2024-2025学年新教材高中英语课时素养评价十四Unit5RevealingnatureDevelopingideas含解析外研版选择性必修第一册

PAGE十五Unit5DevelopingideasⅠ.单句语法填空1.Theincreaseslowedto0.4percent,possiblyindicating(indicate)thestartofadowntrend.2.Shegetsinvolvedwithateamtocreatesomethingamazing(amaze).3.Thereportshouldserveasawarning(warn)tootherpotentialbuyers.4.Someplantspumpoutsmellychemicals(chemical)tokeepinsectsaway.5.Ofthesixpeopleinjured(injure)inthecrash,onlytwosurvived.6.Moresurprisingly(surprise),theworkersseemremarkablycheeryabouttheeverlongerhours.7.Exposuretoultravioletlightiscloselylinkedtoskincancer.8.DuringtheraceMrTaylortalkstothedriverusing(use)aheadset.9.Inthewest,peoplemakeitaruletosendChristmaspresentstotheirrelativesandfriends.10.SomeclaimthatsettingofffirecrackersisagoodpracticeofcelebratingtheSpringFestival.Butothersputforthoppositeviewsontheproblem.Ⅱ.完成句子1.Withtimegoingby(随着时间的消逝),Igraduallyadaptedmyselftotheschoollife.

2.Ithasbeenknownthat(众所周知)areasofchildren’sbrainscangrowwhentheylearnmusicoralanguage.

3.Wouldyouliketoshareyourexperiencewith(与……共享你的阅历)therestofthegroup?

4.Thebasicdesignofthecarisverysimilarto(特别类似)thatofearliermodels.

5.WhileIamwillingtohelp(虽然我很乐意帮忙),Idonothavemuchtimeavailable.

6.Asenseofhumorisoneofthewaysinwhichwerelaxandrecreateourselves.

幽默感是我们放松和消遣的途径之一。7.Somepeoplearesoterriblyinsincerethatyoucannevertelliftheyaretellingthetruth.

有些人特别虚伪,你根本说不准他们是否在讲实话。8.Thenovelisaboutafamilywhocan’tcommunicatewitheachother.

这部小说讲的是一个不能相互沟通的家庭。9.ItappearsthatwhatIsaidisuntrue,butIdidnotknowinglylietoyou.

看来我之前说的是错的,但是我并非有意向你撒谎。10.Weshouldputasideourdifferencesanddiscussthethingswehaveincommon.

我们应当抛开分歧,探讨一下我们的共同点。阅读理解ASomecaterpillars’warningsignals(信号)mayhaveevolved(进化)fromwalking.Ateam,writinginthejournalNatureCommunications,reportedthatthehair-likestructuresthelivingthingsusetomakesoundsevolvedfromlegs.Theteamstudiedcaterpillarswhichusethesestructurestocommunicatetheirownershipofleaves.Thismeansthecaterpillarsareableto“tell”strangerstogoawaywithoutriskinginjuryinfighting.“Thesearereallyinterestingcaterpillars,”saidDr.JayneYackfromCarletonUniversityinOttawa,Canada,wholedtheresearch.“Theymakesignalsusinghair-likestructureswhichareontheirbackends.”Thecaterpillarsdragthesestructuresacrosstheleaftomakescraping(刺耳的)soundswhenstrangersentertheareaoftheirleaves.“Whentheymakethissignal,thestrangersleave,”explainedDr.Yack.“It’slikesaying’I’mhere,getoutofhere—Ialreadyownthisleaf’.”Thescientistslookedatotherspecies(物种)withinthesamegroupofcaterpillarsandcreatedtheir“familytree”.Theyusedchemicalmarkers(标记物)toworkouttherelationshipbetweentheanimals,showingwhichinthegroupwerethemoreancientspeciesandwhichspeciesevolvedmorerecently.“Thosemoreancientspeciesactuallydon’thavethesesound-producingstructures.Theyhavelegsthattheyusetowalktowardsstrangers,”saidDr.Yack.Thesemoreancientspecies,sheexplained,walktowardsstrangersandtrytofightagainstthem.“Theycankilleachotherinthefighting,”Dr.Yackadded.Shesaidthattheevolutionofthescrapingshowhadallowedthecaterpillarstosolvetheirfightingwithoutinjury.“Soourideaisthatthesesignalsactuallyavoidharmtobothsides—theysolvefightinginamore’friendly’way.”Thestudyalsoprovidesamapofanevolutionaryprocessthatmanyotherbiologistsareresearching.【文章大意】本文是科普类说明文。文章主要介绍了一项探讨,探讨表明一些毛毛虫的警告信号是从步行进化而来的。1.Whatcanwelearnaboutcaterpillars’warningstructuresfromthetext?A.Theyhavethesameuseashair.B.Theyarefoundincaterpillars’heads.C.Theyareusedtofightagainststrangers.D.Theymayhaveevolvedfromcaterpillars’legs.【解析】选D。细微环节理解题。依据其次段的Ateam,writinginthejournalNatureCommunications,reportedthatthehair-likestructuresthelivingthingsusetomakesoundsevolvedfromlegs.(在《自然通讯》杂志上发表文章的一个探讨小组报告说,这些生物用来制造声音的毛发状结构是从腿上进化而来的)可知,它们可能是由毛毛虫的腿进化而来的。故选D。2.Accordingtothetext,Dr.Yack’steamdidNOT_______.

A.drawafamilytreeofcaterpillarsB.createamaptoshowhowcaterpillarsevolveC.studyspecieswithinthesamegroupofcaterpillarsD.makecleartherelationshipbetweendifferentspeciesofcaterpillars【解析】选B。细微环节理解题。依据最终一段的Thestudyalsoprovidesamapofanevolutionaryprocessthatmanyotherbiologistsareresearching.(这项探讨还供应了一个很多其他生物学家正在探讨的进化过程的地图)可知,Yack博士的团队没有创建一张地图来展示毛毛虫是如何进化的。故选B。3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“They”inthefifthparagraphreferto?A.Theancientspecies.B.Thechemicalmarkers.C.Thesound-producingstructures.D.Themorerecentlyevolvedspecies.【解析】选A。代词指代题。依据上文Thosemoreancientspeciesactuallydon’thavethesesound-producingstructures.(那些更古老的物种事实上没有这些产生声音的结构),可知,画线部分的意思是:它们有用来走向生疏人的腿,因此推断They指代“那些古老的物种”。故选A。4.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Howcaterpillarsevolved.B.Howcaterpillarswarnstrangers.C.Communicationbetweencaterpillars.D.Caterpillars’warningsignalsevolvedfromwalking.【解析】选D。主旨大意题。依据文章第一段的Somecaterpillars’warningsignalsmayhaveevolvedfromwalking.(一些毛毛虫的警告信号可能是从行走中进化出来的)以及下文对这个结论的探讨的介绍可知,文章主要讲解并描述的是毛毛虫的警告信号是从步行进化而来的。故选D。B(2024·杭州高二检测)Thehumanbodyisdesignedtomove.Butmodernlifestylesandofficejobsrarelygiveusthechancetomovearound.Asweknow,we’resittingwhilewe’reeating;wesitinthecarandwesitwhilewewatchTV.Andmanyofussitformanyhoursatwork.Newresearchshowsthatsittinglessthanthreehoursadaymightextendyourlifebytwoyears.PeterKatzmarzyk,ascientistattheUniversityofLouisianainthesouthernUnitedStates,saysthatsittingisubiquitousinourlives,meaningitissomethingwedoallthetime,everywhere.However,MrKatzmarzyksaysthatdoesnotmeanyoucansitfortherestofyourwakinghours.Healsosaysyoumayexerciseoften,“Wecan’tthrowawayphysicalactivity.It’sextremelyimportant.Wehave60yearsofresearchshowingusthat.”MrKatzmarzykandhiscolleaguesarepartofanewgenerationofresearchersstudyinghowsittingalldayaffectslengthoflife.“Studiesthathaveassessedtherelationshipbetweensittingandmortality(死亡率)ortelevisionviewingandmortalityareveryrare.There’sonlybeenafewofthem,actuallyfiveorsixnow,inthelastfourorfiveyears.”Theyfoundthatcuttingtelevisiontimetolessthantwohoursadaycouldaddonepointfouryearstolife.Luckily,changeisalreadycomingtosomeoffices,especiallyinthedesignofdesks.A“standingdesk”letspeoplestandwhiletheywork.Anothernewdesigniscalledthe“treadmilldesk”.Atreadmillisanexercisemachinethatletsyouwalkinoneplace.EvensomeU.S.schoolsarebeginningtoexperimentwithdesksthatarepartbicycletokeepchildrenmoving.That’soneofthestrategiesthatmanycompaniesareusingnow.MrKatzmarzykalsosaysstudyingthisproblemhasinspiredhisteamtomakeafewchangesintheirownlives.【文章大意】本文是一篇争论文。文章讲解并描述了现在的人们坐着的时间普遍较长,MrKatzmarzyk和他的团队的探讨坐一成天对人们生活的影响,人们因此也在探究在工作和学习中如何变更久坐的方式。5.Theunderlinedword“ubiquitous”isclosestinmeaningto_______.

A.dangerousB.impressiveC.comfortable D.common【解析】选D。词义揣测题。依据文中“...meaningitissomethingwedoallthetime,everywhere.”可知我们几乎每时每刻都在坐着,因此该词的意思是“通常的”,所以选D。6.WhichviewagreeswiththeopinionofMrKatzmarzyk?A.Sittinglongmayhelppeoplelivelonger.B.Exerciseisimportantanddon’tsittoolong.C.Peopleareunawareoftheharmofsittingtoolong.D.StoppingwatchingTVisanecessarybuthardtask.【解析】选B。细微环节理解题。依据第三段中的“Healsosaysyoumayexerciseoften,’Wecan’tthrowawayphysicalactivity.It’sextremelyimportant.’”可知选项B的内容:熬炼是重要的,不要久坐,与之相符。故选B。7.WhatdoesMrKatzmarzykthinkofhisstudyinParagraph4?A.It’sbeenignoredbymanyscientists.B.It’sastudythatbeginstoolate.C.It’sanentirelynewareaofstudy.D.It’sbeenahotsubjectforscientists.【解析】选A。推理推断题。依据第四段中“There’sonlybeenafewofthem,actuallyfiveorsixnow,inthelastfourorfiveyears.”,可知关于这一方面的探讨还不多,只是近四五年来才起先探讨,它被很多科学家忽视了,选A。8.Whyarethedesksofallkindsdesignedforthosewhositmore?A.Togivethemmorecomfort.B.Toimprovetheirworkefficiency.C.Toofferthemthechancetoexercise.D.Toseekpleasurewhileworking.【解析】选C。细微环节理解题。依据第五段可知各种办公桌是特地为了那些一天到晚都坐着工作的人而设计的,是为他们供应熬炼的机会,选C。Ⅰ.阅读理解(2024·潮州高二检测)Ifyoufindyourselfhittingthesnoozebutton(闹钟延时按钮)everymorning,don’tblameyourself.Yourworkschedulecouldbetoblame.Researchnowshowsthat,formanyofus,ourworkschedulesdon’tgowithournaturalbodyclocks—andexpertsareurgingemployerstotakenotice.Sleepisa“strategicresource”thatmostcompaniesareignoring.Whenworkschedulesarealignedwithpeople’snaturalsleeppatterns,theyproducehigherqualityandmoreinnovativeworkbecausetheyaremorefocused,lessstressedandgenerallyhealthier.Theoppositeisalsotrue—whenemployeesarenotgettingenoughsleeptheyaremorelikelytomakemajormistakesandsufferfromworkplaceinjuries.Butit’snotjustabouttheamountofsleepyouget.It’simportantthatpeoplerecognizeeverylivingthing,fromprimitivebacteriatohumanbeings,hasabiologicallydeterminedinternalbodyclock.Thisdetermineswhetheryouareanightowl(夜猫子),anearlybirdorsomewhereinthemiddle.Wedon’thaveanychoice.“It’slikefeet,”saidTillRoenneberg,aprofessorofchronobiology(生物钟学).“Somepeoplearebornwithbigfeetandsomewithsmallfeet,butmostpeoplearesomewhereinthemiddle.”Manycompaniesstarttheworkdayat8a.m.or9a.m.,puttingtheirworkschedulesindisagreementwiththeiremployees’bodyclock.Thismismatch,alongwiththepressuretobeproductiveandbeavailabletorespondtoemailortakecallsatallhoursofthedayandnight,meansthatmanypeoplesufferfromwhatiscalled“socialjetlag”.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,早晨人们总是无法起床,这是因为你的生物钟和工作时间不一样,当二者一样的时候有利于工作生活,不一样的时候就会带来很多问题。1.Theunderlinedword“aligned”inParagraph2means“_______”.

A.matched B.cooperatedC.conflicted D.shortened【解析】选A。词义揣测题。依据本句后半句叙述可知,人们生产质量更高也更有创新性,更加专注,压力更少,也更健康了。只有工作支配和自然的睡眠模式一样的时候才会产生主动的影响,故“aligned”意为“相配”,故A项正确。2.WhatdoesTillRoenneberg’sremarkmean?A.Theamountofsleepyougetcountsmuch.B.Anearlybirddoesbetterthananightowl.C.Weareborntohaveabodyclock.D.Mostpeoplehaveneithertoobignortoosmallfeet.【解析】选C。推理推断题。依据第三段最终两句“It’slikefeet,”saidTillRoenneberg,aprofessorofchronobiology.“Somepeoplearebornwithbigfeetandsomewithsmallfeet,butmostpeoplearesomewhereinthemiddle.”可知这位生物钟学教授认为人的生物钟和人的脚一样,都是生来就拥有的。故C项正确。3.Ifpeoplesufferfrom“socialjetlag”,theywill_______.

A.notbeascleverasotherpeopleB.failtofinishtheirdailytasksC.failtoadjusttheirbodyclockD.actasiftheywereinthewrongtimezone【解析】选D。推理推断题。依据最终一句可知当工作时间与人们的生物钟不一样的时候,人们的工作就会出现很多错误,这就是所谓的“社会时差”,似乎人们处于错误的时区之内。故D项正确。4.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.BodyclockandgoodworkhabitsB.Lateforwork?MaybenotyourfaultC.HowtoimproveyourworkefficiencyD.Urgentneedtochangeyourbodyclock【解析】选B。标题归纳题。文章是一篇说明文,早晨人们总是无法起床,这是因为你的生物钟和工作时间不一样,文章具体叙述了这一问题。依据第一段“Ifyoufindyourselfhittingthesnoozebuttoneverymorning,don’tblameyourself.Yourworkschedulecouldbetoblame.”可知,B项可以作为标题,而且问句可以引起读者的留意。文章并没有提到习惯和变更生物钟的内容,工作效率并非主要内容,故B项正确。Ⅱ.阅读填句依据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。Weatherinfluenceshealth,intelligenceandfeelings.1

InAugust,itisveryhotandwetinthesouthernpartoftheUnitedStates.2I3Forexample,inarecentreportbyscientists,IQofagroupofstudentswashighwhenaverystrongwindcame,butafterthestrongwind,theirIQwas10%lower.Thewindcanhelppeoplehavehigherintelligence.Veryhotweather,ontheotherhand,canmakeitlower.StudentsinmanyschoolsoftheUnitedStatesoftengetworseonexamsinthehotmonthsoftheyear.

Weatheralsohasastronginfluenceonpeople’sfeelings.Wintermaybeabadtimeforthinpeople.Theyusuallyfeelcoldduringthesemonths.Theymightfeelunhappyduringcoldweather.4Generallyspeaking,atabout18℃,peoplebecomestrongerandbetter.Lowairtemperaturemaymakepeopleforgetful.Peopleleavemorebagsonbusesandinshopsincolddays.

5Sometimes,itmaybethewe