2024-2025学年新教材高中英语Unit2WildlifeprotectionSectionⅠListeningandSpeakingReadingandThinking学案含解析新人教版必修第二册

PAGEUNIT2WILDLIFEPROTECTION藏羚羊TheQinghai­TibetRailway,stretchingintheQinghai­TibetPlateau(青藏高原),isthelongestrailroadintheworldatthehighestaltitude.StartingfromXininginQinghaiandendinginLhasainTibet，thisrailwayrunsfor1,956km.TheQinghai­TibetPlateauisoneofthreeareasinChinawiththemostfragileecologicalenvironment.Withanaverageelevationofover4,600meters,itishometoTibetanantelopes(藏羚羊),yaks,white­lippeddeer,snowleopardsandblack­neckedcranes,allofwhichareunderfirst­levelstateprotection.Basedonclosestudiesoftheanimals'regularhabitatsandpatternsofprocreation(繁殖)andmigration,33passageshavebeenopenedfortheseasonalmigrationsoftheanimals.TheTibetanantelopeislistedintheIUCN(国际自然与自然资源爱护联合会)RedListasathreatenedspecies.HohXilNatureReserveisoneofthenaturereserveswhichweresetupbythecentralgovernmenttoprotecttheseantelopes.Eachyear,TibetanantelopesmigratetothenorthernareawithacoolerclimateandrichwaterandgrassresourcestolambinJune－JulyandreturnwiththeiroffspringinAugust.TheQinghai­TibetRailwayliesrightintheirpath.InJune,2002,inordertoletsome30,000futuremotherantelopespasstheconstructionsitewithoutdisturbance,theworkersshutdowntheirmachinesandpulleddowntheirsignboardsandsignflags.Theystoppedworkingforfourdaystomakewayforthem.InAugust,whentheseTibetanantelopesreturnedwiththeirchildren,theystoppedworkingonceagain.Moreover,thebuildersdidtheirbesttoreducenoiseinareasclosetonaturereserves.Sofar,thenumberofTibetanantelopesinChinahasclimbedtoover80,000.开启欢乐学习之旅藏羚羊：体长135厘米，肩高80厘米，体重45～60千克，雌性略小。头形宽长，吻部粗大，鼻部宽敞略隆起。雄性具黑色长角。藏羚羊栖息于海拔3700～5500米的高山草原、草甸和高寒荒漠地带，早晚觅食，善奔跑。可结成上万只的大群。夏季雌性沿固定路途向北迁徙。由于常年处于低于零度的环境，通体被厚密绒毛，为中国一级爱护动物，已成立羌塘、可可西里、三江源等自然爱护区。藏羚羊主要分布于中国以羌塘为中心的青藏高原地区(青海、西藏、新疆)，少量见于印度拉达克地区。2008年北京奥运会祥瑞物中的福娃迎迎便是以藏羚羊为蓝本，以赞扬其能在严酷环境生存的坚韧生命力，表示挑战极限的精神，更以“羊”字谐音意喻“喜气洋洋”。模块核心素养导航SectionⅠListeningandSpeaking，ReadingandThinkingⅠ.重点单词1．postern．海报2．illegaladj.不合法的；非法的→illegallyadv.不合法地；非法地3．huntvt.&vi.打猎；搜寻；追捕→huntern4．immediatelyadv.马上→immediateadj.马上的；即刻的→immediatelyconj.一……就……5．speciesn．物种6．sharkn．鲨鱼7．alarmingadj.惊人的；使人惊恐的→alarmvt.使惊恐；使胆怯 ；使担忧n．恐慌；警报；警报器8．raten．速度；(比)率vt.划分等级→ratingn．等级；级别9．extinctadj.已灭亡的→extinctionn．灭亡10．massadj.大量的；广泛的n．大量；堆；群11．habitatn．(动植物的)生活环境；栖息地→habitationn．居住；住处；居处；聚居地12．awareadj.知道；发觉；有……意识的→awarenessn．意识；相识；感悟实力13．averagen．平均数；平均水平adj.平均的；正常的；一般的14．concernvt.涉及；让……担忧→concernedadj.担忧的；关切的→concerningprep.关于；就……而言15．livingadj.居住的；活的；在用的n．生活；生计→livev．住；居住；生存；活着adj.活的；现场直播的；实况转播的；现场演出的→aliveadj.活着的；在世的；16．adaptvi.适应vt.使适应；使适合→adaptableadj.能适应的；可修改的→adaptationn．适应；改编；改写本17．measuren．措施；方法vt.测量；度量；估量→measurementn．测量；度量；(某物的)尺寸，长度，数量18．authorityn．官方；当权；权威19．pressuren．压力；要求→pressvi.&vt.按；压；逼迫n．按；压；印刷；新闻20．whalen．鲸21．reserven．(动植物)爱护区；贮存(量)vt.预订；预留；保留22．plainn．平原adj.简洁明白的；直率的；平凡的→plainlyadv.清晰地；明显地；简朴地23．observen．视察(到)；凝视；遵守→observern．视察者→observationn．视察；监视→observatoryn．视察台24．beautyn．美；美人；美妙的东西→beautifuladj.美丽的；美丽的→beautifullyadv.美丽地；美丽地25．remindvt.提示；使想起→remindern．引起回忆的事物；提示人的事物；26．shootvt.&vi.射杀；射伤；放射→shotn．射击；枪声→shootingn27．profitn．利润；利益28．attackn．，vi.&vt.攻击；抨击29．effectiveadj.有效的；生效的→effectn．效应；影响；结果30．recovervi.复原；康复vt.找回；寻回→recoveryn．复原，复原；复得31．removevt.去除；移开；脱去→removaln．移植；解除；搬迁；撤职32．intendvi.&vt.准备；安排；想要→intentionn．准备；目的；意图→intentionaladj.有意的33．threatn．威逼→threatenvt.威逼；危及34．existvi.存在；生存→existencen．存在→existingadj.现存的；存在的35．harmonyn．和谐；融洽→harmoniousadj.融洽的；和谐的36．goodsn．商品；货物37．creaturen．生物；动物Ⅱ.重点短语1．onearth(放在疑问词之后表示强调)原委；究竟2．dieout灭亡；渐渐消逝3．awareof意识到；知道4．makeprogress取得进步5．onaverage平均6．beconcernedabout对……关切的；为……担忧的7．adaptto适应8．underpressure在压力下；承受压力9．makeout看清；听清；分清10．remindsb.ofsb./sth.使某人想起(类似的人或物)11．watchover爱护；照管；监督12．dayandnight日日夜夜；夜以继日13．indangerof处于……危急中14．takemeasurestodosth.实行措施做某事15．infrontof在……的前面16．trytodosth.设法做某事17．morethan超过；多于18．inharmonywith与……协调/和谐19．aslongas只要Ⅲ.重点句型1．Toourleft，snow­coveredmountainsdisappearintocloudsthatseemalmostcloseenoughtotouch.在我们的左边，白雪覆盖的群山消逝在好像近在咫尺、触手可及的云层中。2．This_iswhywe'rehere—toobserveTibetanantelopes.这就是我们来这里的缘由——视察藏羚羊。3．Watchingthemmoveslowlyacrossthegreengrass，I'mstruckbytheirbeauty.看着它们渐渐地穿过绿色的草地，我被它们的美丽所打动。4．“We'renottryingtosavetheanimals，”hesays.“Actually，we'retryingtosaveourselves.”“我们不是在试图挽救动物，”他说。“事实上，我们是在挽救自己。”5．Theirhabitatswerebecomingsmallerasnewroadsandrailwayswerebuilt.随着新的马路和铁路的修建，它们的栖息地变得越来越小。6．Zhaxiandothervolunteerswatchedovertheantelopesdayandnighttokeepthemsafefromattacks.扎西和其他志愿者日夜守护着这些羚羊，以确保它们不被猎食。7．Thegovernment，however，doesnotintendtostoptheprotectionprogrammes，sincethethreatstotheTibetanantelopehavenotyetdisappeared.然而，政府并没有准备停止这些爱护项目，因为对藏羚羊的威逼依旧存在。8．Onlywhenwelearntoexistinharmonywithnaturecanwestopbeingathreattowildlifeandtoourplanet.只有学会和大自然和谐共处，我们才不会成为野生生物和地球的威逼。1huntvt.&vi.打猎；搜寻；追捕[典型例句]Theseanimalsarenotforhunting;theyareprotected.这些动物不是用来猎杀的，它们是受到爱护的。I'vehuntedeverywherebutIcan'tfindit.我到处都找了，就是找不到。[思维拓展]huntfor搜寻；搜捕huntdown追捕；捉住huntern．猎人[即学即练]Detectives(侦探)havebeenhunting(hunt)himforsevenmonths.2eq\a\vs4\al(alarmvt.使惊恐；使胆怯 ；使担忧n.恐慌；警报；警报器)[典型例句]Idon'twanttoalarmyou,butthere'sastrangeman.我不想吓着你，不过有个生人。Environmentalistsarealarmedbythedramaticincreaseinpollution.污染的急剧加重令环保主义者胆怯 。Hejumpedupinalarm.他惊恐地跳了起来。Hedecidedtosoundthealarm.他确定发出警报。[思维拓展]eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(bealarmedby/atsth.因……而惊恐/胆怯 ,alarmsb.todo...惊得某人做……))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(inalarm惊恐地常作方式状语,raise/soundthealarm发出警报))[巧学妙记]Shewasalarmedatthesuddenalarm.突如其来的警报让她胆怯 。[即学即练]Theguardsounded(sound)thealarmassoonasheheardthesteps.3eq\a\vs4\al(raten.速度；比率vt.划分等级)[典型例句]Thedeathrateofbabiesisfalling.婴儿的死亡率正在下降。Thecarisrunningatasteadyrate.汽车正在以稳定的速度行驶。Theschoolswereratedaccordingtotheirexamresults.这些学校是按考试成果排名次的。[思维拓展]ratingn．等级；级别atarateof...以……的速度atanyrate无论如何；不管怎样atthisrate照这样发展下去[即学即练]Thewildanimalsaredyingoutatafastrate.4eq\a\vs4\al(awareadj.知道；发觉；有……意识的)[典型例句]Thechildrenwereawareoftheharmoftakingdrugs.孩子们意识到了吸毒的危害。Mostpeopleareawareofthedangersofdrunkdriving.大多数人知道酒后开车的危急。[思维拓展]be/becomeawareof对……知道、明白；意识到beawarethat/wh­clause察觉到；意识到asfarasI'maware据我所知makesb.awarethat...提示某人留意……makesb.awareof...使某人留意到……awarenessn．意识，明白developanawarenessof渐渐懂得lackofawareness缺乏相识[即学即练]Manypeoplelacktheawareness(aware)ofwildlifeprotection,resultinginhuntingtheanimalsillegally.5averagen.平均数；平均水平adj.平均的；正常的；一般的[典型例句]Hisaverageincomeistenpoundsaweek.他的平均收入为一星期十英镑。Perhapsyouareastudentofaverageintelligence.你可能是一个智力一般的学生。[思维拓展]anaverageof平均有(后跟数词)withthe/anaverageof平均为on(the/an)average平均地；在一般状况下above/below(the)average高于/低于平均数/水平uptotheaverage达到平均水平[易混辨析]average/common/ordinary/general/normal与usualaverage强调“平均的”。common强调“常见的，一般的”。ordinary强调“平常的，平淡无奇的”。general意为“普遍的，一般的”。normal形容人或者物符合常态或者常规，意为“正常的”。usual用来指事物，意为“通常的，惯常的”，含有“随风俗或者习惯而经常发生”之意，反义词为unusual。Coldsarecommoninwinter.感冒在冬天很常见。Hisordinarysupperconsistsofonlybreadandmilk.他平常的晚餐不过是面包和牛奶。Thisbookisintendedforthegeneralreader，notforthespecialist.这本书是为一般读者写的，不是为专家写的。Hertemperatureisnormal.她的体温正常。Hecamehomelaterthanusual.他回家比平常晚了些。[即学即练]Thetemperaturehereinsummeristwentycentigradeonaverage.6eq\a\vs4\al(concernvt.涉及；让……担忧)[典型例句]Sheconcernsherselfaboutherson'sfuture.(＝Sheisconcernedaboutherson'sfuture.)她为儿子的将来担忧。[思维拓展]concernoneselfwith/about关切；担忧beconcernedabout/for关切；担忧beconcernedwith与……有关asfarasI'mconcerned就我而言showconcernforsb.关切某人concernn．关切；担忧；与……相关show/expressone'sconcernabout/for对……表示关切/担忧concerningprep.关于；就……而言Thereisgrowingconcernaboutviolenceontelevision.人们对电视上的暴力内容日渐忧虑。Theconcernedparentsarefullofconcernaboutthematterwhichmayconcerntheirchild.忧心忡忡的家长特别担忧那件事情可能会涉及他们的孩子。[方法点拨]concerning介词，“有关；关于”；concerned意为“有关的，相关的”，常作后置定语。[即学即练]I'mconcerned(concern)aboutmymother'shealth.7eq\a\vs4\al(adaptvi.适应vt.使适应；使适合)[典型例句]Sheadaptedherselfquicklytothenewclimate.她很快适应了这种新气候。It'shardtoadaptthisnovelforthefilm.要将这小说改编为电影很困难。[思维拓展]adaptfor使适合于；为……改编/改写adaptfrom依据……改写/改编adaptoneselfto使适应或习惯于……adaptsth.to使某事物适应或适合……adaptableadj.能适应的；可修改的adaptationn．改编；改造；改写adaptto适应[方法点拨]adapt和adopt词形相近，但adopt意为“收养，接受”，留意拼法不同。[即学即练]Adapted(adapt)fromJ．K.Rowling'sbookseriesofthesametitle,the“HarryPotter”moviesareuniversallyacknowledgedasclassics.8eq\a\vs4\al(measuren.措施；方法vt.测量；度量；估量)[典型例句]Hemeasuredthelengthoftheroom.他量了房间的长度。Theropemeasures10metreslong.这根绳子有10米长。Weshouldtakesomemeasurestohelpthepoor.我们应当实行一些措施来帮助穷人。[思维拓展]bemeasuredby/in用……来衡量make...toone'smeasure按某人的尺寸做……takemeasures(todosth.)实行措施(做某事)[即学即练]Thegovernmenthastakenmeasures(measure)tobringdownthehighpricesofdailygoodstokeepthemarketstable.9eq\a\vs4\al(reserven.动植物爱护区；贮存量vt.预订；预留；保留)[典型例句]Therearealotofnaturereservesinthisvastarea.在这一广袤的地区有很多自然爱护区。Thecity'sreserveofwaterislow.该市的贮水量不大。I'dliketoreserveatableforthreeforeighto'clock.我想预订八点钟供三人用餐的桌位。Hestillreservedhisopinionsonsomepoints.在一些问题上，他仍旧保留自己的看法。Theseseatsarereservedforspecialguests.这些座位是留给贵宾的。[思维拓展]reservesth.forsb.为某人预订某物reserveone'sopinion/judgement保留自己的看法[即学即练]Adoubleroomwithabalconyoverlookingtheseahadbeenreserved(reserve)forhim.10eq\a\vs4\al(observevt.视察到；凝视；遵守)[典型例句]IfelthewasobservingeverythingIdid.我觉得他正视察我做的每一件事。Thepoliceobservedthatthedriverdidnotobservethetrafficrules.警察留意到那个司机没有遵守交通规则。[思维拓展]observesb.eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(dosth.,doingsth.))视察到某人eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(做了某事,正在做某事))observationn．[C，U]视察；观测observancen．[U](对法律、习俗的)遵守observern．[C]视察者；观测者[易混辨析]observe,watch,notice,see与lookobserve强调“留心视察”。watch表示“观看，观赏”或“监视”，一般被看的对象应处于运动状态。notice表示“偶然看到”，其内涵是“看到对象后要做出反应”。如：看到熟人经常打个招呼，看到一件事后在脑中进行推断。see表示“看到，望见；发觉，发觉”，侧重于结果，它不用于祈使句。look主要表示“看”的动作，不表示结果。[即学即练]Weobservedhimhanging(hang)aroundourhouse.11eq\a\vs4\al(remindvt.提示；使想起)[典型例句]Thatsongalwaysremindsmeofourfirstdate.那首歌总使我回忆起我们的第一次约会。Whatyou'vejustsaidremindsmethatImustgetsomecash.你刚才的话提示了我，我得带上一些现金。Thisstoryremindsmeofmychildhood.这个故事让我想起了我的童年。IremindedGeraldofhispromise.我提示吉罗德他曾许下的诺言。Pleaseremindmetowritetomymothertomorrow.请提示我明天给我母亲写信。[思维拓展]remindsb.of...使某人想起……remindsb.todo...提示某人做……remindsb.that/wh­从句提示某人……[即学即练](1)IlovethispartbecauseitremindsmeofwhyIfellinlovewithPiratesoftheCaribbeaninthefirstplace.(2)Passengersare_reminded(remind)thatnosmokingisallowedonthistrain.12shootvt.&vi.射杀；射伤；放射[典型例句]Threerobberswereshotdead.三个抢劫者被射死了。Themurdererwasshotinthebackwhiletryingtoescape.凶手试图逃跑时背部中枪。[思维拓展]shotn．射击；枪炮声Someonetookashotatthewolf.有人朝那匹狼开了枪。Weheardsomeshotsinthedistance.我们听见远处有几声枪响。[巧学妙记]shoot/shootatThefoxranawaybeforethehuntershotit.猎人没有射中那只狐狸，它跑了。Thenewsoldiershotatthetarget，butmisseditagain.新兵瞄准靶子射击，但又没有射中。[即学即练]Fiveyoungmenwerearrestedyesterdaybecausetheyhadshot(shoot)sevenendangeredanimals.13eq\a\vs4\al(attackn.，vi.&vt.攻击；抨击)[典型例句]Atdawnthearmyattackedthetown.军队在拂晓时向这座城镇发动了进攻。Thegovernmentwasattackedbythepress.政府受到新闻界的抨击。[思维拓展]attacksb.withsth.用某物攻击/攻击某人attacksb.for(doing)sth.因某事打击/责难某人underattack遭遇攻击beattackedwithadisease患病makeanattackon/upon...对……发动进攻heartattackn．心脏病发作[即学即练](1)Thekillerinsistedthatshewasdefendingherselfwhenattacked(attack)．(2)Theenemymadeanattackonthesmalltownlastnight.14eq\a\vs4\al(recovervi.复原；康复vt.找回；寻回)[典型例句]Shehasrecoveredfromtheoperation.她动了手术，且已经复原了。Wehaven'tyetrecoveredfromtheshock.我们还未从那次打击中复原过来。Theteamrecovereditsleadinthesecondhalf.下半场这支球队再度领先。Sheatoncerecoveredherselfandstoppedcrying.她马上冷静下来，并停止了哭泣。Ittookherafewminutestorecoverconsciousness.过了几分钟她才复原知觉。Thepolicerecoveredthestolenjewellery.警察找回了被盗的珠宝。[思维拓展]recoverfrom从……中复原过来recoveroneself静下心来recoverone'seyesight复原视力recoverconsciousness/strength复原意识/体力recoversth.(from...)(从……)找回某物recoveryn.复原；痊愈；回升；取回recoverableadj.可复原的，可痊愈的；可取回的[即学即练](1)LiuXiangisstillrecovering_fromhisoperation.手术后，刘翔仍在复原之中。(2)Heseemedupsetbutquicklyrecovered_himself.他显得不安，但很快静下心来。(3)Hehasmadeaslowrecovery_fromthestrain.他渐渐从惊慌中复原过来。15eq\a\vs4\al(removevt.去除；移开；脱去)[典型例句]Thebooksmaynotberemovedfromthelibrary.这些书不能带出图书馆。[思维拓展]removesth.fromsth.从……搬走/除去某物Heremovedthemudfromhisshoes.他弄掉了鞋上的泥。removefrom...to...从……搬到……removesb.fromschool开除某人，勒令某人退学removaln．移植；解除；搬迁；撤职[即学即练]Whenfatandsaltare_removed(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.16eq\a\vs4\al(intendvi.&vt.准备；安排；想要)[典型例句]Weintendednoharm.我们并无恶意。Iintendtocome/comingbacksoon.我准备很快就回来。[思维拓展]intend＋n.准备……，想要……intendtodo/doingsth.准备/安排做某事intend＋that从句准备/安排intendsb.todosth.准备让某人做某事intendsb.for...要使某人成为……intendedadj.有意的；有安排的intendedtarget/destination预期的目标/目的地beintendedfor为……而设计/准备的Itisintendedthat...按安排……intentionn．准备havenointentionfordoingsth.没准备做……withtheintentionofdoingsth.准备做……[巧学妙记]表示“准备做某事”的表达还有：①begoingtodosth.②beabouttodosth.③plantodosth.④meantodosth.⑤aimtodosth.[即学即练](1)Thecourseisintendedforstudentswhowishtoimprovetheirorganizationalskills.(2)Myearlyintention(intend)ofgardeningmayhaveoriginatedfrommylovefornature.17eq\a\vs4\al(existvi.存在；生存)[典型例句]Nothingexistsonthatplanetasthereisnowaterandnoair.那个星球上没有东西生存，因为那里没有水和空气。Theoldmanfounditdifficulttoexistonthelittlemoney.那位老人发觉单靠这点钱难以维生。[思维拓展]existin存在于……之中existon＝liveon靠……生存；靠……生活Thereexist(s)...有/存在……existencen．存在；生存；生活inexistence现存的；存在的comeintoexistence/being产生；存在existingadj.现存的；存在的[巧学妙记]ex(＝out,向外)＋ist(＝stand,承受)→在外经风雨承受苦难→生存；存在[即学即练](1)Thereexists(exist)anoldhospitalatthecorner.(2)Nooneknowswhensuchacustomfirstcameintoexistence(exist)．考点集训一单句语法填空1．Whalesarestillbeinghunted(hunt)andkilledintheArctic.2．Localbusinessesareclosingatarateofthreeayear.3．IwouldliketospeakforpandassothatIcanlearnmoreabouthowtoprotectthemandraisepeople'sawareness(aware)ofanimalprotection.4．Hewasahard­workingstudentandscoredaboveaverageinmostsubjects.5．Onaverage,wehelpatleastsixpersonsortwofamiliesperweek.6．Peopleareveryconcernedabouttheproblemsconcerning(concern)theenvironment.7．AsfarasI'mconcerned(concern),themoreyoupractisepaper­cutting,thebetteratityouwillbecome.8．Instead,wearediurnalcreatures,witheyesadaptedtoliving(live)inthesun'slight.9．Mike，MaryandIhadadiscussionabouttheadaptation(adapt)oftheclassicliteratureyesterday.10．Somemeasuresneedtobetakento_protect(protect)childrenfrombeinginfluencedbythesebadplaces.11．Herlanguage，asIhearit，isvivid,direct,andfullofobservation(observe)andwisdom.12．Anoticewasputupinordertoremindthestudentsofthechangedlecturetime.13．AsanOlympicsport，shooting(shoot)hasbeendevelopingsteadilywithonlythreeeventsin1896but17eventsatthemoment.14．Newspapersattackedthegovernmentforfailingtocuttaxes.15．Thedoctorcarriedoutaseriesoftreatmentsonher,andtoldherthatthekeytorecovering(recover)rapidlywastohavearelaxedmind.16．Removals(remove)areunpleasant,butitwillbenicewhenwegetintothenewhouse.17．Lastweek,IattendedanEnglishspeechcontestintended(intend)forhighschoolstudentsallovertheprovinceandwonfirstprize.18．Thereexistedanobviousconflictbetweentheaccountsofthewitnesses,soajudgmentwasnotannouncedincourt.1eq\a\vs4\al(onearth放在疑问词之后表示强调原委；究竟)[典型例句]Whyonearthwouldhewanttogotosuchaplace?他究竟为什么想去那么个地方？Wefeltpuzzled.Whatonearthdidtheywanttodo?我们都感到纳闷儿，他们究竟想干什么？Whatonearthareyouupto?You'rebeingsomysterious.你原委在搞什么鬼？这么神奇兮兮。[思维拓展]onearth(用于包含形容词最高级的名词短语后表示强调)世界上；人世间ontheearth在地球上Hewantedtobethefastestmanonearth.他想成为世界上跑得最快的人。Wecan'tdestroytheenvironmentontheearth.我们不能破坏地球上的环境。[即学即练]Withouttheforest,wecannotliveontheeartheither.2eq\a\vs4\al(dieout灭亡；渐渐消逝)[典型例句]Manyoldcustomsaregraduallydyingout.很多旧习俗在渐渐消逝。Manyspeciesofanimalsareindangerofdyingout.很多种动物都处于面临灭亡的危急之中。留意：out表示“熄灭；歼灭”等意义，再如putout熄灭(灯、火)；goout(灯、火)熄灭。[思维拓展]dieaway(声音、风、光等)渐渐变弱；渐渐消逝diedown渐渐变弱；渐渐平静dieoff相继死去；先后死去[即学即练]用dieout,dieaway和diedown填空(1)Manyrareanimalsaredying_out.Wemustfindwaystoprotecttheenvironment.(2)Althoughthewindnowdied_downcompletely,theairwasstillascoldasbefore.(3)Asthesoundofthemusicdied_away，thefilmcametoanend.3eq\a\vs4\al(makeprogress取得进步)[典型例句]As/Solongasyoustudyhard，you'llmakeprogress.只要你努力，你就会取得进步。Studywellandmakeprogresseveryday.好好学习，每天向上。WheneverIhearthissentence,Icanbemoreactiveandencouragemyselftomakeprogress.每当我听到这句话，我可以更主动地激励自己去取得进步。[思维拓展]makeprogressin在……方面取得进步(进展)[即学即练]Unlessyouimproveyourstudyhabits,youcan'tmakeprogressinphysics.4eq\a\vs4\al(indangerof在危急中；垂危)[典型例句]Hislifeisindanger.他有生命危急。Sheisindangeroflosingherlifeatanytime.她随时有失去生命的危急。[思维拓展]outofdanger脱离危急introuble处于麻烦之中[易混辨析]indanger,dangerousindanger“在危急中”，是介词短语，指人或物处于危急的状态。dangerous“危急的”，是形容词，指人或物对别的人或事物有危急。[即学即练]Howmanyfactoryworkersareindangeroflosingtheirjobs?5eq\a\vs4\al(infrontof在……前面；在……面前)[典型例句]Hedrovestraightintothecarinfront.他一下子撞上了前面的车。Wecanmeethalfanhourlaterinfrontofthebuilding.我们可以半小时后在大楼前面会合。[思维拓展]inthefront(of)在……内的前面Theseatinthefrontisfree.前面的座位没人坐。[易混辨析]infront(of)指在某物外的前面；inthefront(of)指在某物内的前部。[即学即练]Thereisabigdeskfortheteacherinthefrontoftheclassroom.6eq\a\vs4\al(makeout看清；听清；分清)[典型例句]Iheardthevoices,butcouldn'tmakeoutwhattheyweresaying.我听到有声音，却听不清他们在说些什么。Withsomanythingsmixedup,it'shardtomakeoutwhat'swhat.很多东西混在一起，分不清晰哪个是哪个。Thesecopiesaresodark.Ican'tmakeoutanyofthewords.这些复印本的颜色太深了，我看不清晰上面的字。[思维拓展]makefor朝……行进；对……有好处；有利于makeup组成；编造；化妆；占据makeupone'smind下决心，确定makeupfor弥补；补偿bemadeupof由……组成makesense有意义，讲得通makeup编造(说法、说明等)，虚构；组成；弥补；补偿；化妆；和好；整理[即学即练](1)Withoutmyglasses,Icouldn'tmakeoutwhetherthatfigureontheblackboardwasathreeoraneight.(2)Insomelanguages,100wordsmakeuphalfofallwordsusedindailyconversations.(3)Hardworkcanoftenmakeupforalackofability.7eq\a\vs4\al(watchover爱护；照管；监督)[典型例句]WillyouwatchovermyclotheswhenIhaveaswim?我游泳时你帮我看一下衣服好吗？Theydidnotwatchoverthisman.他们并没有监视这个人。[思维拓展]watchout(＝lookout)当心；提防You'llbeintroubleifyoudon'twatchout.你若不当心，就会有麻烦。watchforsb./sth.视察等待keepawatchon监视undertheclosewatch在严密的监视下[即学即练]用watch短语填空(1)Theremusthavebeenanangelwatching_overmethatday.(2)WhatproblemsshouldIwatch_out_forwhenbuyinganoldhouse?(3)You'llbecomeanalcoholicifyoudon'twatch_out.考点集训二单句语法填空1．ThereisnotahappycreatureontheearththanIamnow.2．Thewindhasdieddownquitealot.3．Scientistssaidthatthoseplantsdiedoutacenturyago.4．Mybiggestsatisfactionistomakeprogressinthejob.5．Anotherfamousanimalindangeristhegiantpanda，whosehabitatisinChina.6．Weshouldbebraveinfrontofdifficulties.7．Thestudentspresentatthemeetingcouldnotmakeoutwhathewastalkingabout;itwastoodifficultforthemtounderstand.8．Peasantsmakeupover80percentofthepopulationinthatdevelopingcountry.9．Watchout!There'sacarcoming.1Toourleft，snow­coveredmountainsdisappearintocloudsthatseemalmostcloseenoughtotouch.在我们的左边，白雪覆盖的群山消逝在好像近在咫尺、触手可及的云层中。(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句是snow­coveredmountainsdisappearintoclouds，thatseemalmostcloseenoughtotouch是that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词clouds，that在定语从句中作主语。(2)enough可以用做形容词、副词或代词：①作副词(句中的用法)。用于修饰形容词或其他副词，多置于被修饰词之后，其后常接for短语，todo短语，以及forsb.todo...结构。修饰动词时也常放在动词之后。如：Theboyisoldenoughtogotoschool.这个男孩到上学的年龄了。Shecouldn'trunquicklyenoughtocatchupwithhim.她跑得不够快，追不上他。Themeatisnotcookedenough.肉炖得不够熟。②作形容词。用于修饰名词，置于名词前，但修饰time时，放在time前后均可。如：Ihaveenoughtimetodothework.＝Ihavetimeenoughtodothework.我有足够的时间做此项工作。③作代词。可作主语和宾语。如：Ihavehadenough.Thankyou.我吃得已经够多的了，感谢。[即学即练]Ibecameconfidentenoughto_challenge(challenge)thegoodtennisplayers.eq\o(\s\up1(2),\s\do5())eq\a\vs4\al(Thisiswhywe'rehere—toobserveTibetanantelopes.,这就是我们来这里的缘由——视察藏羚羊。)(1)句式分析：句中包含了why引导的表语从句。(2)That/This/Itiswhy...表示“那/这就是为什么……”，why引导表语从句。Thatwaswhytheyrefusedtosigntheagreement.那就是他们为什么拒绝签订协议。Thedeadlineisnear.Thisiswhyweareverybusy.最终期限要到了，这就是为什么我们很忙。[思维拓展]It/This/Thatisbecause...这/那就是因为……Thereasonwhy...is/wasthat...……的缘由是……Hehasheartdisease.Thatisbecausehehasbeensmokingtoomuch.他有心脏病，那是因为他抽烟太多了。[即学即练]Igotuplatethismorning.ThisiswhyIwaslateforschool.3Watchingthemmoveslowlyacrossthegreengrass，I'mstruckbytheirbeauty.看着它们渐渐地穿过绿色的草地，我被它们的美丽所打动。(1)句式分析：本句中Watchingthemmoveslowlyacrossthegreengrass是现在分词短语作时间状语，相当于WhenIamwatchingthem...。(2)现在分词作状语用法浅析：eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(①可作时间、缘由、方式、伴随、结果等状语,②现在分词的逻辑主语通常与句子的主语一样,③若分词动作发生在谓语动作之前，分词用完成式))Hewalkeddownthehill,singingsoftlytohimself.他从山上走下来，一路哼着小曲儿。(伴随状语)Hedroppedtheglass,breakingitintopieces.他把玻璃杯弄掉了，结果杯子摔得粉碎。(结果状语)Hecamerunningintotheroom.他跑进屋来。(方式状语)Havingbeenheldbackbythetrafficjam,shecouldn'tgetthereontime.她因交通堵塞而被耽搁，无法准时到达那里。(缘由状语)Havingfinishedhishomework,hewentouttoplayfootball.完成作业后，他出去踢足球了。(时间状语)[即学即练]Thesunlightiswhiteandblinding,throwing(throw)hard­edgedshadowsontheground.eq\o(\s\up1(4),\s\do5())“We'renottryingtosavetheanimals，”hesays.“Actually，we'retryingtosaveourselves.”“我们不是在试图挽救动物，”他说。“事实上，我们是在挽救自己。句式分析：句中trytodosth.意为“设法做某事”。Itriedtopersuadehertogowithme，butfailed.我设法劝她和我一起去，但没胜利。[思维拓展]trydoingsth.尝试做某事Trywritingapoemonyourown.试着独自写首诗。[即学即练]Tryknocking(knock)onthebackdoorifthereisnoansweronthefrontdoor.eq\o(\s\up1(5),\s\do5())Theirhabitatswerebecomingsmallerasnewroadsandrailwayswerebuilt.随着新的马路和铁路的修建，它们的栖息地变得越来越小。(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句是Theirhabitatswerebecomingsmaller，asnewroadsandrailwayswerebuilt是as引导的时间状语从句。(2)句中as为从属连词，意为“随着”。It'sbecomingwarmerandwarmerasthespringdrawsnear.随着春天的接近，天气越来越温煦。[即学即练]Whowroteabookexplaininghowanimalsandplantsdevelopedastheenvironmentchanged?eq\o(\s\up1(6),\s\do5())Zhaxiandothervolunteerswatchedovertheantelopesdayandnighttokeepthemsafefromattacks.扎西和其他志愿者日夜守护着这些羚羊，以确保它们不被猎食。(1)句式分析：本句是简洁句。tokeepthemsafefromattacks是不定式短语作目的状语。(2)不定式作目的状语的用法：①不定式作目的状语多表示将来的动作，因此只有todosth.和tobedone的形式，不能用完成式或进行式。如：Hetriedtobeagoodchildtobelikedbyhisparents.为了被父母喜爱，他努力做一个好孩子。②有时为表示强调，可在不定式前加上inorder/soas,但是soastodo不行位于句首。如：为了拿到奖学金，她刻苦学习。→(Inorder)Towinthescholarship,shestudieshard.→Shestudieshard(soas)towinthescholarship.③当不定式有自己的动作执行者时，也就是说当不定式的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一样时，要用不定式的复合结构，即在不定式前加“for＋名词或宾格代词”。如：Heopenedthedoorforthechildrentocomein.他打开门让孩子们进来。[即学即练]Theygotupearlyinthemorningto_catch(catch)theearlybus.eq\o(\s\up1(7),\s\do5())Thegovernment，however，doesnotintendtostoptheprotectionprogrammes，sincethethreatstotheTibetanantelopehavenotyetdisappeared.然而，政府并没有准备停止这些爱护项目，因为对藏羚羊的威逼依旧存在。(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句是Thegovernment，however，doesnotintendtostoptheprotectionprogrammes，后面是since引导的缘由状语从句。(2)since的用法：①conj.意为“因为，既然”。Sinceyouareunabletoanswer，perhapsIshouldasksomeoneelse.既然你回答不了，或许我该问别人。②conj.(常与现在或过去完成时连用)意为“自……以来；从……以后”。IthadbeenayearsinceSusanbecameblind.苏珊失明已经一年了。③prep.(常与现在或过去完成时连用)意为“自……以来；从……以后”。Ihavenotheardfromhimsincelastyear.自从去年以来我始终没有收到过他的信。④adv.(常与现在或过去完成时连用)意为“从那时以后；后来”。Ihavenotseenhimsince.从那以后，我就没见过他。[即学即练]Ihaven'tvisitedmyteachersinceIgraduated.eq\o(\s\up1(8),\s\do5())Onlywhenwelearntoexistinharmonywithnaturecanwestopbeingathreattowildlifeandtoourplanet.只有学会和大自然和谐共处，我们才不会成为野生生物和地球的威逼。(1)句式分析：本句是倒装句。正常语序是：Wecanstopbeingathreattowildlifeandtoourplanetonlywhenwelearntoexistinharmonywithnature。(2)“only＋状语(从句)”位于句首时，句子(或主句)要部分倒装。如：Onlyinthiswaycanyoumakeimprovement.只有用这种方法你才能有所提高。OnlywhenIreachedthetopofthemountaindidIfeelagreatsenseofachievement.只有当我到达山顶时，我才有极大的成就感。[思维拓展]部分倒装的常见状况：(1)nor，neither，never，seldom，little，bynomeans，rarely，scarcely，innoway等表示否定或半否定的词(组)位于句首时，句子部分倒装。(2)notuntil、“only＋状语(从句)”位于句首时，句子(或主句)部分倒装。(3)so/such...that...句型中，so/such置于句首时，主句部分倒装。(4)nosooner...than...，hardly/scarcely...when...中，nosooner，hardly/scarcely位于句首时，主句部分倒装。(5)notonly...butalso...连接并列分句，且notonly位于句首时，notonly所在的分句部分倒装。(6)as/though引导的让步状语从句，形容词、名词、动词提前构成部分倒装。(7)虚拟条件句中，条件从句中的if省略，而把were，had，should等提前，构成部分倒装。NevershallIdothisagain.我再也不会做这种事情了。Hardlyhadhearrivedwhenitbegantosnow.他刚到，天就下起雪来了。Tiredashewas，hestayeduplate.虽然很疲乏，可他很晚才睡。[巧学妙记]口诀巧记部分倒装：only修饰副介状，位于句首半倒装；否定意义副连词，位于句首须倒装；so和such置句首，主句主谓要倒装；notonly开头句，所在分句须倒装；had，were，should置句首，条件从句半倒装。[即学即练]Onlyifyouworkhardcanyoupassthetest.考点集训三单句语法填空1．Weareoldenoughto_make(make)decisionsofourown.2．Iwaslateforclassthismorning.ItisbecauseIgotuplate.3．Walking(walk)inthestreetyesterday，Imetoneofmyclassmates.4．Hetriedto_live(live)onhisownforalittlewhile，thenreturnedhome.5．Astimegoesby，thecomputerisbecomingsmallerandsmaller.6．We'llhavetosaveasmuchaspossibleto_pay(pay)forthenewhouse.7．Theyhavelivedinthathousesincetwoyearsago.8．Ithasbeenthreemonthssincehemovedtothiscity.9．OnlyinthiswaycanyoulearnEnglishwell.Ⅰ.单词拼法1．Theworld'stropicalforestsaredisappearingatanevenfasterrate(速度)thanexpertshadthought.2．Thechangeinclimatemightbeoneofthecausesfortheextinction(灭亡)ofdinosaurs(恐龙)．3．Onhisdeskisamass(堆)ofbooksandpapers.4．Withmyownhouse,mydreamisthatIhavemyownhabitat(栖息地)．5．Infact，solittledoweknowabouttheuniversethatwearenotevenaware(知道)howitcameintobeing.6．It'ssaidthatthenewspaperofficereceivesanaverage(平均数)ofnearly100articlesaday.7．Nowadayspeoplearemoreconcerned(担忧的)about/fortheenvironmentwheretheylive.8．I'mtryingtopersuadehimtogiveuptheattempttomakealiving(生计)bywriting.9．Theolderapersonis,theslowe