesmallducksrunningtowardswater.A．①②③ B．①③② C．②③① D．②①③18．WhichofthefollowingcanshowthechangeofKatie’sfeelingsinParagraph3?A．sad—peaceful—excited B．sad—excited—nervousC．helpless—hopeful—thankful D．helpless—thankful—nervous19．What’sthebesttitleforthestory?A．KatieandGulliver B．Katie’sHolidaysC．KatieandDad D．Katie’sTears【答案】16．A17．C18．C19．A【导语】本文根据GillianRichardson所写的故事改编，主要讲述了女孩Katie和海鸥Gulliver的故事。16．细节理解题。根据“KatiewaswaitingforGulliver’scalls.”可知，Katie想拍Gulliver。故选A。17．细节理解题。根据“YoungKatielayinherstroller(婴儿车)onthefloatingdock(码头)whenUncleRalphandDadwererepairingboatsnearby.”可知，她躺在浮动船坞上的婴儿车里，因此②排在第一位；根据“HestoppedKatieasshetriedtofollowthesmallducksrunningtowardswater.”可知，她跟着小鸭子朝水边跑去，因此③排在第二位；根据“Oneday,sherowedaboatoutbutwastrappedonarockbyastorm.”可知，她被暴风雨困在岩石上，因此①排在第一位。故选C。18．推理判断题。根据“Oneday,sherowedaboatoutbutwastrappedonarockbyastorm.”可推知，她被暴风雨困在岩石上应该是无助的；根据“shesawasinglewhitefeather.Agullfeather?Shesearchedtheskyforananswer.”可推知，当看到白色羽毛时，她应该是满怀希望的；根据“Soon,DadandUncleRalphappeared.”可知，爸爸和叔叔找到了她应该是感激的。故选C。19．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，主要讲述了女孩Katie和海鸥Gulliver的故事。故选项A“Katie和Gulliver”适合作为本文的标题。故选A。高频考点7：段落大意题解题口诀：见首也见尾段落首尾句，关注高频词：若遇转折词，主旨其后出。口诀识别阅读理解题中需要对段落大意进行总结时，用此口诀解题。口诀解题典例Today,manyhospitalsletinspeciallytraineddogstobringloveandcheertopatientsShayneisatherapy(治疗)dog.Shevisitschildrenwhoareinhospital.DogslikeShaynehelppatientsfeelcalm.Theyhelppeoplestaystrongduringthelonghospitalstay.Withthehelpofthedogs,thepatientscangetbettermorequickly.Whatisthemainideaofthisparagraph?A.Hospitalsneedmanyspecialdogs.B.Dogscanhelppatientsgetbetter.C.Patientsneedloveinthehospital.D.Doctorsaretoobusytoseepatients口诀解题答案解析根据段尾句“Withthehelpofthedogs,thepatientscangetbettermorequickly.”可知，本段主旨是"狗可以帮助患者康复",故选B。解题坑点1.要注意段落大意题的正确选项可能是同义改写，而非原文原句。2.如果段首段尾没有主旨句，则需要对段落内容进行归纳与整合。母题7（2023·山东济南·统考中考真题）Warmingtemperaturesandshorterwintersmightsoundliketheendofsnowdays.However,risingtemperaturesmayactuallycausesnowstormstodumpmoresnow,saysDavidRobinson.HeisaprofessoratauniversityinNewJersey.Hestudiesclimate(气候)change.TemperaturechangeisoneofthegreatestinEarth’sclimatechangeoveralongperiodoftime.Itcanhappennaturallyorbecauseofhumanactivities,suchasburninggasandcoal.Burningthesefuelsproducescarbondioxide(二氧化碳)andotherpollutantsintotheatmosphere,whichholdheatintheatmosphere,leadingtowarmerglobaltemperaturesovertime.Buthowcouldwarmertemperaturesleadtomoresnow?Togetsnow,youneedmoisture(水汽)andfreezingtemperatures(0℃orless),saysRobinson.Withoutmoistureintheair,thereisnoprecipitation(rainorsnow).Robinsonsaystherearesignsthatsnowstormsarebecomingstronger.Thisisbecauseofthisconnectionbetweenmoistureandprecipitation.“Thewarmertheairbecomes,themoremoistureitholds.So,ifit’swarmingandstillcoldenoughtosnow,youcangetmoresnow,”Robinsonsays.Ofthe10biggestsnowfallsinD．C．region,fivehappenedinthepast25years,accordingtotheNWS.Duringthatsametimeperiod,averagewintertemperaturesinD．C．increased.In1996,theaveragewintertemperaturewas1.8℃.In2020,itwas6℃.Weatherexpertssuggestthatrisingtemperaturesmaymakewintershorterandlesscold.Butfornow,thesnowisstillfalling.Oneday,wintermightnothaveanydaysbelowthefreezingtemperature.Oncetemperaturesstayabovefreezing,snowstormsbecomerain.Untilthen,wemightcontinuetoseestrongstorms.AccordingtoRobinson,thattimecouldcomesoonerthanwethink.Hesays,“Whenwelookback,yearsfromnow,wemayseethatthiswasthebreakingpoint.”20．Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A．HowEarth’sclimatechanges. B．Whatcausesrisingtemperatures.C．Whatproducescarbondioxide. D．Howpollutioninfluencesclimate.21．Whatwillthewarmingtemperaturescauseaccordingtothetext?A．Lesscoal. B．Drierweather.C．Longerwinters. D．Strongersnowstorms.22．Whatisthepurposeofparagraph5?A．TointroduceD．C．B．Toreportthebiggest10snowstorms.C．TosupportRobinson’sideas.D．Toshowtheincreaseoftemperatures.23．WhatdoesRobinsonthinkofthefuturewarmingtemperatures?A．Impossible. B．Serious. C．Meaningless. D．Amazing.24．Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A．Asciencemagazine. B．Astorybook.C．Asciencefiction. D．Atravelguide.【答案】20．B21．D22．C23．B24．A【导语】本文主要讲了温度上升与更多的暴风雪是否有关系的问题。20．主旨大意题。根据“Burningthesefuelsproducescarbondioxide(二氧化碳)andotherpollutantsintotheatmosphere,whichholdheatintheatmosphere,leadingtowarmerglobaltemperaturesovertime.”可知，第二段主要介绍了导致气温上升的原因。故选B。21．推理判断题。根据“Robinsonsaystherearesignsthatsnowstormsarebecomingstronger.Thisisbecauseofthisconnectionbetweenmoistureandprecipitation.”可知，变暖的温度会导致更强的暴风雪。故选D。22．推理判断题。根据“Ofthe10biggestsnowfallsinD.C.region,fivehappenedinthepast25years,…averagewintertemperaturesinD.C.increased.In1996,theaveragewintertemperaturewas1.8℃.In2020,itwas6℃.”可推知，作者在第五段通过陈述华盛顿地区的事实，进一步印证了Robinson的观点。故选C。23．推理判断题。根据“Oneday,wintermightnothaveanydaysbelowthefreezingtemperature.”以及“AccordingtoRobinson,thattimecouldcomesoonerthanwethink.”可推知，Robinson认为未来全球变暖，气温升高会很严重。故选B。24．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲了温度上升与更多的暴风雪是否有关系的问题。故可推知，文章可能来源于一本科学杂志。故选A。高频考点8：主旨标题题解题口诀：首尾高频转折法开头结尾高频词，转折之后现主旨。口诀识别当阅读题目中出现mainidea/title/topic等词时，则考查主旨标题，可以使用此口诀。口诀解题典例：Homeworkisyourteachers'wayofevaluating(评估)howmuchstudentsunderstandthelessonsinclass.Asastudent,youalwayshavetoomuchhomework,butyouhavetofinishit.Hereareafewtipstomakehomeworkless.★Makeahomeworkplan.First,writethetaskdowninyournotebook.Ifyouforgetit,pleaseasktheteachersagain.Second,useanyextratimeinschooltoworkonyourhomework.★Watchwhereyouwork.Findatableathomewhichdoesn'tneedtobeverylarge,justbigenoughtoputyourschoolthingsonit.You'dbetternotdoitbeforeacomputeroronyourcomfortablebed.It'shardforyoutoconcentrateon(集中精力于)yourhomework.★Gettowork.Whenyoustartyourhomeworkathome,dothehardestproblemsfirst.Later,whenyoufeeltired,youcandothesimpleones.Don'tspendtoomuchtimeonadifficultproblem.Youcanaskanadultoranelderfamilymemberforhelp,orcalloremailaclassmateforadvice★Havearest.Havinga15-minuteresteveryhourisgoodforyou.Afteryoufinishyourhomework,checkitover.Besuretoputitsafelyawayinyourbackpack.Nowyou'refreetoplayoutside.What'sthebesttitleforthispassage?A.WheretoDoYourHomeworkB.TheImportanceofHomeworkC.TheTeachersandYourHomeworkD.HowtoMakeYourHomeworkLess口诀解题答案解析本题文章含有多个小标题，此时主旨句通常位于首段最后一到两句话，所以直接定位到首段最后一句话"Hereareafewtipstomakehomeworkless."。这句话和D选项表达最相似，故选D。解题坑点主旨题解题过程中，一定要根据不同的文体使用不同的方法。若是含有多个小标题的文章，适合使用首尾法。若是文章首尾段没有总结类句子，则使用高频词法，或者转折词法。一定要具体情况，具体分析，所选句子不可“以偏概全”。母题8（2020·四川广安·统考中考真题）Therearequiteafewadvantagesofwearingschooluniforms(校服).Theideamayseemdisagreeableatfirst,butthinkingallthegoodresultsofwearinguniforms,youwouldbemorelikelytoenjoythem.Tea