专项07　动词和动词短语 学案 中考人教版英语语法专项复习

专项七动词和动词短语河北中考考情分析河北近六年的中考真题对动词的考查主要涉及实义动词、情态动词和感官动词的辨析及用法。对动词短语的考查主要是:1.同一动词+不同介词/副词;2.不同动词+同一介词/副词;3.不同动词+不同介词/副词。这些考查主要出现在单项选择、完形填空和词语运用中。预计2025年河北中考的完形填空还会考查动词(短语)词义辨析。近六年考查频次及分值如下表:考查点年份题号考查角度考题设置分值情态动词202434词义辨析及用法can/can’t/must/mustn’t1分202335can/can’t/must/mustn’t1分202436can/can’t/must/mustn’t1分202334Can/May/Must/Need1分动词词义辨析202442实义动词辨析、感官动词辨析listen/guess/report/search1分46phoned/followed/answered/accepted1分50joined/managed/supported/introduced1分202343call/praise/help/cheer1分44win/watch/join/report1分49feel/face/guess/give1分202441fly/swim/run/skate1分43protect/leave/find/share1分45hated/agreed/learned/decided1分50ask/show/change/record1分202337sounds/smells/tastes/feels1分45told/heard/invited/watched1分202342walk/jump/stand/sit1分47copy/write/print/read1分202440mistook/refused/chose/encouraged1分43work/fail/come/end1分续表考查点年份题号考查角度考题设置分值动词短语辨析202449不同动词+不同介词/副词giveup/fightfor/dependon/believein1分202434tryon/putdown/takeoff/throwaway1分202431pickup/puton/takeoff/throwaway1分202336同一动词+不同介词/副词putup/putout/putdown/putaway1分202444lookingat/lookingfor/lookingafter/lookingthrough1分202350不同动词+同一介词/副词hurryup/lookup/growup/dressup1分202338putup/cleanup/lookup/giveup1分50thinkabout/talkabout/careabout/hearabout1分单项选择❶(2024·河北)—Look!IsthatgirlAlice?—No,itbeher.SheisonatourinBeijingnow.

A.can B.can’t C.must D.mustn’t❷(2023·河北)Ifwefindabetterway,we’llfinishthejobfaster.

A.can B.can’tC.must D.mustn’t❸(2023·河北)Wearesupposedtoourhandbeforewespeakinclass.

A.putup B.putoutC.putdown D.putaway❹(2024·河北)—Michael,thisshirt.

—Oh,itlooksniceonme!A.tryon B.putdownC.takeoff D.throwaway❺(2024·河北)—DoIhavetohandinmyreportnow?—Ofcourse,you.We’regoingtodiscussit.

A.can B.can’t C.must D.mustn’t❻(2023·河北)Thetripreallyexcitingtome.HowIwishtogo!

A.sounds B.smellsC.tastes D.feels❼(2023·河北)yousmellsomethingburning?Goandseewhat’shappening.

A.Can B.MayC.Must D.Need❽(2023·河北)Somevolunteersaregoingtothecentralpark.Let’sjointhem.

A.putup B.cleanupC.lookup D.giveup❾(2024·河北)OnthefirstdayofChineseNewYear,wenewclothesandvisitpeople.

A.pickup B.putonC.takeoff D.throwaway考点一动词的分类分类用法示例实义动词表示动作或状态,有完整的词义,在句中作谓语实义动词数量很多,如play、watch、study、learn等系动词又叫连系动词,本身有词义,但不能独立作谓语,必须和表语一起构成谓语常见的系动词有be、look、become、feel、smell、keep等助动词本身无词义,不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语,帮助构成各种时态、语态、否定、疑问等结构常见的助动词有will、do、be、have等情态动词本身有词义,但不完整,不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语,表示说话人的态度,大多没有人称和数的变化常见的情态动词有may、can、must、need、should、would等从方框中选择合适的动词并用其适当形式填空watch,read,share,must❶You’llhavetothebooksbecausetherearen’tenoughforeveryone.

❷Momlikessoapoperas.Let’sbuyaTVforher.

❸Hemanybooksonthesubjectsofar.

❹—DoesthesportswatchbelongtoMary?—Itbehers.Sheistheonlyonewhowearsthesportswatchinourclass.

考点二实义动词实义动词按其后是否需要接宾语,可分为及物动词和不及物动词。分类用法示例及物动词带一个宾语Ifyouhaveanyquestions,youcanraiseyourhands.你们如果有任何问题,可以举手。带双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语,间接宾语常指人,直接宾语常指物)Myparentsgavemeanicegiftonmybirthday.(=Myparentsgaveanicegifttomeonmybirthday.)我的父母在我生日那天给了我一份精美的礼物。Iwillbuyyouanewdictionary.(=Iwillbuyanewdictionaryforyou.)我会给你买一本新词典。带复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)Pleasekeepthedooropen.请开着门。Ourteacherstellustostudyhard.我们的老师告诉我们要努力学习。不及物动词不带宾语Theyarerunningontheplayground.他们正在操场上跑步。后加介词,再带宾语Pleaselookattheblackboardandlistentome.请看黑板,听我说。从方框中选择合适的动词并用其适当形式填空warn,review,pay,lie,increase,promise,offer,compare❶WangNanabout500yuanforthisbackpack.Ithinkitwaskindofexpensive.

❷Stoptalking!Lookatthesignonthewall.Itusnottotalkloudlyhere.

❸TheBBCdocumentaryDuFu:China’sGreatestPoetDutoWilliamShakespeare,oneofthegreatestwritersoftheWest.❹—Haveyouchemistryforthecomingexam?

—Yes.I’mquitereadyforit.❺—Jack,let’shaveapicnicafterschool.—Sorry.IhaveFranktoworkonthebiologyreportwithhim.

❻Beingoverweighttheriskofhavingaheartproblem.You’dbetterexercisemore.

❼Itisveryrelaxingformetoonasofaafterlong-timestudy.

❽SamtookalanguagecoursewhichculturalactivitiesandhelearnedalotabouttraditionalChineseart.

考点三系动词类别词语含义示例状态系动词be是Theboyisveryclever.这个男孩很聪明。感官系动词look看起来Youlookbeautifulinthereddress.你穿着这件红色的连衣裙看着很漂亮。feel感觉;摸起来Thedressfeelssoft.这件连衣裙摸起来很柔软。smell闻起来Theflowerssmellsweet.这些花闻起来很香。sound听起来Themusicsoundsbeautiful.这首音乐听起来很优美。taste尝起来Thenoodlestastedelicious.面条尝起来很好吃。表示“变化”的系动词become变得,成为(天气变暖或变冷等)Theweatherbecomeswarm.天气变暖和了。get变得(天变黑、变长或变短)Thedaysgetlongerinspring.春天白天变长。turn变得(多指颜色)Theleavesturnyellowinautumn.秋天树叶变黄。go变成(多指由好变坏的变化)Thefoodhasgonebad.食物已经变质了。grow逐渐变得(常需要经历一个过程,慢慢地变化;通常用来表示身高、岁数、经验的改变)Manwillgrowold.人是会变老的。Shehasgrownmuchtaller.她长高了很多。持续系动词keepstayremain保持It’simportanttokeephealthy.保持健康很重要。表示“像,似乎”的系动词seem似乎,好像Heseemsveryhappy.他似乎很开心。从方框中选择合适的动词并用其适当形式填空turn,look,remain,sound,taste,get❶ThelittledancerfromAustralialovelyinthelongskirt.

❷Whenthegirlheardthewords,herfacered.

❸Theyoungshouldthenlookaftertheirparentsastheyolder.

❹Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butittobeseenwhethertheywillenjoyit.

❺Thefoodbetterthanitlooked.

❻Ilikesoftandgentlemusic.Itnice.

考点四助动词助动词用法示例bebe(am,is,are;was,were)+动词的现在分词(用于现在进行时和过去进行时)Iamwashingmyclothes.我正在洗衣服。WhatisTomdoing?汤姆正在做什么?WewerewatchingTVwhenthealarmwentoff.当警报响起的时候,我们正在看电视。be(am,is,are;was,were;willbe;have/hasbeen)+动词的过去分词(用于被动语态)IsJapanesetaughtinyourschool?你们学校教日语吗?Thebuildingwasdestroyedintheearthquake.这座大楼在地震中被毁了。Wherewillanewlibrarybebuiltinourcitynextyear?明年我们城市将在哪里建一座新图书馆?Thetaskhasn’tbeenfinishedyet.这项任务还没有完成。dodo(does,did)用于一般现在时和一般过去时Wedon’tgotoschoolonweekends.我们周末不上学。WhattimedoesJackgetup?杰克什么时候起床?DidMarycallyouthismorning?玛丽早上给你打电话了吗?havehave(has,had)+动词的过去分词(用于现在完成时和过去完成时)Ihaven’tbeentherebefore.我以前没去过那儿。Lucyhaspassedherdrivingtest.露西已通过了驾照考试。will/shallwill/shall(would/should)+动词原形(用于一般将来时和过去将来时)IwillvisittheUKnextweek.下周我要去英国。Whenshallwemeetagain?我们什么时候再见面?Hesaidhewouldcometoseemeifhewasfree.他说如果他有空就来看我。❶—everyoneinyourfamily(like)theChineseNewYear?—Yes,ofcourse.❷TheyaskedmewhatI(do)allafternoon.

❸He(live)inBeijingsincehewasborn.

❹NeitherEmmanorherparents(be)toAmerica,butallofthemspeakAmericanEnglishverywell.

考点五情态动词❶情态动词的基本用法情态动词含义及用法示例can表示能力,意为“能,会”Icanplaytheviolin.我会拉小提琴。表示允许,意为“可以”Youcanplaybasketballonweekends.你可以周末去打篮球。can表示请求CanIborrowyourbike?我能借一下你的自行车吗?can’t表示否定,意为“不会,不能”Ican’tgoshoppingwithyou.我不能和你去购物了。couldcan的过去式,意为“能,会”,表示过去的能力ShecouldspeakEnglishwhenshewasachild.她小时候就会说英语。在疑问句中表示委婉的请求,答语用can,不用could—CouldIuseyourbook?我可以用你的书吗?—Yes,youcan.是的,你可以。couldn’t意为“不会,不能”Icouldn’tdriveacarbeforeIleftschool.毕业前我不会开车。may表示请求、许可,意为“可以”MayIgonow?现在我可以走了吗?用于祈使句,表示祝福和祝愿,用法和wish相似Mayyourdreamcometrue.愿你的梦想成真。mightmay的过去式Hesaidhemightcometomorrow.他说他明天可能会来。表示请求、许可,语气比may更委婉MightIborrowyourbook?我可以借你的书吗?must表示主观看法,意为“必须,一定”YoumustfinishtheprojectbyFriday.周五之前你必须完成这个项目。mustn’tmust的否定形式,意为“一定不要,禁止”Youmustn’tplayontheroad.你一定不要在马路上玩。haveto意为“不得不,必须”,多表示客观需要,有人称、时态和数的变化Ihavetogonow.Mymotheriswaitingforme.我现在得走了。我妈妈正在等我。don’thaveto意为“不需要”,回答用must提问的问句—MustIcleantheroomnow?我必须现在打扫房间吗?—No,youdon’thaveto.不,你不必。should意为“应该”,表示要求或命令,也可以表示劝告或建议Weshouldprotecttheenvironment.我们应该保护环境。表示征询某人意见,常用于疑问句中ShouldItrusthim?我应该相信他吗?shouldn’t意为“不应该”Youshouldn’tbesocareless.你不应该这样粗心大意。need作情态动词时,主要用于否定句和疑问句中,意为“需要”Youneedn’tcomeifyouarebusy.如果忙,你就不必来了。needn’tneed的否定式,意为“不需要,没必要”,常用于must提问的否定回答—MustIgowiththem?我必须跟他们走吗?—No,youneedn’t.不,你不必。will表示询问、请求,用于疑问句中,常用于第二人称Willyoujoinusforadrink?和我们一起喝一杯好吗?won’twill的否定形式Hisparentswon’tlethimcome.他父母不会让他来的。would表示自愿做或主动提出做某事,如表示意志、愿望或决心等Shesaidshewouldtryherbesttohelpme.她说她愿意尽自己最大努力来帮助我。shall表示请求或征求对方的意见,多用于第一人称的疑问句中ShallIsendyouthebook?我把书给你寄过去好吗?hadbetter意为“最好”,简略形式为’dbetter,多用于第二人称,否定形式为hadbetternotYou’dbetterstayathomenow.你现在最好待在家里。❷情态动词表示推测的用法情态动词含义及用法示例can’t表示否定推测,意为“一定不,不可能”(可能性几乎为零),语气强烈LiMingcan’tbeintheclassroom.Ijustsawhiminthelibrary.李明不可能在教室。我刚刚在图书馆看见他了。can/couldcan和could表示现在或将来的推测,意为“可能;会”。can往往用于否定句和疑问句中,用于疑问句中时,can比could表示的“可能性”更大;could可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句中TheFrenchbookcouldbeAlice’s.ShestudiesFrench.这本法语书有可能是爱丽丝的。她学法语。must表示非常有把握的肯定推测,意为“一定,肯定”(100%的可能性)ThebookmustbeJenny’s.Hernameisonit.这本书一定是珍妮的。这上面有她的名字。may表示可能性,意为“有可能,也许”,用于肯定句中,表示把握不大的推测Thegirlmaybelost.这个女孩有可能迷路了。maynot表示否定推测,意为“可能不”,语气不确定Thatmaynotbetrue.那可能不是真的。might表示肯定推测,意为“有可能,也许”,可能性低于may,语气缓和,较委婉Johnmightcomethisevening,butI’mnotsure.约翰今天晚上也许会来,但是我不确定。❸情态动词的疑问用法和答语疑问句及答语示例由may或might引出的一般疑问句,肯定回答用may/can;否定回答用can’t/mustn’t—May/MightIsithere?我可以坐在这儿吗?—Yes,youmay(can)./No,youcan’t(mustn’t).是的,你可以。/不,你不能。由must引出的一般疑问句,肯定回答常用must/haveto;否定回答常用needn’t/don’thaveto—MustIhandinmyhomeworkthisafternoon?我今天下午必须交作业吗?—Yes,youmust(haveto)./No,youneedn’t(don’thaveto).是的,你必须。/不,你不必。回答以need引出的一般疑问句时,肯定回答用must/haveto;否定回答用needn’t/don’thaveto—NeedIdotheworkatonce?我需要立刻做这项工作吗?—Yes,youmust(haveto)./No,youneedn’t(don’thaveto).是的,你必须。/不,你不必。回答以could引出的一般疑问句时,回答用can,不用could—CouldIuseyourmobilephone?我可以用你的手机吗?—Yes,youcan./No,youcan’t.是的,可以。/不,不可以。用合适的情态动词填空(可重复使用,必要时可用其否定形式)need,should,must,can,haveto,could,would❶—Howbeautifulthepapercuttingis!Whomadeit?—ItbeLinda.She’stheonlyonethatcanmakeitinourclass.

❷—Mom,IbeateacherlikeyouwhenIgrowup?

—No,you.

❸—Excuseme,butwewaitinlinetogetonthesubway.

—I’msorry.❹—WouldyouliketovisitTianjinUniversitytomorrow?—Sorry,I’mafraidI.I’llworkasavolunteerinmycommunity.

❺Don’tworryyourselfaboutme.Itakecareofmyself.

❻Theysaidtheygivethepolicetheirfullcooperation.

❼—Somepeopledon’tshowtheirtalentsattheverybeginning.—Iagree.EvenEinsteinreaduntilhewasseven.

❽—Canyoucometomybirthdaypartytomorrowevening?—Sorry,Ican’t.Ivisitmysickgrandmotherinhospital.

考点六动词短语❶同一动词型短语示例come短语comeout出现;出版comeover顺便来访comealong出现;进展comeback回来comeup出现comedown流传下来comein进来comeacross(偶然)遇见(或发现)cometrue(希望、梦想等)实现cut短语cutdown削减;砍倒cutup切碎cutin插嘴cutinto切成,割成cutout删去;停止cutoff切断;停止keep短语keepon继续下去keepout留在外面keepaway(使)不靠近keepin留在里面keepoff使不接近keepupwith跟上look短语lookat看lookafter照顾;照料lookinto调查,观察lookout当心,留神lookup查阅;查找lookfor寻找lookaround环顾lookover把……看一遍lookthrough浏览lookback回顾lookupto尊敬;钦佩lookforwardto盼望lookoutfor留意,注意looklike看起来像put短语putup举起;搭建;张贴putdown写下;放下putback把……放回原处putinto放进;付诸putaway放好putout熄灭putoff推迟putthrough接通(电话)turn短语turnover翻身;(使)翻转turnout结果是,证明是turnon打开(电灯等)turnoff关掉(电灯等)turnaway把……拒之门外turnup开大;调高turndown调低,关小;拒绝turnin上交;上床睡觉turnto求助于turnaround(使)转身get短语getup起床geton上车(船、飞机等)getoff下车(船、飞机等)getdown使沮丧;下来;专注于getinto进入;陷入getto到达getback回来go短语goon继续goaway走开;离开;消失goahead前进goalong向前行进goby(时间)流逝goover复习;仔细检查godown下降goup上升;增长goout出去gothrough通过goback返回give短语giveup放弃givein屈服;让步giveaway捐赠;泄露giveout散发,分发giveover将……交出giveback归还;恢复take短语takeup占用;开始从事takedown记下;拆卸takeoff起飞;脱掉takeover接收;接管takein吸收;领会takeout拿出;除去;扣除takecareof照顾takeplace举行;发生takepartin参加takeafter(在外貌、性格等方面)与……相像taketheplaceof代替❷同一介词/副词型短语示例for短语askfor请求carefor关心;关怀leavefor动身去payfor为……付钱preparefor为……做准备searchfor搜寻;寻找sendfor派人去请standfor代表;象征waitfor等待thanksfor因……而感谢up短语addup加起来;合计bringup提出;养育,培养cheerup使振奋cleanup清理;打扫cutup切碎callup打电话dressup盛装打扮;装扮eatup吃光endup结束fixup修理;修补getup起床pickup开车接(人);捡起growup成长;长大hurryup赶快out短语blowout吹灭breakout(战争、火灾等)突然发生;爆发bringout使显现;使变得明显carryout执行;贯彻findout查明;发现setout出发,动身down短语breakdown停止运转;出故障calmdown平静下来shutdown关闭;停下diedown逐渐变弱或消失falldown倒塌,跌倒knockdown拆除;撞倒;击倒liedown躺下pulldown拆掉;推翻sitdown坐下writedown写下,记下away短语blowaway吹散;吹走getaway离开;逃脱passaway去世runaway逃跑takeaway带走;拿走throwaway扔掉about短语argueabout争论bringabout带来;造成careabout关心;在意hearabout听说hangabout闲逛;逗留talkabout谈论thinkabout考虑worryabout担心at短语aimat瞄准;旨在laughat嘲笑knockat敲pointat指向smileat冲……微笑shoutat对……大喊throw...at...把……扔向……off短语dropoff掉下;下降falloff减少;跌落gooff爆炸;发出巨响payoff还清(欠款等)sendoff发送;邮寄setoff动身;起程on短语agreeon就……达成共识comeon开始;快点儿dependon依靠;依赖feedon以……为食focuson集中于;关注holdon别挂电话;坚持keepon继续前行passon传递puton穿上;上演;增加tryon试穿workon从事于;继续工作with短语agreewith同意beginwith以……开始comparewith与……相比connectwith与……相连catchupwith追上;赶上comeupwith提出;想出dealwith解决;处理gowith与……协调partwith放弃,卖掉stay/keepintouchwith与……保持联系sharewith与……分享talkwith和……交谈in短语breakin非法强行闯入;打断谈话bringin引入cheekin报到;登记fillin填写handin上交takepridein对……感到自豪Ⅰ.用适当的介词或副词填空❶—Ihaven’twrittenyourphonenumberyet.Couldyousayitagain?

—Certainly.It’s8250-2336.❷Ifbuildingsfalldownwithpeopleinside,thesnakerobotscanhelplookpeopleunderthebuildings.

❸Pleaseremembertoshuttheelectricityandwaterbeforeyouleavethelaboratory.❹Youdon’tneedtolookeverynewwordinthedictionarywhilereadingEnglishnovels.

❺Cathysoldsomeofherthingsinayardsaleandgavethemoneytoachildren’shome.

❻Peoplenowinmanybigcitieshavetosetearlytoavoidtheheavytrafficinthemorning.

Ⅱ.根据汉语意思完成句子❶外面很冷,吉米!你应该穿上你的毛衣。It’scoldoutside,Jimmy!Youshouldyoursweater.

❷在宴会上,我和我的同桌将表演脱口秀来庆祝我们祖国的生日。MydeskmateandIaregoingtoatalkshowatthepartytocelebratethebirthdayofourmotherland.

❸你可以在听之前快速浏览这些问题。Youcanthequestionsquicklybeforelistening.

❹英语演讲比赛促使她表现出她最好的一面。结果,她现在更活跃了。TheEnglishSpeechCompetitionthebestinher.Asaresult,sheismoreactivenow.

❺我要求我的父亲六点半在学校门口接我,以便我们可以一起去拜访祖母。Iaskedmyfathertomeattheschoolgateat6:30sothatwecouldvisitGrandmatogether.

Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空❶Thepiecewhichwasplayedontheerhuespecially(move)her.

❷Themusic(sound)likebirdssinging.

❸Pleasewalkgentlyinthelibrary.Thestudentsare(read).

❹Sincewehavelaborcourses,wehave(develop)goodhabitsofsortingrubbish.

Ⅱ.从方框中选择合适的单词并用其适当形式填空guess,wear,forget,believe,belong,copy❶OurschoolstudentswilltraditionalclothestoexperienceSichuanOperanextweekend.

❷Ididn’tknowtheword’smeaning,soIhadto.

❸—Whosevolleyballisthis?—ItmusttoCarla.Shelovesplayingvolleyball.

❹It’swrongtootherstudents’homework.Youshoulddoitbyyourself.❺IhaveamemorylikeanelephantandIneveranything.

❻It’shardtoatreecandevelopfromasmallseed(种子).

Ⅲ.根据汉语意思完成句子❶我期待在河北雄安新区工作。IworkinginXiong’anNewAreainHebei.

❷今天下午我想要顺便拜访我朋友的家。Iwanttomyfriend’shomethisafternoon.

❸所有的小事情可以加在一起变成大事情。Allsmallthingscanandbecomebigthings.

❹如果你看到那个女孩,请指给我看。Ifyouseethatgirl,pleaseherforme.

❺到达火车站前,你要确保带了身份证。PleasetotakeyourIDcardbeforearrivingatthetrainstation.

❻杰克很棒,他没有让他的教练失望。Jackwasgreatandhedidn’thiscoach.

Ⅳ.短文填空AgirlnamedLiMeilivedhappily1.hermother.Oneyear,shewasgoingtoturneightanditwastimeforabigcelebration.LiMeiwasveryexcitedabout2.(celebrate)herbirthdaythatday.Hermotherhadalready3.(make)thehouseshinewithbeautifulballoons,differentkindsoftoysandflowers.

LiMeihadinvitedalotoffriendsandshewas4.(wait)eagerly(渴望地)forherfriendstoarrive.Soon,therewas5.knockatthedoor.Aboywithmessyhairanddirtyclothes6.(stand)atthedoor.LiMeibecameangryandshouted,“Goaway,boy!Don’tkeepstandingatmydoor.”LiMei’smothersawthisbutbeforeshecouldsayanything,LiMei’sfriends7.(come).Thegirlsplayedmanygamesandhadmuchfununtilevening.

Whentheyhadleft,LiMeisawthesameboystill8.(stand)acrossthestreet.Hermothersaidgently,“Youshouldinvitehiminandsharefoodwithhim.Yourhappinesswilldouble9.youshare!”LiMeiunderstoodand10.(invite)theboyin.Lat