2024年高考二轮复习-攻克典型题型之阅读理解（3）词义猜测题

2/2（3）词义猜测题—2024届高考英语二轮复习攻克典型题型之阅读理解答题技巧技巧1：单词或短语意义猜测题该题型着重考查考生根据上下文猜测词义的能力，这也是一个从"已知"得出"未知"的过程,即利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是该词或短语前后的句子)进行推理,有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义。考查范围涉及对某个生词或短语的含义的猜测、对某个熟词进行生义的猜测或考查该词能被哪个单词或短语代替等。常见的设题形式：Theunderlinedwordinthesecondparagraphmeans"______".Whichofthefollowingwordsisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthelastparagraph?Theunderlinedword...inParagraph1canbestbereplacedby"______".Whatdoesthephrase...inParagraph2mean?技巧2：句意理解题句意理解题大多考查句子的寓意，而非字面含义，且与文章主旨或段落主题密切相关。常见的设题形式：Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmeans"______".WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph3mean?Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheunderlinedpartinthelastparagraph?技巧3：代词指代题代词指代题旨在考查考生对阅读素材的理解和把握能力。文章中的代词it，that，he，him，them等可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和that还可以指一件事。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的对象。题型训练一、There'sbadnewsforparentswhofrequentlyleavetheirkidsinfrontoftheTV:Itmightactuallyendupleavingmomsanddadsmorestressed.ThefindingscomefromaUniversityofArizona-ledstudy,whichexploresthepotentialeffectsofchildren'stelevisionwatchinghabitsontheirparents'stresslevels.Thelogicbehindthisisclear.Themoretelevisionkidswatch,themorethey'reexposed(接触)toadvertising,whichoftenfeaturesbrightcolors,upbeatmusicandflashycharactersandcanbeespeciallypersuasive,since,developmentally,childrenaren'tfullycapableofunderstandingadvertising'sintention."Themoreadvertisementstheysee,themorelikelytheyaretoinsistonpurchasingitemswhengoingwiththeirparentsandperhapsmakeafussiftold'no'.Allthatmayincreaseparents'overallstresswellbeyondasingleshoppingtrip,"saidleadstudyauthorMatthewLapierre.Thereareafewthingsparentscando,perhapsthemostobviousofwhichislimitingscreentime."Commercialcontentisthereforareason:toelicitpurchasingbehavior.So,ifthisisaproblem,maybeshutofftheTV,"Lapierresaid.Ofcourse,thatcanbeeasiersaidthandone,headmitted.Anotherthingparentscantry,especiallyasadvertisingtargetingchildrenrocketsaroundtheholidays:Considerhowtheytalktotheirkidsaboutconsumerism.Atthistime,effectiveparent-childconsumer-relatedcommunicationcanworkwell.Overall,communicationbetweenparentsandchildrenisabetterstrategyforreducingstressinparents.However,theresearchfound,thiscommunicativestrategyshowsdroppingreturnswhenchildrenaskformoreproductsorhavemoreconsumerconflictwithparents.Withtheriseofstreamingservices,however,manyviewersarenolongerbeingexposedtothetraditionaladvertisingofnetworkorcableTV.Advertisersarefindingcreativewaysaroundthat,forexample,throughproductplacementandintegrated(综合的)brandinginashow,Lapierresaid.Andadvertisingtowardchildrenremainsamultibillion-dollarindustry."Ingeneral,moretelevisionexposuremeansmoreexposuretoadvertisements.EvenifI'mstreaming,I'mlikelyseeingmoreintegratedbranding,"Lapierresaid,"suchhiddenadvertisingishardertodetectandhasagreaterinfluenceonchildren'sconsuminghabits,leavingparentsmorestressed.1.WhatdoesMatthewLapierreattempttoexploreinthestudy?A.TheinfluencethebadnewsonTVhasonparents.B.Children'sabilitytounderstandTVcommercials.C.Thestressthekids'watchingTVbringstoparents.D.StrategiestostopkidswatchingTVadvertisements.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"elicit"meaninparagraph3?A.Cause. B.Challenge. C.Practise. D.Guarantee.3.HowdoesLapierreconsidertheplacementadvertisinginstreamingservices?A.AsimpleandbettermeansofadvertisingaproductB.AhiddenwaytopromoteproductsorbrandstokidsC.Aneasywaytoavoidconflictsbetweenkidsandparents.D.AneffectiveapproachtokeepingkidsfromTVcommercials.4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.PeopleshouldkeepofftheinfluenceofTVadsB.AdvertisersmakecommercialcontentsappealingC.TVcommercialscaneducatethekidsunknowinglyD.Kids'exposuretoTVmakesparentsmorestressed二、Beforeyouworryaboutbaconandhowmuchitmaycostwhennewanimalwelfarelawsgointoeffectnextyear,let'stalkaboutthepigsthatgavetheirlivesforit.Californiahasbeenontheforefrontofprotectinganimalswholiveshortlivesonfactoryfarmseithertoproducefoodforusortobeslaughteredandsoldasfood.ThelatestadvancecameinNovember2018,when62.7%ofthestate'svoterssupportedProposition12,thePreventionofCrueltytoFarmAnimalsAct.Thelawbegangoingintoeffectlastyear,requiringhensandvealcalvestobegivenmorespacetolivein.StartingonJan.1st,thelawwillrequirethatalleggssoldinCaliforniacomefromcage-freehensandthatporksoldinthestatecomefrombreedingpigsthatarenotheldincages.Thesearehumanestepsdesignedtolifttheseanimalsoutofstructuresthatbarelyallowthemtomove.Porkproducershavehadthelongesttimetocomply(遵守).SomebigcompanieslikeHormelFoodshavepledgedtodosofully,butothershavespentthelastfewyearsfightingthelawratherthanfiguringouthowtoputitintopractice.TheysaythatthelawwillsignificantlyraisethepriceofporkandthatitviolatestheCommerceClauseoftheConstitution,whichgivesCongresssolepoweroverinterstatebusinessactivity.Sofar,thatfighthasbeenawasteoftimethatporkproducerscouldhavebetterspentfiguringouthowtoretrofit(翻新)theirfarms.Theyalsocomplainthattheregulationsonthelawarenotset.ButtheCaliforniaDepartmentofFoodandAgriculture,whichhasyettofinalizetheregulations,saysthatthedelayshouldnothavepreventedproducersfromretrofittingtheirhousingforbreedingpigs.Theagencyhaspubliclyposteddraftregulations,whichmostlyconcernrecord-keeping,certificationanddefinitionsofterms.Forfansofbaconandotherpork,anyriseincostisthepriceofnothavingapigsufferbeforeit'skilledforfood.It'sapricetheanimalsshouldn'thavetopay.5.WhatdoweknowaboutProposition12?A.Thelawwillcomeintoforcenextyear.B.Morespaceisrequiredforraisinghensandpigs.C.Raisinghensandpigsinlimitedspaceishumane.D.Halfofthestate'svoterssubscribedtoProposition12.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"pledged"inparagraph3mean?A.Suspect. B.Refuse. C.Promise. D.Hesitate.7.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtoparagraph3?A.Someporkproducershaveraisedthepriceofpork.B.Alltheporkproducersdon'tcomplywiththelaw.C.Porkproducershavewastedalotoftimeretrofittingtheirfarms.D.PorkproducersresisttheCommerceClauseoftheConstitution.8.Whichwordcanbestdescribetheauthor'sattitudetothenewanimalwelfarelaws?A.Skeptical. B.Conservative. C.Tolerant. D.Favorable.三、Thiswinter,theU.S.stateofCaliforniareceivedunusuallylargeamountsofrainandsnow.Now,peopleworrythatsomeareaswillfloodasthesnowintheSierraNevadaMountainsmelts(融化).RonCaetanolivesabouthalf-waybetweenthecitiesofLosAngelesandSanFrancisco.Heispreparingtoleaveincasehiscommunity,calledtheIslandDistrict,floods.Morethan100yearsago,theIslandDistrictareawasunderalargelakenamedTulareLake.Atonetime,TulareLakewasthelargestfreshwaterlakewestoftheMississippiRiver.Butreservoirs(水库)andwateringsystemsforagriculturecausedittodisappear.However,inveryrainyyears,farmlandcanstillgetcoveredwithwater.Expertssayreservoirsneartheareawilllikelyreceivethreetimesmorewaterthantheycanholdthisyear.Thatmeansofficialsmustincreasetheamountofwatertheyrelease(释放)fromthereservoirs.Iftoomuchwaterisreleased,theareamightflood.TheIslandDistricthasorganizedacommunitynetworktohelpprepareforfloods.Peopleareplacingsandbagsclosetoelderlyneighbors'housestoblockpossibleflooding.Andtheyarelookingatreportsfromwaterofficials,countyofficials,andfromeachother.Californiahashadverydryweatherinrecentyears.Bothcitiesandfarmcommunitiesacclaimedthisyear'swinterrains.Iftheweathergetswarmerslowly,thesnowwillnotmeltquicklyandtheremaybelittleornoflooding.Butiftheweathergetshotquickly,thatwillbringtroublefromtoomuchmeltingsnow.OfficialsannouncedplanstoclosepartsofYosemiteNationalParkbecauseofthreatsofflooding.Theparkisabout270kilometerseastofSanFranciscointheSierraNevadaMountains.NicholasPinteriswiththeUniversityofCalifornia,DavisCenterforWatershedSciences.Hesaidthelake'ssizehasalwayschangedbecauseofCalifornia'sweather.Hedescribedthesurroundingareathisway."Ithasbeenanengineeringproblemallalong,"hesaid."Thisisabathtub(浴缸)withnowayout."9.WhatmadeTulareLakedisappear?A.Lackofrainfall. B.Naturaldisasters.C.Humanbehaviors. D.Climatewarming.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"acclaimed"meaninparagraph6?A.Feared. B.Prevented. C.Stored. D.Welcomed.11.WhatmightpeopleofCaliforniahopetohappen?A.Thegovernmentcanhelpthemescape. B.Theweatherwillgraduallygetwarm.C.Therewillbemorerainthere. D.Officialswon'tletoffwater.12.WhatcanweinferfromNicholasPinter'swords?A.Itisdifficulttodealwiththeflood. B.Itiseasytokeepthesnowwater.C.Thesurroundingareaisunfittolive. D.Thelakeisalreadyoverflowing.四、Morethanhalftheworld'spopulationliveincities,andby2050theUNexpectsthatproportiontoreach68%.Thismeansmorehomes,roadsandotherinfrastructure.InIndiaalone,acitythesizeofChicagowillhavetobedevelopedeveryyeartomeetdemandforhousing.Suchaconstructionincreaseisabadsignfordealingwithclimatechange,becausemakingsteelandconcrete,twoofthemostcommonbuildingmaterials,generatesaround8%oftheworld'sCO2emissions(排放).Ifcitiesaretoexpandandbecomegreeneratthesametime,theywillhavetobemadefromsomethingelse.Woodisoneofthemostpromisingsustainablealternativestosteelandconcrete.Itisnot,however,everydaywoodthatisattractingtheinterestofarchitects.Rather,itisamaterialcalledengineeredtimber.Thisisacombinationofdifferentlayers,eachdesignedtomeettherequirementsofspecificpartssuchasfloors,panelsandbeams(横梁).Designerscanuseittoprovidelevelsofstrengthlikesteel,inaproductthatisupto80%lighter.Inaddition,engineeredtimberisusuallymadeintolargesectionsinafactoryforfutureuse,whichreducesthenumberofdeliveriestoaconstructionsite.AccordingtoMichaelRamageoftheUniversityofCambridge,awoodenbuildingproduces75%lessCO2thanasteelandconcreteoneofthesamesize.However,ifbuildingwithwoodtakesoff,itdoesraiseconcernabouttherebeingenoughtreestogoround.Butwithsustainablymanagedforeststhatshouldnotbeaproblem,saysDrRamage.Afamily-sizedapartmentrequiresabout30cubicmetersoftimber,andheestimatesEurope'ssustainableforestsalonegrowthatamounteverysevenseconds.Norisfirearisk,forengineeredtimberdoesnotburneasily.Besides,fireproofinglayerscanbeaddedtothetimber.Allinall,then,itlooksasifwoodasabuildingmaterialmaygetanewleaseoflife.13.WhyisIndiamentionedinparagraph1?A.Topointouttheseverepollution.B.Topredictthepopulationincrease.C.Toindicatethehighdegreeofurbanization.D.Toshowthegreatneedforbuildingmaterials.14.Whatcanbelearnedaboutengineeredtimber?A.Itisproducedatalowcost.B.Ithardlyappealstoarchitects.C.Ithelpssaveenergyintransportation.D.Itpossessesgreaterstrengththansteel.15.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"takesoff"inthelastparagraphmean?A.Becomescheaper. B.Gainspopularity.C.Requireslesswork. D.Provessustainable.16.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Peopleshouldmakefuturecitiesmoreattractive.B.It'simportanttoliveinaworldwithlessemission.C.Buildingsustainablecitieswithwoodsispossiblenow.D.Let'sgrowmoretreesforfuturebuilding五、Afterdecadesofargument,psychologistshaveapparentlyagreedthatarrangingone'sfeaturesintotheshapeofasmilehelpsbrightenthemood.Inotherwords,ifyouwanttofeelalittlehappier,trylookingalittlehappierfirst.Theideahasarockyhistory,though.Tosettlethematteronceandforall,NicholasColes,aresearchscientistatStanfordUniversity,organizedtheManySmilesCollaborationtoconductanexperiment,withwhichadvocates,criticsandthoseonthefencecouldallagree.Thepsychologistsrecruitednearly4,000peopleanddividedtheminto3groups.Thefirstadoptedthepen-in-mouthmethodtoactivatefacialmusclesforsmiling.Thesecondimitatedthefacialexpressionsofsmilingactors.Thethirdwastoldtomovethecornersoftheirlipstowardtheirearsandraisetheircheeks.Thevolunteersthenratedtheirhappinessastheypulledtheirfaces,woreneutralexpressions,andlookedatblankscreensorimagesofpuppies,kittens,flowersandfireworks.AccordingtoareportinNatureHumanBehaviour,thepen-in-mouthmethoddidlittleforemotions—perhapsbecausepeoplehadtobitetheirteethtogether.Buttheothertwoapproachesboostedhappiness,thoughtheeffectwassmall."Somepeoplebelievethatemotionalexperienceisverycognitiveandthatit'sdrivenbyourevaluationsofwhat'sgoingonintheworld.Thiswork,however,suggeststhatit'salsophysiological,"saidColes."Emotionalexperienceappearstobebuilt,inpart,onthefeedbackorsensationsfromthenervoussystem.Theacceleratedheartcanmakepeoplefeelanxiousandthestretchofasmilecanmakethemfeelhappy,"headded.Dr.MagdalenaRychlowska,whoworksonfacialexpressions,emotionsandcultureatQueen'sUniversityBelfast,saidsuchstudiesweretremendouslybeneficial"forpsychology."Asaresearcherworkingonhowfacialmovementsinfluenceourfeelings,Iamdelightedtoseethatanindependentstudyfoundsupportforthefacialfeedbackassumption,"shesaid.17.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph2mean?A.Peoplerefusetoaccepttheidea.B.Peoplehavedifferentviewsontheidea.C.Theideagainspopularityquickly.D.Theideahasstoodthetestoftime.18.Onwhatbasisdidthepsychologistsgettheirfindings?A.Howthevolunteersfelt. B.Howthevolunteersacted.C.Howthevolunteerslooked. D.Howthevolunteersthought.19.WhydoesColesmaketheseremarksinparagraph5?A.Topraisehisresearchwork. B.Tostatehisresearchfindings.C.Toputforwardanewproject. D.Tocriticizethemistakenbelief.20.WhatdoesRychlowskatalkaboutconcerningtheresearchfindings?A.Itsindependence. B.Itsapplication. C.Itssignificance. D.Itsappeal.六、"Allofoursensesconvert(转换)physicalenergyinthesurroundingworldintoelectricalresponses,whicharethecommoncurrencythatthenervoussystemuses,"saidJamesHudspethfromRockefellerUniversity.Hudspethsaid,"Ourearshavetoconvertmechanicalvibrations(震动)intheairintoelectricalresponses.Andthewaythisisdoneisthatthereareso-calledhaircells.Thesecellshavelittlemicroscopicbristles(刚毛),aboutahundredofthem,andonthetopofeachcell,thesebristlesvibratebackandforthinresponsetosound.Thatsetsupanelectricalsignalthatgoesdownanervefiberandintothebrain."Hudspethcontinued,"Therealquestioniswhathappenswiththesehaircellsastheydegenerate.Welosethemowingtoloudsoundsandcertaindrugs,andwelosethemwithaging.Whatcanbedonetorepairthemsothatwecanrestorehearing?"Anotherexpert,RobertFettiplacesaid,"Well,Imeantherearetwoaspectstothis,oneofwhichisthatyoucouldtryandregrowthem.Almostallhearinglossisduetodeathofthehaircellsorlackofformationoftheminthefirstplace.Thecellsarealldifferent."Hudspethsaid,"TheproblemsthatRoberthasmentionedgoformammals,includingourselves.Thesituationisdifferentwithotherfour-leggedanimals.But,inreptiles,includingbirds,thisregenerationisgoingonallthetime,likeinfish.Infact,youcantakeachickentoaconcert,blastingitsears.Theywillnicelyregenerate,andevenwithfrequency-specifichaircells,theywillreconnect,andtheanimalwillbeabletohearnormallyagain."Hudspethadded,"Iagreethatthereisanenormouschallenge,andthisiscertainlysomethingthatwon'thappenovernightinourselves.ButIdon'tthinkit'sahopelesstaskandIthinkbasicallywhatmanypeoplearetryingtodoisdecode(解码)thesignalssentasthesehaircellsdevelop,andbydoingsotorecognizethesignalingpathwaysthatmightbereactivatetheoriginaldevelopmentandrestorehaircellsbythatmeans."21.Howistheconversionachievedaccordingtothetext?A.Throughthebrain. B.Throughhaircells.C.Throughphysicalenergy. D.Throughcertaindrugs.22.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"degenerate"inparagraph3mean?A.Proceed. B.Form. C.Worsen. D.Extend.23.Whatdoestheenormouschallengementionedinthelastparagraphreferto?A.Restoringhearing. B.Receivingsignals.C.Replacingcells. D.Reconnectingpathways.24.Whichmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A.Howdoelectricalresponseswork?B.Howcanwedecodehearingsignals?C.Whatresultsinmechanicalvibrations?D.Whatcananimalsteachhearingresearchers?七、What'sadustdevil(尘卷风)soundlikeonMars?America'sPerseverance,avehicleusedtoexploreMars,recordedtheloudnoisewhenonepasseddirectlyoverhead.It'sabout10secondsofsoundsofnotonlythewindblowingupto40kph,buthundredsofdustgrainshittingthevehicle.Scientistsreleasedthefirst-of-its-kindaudio(音频)Tuesday.ItsoundsstrikinglysimilartodustdevilsonEarth,althoughquietersinceMars'thinatmospheremakesformoremutedsoundsandlessforcefulwind.ThedustdevilcameandwentoverPerseverancequicklylastyear,thustheshortlengthoftheaudio,saidtheUniversityofToulouse'sNaomiMurdoch.Atthesametime,thecameraontheparkedrover(探测器)shotimages,whileitsweather-monitoringinstrumentcollecteddata."Itwasfullycaughtred-handed,whichgreatlyshookme.Catchingadustdevilinspacereallytakessomeluck,"saidGermanMartinezoftheLunarandPlanetaryInstituteinHouston.PhotographedfordecadesonMarsbutneverhearduntilnow,dustdevilsarecommonontheredplanet.Thisonewasintheaveragerangeatleast118meterstalland25metersacross,travelingat5meterspersecond.Giventhattherover'smicrophoneisturnedonforlessthanthreeminuteseveryfewdays,Murdochsaiditwas"definitelyluck"thatthedustdevilappearedwhenitdid.Shesaidtherewasjusta1-in-200chanceofrecordingthedust-devilsoundandthatofthe84minutescollectedinitsfirstyear,therewas"onlyonedustdevilrecording".ThissamemicrophoneonPerseveranceprovidedthefirstsoundsfromMars—namelytheMartianwind—soonaftertheroverlandedonMars.Itfollowedupwithaudiooftheroverdrivingaroundanditscompanionhelicopterflyingnearby.TheserecordingsallowscientiststostudytheMartianwind,suddenandviolentmovementsofair,andnowdustmovementasneverbefore,Murdochsaid.25.Whichisclosestinmeaningto"muted"inparagraph1?A.Weak. B.Sharp. C.Strange. D.Clear.26.WhatdoesMartinezthinkofPerseverance'scatchingthedustdevil?A.Predictable. B.Well-timed. C.Inspirational. D.Mind-blowing.27.WhatdoesMurdochsayabouttherecordeddustdevil?A.Itlastedfor84minutes. B.Itwentbeyondtheaveragerange.C.Itwascaughtjustbychance. D.ItwasthefirsttobefoundonMars.28.WhatcantherecordingsonPerseverancehelpscientistsgaininsightinto?A.HowtheMartianwindismeasured.B.HowdustistransportedaroundMars.C.Howairmovementsimpacttherover.D.Howroversworkwithhelicoptersinspace.八、Severalyearsago,acousinIhadlosttouchwithsinceIwasateenagerdroppedbymyhouse.Atthelivingroomentryway,hestoppedindeadsilence,hiseyesfixedonthebookshelvescoveringtheentirebackwall."Haveyoureadthemall?"heaskedme,almostfrightened."Yes,"Isaid,"justabout."Heshookhisheadinsilence,asifthiswasafeat(技艺)thathaddemandedmucheffort.Asforhim,hehadtoleaveschoolatfourteen,workingwhereverhecould.Hisfamilydidnothavebooks.IonlyrecallseeingthecomicbookTarzanlyingaroundonthetable.Thememoryofthisscenewithmycousinmakesmefeeluneasy.Ithidesanevenbitterone.Iwasbetweenfifteenandeighteenyearsold.Imusthaveblamedmyfatherfor"notbeinginterestedinanything",forreadingonlyParis-Normandie,thelocalnewspaper.Usuallysocalmandtolerantregardingtherudenessofhisonlydaughter,herepliedseriously,"Booksaregoodforyou.Butasforme,Idon'tneedthemtolive."Thesewordshavestretchedacrosstimeandfixedinsideme,likeapainandanunbearablereality.Iunderstoodverywellwhatmyfathermeant.ReadingAlexandreDumas,Flaubert,Camuswouldnothaveservedanypracticalpurposeinhisworkasacaféowner.Ontheotherhand,inthefuturehehopedforme,hevaguelyknewthatbooksheldweight,andthattheyformedpartofadefiningpackage—"culturalbaggage"—thatincludedthetheater,theoperaandwintersports—asuperiorsocialworld.Iunderstoodallthatbutitwassohardtoaccept.Irefusedtothinkthattheworldofbookswouldstayforeverclosedtothehumanbeingwhowasdearesttome.AsIthinkaboutreasonsforreading,myfather'swordscomebacktomeinsistently,likeapersonalandunsolvablecontradiction.No,toreadisnottolive,butIhavealwayslivedwithbooks.29.Whatdoesparagraph1tellusaboutthewriter?A.Herhavingreadmanybooksamazedhercousin.B.Hercousinquitschoolearlyandhadnobooksatall.C.Shecompletelyfinishedreadingthebooksontheshelves.D.Hercousinwasfrightenedtodeathuponseeingthebooks.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"one"refertoinparagraph2?A.Anidea. B.Anemotion. C.Amemory. D.Arelative.31.Whatdoesthewriterfinditdifficulttoaccept?A.Thebittermemoryofasadchildhood.B.Thestricttoneinwhichherfatherspoke.C.Thefearoffallingshortofherfather'sexpectations.D.Herfather'signoranceoftheimportanceofreading.32.Whatisthepassagegoingtotalkaboutnext?A.Whythewriterenjoysreadingbooks.B.Whatseparatesthewriterfromhercousin.C.Whatthewriter'sfatherreallymeant.D.Howotherconflictserupted.

答案以及解析1.答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据第二段"Themoreadvertisementstheysee，themorelikelytheyaretoinsistonpurchasingitemswhengoingwiththeirparentsandperhapsmakeafussiftold'no'.Allthatmayincreaseparents'overallstresswellbeyondasingleshoppingtrip."saidleadstudyauthorMatthewLapierre.（该研究的主要作者MatthewLapierre说："他们看到的广告越多，就越有可能在和父母一起购物时坚持购买物品，如果被告知'不'，他们可能会大惊小怪。所有这些都可能会增加父母的整体压力，远远超过一次购物之旅。"）可知，MatthewLapierre在研究中试图探索孩子们看电视给父母带来的压力。故选C。2.答案：A解析：词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句"Commercialcontentisthereforareason：to

elicitpurchasingbehavior.（商业内容的存在是有原因的：elicit购买行为。）并结合常识可知，商业内容会引发购买行为。故elicit意为"引发；引起"。A.Cause引起；B.Challenge挑战；C.Practise练习；D.Guarantee保证。故选A。3.答案：B解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Advertisersarefindingcreativewaysaroundthat，forexample，throughproductplacementandintegrated（综合的）brandinginashow，Lapierresaid.Andadvertisingtowardchildrenremainsamultibillion-dollarindustry.（Lapierre说，广告商正在寻找创造性的方法来解决这一问题，例如在节目中植入产品和整合品牌。面向儿童的广告仍然是一个价值数十亿美元的行业）可推知，Lapierre认为流媒体服务中投放广告是一种向儿童推销产品或品牌的隐蔽方式。故选B。4.答案：D解析：标题判断题。根据第一段There'sbadnewsforparentswhofrequentlyleavetheirkidsinfrontoftheTV：Itmightactuallyendupleavingmomsanddadsmorestressed.（对于那些经常把孩子放在电视机前的父母来说，有一个坏消息：这实际上可能会让父母压力更大）可知，本文主要介绍一项研究结果孩子接触电视会让父母压力更大。D项"Kids'exposuretoTVmakesparentsmorestressed（孩子接触电视会让父母压力更大）"最能概括本文主旨。故选D。5.答案：B解析：考查细节理解。由第二段"Thelawbegangoingintoeffectlastyear,requiringhensandvealcalvestobegivenmorespacetolivein.""thelawwillrequirethatalleggssoldinCaliforniacomefromcage-freehensandthatporksoldinthestatecomefrombreedingpigsthatarenotheldincages."可知，新动物福利法要求圈养母鸡和肉用小猪需给予更多的空间，不能让它们活动受限。故B项正确。6.答案：C解析：考查词义推断。由第三段"butothershavespentthelastfewyearsfightingthelawratherthanfiguringouthowtoputitintopractice."可知，其他生产商过去几年都在抗议新动物福利法，but表示转折，说明"SomebigcompanieslikeHormelFoodshavepledgedtodosofully,"一些大公司是愿意去按新法的规定去做的，所以pledged的意思是承诺。故C项正确。7.答案：B解析：考查细节理解。由第三段"Porkproducershavehadthelongesttimetocomply."猪肉生产商需要很长的时间去遵守这个新的动物福利法，"SomebigcompanieslikeHormelFoodshavepledgedtodosofully,butothershavespentthelastfewyearsfightingthelawratherthanfiguringouthowtoimplementit."大的生产商承诺去做，其他生产商过去几年都在抗议新法。故B项正确。8.答案：D解析：考查推理判断。由第二段"Thesearehumanestepsdesignedtolifttheseanimalsoutofstructuresthatbarelyallowthemtomove."第三段"Sofar,thatfighthasbeenawasteoftimethatporkproducerscouldhavebetterspentfiguringouthowtoreconfiguretheirfarms."以及最后一段"It'sapricetheanimalsshouldn'thavetopay."可知，作者认为新法规定商业养殖动物需给予更多的活动空间是非常人性化的关怀与做法，进而带来的猪肉价格成本上涨也是人类应付出的代价。猪肉生产商对新法的抵制毫无意义浪费时间。所以作者对新法非常支持。故D项正确。9.答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的第三句Butreservoirs(水库)andwateringsystemsforagriculturecausedittodisappear可知，但是用于农业的水库和灌溉系统使图莱里湖(TulareLake)消失了。即是人类行为导致了该湖泊的消失。10.答案：D解析：词义猜测题。根据此处前后文的内容可知，加州近年来天气非常干燥。城市和农村社区都为今年的冬雨欢呼雀跃。如果天气慢慢变暖，雪不会很快融化，可能很少或没有洪水。但是，如果天气迅速变热，将带来太多的积雪融化的麻烦。此处acclaimed的意思是"欢迎"，与welcomed是同义词。11.答案：B解析：推理判断题。根据第六段的第三句Iftheweathergetswarmerslowly,thesnowwillnotmeltquicklyandtheremaybelittleornoflooding可知，如果天气慢慢变暖，雪不会很快融化，可能很少或没有洪水。即加州人期待天气将逐渐变暖。12.答案：A解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句的内容可知，"这一直是一个工程问题，"他说。"这是一个没有出口的浴缸"。即这种地理环境排水困难，对付洪水是很困难的。13.答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二和三句"Thismeansmorehomes,roadsandotherinfrastructure.InIndiaalone,acitythesizeofChicagowillhavetobedevelopedeveryyeartomeetdemandforhousing."(这意味着更多的房屋、道路和其他基础设施。仅在印度，芝加哥这样规模的城市每年都要开发，以满足住房需求。)可知，第1段提到印度是为了证明城市人口的增加意味着需要更多的房屋等基础设施，由此导致了对建筑材料的巨大需求。故选D项。14.答案：C解析：推理判断题。根据文章第三段最后一句"Inaddition,engineeredtimberisusuallymadeintolargesectionsinafactoryforfutureuse,whichreducesthenumberofdeliveriestoaconstructionsite."(此外，工程木材通常在工厂生产成大块以备将来使用，这减少了交付到建筑工地的数量。)可知，关于工程木材我们能了解到它有助于在运输中节省能源。故选C项。15.答案：B解析：猜测词义题。根据文章第四段第一句和二句"AccordingtoMichaelRamageoftheUniversityofCambridge,awoodenb