人教版高考英语一轮复习讲义必修一　Unit4Earthquakes

第一部分基础知识必修一Unit4Earthquakes1.学习并理解“中国唐山地震的不眠之夜”“地震后重建的新唐山”“美国旧金山1906年地震”。2.了解地震的有关知识，学习在地震或突遇的灾难中如何自救、救人。Whatistheheadlineofthenewspaper?Arethereanyfrighteningeventstoday?Icanjudgeyouarefrightened.Oh,hereisanearthquake.Whatshockingnews!Waterpipesburst.Brickwallsandmetalbarswereinruins.Electricitywashardtoget.Millionsofbuildingsweretrappedinthedirt.Thewellswereburiedandthecanalsweredestroyed.Thequakecauseddamagetothenation.Thewholenationwouldsufferfromextremepains.Youcannotfindtracksofthealive.Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend.Agreatnumberofcoalminershadnoshelter.Itisuselesscrying.Rescueworkersweregivingahandsincerely.Weshouldcongratulateourselvesonlivinginasafeplace.Expresssincerethankstothereporters,whomadeothersknowthedisaster.1.inruins严重受损；破败不堪2.rescuen.&vt.援救；营救3.judgen.裁判员；法官vt.断定；判断；判决4.rightaway立刻；马上5.congratulatevt.祝贺1.电很难接通。Electricitywashardtoget.2.看起来世界末日好像到了。Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend.3.哭泣是没有用处的。Itisuselesscrying. ★earthquaken.地震★burstvi.(burst,burst)爆裂；爆发★eventn.事件；大事★nationn.民族；国家；国民★ruinn.废墟；毁灭vt.毁灭；使破产★sufferingn.苦难；痛苦★extremeadj.极度的★injurevt.损害；伤害★dirtn.污垢；泥土★destroyvt.破坏；毁坏；消灭★shockvt.&vi.(使)震惊；震动★trapvt.使陷入困境n.陷阱；困境★electricityn.电；电流；电学★disastern.灾难；灾祸★uselessadj.无用的；无效的；无益的★digout掘出；发现★frightenvt.使惊吓；吓唬★buryvt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏★sheltern.掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处★damagen.&vt.损失；损害★expressvt.表示；表达n.快车；速递★frightenedadj.受惊的；受恐吓的★frighteningadj.令人恐惧的★congratulationn.祝贺；(复数)贺词★sincerelyadv.真诚地；真挚地一、重点单词需牢记1.burstvi.(burst,burst)爆裂；爆发n.突然破裂；爆发burstin/into突然闯进；破门而入burstout突然迸发；爆发；突然激动地喊叫burstoutdoing...＝burstinto＋n.突然做某事burstwithanger/joy勃然大怒/乐不可支burstintocheers爆发出欢呼声Thepoliceburstthroughthedoor.警察破门而入。Therewasaburstoflaughterinthenextroom.隔壁房间里突然爆发出一阵笑声。2.ruinn.废墟；毁灭vt.毁灭；使破产ruinoneself毁掉自己inruins严重受损；破败不堪fall/eintoruin逐渐破碎bring...toruin使……失败；使……毁坏Therainruinedmypainting.这场雨把我的画给毁了。Anearthquakeleftthewholetowninruins.那次地震过后，全城到处是颓垣断壁。ruin、destroy、damage、hurt、harm、wound与injure★ruin强调一次性彻底毁灭，程度严重且不能修复。★destroy指通过有力或粗暴的手段使之毁灭或无用，一般不能或很难修复，有时用于比喻意义。★damage多指对价值和动能的破坏，以无生命的东西居多。★hurt多指肉体方面的伤害，常伴有痛感。作借喻时常指对精神或感情方面的伤害。★harm指被“损害，伤害”的东西不再完整、美丽。★wound主要指刀伤，枪伤，也可以指感情上的创伤。★injure“伤害，损害”，意义较广，着重指偶然事故对人或物的容貌、内部器官、生理机能的“损害”。3.shockvt.&vi.(使)震惊；震动n.休克；打击；震惊be/getshocked触电beshockedat对……感到惊讶ItgavemequiteashocktobetoldIwasseriouslyill.听说我的病很严重，我吃了一惊。Theywereshockedbyherrudeness.他们对她的无礼感到震惊。shockedadj.震惊的；震撼的shockingadj.令人震惊的；骇人听闻的4.rescuen.&vt.援救；营救rescue...from...把……从……营救出来eto/gotoone'srescue＝rescuesb.援救某人arescueteam救援队arescuemission救援任务rescueworkers救援人员Hedivedfromthebridgetorescuethedrowningchild.他从桥上跳入水中去抢救那溺水儿童。Thepolicecametohisrescueandpulledhimoutoftheriver.警察来救他，把他从河里拉了出来。5.trapvt.使陷入困境n.陷阱；困境trapsb./sth.into(doing)．..诱使某人/某物(做)……betrappedin被……困住Someminersweretrappedundergroundafterthecollapse.塌方后，有些矿工被困在地下。Thepolicesetatraptocatchthethief.警察设下了捉拿窃贼的圈套。trappern.设陷阱者；设陷阱捕兽者6.buryvt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏beburiedalive被活埋beburiedunder为……所压倒；沉浸于，忙于bury(oneself)in埋头于；专心于；退居于(乡间等)＝beburiedinburyone'sheadinthesand自欺欺人，逃避现实(来自鸵鸟的习性)Henryburiedthedeaddoginthebackyard.＝ThedeaddogwasburiedinthebackyardbyHenry.亨利把死狗埋在后院。Heisburyinghimselfinhisbooks,payingnoattentiontoanythingelse.他埋头于书本，其他事一概不问。7.congratulationn.祝贺；(复数)贺词congratulatevt.祝贺，向……道喜congratulations(tosb.)onsth.就……(向某人)祝贺congratulatesb.onsth.为某事向某人祝贺Theletterarrivedincongratulationofmygraduationfromtheuniversity.我收到了大学毕业的贺信。Congratulationsonyoursuccess!祝贺你获得了成功！Wecongratulatedhimonhavingpassedtheexam.我们祝贺他通过了考试。8.judgen.裁判员；法官vt.断定；判断；判决judgesb./sth.by/from通过……判断……judgingfrom...从……来看，根据……判断Hisfatherusedtobeajudge.他的父亲过去是一名法官。She'sagoodjudgeofwine.她是鉴别酒的专家。Theblindcan'tjudgecolours.盲人无法判断颜色。Don'tjudgeamanbyhislooks.不要以貌取人。Judgingfromwhathesaid,hemustbeanhonestman.从他所说的话来看，他是个诚实的人。二、重点短语需精通1.thinklittleof不重视；认为……没有价值Shethoughtlittleofmywork.她不看重我的工作。Hethoughtlittleofmysuggestion.他不重视我的建议。thinklittle/poorly/nothingof轻视；忽略thinkmuch/highly/wellof重视；看重，评价高Whatdoyouthinkof...？认为……怎么样？thinktwice再三考虑thinkabout考虑；回想；想起thinkof考虑；记忆，记起thinksth.over仔细想；谨慎思考；作进一步考虑thinksth.out认真考虑；仔细盘算thinksth.up想出，发明2.rightaway立刻；马上I'llreturnthebooktoyourightaway.我会马上把书还给你。Ifwarbreaksout,weshallbecalleduprightaway.如果战争爆发，我们将立即被征召服役。rightnow＝atonce＝immediately＝innotime立刻，马上3.atanend结束；终结Thewarwasfinallyatanend.战争终于结束了。attheendof在……尽头；在……末端bytheendof到……结束时；到……时候为止intheend最后；终于etoanend结束put/bring...toanend结束……putanendto结束……；终结……4.a(great)numberof许多；大量的Igaveawaya(great)numberofbookstothechildrenthere.我向那儿的孩子捐献了许多书。表示“许多；大量”的词语可分为以下几类：eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(（1）alarge/great/goodnumberof,agreat/goodmany,agoodfew/quiteafew))＋可数名词复数eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(（2）agood/greatdealof,agreat/largeamountof,quitealittle))＋不可数名词eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(（3）alotof/lotsof,agreat/largequantityof,largequantitiesof,plentyof))＋可数名词或不可数名词eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(（4）manya,morethanone))＋单数可数名词＋单数谓语动词三、重点句式能熟用1.Inthefarmyards，thechickensandeventhepigsweretoonervoustoeat.在农家大院里，鸡甚至猪都紧张得不吃食了。句中含有too...to...结构，意为“……以至于不……”。Thesepillarsaretoothintocarrytheroof.这些柱子太细，支撑不住屋顶。too...to...句型在下列情况下表示肯定意义；(1)too后的形容词是anxious,eager,easy,glad,kind,ready时，too表示very、extremely的含义。(2)too前有only，but，all修饰时，表示“非常”。(3)和never,can't连用时，表示“非常，不会不”。2.Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend!仿佛到了世界末日！asif＝asthough意为“仿佛，像，似乎”，通常用在be，look，seem，sound，taste，smell及feel等连系动词的后面。如果表示真实情况应该用陈述语气；如果表示非真实情况则应该用虚拟语气，其谓语动词的虚拟式与wish后面宾语从句中谓语动词的虚拟式相同。引导方式状语从句时也要用虚拟语气。Howwildhiswhitehairlookedasifithadbeenelectrified!他的白发十分凌乱，好像触了电似的！(虚拟语气)Sheseemsasifsheisgoingtocry.她似乎要哭了。(陈述事实)Hebehavedasifnothinghadhappened.他表现得好像什么也没发生。(虚拟语气)asif(though)后面除了跟句子外，还可以跟名词、动词不定式、形容词(短语)、介词短语和分词。另外，asif(though)还可以表达感叹语气，来对某项建议、假设和推测表示不赞成、惊讶、不满和厌恶等。Asifwewereallstupidandhealoneclever!哼，就仿佛我们都是傻瓜只有他一个人聪明似的！Heraisedhishandasiftotakeoffhishat.他举起他的手，好像要取下帽子。3.Allhopewasnotlost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。本句中使用了部分否定，即all...not＝notall...都是“部分否定”，也称“半否定”。all，both，each，every，everyone，everything，always，whole，wholly，entirely，altogether等具有总括意义的词与否定词not连用时，一般都表示部分否定，其中all，both,each，every无论在not之前还是之后，都表示部分否定，表示“不都；并非都”。Allthatglittersisnotgold.发光的不一定都是金子。Notallbodylanguagesmeanthesamethingindifferentcountries.并非所有的肢体语言在不同的国家里都有相同的意思。Eachmachinehereisnotproducedinourplant.这里的机器不全是我们厂生产的。而no，none，never，nobody，neither，nothing，nomore，nolonger等表示否定意义的词与谓语一起使用构成了全部否定。 四、话题写作多积累训练四：写报道报道就是把获得的信息快速而准确地用书面形式进行传递。它的结构一般分为四个部分：标题、导语、主体、结语。新闻五要素(5W)缺一不可，指的是时间(when)，地点(where)，人物(who)，起因(why)，结果(whereupon)。(1)标题解大意：浓缩概括全文的中心实质问题。用来说明消息内容，通常以醒目的文字出现在消息之上的简短文字，能简明扼要地向读者揭示新闻的主要内容，使其在最短的时间内获取最多的信息。(2)导语述事实：通常为文章的第一段。文章的第一段提供主要话题和最主要的事实。它是新闻文体区别于其他文体的特有概念。通常包含5W和1H。(3)正文细道来：在导语的基础上，引入更多的与主题相关的事实，使之更加详实、具体，并展开评论，进而得出结论。(4)结语来总结：报道的结语一般是最后一句话或者一段话，通常对全文内容作概括性的总结，或对新闻时间的发展趋势做出预测。I'dliketosaysomethingabout...Aterribleaccidenthappened.Hefinishedfirstintherace.Ithappenedthat...Hewentonridingthoughtheredlightwason.Goodnewsesoncrutches.Badnewstravelsquickly.报道写作时的注意事项(1)注意人称：除评论部分用第一人称外其余段落都应该用第三人称。(2)注意时态的正确使用：要用一般过去时。(3)注意新闻的必要要素不可缺少。 【例1】(1)用burst相关短语的适当形式填空①Thepolice__burst__into__the__house__(闯进屋子)andarrestedthethief.②Muchtomysurprise,she__burst__out__crying/burst__into__tears__(号啕大哭)theinstantshereadtheletter.(2)同义句改写Hearingtheinterestingstory，allthepeoplepresentburstintolaughter.Hearingtheinterestingstory，allthepeoplepresent__burst__out__laughing__．【例2】(1)根据汉语提示完成句子①Thebadweatherhas__ruined____(毁了)allmypleasurefortheholiday.②Alargenumberofchurches__were__ruined__(毁了)aftertherevolution.③Avillageoncesoattractivewas__ruined__(毁了).(2)从ruin、destroy、damage、hurt、harm、wound与injure中选择合适的单词完成句子①Thestrongwind__damaged__severalhouses.②Hefelloffthebikeand__hurt__hisarm.③Theearthquake__destroyed__manylives.④You'll__ruin__yourhealthifyougoonlikethat.⑤She'safraidthatintheirfighthewould__harm__thechild.⑥Thebullet__wounded__himintheleg.⑦Johnfelldownfromthetreeand__injured__hisback.【例3】用shock的适当形式填空①Mr.Smithgot__shocked__whenhetouchedthewire.②They__were__shocked__atthenews.③Jane,__shocked__atthenewsoftheearthquake,wasatalossforwords.④Earthquake__shocks__areoftenfeltinJapan.⑤Allthepeoplepresentfelt__shocked__atthe__shocking__news.【例4】(1)使用恰当的介词填空①Michaelrescuedaboy__from__drowning.②Theycame__to__hisrescueonhearinghiscry.③Werescuedhim__from__theenemy'scamp.(2)用rescue的适当形式填空①Themother,alongwithhertwochildren,has__been__rescued__fromthesinkingboatbyapassingship.②Thefiremen__rescued__fivechildrenfromtheburninghouseyesterday.【例5】使用恰当的介词填空①Weweretrapped__for__anhourinthetrafficjam.②Shewastrapped__in__theburninghouse.③Iwastrapped__into__tellingthepoliceallIknew.④Thethiefwastrapped__by__thepoliceinanoldhouse.【例6】同义句改写Becausesheburiedherselfinthefilm，shedidn'tknowitwassnowingoutside.①Burying__herself__in__the__film,__she__didn't__know__it__was__snowing__outside.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)②Buried__in__the__film,__she__didn't__know__it__was__snowing__outside.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)bury常借喻表示“埋头于……”“沉浸于……”，宾语常是思想、工作、事业等。【例7】用congratulate的适当形式填空①Heis__to__be__congratulated__forhissuccess.②Isendyoumywarmest__congratulations__onyoursuccess.congratulation用作祝贺语时，通常用复数形式；作为“祝贺”这一抽象意义时，通常用单数形式。③Theloser__congratulated__thewinneroftheracewhenthegamecametoanend.congratulate后不接带不定式的复合结构或that从句。【例8】用judge的适当形式填空①__Judging__fromhisappearance,hemustbearichman.②Inher__judgment,__hemustbefromthesouth.③Sometimesitisdifficultforscientiststomakea__judgment__aboutwhatmaybehappeningwithoutsignalsfromthespaceship.【例1】根据汉语提示完成句子①Thegovernment__thinks__much/highly/well__of__(非常重视)hisinventionbecauseit'llbenefitthecountry.②Thefoolishboss__thought__little__of__(不重视)mysuggestionsonthatproject.③He__is__thinking__about__(正在考虑)travellinginthesummerholidays.④Ican't__think__of__(想起)hisnamethen.⑤Please__think__over__(仔细考虑)whatIsaid.⑥He__thought__out__(想出)anewidea.

【例2】用rightaway的同义短语完成句子Iwantittypedrightaway,please.＝Iwantittypedright__now,__please.＝Iwantittypedat__once,__please.＝Iwantittypedimmediately,__please.＝Iwantittypedin__no__time,__please.【例3】用end的相关短语填空①HowmanyEnglishwordshadyoulearned__by__the__end__of__lastterm?②Hebecameanoutstandingdoctor__in__the__end__．③MyunclewillflytoChina__at__the__end__of__thisyear.④Thelonghotsummer__came__to__an__end__.【例4】单句改错①Inthepasttwoyears,thenumberofautomobileaccidentsinBeijinghavedecreased.have改为__has___________________________________________________②Thenumberofpetitorsarelimit.are改为is_________________________________________________________③Anumberofproblemshasarisen.has改为have_______________________________________________________④Largequantitiesoftherewaspolluted.was改为were_____________________________________________________①anumberof意为“一些，很多”，相当于many,后接可数名词复数，当它作主语时，谓语动词用复数。②thenumberof意为“……的数量、数目”，作主语时谓语动词用单数。③largequantitiesof＋名词作主语，谓语动词用复数。④largeamountsof＋不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数。【例1】翻译句子①Theropesaretoohighforchildrentoreach.那些绳子太高，孩子们够不着。②I'llbeonlytoopleasedtobeabletodothejobforyou.我能为您效劳，真是十分高兴。③Alltoosoonallthisended.很快这一切都结束了。alltoosoon总是太早；过得太快。④It'snevertoolatetolearn.活到老，学到老。【例2】根据汉语意思完成句子①他做起事来好像是个电视专家。Heactsasifhe__were/was__(be)aTVexpert.②你看上去似乎并不在乎。Youlookasifyou__don't__care__(notcare).③那棵树看上去好像很久没人给浇水了。Thetreelookedasifit__hadn't__been__watered__(water)foralongtime.④他说起罗马来好像他以前去过罗马似的。HetalksaboutRomeasifhe__had__been__(be)therebefore.⑤他张开嘴似乎要说什么。Heopenedhismouthasifhe__would__say__(say)something.＝Heopenedhismouthasif__to__say__(say)something.⑥看起来似乎要下雪了。Itlooksasifit__might__snow__(maysnow).⑦她待他如陌生人。Shetreatshimasifhe__were__(be)astranger.【例3】(1)根据汉语意思完成句子①并非什么都好。Everything__isnotright.②没有什么能改变她的想法。Nothing__canchangehermind.(2)将下列句子改为全部否定①Noteverythingshedidpleasedhim.Nothing__she__did__pleased__him.②Bothofthemarenotmybrothers.Neither__of__them__is__my__brothers.③Idonotrememberallthedetails.I__do__not__remember__any__of__the__details.④Sheisnotalwaysexcited.She__is__never__excited.(2018届辽宁沈阳模拟)5月1日，高三(5)班的学生志愿者LiHua和ZhangFan去阳光敬老院(SunshineNursingHome)开展志愿者活动(送水果、打扫、聊天等)。假如你是校英语报的记者，请按下列要点用英语写一则100～120个词的新闻报道。1.时间、地点、任务、活动；2.老人们的反应；3.简短评论。注意：报道的标题和记者姓名已给出(不计词数)。StudentVolunteersBroughtSunshinetotheElderlyOnMayDay,twostudentsfromClassFive,GradeThree,LiHuaandZhangFan,wenttoSunshineNursingHometodosomevoluntarywork.Whentheyarrived,theyreceivedawarmwele,andoutofrespect,theygavetheelderlyflowersandfruits.Then,theyimmediatelybegantowork.Firsttheycleanedthewindowsandthensweptthefloor.Aftereverythingwasfinished,LiHuaandZhangFansatintheyardandchattedwiththeelderlypeople.Whenitwastimeforthetwovolunteerstoleave,theelderlypeoplesaidtheyappreciatedtheirkindnessanditwassuchabeautifuldaythattheywouldrememberitforever.LiHuaandZhangFanwereveryhappybecausewhattheydidhasbroughtjoytoothersandenrichedtheirownlives.ByLiuYue,SchoolNewspaper1.标题醒目：标题中的关键词是StudentVolunteers和Elderly。2.导语概括：导语陈述了事件的时间、地点、人物和内容摘要。3.正文详述：本段详细描述了事件经过。志愿者受到了老人们的欢迎。而从志愿者的诸多活动(送水果、打扫、聊天等)和老人们的反应可以看出这次活动取得了很大成功。4.结语概括：最后，对此次志愿者活动进行评价。考向一在语法填空中设题1.(2017全国卷Ⅰ)Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth，______isnotgoodforthehealth.2.(2017全国卷Ⅲ)Sarah，______hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.【答案】1.which考查定语从句。吃太多的脂肪和盐对健康有害。句中含有定语从句，先行词tohavetoomuchofboth，定语从句中缺少主语，因为是非限制性定语从句，所以用which引导。2．who考查定语从句。句中含有非限制性定语从句，先行词为Sarah，故要用who。考向二在阅读理解中考查“人和自然”话题(2016北京卷，B)SurvivingHurricaneSandy(飓风桑迪)NatalieDoan,14,hasalwaysfeltluckytoliveinRockaway,NewYork.Livingjustafewblocksfromthebeach,Nataliecanseetheoceanandhearthewavefromherhouse.“It'stheoceanthatmakesRockawaysospecial，”shesays.OnOctober29,2012,thatoceanturnedfierce.Thatnight,HurricaneSandyattackedtheEastCoast,andRockawaywashitespeciallyhard.Fortunately,Natalie'sfamilyescapedtoBrooklynshortlybeforethecity'sbridgeclosed.WhentheyreturnedtoRockawaythenextday,theyfoundtheirneighborhoodinruins.ManyofNatalie'sfriendshadlosttheirhomesandwerelivingfaraway.Allaroundher,peopleweresuffering,especiallytheelderly.Natalie'sschoolwassodamagedthatshehadtotemporarilyattendaschoolinBrooklyn.Inthefollowingfewdays,themenandwomenhelpingRockawayrecoverinspiredNatalie.Volunteerscamewithcarloadsofdonatedclothingandtoys.Neighborsdevotedtheirsparetimetohelpingothersrebuild.Teenagersclimbeddozensofflightsofstairstodeliverwaterandfoodtoelderlypeopletrappedinpowerlesshigh－risebuildings.“MymomtellsmethatIcan'tcontrolwhathappenstome，”Nataliesays.“ButIcanalwayschoosehowIdealwithit.”Natalie'schoicewastohelp.Shecreatedawebsitepagematchingsurvivorsinneedwithdonorswhowantedtohelp.NataliepostedintroductionaboutaboynamedPatrick,wholosthisbaseballcardcollectingwhenhishouseburneddown.Withindays,Patrick'scollectionwasreplaced.Intheingmonths,herwebsitepagehelpedlotsofkids:Christopher,whoreceivedanewbasketball;Charlie,whogotanewkeyboard.Nataliealsoworkedwithotherorganizationstobringmuch－needsuppliestoRockaway.Hereffortsmadeherafamousperson.LastApril,shewasinvitedtotheWhiteHouseandhonoredasaHurricaneSandyChampionofChange.Today,thescars(创痕)ofdestructionarestillseeninRockaway,buthopeisintheair.Thestreetsareclear,andmanyhomeshavebeenrebuilt.“Ican'timaginelivinganywherebutRockaway，”Nataliedeclares.“Myneighborhoodwillbeback,evenstrongerthanbefore.”1.WhenNataliereturnedtoRockawayafterthehurricane,shefound________.A.somefriendshadlosttheirlivesB.herneighborhoodwasdestroyedC.herschoolhadmovedtoBrooklynD.theelderlywerefreefromsuffering2.AccordingtoParagraph4,whoinspiredNataliemost?A.ThepeoplehelpingRockawayrebuild.B.Thepeopletrappedinhigh－risebuilding.C.Thevolunteersdonatingmoneytosurvivors.D.Localteenagersbringingclothingtoelderlypeople.3.HowdidNataliehelpthesurvivors?A.Shegavehertoystothekids.B.Shetookcareofyoungerchildren.C.ShecalledontheWhiteHousetohelp.D.Shebuiltaninformationsharingplatform.4.Whatdoesthestoryintendtotellus?A.Littlepeoplecanmakeabigdifference.B.Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.C.EastorWest,homeisbest.D.Technologyispower. 【语篇解读】Natalie是一个14岁的孩子，她生活的地方遭到了飓风桑迪的袭击，受灾严重。看到人们在帮助家乡重建，Natalie也加入了进去，Natalie创建网站来分享求助信息，帮助捐赠者找到需要的受助者。Natalie的行为得到了社会的认可和表扬。1．B段落大意题。A项未提及；根据第三段最后一句话可知，学校没有搬走，而是暂时去Brooklyn上学，排除C；根据第三段第三句话排除D；根据第三段第一句话可知，他们的街区被飓风毁了，故选B。2．A细节理解题。根据第四段第一句话可知，那些帮助Rockaway恢复重建的人给了Natalie鼓舞。故选A。3．D根据倒数第三段的第一句话可知，Natalie创建了一个网站来分享和匹配求助信息和捐赠信息。故选D。4．A写作意图题。根据倒数第二段的最后一句话可知，Natalie的助人行为得到了社会的认可和赞扬，说明小人物也可以有大作为，故选A。计策1：看标点符号确定是否是定语从句计策2：若是定语从句就判断从句类型计策3：看从句中缺少什么成分后选择关系词计策1：略读定大意本文介绍了一个普通女孩所做的大事。略读课文后可以得出以下判断：主人公：Natalie身份：student飓风前：luckytoliveinRockaway飓风后：unluckytobeattackedhard(第1题答案)决定：help原因：menandwomenhelpingRockawayrecover(第2题答案)方式：createdawebsite(第3题答案)结果：成功(第4题答案)计策2：细读找出处通过再次速读文章会发现：第2段第2句：Thatnight,HurricaneSandyattackedtheEastCoast,andRockawaywashitespeciallyhard.呈现了本来在这里幸福生活的Natalie和她的邻居们遭遇到的前所未有的打击，与第1题的B项中的herneighborhoodwasdestroyed吻合。第4段第一句话Inthefollowingfewdays,themenandwomenhelpingRockawayrecoverinspiredNatalie.说明正是那些救助Rockaway的人们鼓舞了Natalie，让她有了一个大胆的想法，与第2题的A项的ThepeoplehelpingRockawayrebuild吻合。第7段第1句话Shecreatedawebsitepagematchingsurvivorsinneedwithdonorswhowantedtohelp.说明Natalie觉得通过利用网络让更多的人帮助受灾者，而网站的性质也有“广而告之”的功能，与第3题的D项的Shebuiltaninformationsharingplatform表述吻合。第一段第一句话NatalieDoan,14,hasalwaysfeltluckytoliveinRockaway,NewYork.说明Natalie本来是一个普通的纽约女孩，但是她的大胆设想和努力付出帮助了更多需要帮助的人，而倒数第二段最后一句话LastApril,shewasinvitedtotheWhiteHouseandhonoredasaHurricaneSandyChampionofChange.说明她的付出得到了认可和赞扬，说明她做到了“人小鬼大”。计策3：了解网络的功能文章中的website和第3题中的informationsharingplatform有异曲同工之妙，是考生应该了解的网络的基本常识。一、词汇拓展1.quaken.震动→__earthquake__n.地震2.nationn.民族；国家；国民→__national__adj.民族的3.dirtn.污垢；泥土→__dirty__adj.脏的nationalholiday国庆日4.suffervt.&vi.遭受；忍受；经历→__suffering__n.苦难；痛苦5.extremeadj.极度的→__extremely__adv.极度地6.injurevt.损害；伤害→__injury__n.损害7.survivevi.幸免；幸存；生还→__survivor__n.幸存者；生还者；残存物→__survival__n.幸存8.usen.用途vt.使用→__usage__n.用法→__useless__adj.无用的；无效的；无益的→__useful__adj.有用的9.shockvt.&vi.(使)震惊；震动n.休克；打击；震惊→__shocked__adj.震惊的→__shocking__adj.令人震惊的10.electricadj.电的→__electrical__adj.与电有关的，用电的→__electronic__adj.电子的→__electricity__n.电；电流11.minen.矿；矿山；矿井→__miner__n.矿工12.reportvt.报道→__reporter__n.记者13.frightenvt.使惊吓；吓唬→__frightened__adj.受惊的；受恐吓的→__frightening__adj.令人恐惧的14.congratulatevt.祝贺→__congratulation__n.祝贺；(复数)贺词15.judgen.裁判员；法官vt.断定；判断；判决→__judgment__n.裁判；判断16.sincereadj.真诚的；真挚的→__sincerely__adv.真诚地；真挚地17.expressvt.表示；表达n.快车；速递→__expression__n.词语；表示；表达18.cyclevi.骑自行车→__cyclist__n.骑自行车的人→__bicycle__n.自行车→__recycle__vt.回收利用；再利用二、单句语法填空1.Theflood__destroyed__(destroy)alotofhousesandmanypeoplebecamehomeless.2.After__electricity__(electric)wascutoff,thelightswentout.disaster,calamity和catastrophe这三个词均可指不幸的灾难。3.__Disasters__(disaster)alwaysesuddenlyandcausealotofdamage.4.The__frightened__(frighten)girlwasspeechlessaftershesawtheterriblescene.5.Acaraccidenthappenedwithtwopeoplekilledandoneseriously__injured__(injure)．6.St.Petersburgwasalmostin__ruins__(ruin)afteritwasunderattackfor900daysbytheGermans.7.Therescueworkersputupalotoftentssothatthehomelesssurvivorscouldbe__sheltered__(shelter)．8.Pleasegivehimmy__congratulations__(congratulate)whenyouseehim.9.Theriver__burst__(burst)itsbanksandfloodedthevillage.10.Theywerebadly__shocked__(shock)bythenewsofherdeath.11.Thereare54studentsinhisclass,andone－thirdofthem__are__(be)girls.12.Her__injury__(injure)madeherretirefromtheStateDepartment.13.Luckilynoone__was__trapped__(trap)inaburninghouseyesterday.14.WangLinhadwonthefirstprizeinthe__national__(nation)examination.三、用短语的适当形式填空digout，thinklittleof，atanend，rightaway,anumberof,thenumberof,inruins,begone,judgingfrom,burstintotears,findasheltertohideattheend在……的末尾beatanend完毕beatone'swit'send无法可想1.Failingagaindoesn'tmeant