《水处理技术（双语）》课件-四种水处理常见絮凝药剂

Fourcommonflocculationagentsforwatertreatment四种水处理常见絮凝药剂一、PACPolyaluminiumChloride聚合氯化铝是一种无机高分子混凝剂。主要通过压缩双层、吸附电中和、吸附架桥、沉淀物网捕等机理作用，使水中细微悬浮粒子和胶体离子脱稳，聚集、絮凝、混凝、沉淀，达到净化处理效果。Polymericaluminiumchlorideisaninorganicpolymericcoagulant.Mainlythroughcompressionofthedoublelayer,adsorptionofelectricneutralization,adsorptionofbridging,precipitatesnetworkcaptureandothermechanisms,sothatfinesuspendedparticlesandcolloidalionsinwaterdestabilization,aggregation,flocculation,coagulation,precipitation,toachievepurificationtreatmenteffect.

应用范围广，适应水性广泛。Widerangeofapplicationandwideadaptationtowater.易快速形成大的矾花，沉淀性能好。Easytoformlargealumflowersquicklyandgoodprecipitationperformance.适宜的PH值范围较宽（5－9），且处理后水的PH值和碱度下降小。ThesuitablePHvaluerangeiswide(5-9),andthePHvalueandalkalinityoftreatedwaterdecreaselittle.一、PACPolyaluminiumChloride1.主要特点MainFeatures一、PACPolyaluminiumChloride1.主要特点MainFeatures

水温低时，仍可保持稳定的沉淀效果。Whenthewatertemperatureislow,itcanstillmaintainstableprecipitationeffect.碱化度比其它铝盐、铁盐高，对设备侵蚀作用小。Thealkalinityishigherthanotheraluminumandironsalts,andithaslesserosiveeffectontheequipment.液体产品为无色、淡黄色、淡灰色或棕褐色透明或半透明液体，无沉淀。Theliquidproductisacolorless,lightyellow,lightgrayortantransparentortranslucentliquidwithoutprecipitation.固体产品是白色、淡灰色、淡黄色或棕褐色晶粒或粉末。Thesolidproductiswhite,lightgray,lightyelloworbrownishcrystalsorpowder.一、PACI.PolyaluminiumChloride一、PACPolyaluminiumChloride2.物化性质Physicalandchemicalproperties与常温水按1：3的重量比边搅拌边投加，至完全溶解后，再加水稀释到所需要浓度，具体投加时，应根据水质情况选出最佳投加量而后投用。Mixwithroomtemperaturewaterataratioof1:3byweight,andthenaddwatertodilutetotherequiredconcentrationaftercompletedissolution.一、PACPolyaluminiumChloride3.使用方法Methodofuse产品应存放在室内干燥，通风、阴凉处，且勿受潮。

Theproductshouldbestoredindoorsinadry,ventilatedandcoolplace,andshouldnotbeexposedtomoisture.一、PACPolyaluminiumChloride4.储存Storage

PAC是水净化领域的重要混凝剂，对低温、低浊及高浊水具有高效净化作用。PACisanimportantcoagulantinthefieldofwaterpurification.Itishighlyeffectiveinpurifyinglowtemperature,lowturbidityandhighturbiditywater,anditisimportanttoensureitspurityinwaterpurification由于其单体与有机物反应会生成危害人体健康的物质，所以保证其纯度在水净化中显得很重要。

Becauseitsmonomerreactswithorganicmattertoproducesubstancesthatarehazardoustohumanhealth.一、PACPolyaluminiumChloride5.主要应用Mainapplications水处理剂聚合氯化铝产品有腐蚀性，如不慎溅到皮肤上，要立即用水冲洗干净。Watertreatmentagentpolymericaluminumchlorideproductsarecorrosive,ifinadvertentlysplashedontheskin,immediatelyflushwithwater.

使用本品的工作人员要穿工作服、戴口罩、手套、穿长筒胶靴。Staffusingthisproductshouldwearoveralls,masks,glovesandlongrubberboots.聚合氯化铝产品无燃烧和爆炸危险。Thereisnodangerofcombustionandexplosionofpolymericaluminumchlorideproducts.一、PACPolyaluminiumChloride6.安全卫生与防护Safety,hygieneandprotection

聚丙烯酰胺为水溶性高分子聚合物，不溶于大多数有机溶剂，具有良好的絮凝性，可以降低液体之间的磨擦阻力，按离子特性分可分为非离子、阴离子、阳离子和两性型四种类型。

Polyacrylamideisawater-solublepolymer,insolubleinmostorganicsolvents,withgoodflocculation,canreducethefrictionresistancebetweenliquids,accordingtotheioniccharacteristicscanbedividedintofourtypesofnon-ionic,anionic,cationicandamphoteric.二、PAMIIPolyacrylamide1.絮团的大小：絮团太小会影响排水的速度，絮团太大会使絮团约束较多水而降低泥饼干度。经过选择聚丙烯酰胺的分子量能够调整絮团的大小。Sizeoffloc:toosmallflocwillaffectthespeedofdrainage,toolargeflocwillmaketheflocboundmorewaterandreducethemudcookiedegree.Bychoosingthemolecularweightofpolyacrylamide,thesizeoffloccanbeadjusted.二、PAMIIPolyacrylamide（一）注意事项(i)Notes2.污泥特性。阳离子聚丙烯酰胺用于处置有机污泥，相对的阴离子聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂用于无机污泥，碱性很强时用阳离子聚丙烯酰胺，而酸性很强时不宜用阴离子聚丙烯酰胺，含量高时污泥通常聚丙烯酰胺的用量也大。Sludgecharacteristics.Cationicpolyacrylamideisusedfordisposaloforganicsludge,relativeanionicpolyacrylamideflocculantisusedforinorganicsludge,cationicpolyacrylamideisusedwhenalkalineisverystrong,whileanionicpolyacrylamideisnotsuitablewhenacidisverystrong,andtheamountofsludgeusuallypolyacrylamideislargewhenthecontentishigh.二、PAMIIPolyacrylamide（一）注意事项(i)Notes3.聚丙烯酰胺的溶解：溶解良好才充沛发挥絮凝作用。Dissolutionofpolyacrylamide:dissolvewelltofullyplaytheroleofflocculation.二、PAMIIPolyacrylamide（一）注意事项(i)Notes1.絮凝性：PAM能使悬浮物质通过电中和，架桥吸附作用，起絮凝作用。Flocculation:PAMcanmakethesuspendedmaterialflocculatebyelectricneutralizationandbridgeadsorption.二、PAMIIPolyacrylamide（二）产品使用特性(ii)productusecharacteristics2.粘合性：能通过机械的、物理的、化学的作用，起粘合作用。Adhesion:canactasabondthroughmechanical,physicalandchemicalaction.二、PAMIIPolyacrylamide（二）产品使用特性(ii)productusecharacteristics3.降阻性：PAM能有效地降低流体的摩擦阻力.Resistancereduction:PAMcaneffectivelyreducethefrictionalresistanceofthefluid.4.增稠性：PAM在中性和酸条件下均有增稠作用，当PH值在10以上PAM易水解。Thickening:PAMhasthickeningeffectinneutralandacidconditions,whenthePHvalueisabove10PAMiseasytohydrolyze.1.絮凝作用原理：PAM用于絮凝时，与被絮凝物种类表面性质，特别是动电位，粘度、浊度及悬浮液的PH值有关，颗粒表面的动电位，是颗粒阻聚的原因加入表面电荷相反的PAM，能使动电位降低而凝聚。Flocculationprinciple:WhenPAMisusedforflocculation,itisrelatedtothesurfacepropertiesoftheflocculatedmaterial,especiallythekineticpotential,viscosity,turbidityandpHvalueofthesuspension.ThekineticpotentialonthesurfaceoftheparticlesisthereasonforparticlecoagulationbyaddingPAMwithoppositesurfacecharge,whichcanmakethekineticpotentialdecreaseandcoagulation.二、PAMIIPolyacrylamide（三）作用原理(iii)Principleofaction2.吸附架桥：PAM分子链固定在不同的颗粒表面上，各颗粒之间形成聚合物的桥，使颗粒形成聚集体而沉降。Adsorptionbridging:PAMmolecularchainsarefixedonthesurfaceofdifferentparticles,andbridgesofpolymersareformedbetweeneachparticle,sothattheparticlesformaggregatesandsettle.二、PAMIIPolyacrylamide（三）作用原理(iii)Principleofaction3.表面吸附：PAM分子上的极性基团颗粒的各种吸附。Surfaceadsorption:variousadsorptionofpolargroupparticlesonPAMmolecules.4.增强作用：PAM分子链与分散相通过种种机械、物理、化学等作用，将分散相牵连在一起，形成网状。Enhancement:ThePAMmolecularchainandthedispersedphasearelinkedtogethertoformanetworkthroughvariousmechanical,physicalandchemicaleffects.二、PAMIIPolyacrylamide（三）作用原理(iii)Principleofaction1.重力投加：Gravitydosing利用重力将药剂投加在水泵吸水管内或者吸水井的吸水喇叭口处，利用水泵叶轮混合。Usinggravity,theagentisinjectedintothesuctionpipeofthepumporatthesuctionhornofthesuctionwellandmixedusingthepumpimpeller.二、PAMIIPolyacrylamide（四）药剂加药方式(iv)pharmaceuticaldosingmethod2.压力投加：Pressuredosing利用水泵或者水射器将药剂投加到原水管中，适用于将药剂投加到压力水管中，或者需要投加到标高较高、距离较远的净水构筑物内。Theuseofpumpsorwaterjetstoinjectpharmaceuticalsintotherawwaterpipeissuitableforinjectingpharmaceuticalsintothepressurewaterpipeorintowaterpurificationstructuresthatneedtobeinjectedatahigherelevationandatagreaterdistance.二、PAMIIPolyacrylamide（四）药剂加药方式(iv)pharmaceuticaldosingmethod二、PAMIIPolyacrylamide（四）药剂加药方式(iv)pharmaceuticaldosingmethod3.水泵投加：Pumpdosing水泵投加是在溶液池中提升药液到压力管中，有直接采用计量泵和采用耐酸从而起增强作用。Waterpumpdosingistolifttheliquidinthesolutionpooltothepressurepipe,thereisadirectuseofmeteringpumpsandtheuseofacid-resistantsoastoenhancetherole.

氢氧化钙是一种白色粉末状固体。又名消石灰。

Calciumhydroxideisawhitepowderedsolid.Alsoknownasslakedlime.三、氢氧化钙III.Calciumhydroxide氢氧化钙具有碱的通性，是一种强碱。氢氧化钙的碱性比氢氧化钠强（金属活动性：钙>钠），但由于氢氧化钙的溶解度比氢氧化钠小得多，所以氢氧化钙溶液的腐蚀性和碱性比氢氧化钠小。

Calciumhydroxidehasthegeneralityofabaseandisastrongbase.Calciumhydroxideismorebasicthansodiumhydroxide(metalactivity:calcium>sodium),butbecausethesolubilityofcalciumhydroxideismuchsmallerthanthatofsodiumhydroxide,thesolutionofcalciumhydroxideislesscorrosiveandbasicthanthatofsodiumhydroxide.这些性质决定了氢氧化钙有广泛的应用。

Thesepropertiesdeterminethatcalciumhydroxidehasawiderangeofapplications.三、氢氧化钙III.Calciumhydroxide

其粉尘或悬浮液滴对粘膜有刺激作用，能引起喷嚏和咳嗽，和碱一样能使脂肪皂化，从皮肤吸收水分、溶解蛋白质、刺激及腐蚀组织。

Itsdustorsuspendeddropletshaveanirritatingeffectonmucousmembranes,cancausesneezingandcoughing,andlikealkalicansaponifyfats,absorbwaterfromtheskin,dissolveproteins,irritateandcorrodetissues.三、氢氧化钙III.Calciumhydroxide1.氢氧化钙毒性防护Calciumhydroxidetoxicityprotection

吸入石灰粉尘可能引起肺炎。最高容许浓度为5mg/m3。吸入粉尘时，可吸入水蒸气、可待因及犹奥宁，在胸廓处涂芥末膏；当落入眼内时，可用流水尽快冲洗，再用5%氯化铵溶液或0.01%CaNa2-EDTA溶液冲洗，然后将0.5%地卡因溶液滴入。

Inhalationoflimedustmaycausepneumonia.Themaximumpermissibleconcentrationis5mg/m3.Wheninhalingdust,inhalewatervapor,codeineanduvain,andapplymustardcreamatthethorax;whenitfallsintotheeyes,rinsewithrunningwaterassoonaspossible,thenrinsewith5%ammoniumchloridesolutionor0.01%CaNa2-EDTAsolution,andthenput0.5%dicainesolutionintothedrops.三、氢氧化钙III.Calciumhydroxide工作时应注意保护呼吸器官，穿戴用防尘纤维制的工作服、手套、密闭防尘眼镜，并涂含油脂的软膏，以防止粉尘吸入。

Whenworking,attentionshouldbepaidtotheprotectionofrespiratoryorgans,wearingworkclothesmadeofdustprooffibers,gloves,airtightdustproofglasses,andointmentcontaininggreasetopreventdustinhalation.三、氢氧化钙III.Calciumhydroxide

用内衬聚乙烯塑料薄膜袋的塑料编织袋包装，每袋净重25kg。

Packedinplasticwovenbagslinedwithpolyethyleneplasticfilmbags,netweight25kgperbag.三、氢氧化钙III.Calciumhydroxide2.包装储运Packaging,storageandtransportation应贮存在干燥的库房中,严防潮湿。

Itshouldbestoredinadrywarehousetopreventmoisture.

三、氢氧化钙III.Calciumhydroxide2.包装储运Packaging,storageandtransportation避免与酸类物质共贮混运。

Avoidstoringandtransportingtogetherwithacids.运输时要防雨淋。

Protectfromrainwhentransporting.失火时，可用水，砂土或一般灭火器扑救。

Incaseoffire,itcanbeputoutwithwater,sandorgeneralfireextinguisher.

细腻的白色粉末。相对密度2.24。加热至580℃脱水成氧化钙，在空气中吸收二氧化碳而成碳酸钙。

Finewhitepowder.Relativedensity2.24.dehydratedintocalciumoxidewhenheatedto580℃,andcalciumcarbonatewhenabsorbingcarbondioxideintheair.三、氢氧化钙III.Calciumhydroxide3.物化性质Physicalandchemicalproperties溶于酸、铵盐、甘油，微溶于水，不溶于醇，有强碱性，对皮肤、织物有腐蚀作用。

Solubleinacid,ammoniumsalt,glycerin,slightlysolubleinwater,insolubleinalcohol,stronglyalkaline,corrosivetoskinandfabric.氯化钙，化学式CaCl2·2H20白色晶体或块状物。熔点782℃，沸点1600℃，密度2.15克/厘米3（25℃）。

Calciumchloride,chemicalformulaCaCl2-2H20whitecrystalorlump.Meltingpoint782℃,boilingpoint1600℃,density2.15g/cm3(25℃).四、氯化钙IV.Calciumchloride

氯化钙在水中的溶解度很大，0℃时100克水能溶解59.5克氯化钙，100℃时溶解159克。

Thesolubilityofcalciumchlorideinwaterisverylarge,100gramsofwatercandissolve59.5gramsofcalciumchlorideat0°Cand159gramsat100°C.能形成含1、2、4、6个结晶水的水合物，无色立方结晶体，白色或灰白色，有粒状、蜂窝块状、圆球状、不规则颗粒状、粉末状。无毒、无臭、味微苦。

Canformhydratecontaining1,2,4,6crystallinewater,colorlesscubiccrystals,whiteoroff-white,granular,honeycombblock,spherical,irregulargranular,powder.Non-toxic,odorless,slightlybittertaste.四、氯化钙IV.Calciumchloride侵入途径：粉尘吸入，食入

Routesofinvasion:dustinhalation,ingestion．四、氯化钙IV.Calciumchloride1.危险性概述HazardOverview健康危害：粉尘会灼烧、刺激鼻腔、口、喉，还可引起鼻出血和破坏鼻组织；

Healthhazards:dustcanburn,irritatethenose,mouthandthroat,andcanalsocausenasalbleedinganddestructionofnasaltissue;干粉会刺激皮肤，溶液会严重刺激甚至灼伤皮肤

Drypowdercanirritatetheskin,andthesolutioncanseriouslyirritateorevenburntheskin．

皮肤接触：

脱去污染的衣着，用大量流动清水冲洗。

Skincontact:Removecontaminatedclothingandrinsewithplentyofrunningwater.四、氯化钙IV.Calciumchloride1.危险性概述HazardOverview眼睛接触：提起眼睑，用流动清水或生理盐水冲洗。就医。

Eyecontact:Lifteyelidsandflushwithrunningwaterorsaline.Seekmedicalattention.

四、氯化钙IV.Calciumchloride1.危险性概述HazardOverview吸入：脱离现场至空气新鲜处。如呼吸困难，给输氧。就医。食入