2023年6月英语六级真题和答案解析(标准)

2023年6月英语六级考试真题

PartIWriting(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledShouldOneExpecta

RewardWhenDoingaGoodDeed?Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.

1.有人做好事期望得到回报；

2.有人认为应当像雷锋那样做好事不图回报；

3.我的观点。

ShouldOneExpectaRewardWhenDoingaGoodDeed?

PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)

Directions：Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestions

onAnswerSheet1.

Forquestions1-4,mark

Y(forYES)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;

N(forNO)ifstatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;

NG(forNOTGIVEN)iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.

Forquestions5-10,completethesentenceswiththeinfonnationgiveninthepassage.

SevenStepstoaMoreFulfillingJob

Manypeopletodayfindthemselvesinunfulfillingworksituations.Infact,oneinfourworkersis

dissatisfiedwiththeircurrentjob,accordingtotherecent"Plansfor2023"survey.Theircareerpathmaybe

financiallyrewarding,butitdoesn'tmeettheiremotional,socialorcreativeneeds.They'restuck,unhappy,

andhavenoideawhattodoaboutit,exceptmovetoanotherjob.

MaryLynMiller,veterancareerconsultantandfounderoftheLifeandCareerClinic,saysthatwhen

mostpeopleareunhappyabouttheirwork,theirfirstthoughtistogetadifferentjob.Instead,Millersuggests

lookingatthepossibilityofadifferentlife.Throughherbook,8MythsofMakingaLiving,aswellas

workshops,seminarsandpersonalcoachingandconsulting,shehashelpedthousandsofdissatisfiedworkers

reassesslifeandwork.

LikethewayofZen,whichincludesunderstandingofoneselfasonereallyis,Millerencouragesjob

seekersandthosedissatisfiedwithworkorlifetoexaminetheirbeliefsaboutworkandrecognizethat“in

manycasesyourbeliefsarewhatbroughtyoutowhereyouaretoday.^^Youmayhavebeenraisedtothink

thatwomenwerebestatnurturingandcaringand,therefore,shouldbeteachersandnurses.Sothat'swhat

youdid.Or,perhapsyouwerebroughtuptobelievethatyoushoulddowhatyourfatherdid,soyouhave

takenoverthefamilybusiness,orbecomeadentist4<justlikedad."Ifthissoundsfamiliar,it'sprobablytime

tolookatthenewpossibilitiesforyourfuture.

Millerdevelopeda7-stepprocesstohelppotentialjobseekersassesstheircurrentsituationandbeliefs,

identifytheirrealpassion,andstartonajourneythatallowsthemtopursuetheirpassionthroughwork.

Step1:Willingnesstodosomethingdifferent.

Breakingthecycleofdoingwhatyouhavealwaysdoneisoneofthemostdifficulttasksforjobseekers.

Manyfinditdifficulttosteerawayfromacareerpathormakeachange,evenifitdoesn'tfeelright.Miller

urgesjobseekerstoopentheirmindstootherpossibilitiesbeyondwhattheyarecurrentlydoing.

Step2:Commitmenttobeingwhoyouare,notwhoorwhatsomeonewantsyoutobe.

Lookatthe\giftsandtalentsyouhaveandmakeacommitmenttopursuethosethingsthatyoulove

most.Ifyoulovethesocialaspectsofyourjob,butarestuckinsideanofficeor"chainedtoyourdesk”most

ofthetime,vowtofollowyourinstinctandinvestigatealternativecareersandworkthatallowyoumoretime

tointeractwithothers.Dawnworkedasamanagerforalargeretailclothingstoreforseveralyears.Though

shehadadvancedwithinthecompany,shefeltfrustratedandlongedtobeinvolvedwithnatureandthe

outdoors.Shedecidedtogotoschoolnightsandweekendstopursuehertruepassionbyearninghermaster9s

degreeinforestry.Shenowworksinthebiotechforestrydivisionofamajorpapercompany.

Step3:Self-definition

Millersuggeststhatoncejobseekersknowwhotheyare,theyneedtoknowhowtosellthemselves."In

thejobmarket,youareaproduct.Andjustlikeaproduct,youmostknowthefeaturesandbenefitsthatyou

havetoofferapotentialclient,oremployer."Examinetheskillsandknowledgethatyouhaveidentifyhow

theycanapplytoyourdesiredoccupation.Yourqualitieswillexhibittoemployerswhytheyshouldhireyou

overothercandidates.

Step4:Attainalevelofself-honoring.

Self-honoringorself-lovemayseemlikeanoddstepforjobhunters,butbeingabletoacceptyourself,

withoutjudgment,helpseliminateinsecuritiesandwillmakeyoumoreself-assured.Byacceptingwhoyou

are-allyouremotions,hopesanddreams,yourpersonality,andyouruniquewayofbeing一you'llproject

moreconfidencewhennetworkingandtalkingwithpotentialemployers.Thepowerofself-honoringcan

helptobreakallthefalsehoodsyouwereprogrammedtobelieve-thosethatmadeyoufeelthatyouwere

notgoodenough,orstrongenough,orintelligentenoughtodowhatyoutrulydesire.

Step5:Vision.

Millersuggeststhatjobseekersdevelopavisionthatembracestheanswerto"WhatdoIreallywantto

do?”oneshouldcreateasolidstatementinadozenorsosentencesthatdescribeindetailhowtheyseetheir

liferelatedtowork.Forinstance,thesecretarywholongstobeanactressdescribesalifethatallowsherto

expressherloveofShakespeareonstage.Arealestateagent,attractedtohiscurrentjobbecauseherloves

fixingupoldhomes,describesbuyingpropertiesthatneedalittletenderlovingcaretomakethemmore

saleable.

Step6:Appropriaterisk.

Somephilosophersbelievethatthewaytoenlightenmentcomesthroughfacingobstaclesand

difficulties.Oncepeoplediscovertheirpassion,manyaretooscaredtodoanythingaboutit.Instead,theydo

nothing.Withthisstep,jobseekersshouldassesswhattheyarewillingtogiveup,orrisk,inpursuitoftheir

dream.Foroneworkingmom,thatmeanttakingnightclassestolearnnewcomputer-aideddesignskills,

whilestillearningasalaryandkeepingherdayjob.Forsomeoneelse,itmaymeanquittinghisorherjob,

takingoutloanandgoingbacktoschoolfulltime.You'llmoveonestepclosertoyouridealworklifeifyou

identifyhowmuchriskyouarewillingtotakeandthesacrificesyouarewillingtomake.

Step7:Action.

Someteachersofphilosophydescribeactioninthisway,“Ifonewantstogettothetopofamountain,

justsittingatthefootthinkingaboutitwillnotbringonethere.Itisbymakingtheeffortofclimbingupthe

mountain,stepbystep,thateventuallythesummitisreached."Alltoooften,itisthelackofactionthat

ultimatelyholdspeoplebackfromattainingtheirideals.Creatingaplanandtakingitonestepatatimecan

leadtonewanddifferentjobopportunities.Job-huntingtasksgainaddedmeaningasyousensetheir

importanceinyourquestfbramoremeaningfulworklife.Theplancanincluderesearchingindustriesand

occupations,talkingtopeoplewhoareinyourdesiredareaofwork,takingclasses,oracceptingvolunteer

workinyourtargetedfield.

Eachofthesestepswillleadyouonajourneytoahappierandmorerewardingworklife.Afterall,itis

thejourney,notthedestination,thatismostimportant.

留意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

1.Accordingtotherecent"Plansfbr2023"survey,mostpeopleareunhappywiththeircurrentjobs.

2.MaryLynMiller'sjobistoadvisepeopleontheirlifeandcareer.

3.MaryLynMillerherselfwasoncequitedissatisfiedwithherownwork.

4.Manypeoplefinditdifficulttomakeuptheirmindswhethertochangetheircareerpath.

5.AccordingtoMaryLynMiller,peopleconsideringchangingtheircareersshouldcommitthemselvesto

thepursuitof.

6.Inthejobmarketjobseekersneedtoknowhowtosellthemselveslike.

7.Duringaninterviewwithpotentialemployers,self-honoringorself-lovemayhelpajobseekertoshow

8.MaryLynMillersuggeststhatajobseekerdevelopavisionthatanswersthequestion""

9.Manypeoplearetooscaredtopursuetheirdreamsbecausetheyareunwillingto.

10.Whatultimatelyholdspeoplebackfromattainingtheiridealsis.

PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeach

conversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwltatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthe

questionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmust

readthefourchoicesmarked[A],fB],[C]and[D],anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.Thenmarkthe

correspondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

留意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

11.A)Surfingthenet.

B)Watchingatalkshow.

C)Packingabirthdaygift.

D)Shoppingatajewelrystore.

12.A)Heenjoysfindingfaultwithexams.

B)Heissureofhissuccessintheexam.

C)Hedoesn'tknowifhecandowellintheexam.

D)HeusedtogetstraightA'sintheexamshetook.

13.A)Themanisgenerouswithhisgoodcommentsonpeople.

B)Thewomanisunsureiftherewillbepeaceintheworld.

C)Thewomanisdoubtfulaboutnewspaperstories.

D)Themanisquiteoptimisticabouthumannature.

14.A)Studyforsomeprofession.

B)Attendamedicalschool.

C)Stayinbusiness.

D)Sellhisshop.

15.A)Moremoney.

B)Fairtreatment.

C)Acollegeeducation.

D)Shorterworkhours.

16.A)Shewasexhaustedfromhertrip.

B)Shemissedthecomfortsofhome.

C)ShewasimpressedbyMexicanfood.

D)ShewillnotgotoMexicoagain.

17.A)Cheerherselfupabit.

B)Findamoresuitablejob.

C)Seekprofessionaladvice.

D)Takeapsychologycourse.

18.A)Hedressesmoreformallynow.

B)Whathewearsdoesnotmatchhisposition.

C)Hehasignoredhisfriendssincegraduation.

D)Hefailedtodowellatcollege.

Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

19.A)Togosightseeing.

B)Tohavemeetings.

C)Topromoteanewchampagne.

D)Tojoininatrainingprogram.

20.A)Itcanreducethenumberofpassengercomplaints.

B)Itcanmakeairtravelmoreentertaining.

C)Itcancutdowntheexpensesforairtravel.

D)Itcanlessenthediscomfortcausedbyairtravel.

21.A)Tookbalancedmealswithchampagne.

B)Atevegetablesandfruitonly.

C)Refrainedfromfishormeat.

D)Avoidedeatingrichfood.

22.A)Manyofthemfounditdifficulttoexerciseonaplane.

B)Manyofthemwereconcernedwiththeirwell-being.

C)Notmanyofthemchosetodowhatshedid.

D)Notmanyofthemunderstoodtheprogram.

Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

23.A)Atafair.

B)Atacafeteria.

C)Inacomputerlab.

D)Inashoppingmail.

24.A)Thelatestcomputertechnology.

B)Theorganizingofanexhibition.

C)Thepurchasingofsomeequipment.

D)Thedramaticchangesinthejobmarket.

25.A)Datacollection.

B)Trainingconsultancy.

C)Corporatemanagement.

D)Informationprocessing.

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsome

questions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmust

choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[DJ.Thenmarkthecorresponding

letteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

留意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

26.A)Improvethemselves.

B)Getridofemptydreams.

C)Followtheculturaltradition.

D)Attemptsomethingimpossible.

27.A)Byfindingsufficientsupportforimplementation.

B)Bytakingintoaccounttheirownabilitytochange.

C)Byconstantlykeepinginmindtheirultimategoals.

D)Bymakingdetailedplansandcarryingthemout.

28.A)Toshowpeoplehowtogettheirlivesbacktonormal.

B)Toshowhowdifficultitisforpeopletoloseweight.

C)Toremindpeopletocheckthecaloriesonfoodbags.

D)Toillustratehoweasilypeopleabandontheirgoals.

PassageTXvo

Questions29to31arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

29.A)MichaePsparentsgotdivorced.

B)KarenwasadoptedbyRayAnderson.

C)Karen'smotherdiedinacaraccident.

D)Atruckdriverlosthislifeinacollision.

30.A)Heranaredlightandcollidedwithatruck.

B)Hesacrificedhislifetosaveababygirl.

C)Hewaskilledinstantlyinaburningcar.

D)HegotmarriedtoKaren'smother.

31.A)Thereportedheroturnedouttobehisfather.

B)Hedidnotunderstandhisfathertilltoolate.

C)Suchmisfortuneshouldhavefallenonhim.

D)Itremindedhimofhismiserablechildhood.

PassageThree

Questions32to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

32.A)Germany.

B)Japan.

C)TheU.S.

D)TheU.K.

33.A)Bydoingoddjobsatweekends.

B)Byworkinglonghourseveryday.

C)Byputtinginmorehourseachweek.

D)Bytakingshortervacationseachyear.

34.A)Tocombatcompetitionandraiseproductivity.

B)Toprovidethemwithmorejobopportunities.

C)Tohelpthemmaintaintheirlivingstandard.

D)Topreventthemfromholdingasecondjob.

35.A)Changetheirjobs.

B)Earnmoremoney.

C)Reducetheirworkinghours.

D)Strengthenthegovernment'srole.

SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,

youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youare

requiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanks

numberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneither

usetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthe

passageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.

留意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

Nursing,asatypicallyfemaleprofession,mustdealconstantlywiththefalseimpressionthatnursesare

theretowaitonthephysician.Asnurses,weare(36)toprovidenursingcareonly.Wedonothave

anylegalormoral(37)toanyphysician.Weprovidehealthteaching,(38)physicalas

wellasemotionalproblems,(39)patient-relatedservices,andmakeallofournursingdecisions

baseduponwhatisbestorsuitableforthepatient.If,inany(40),wefeelthataphysician\order

is(41)orunsafe,wehavealegal(42)toquestionthatorderorrefusetocarryitout.

Nursingisnotanine-to-fivejobwitheveryweekendoff.Allnursesareawareofthatbeforetheyenter

theprofession.Theemotionalandphysicalstress.However,thatoccursduetooddworkinghoursisa(43)

reasonforalotofthecareerdissatisfaction.(44).That

disturbsourpersonallives,disruptsoursleepingandeatinghabits,andisolatesusfromeverythingexcept

job-relatedfriendsandactivities.

Thequalityofnursingcareisbeingaffecteddramaticallybythesesituations.(45)

.Consumersofmedicallyrelatedserviceshaveevidentlynotbeen

affectedenoughyettodemandchangesinourmedicalsystem.Butiftrendscontinueaspredicted,(46)

PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthe

passagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.Please

writeyouranswersonAnswersheet2.

Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Googleisaworld-famouscompany,withitsheadquartersinMountainView,California.Itwassetupin

aSiliconValleygaragein1998,andinflated(膨月长)withtheInternetbubble.Evenwheneverythingaround

itcollapsedthecompanykeptoninflating.Google'ssearchengineissowidespreadacrosstheworldthat

searchbecameGoogle,andgooglebecameaverb.Theworldfellinlovewiththeeffective,fascinatinglyfast

technology.

GoogleowesmuchofitssuccesstothebrillianceofS.BrinandL.Page,butalsotoaseriesoffortunate

events.ItwasPagewho,atStanfordin1996,initiatedtheacademicprojectthateventuallybecame

Google'ssearchengine.Brin,whohadmetPageatastudentorientationayearearlier,joinedtheproject

earlyon.TheywerebothPh.D.candidateswhentheydevisedthesearchenginewhichwasbetterthanthe

restand,withoutanymarketing,spreadbywordofmouthfromearlyadoptersto,eventually,your

grandmother.

Theirbreakthrough,simplyput,wasthatwhentheirsearchenginecrawledtheWeb,itdidmorethan

justlookforwordmatches,italsotallied(统计)andrankedahostofothercriticalfactorslikehowwebsites

linktooneanother.Thatdeliveredfarbetterresultsthananythingelse.BrinandPagemeanttonametheir

creationGoogol(themathematicaltermforthenumber1followedby100zeroes),butsomeonemisspelled

thewordsoitstuckasGoogle.Theyraisedmoneyfromprescient(有先见之明的)professorsandventure

capitalists,andmovedoffcampustoturnGoogleintobusiness.Perhapstheirbiggeststrokeofluckcame

earlyonwhentheytriedtoselltheirtechnologytoothersearchengines,butnoonemettheirprice,andthey

builtitupontheirown.

Thenextbreakthroughcamein2000,whenGooglefiguredouthowtomakemoneywithitsinvention.

Ithadlotsofusers,butalmostnoonewaspaying.Thesolutionturnedouttobeadvertising,andit'snotan

exaggerationtosaythatGoogleisnowessentiallyanadvertisingcompany,giventhatthat'sthesourceof

nearlyallitsrevenue.Todayitisagiantadvertisingcompany,worth$100billion.

留意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

47.Apartfromaseriesoffortunateevents,whatisitthathasmadeGooglesosuccessful?

48.Google'ssearchengineoriginatedfromstartedbyL.Page.

49.HowdidGoogle'ssearchenginespreadallovertheworld?

50.BrinandPagedecidedtosetuptheirownbusinessbecausenoonewould.

51.TherevenueoftheGooglecompanyislargelygeneratedfrom.

SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinished

statements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Youshoulddecideonthe

bestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Youheartherefrainallthetime:theU.S.economylooksgoodstatistically,butitdoesn'tfeelgood.

Whydoesn'tever-greaterwealthpromoteever-greaterhappiness?Itisaquestionthatdatesatleasttothe

appearancein1958ofTT/c（富有的）SocietybyJohnKennethGalbraith,whodiedrecentlyat97.

TheAffluentSocietyisamodernclassicbecauseithelpeddefineanewmomentinthehumancondition.

Formostofhistory,"hunger,sickness,andcold“threatenednearlyeveryone,Galbraithwrote."Povertywas

foundeverywhereinthatworld.Obviouslyitisnotofours."AfterWorldWarII,thedreadofanotherGreat

Depressiongavewaytoaneconomicboom.Inthe1930sunemploymenthadaveraged18.2percent;inthe

1950sitwas4.5percent.

ToGalbraith,materialismhadgonemadandwouldbreeddiscontent.Throughadvertising,companies

conditionedconsumerstobuythingstheydidn'treallywantorneed.Becausesomuchspendingwas

artificial,itwouldbeunfulfilling.Meanwhile,governmentspendingthatwouldmakeeveryonebetteroff

wasbeingcutdownbecausepeopleinstinctively-andwrongly-labeledgovernmentonlyas“anecessary

evil.”

It'softensaidthatonlythericharegettingahead;everyoneelseisstandingstillorfallingbehind.Well,

therearemanyundeservingrich—overpaidchiefexecutives,fbrinstance.Butoveranymeaningfulperiod,

mostpeople'sincomesareincreasing.From1995to2023,inflation-adjustedaveragefamilyincomerose

14.3percent,to$43,200.peoplefeel“squeezed“becausetheirrisingincomesoftendon'tsatisfytheirrising

wants—fbrbiggerhomes,morehealthcare,moreeducation,fasterInternetconnections.

Theothergreatfrustrationisthatithasnoteliminatedinsecurity.Peopleregardjobstabilityaspartof

theirstandardofliving.Ascorporatelayoffsincreased,thatparthaseroded.Moreworkersfearthey've

become“thedisposableAmerican,asLouisUchitelleputsitinhisbookbythesamename.

Becausesomuchprevioussufferingandsocialconflictstemmedfrompoverty,thearrivalofwidespread

affluencesuggestedutopian（乌托邦式的）possibilities.Uptoapoint,affluencesucceeds.Thereismuchles

physicalmiserythanbefore.Peoplearebetteroff.Unfortunately,affluencealsocreatesnewcomplaintsand

contradictions.

Advancedsocietiesneedeconomicgrowthtosatisfythemultiplyingwantsoftheircitizens.Butthe

questforgrowthletsloosenewanxietiesandeconomicconflictsthatdisturbthesocialorder.Affluence

liberatestheindividual,promisingthateveryonecanchooseauniquewaytoself-fulfillment.Butthepromise

issoextravagantthatitpredestinesmanydisappointmentsandsometimesinspireschoicesthathave

anti-socialconsequences,includingfamilybreakdownandobesity(以巴胖症).Statisticalindicatorsof

happinesshavenotrisenwithincomes.

Shouldwebesurprised?Notreally.We'vesimplyreaffirmedanoldtruth:thepursuitofaffluencedoes

notalwaysendwithhappiness.

留意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

52.WhatquestiondoesJohnKennethGalbraithraiseinhisbookTheAffluentSociety?

A)Whystatisticsdon'ttellthetruthabouttheeconomy.

B)Whyaffluencedoesn'tguaranteehappiness.

C)Howhappinesscanbepromotedtoday.

D)Whatliesbehindaneconomicboom.

53.AccordingtoGalbraith,peoplefeeldiscontentedbecause.

A)publicspendinghasn'tbeencutdownasexpected

B)thegovernmenthasprovedtobeanecessaryevil

C)theyareinfearofanotherGreatDepression

D)materialismhasrunwildinmodernsociety

54.Whydopeoplefeelsqueezedwhentheiraverageincomerisesconsiderably?

A)Theirmaterialpursuitshavegonefaraheadoftheirearnings.

B)Theirpurchasingpowerhasdroppedmarkedlywithinflation.

C)Thedistributionofwealthisunevenbetweenther5ichandthepoor.

D)Healthcareandeducationalcosthavesomehowgoneoutofcontrol.

55.WhatdoesLouisUchitellemeanby“thedisposableAmerican^^(Line3,Para.5)?

A)Thosewhoseejobstabilityaspartoftheirlivingstandard.

B)Peoplefullofutopianideasresultingfromaffluence.

C)PeoplewhohavelittlesayinAmericanpolitics.

D)Workerswhonolongerhavesecurejobs.

56.WhathasaffluencebroughttoAmericansociety?

A)Renewedeconomicsecurity.

B)Asenseofself-fulfillment.

C)Newconflictsandcomplaints.

D)Miseryandanti-socialbehavior.

PassageTwo

Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Theuseofdeferential(敬重的)languageissymbolicoftheConfucianidealofthewoman,which

dominatesconservativegendernormsinJapan.Thisidealpresentsawomanwhowithdrawsquietlytothe

background,subordinatingherlifeandneedstothoseofherfamilyanditsmalehead.Sheisadutiful

daughter,wife,andmother,masterofthedomesticarts.ThetypicalrefinedJapanesewomanexcelsin

modestyanddelicacy;she“treadssoftly(谨言，慎行)intheworld,“elevatingfemininebeautyandgracetoan

artform.

Nowadays,itiscommonlyobservedthatyoungwomenarenotconformingtothefemininelinguistic

(语言的)ideal.Theyareusingfeweroftheverydeferential“women，s"forms,andevenusingthefewstrong

formsthatareknowas"men's."This,ofcourse,attractsconsiderableattentionandhasledtoanoutcryinthe

Japanesemediaagainstthedefeminizationofwomen'slanguage.Indeed,wedidn'thearabout"men's

language^untilpeoplebegantorespondtogirls'appropriationofformsnormallyreservedforboysandmen.

Thereisconsiderablesentimentaboutthe“corruption“ofwomen'slanguage—whichofcourseisviewedas

partofthelossoffeminineidealsandmorality-andthissentimentiscrystallizedbynationwideopinion

pollsthatareregularlycarriedoutbythemedia.

YoshikoMatsumotohasarguedthatyoungwomenprobablyneverusedasmanyofthehighly

deferentialformsasolderwomen.Thishighlypolitestyleisnodoubtsomethingthatyoungwomenhave

beenexpectedto“growinto”—afterall,itisassignnotsimplyoffemininity,butofmaturityandrefinement,

anditsusecouldbetakentoindicateachangeinthenatureofone'ssocialrelationsaswell.Onemightwell

imaginelittlegirlsusingexceedinglypoliteformswhenplayinghouseorimitatingolderwomen—ina

fashionanalogoustolittlegirls'useofahigh-pitchedvoicetodo"teachertalk"or"mothertalk“inroleplay.

ThefactthatyoungJapanesewomenareusinglessdeferentiallanguageisasuresignofchange-of

socialchangeandoflinguisticchange.Butitismostcertainlynotasignofthe“masculization“ofgirls.In

someinstances,itmaybeasignthatgirlsaremakingthesameclaimtoauthorityasboysandmen,butthatis

verydifferentfromsayingthattheyaretryingtobe“masculine."KatsueReynoldshasarguedthatgirls

nowadaysareusingmoreassertivelanguagestrategiesinordertobeabletocompetewithboysinschools

andout.Socialchangealsobringsnotsimplydifferentpositionsforwomenandgirls,butdifferentrelations

tolifestages,andadolescentgirlsareparticipatinginnewsubculturalforms.Thuswhatmay,toanolder

speaker,seemlike“masculine”speechmayseemtoanadolescentlike“liberated"or"hip”speech.

留意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

57.Thefirstparagraphdescribesindetail.

A)thestandardssetforcontemporaryJapanesewomen

B)theConfuc