考研完形填空阅读理解

完形填空Themajorityofpeople,aboutnineoutoften,areright-handed.___1___untilrecently,peoplewhowereleft-handedwereconsidered___2___,andoncechildrenshowedthistendencytheywereforcedtousetheirrighthands.Todayleft-handednessisgenerally___3___,butitisstilladisadvantageinaworld___4___mostpeopleareright-handed.Forexample,mosttoolsandimplementsarestill___5___forright-handedpeople.Insports,___6___contrast,doingthingswiththelefthandorfoot,isoftenanadvantage.Throwing,kicking,punchingorbattingfromthe“___7___”sidemayresultinthrowing___8___manyopponentswhoaremoreaccustomedtodealingwiththe___9___ofplayerswhoareright-handed.Thisiswhy,inmany___10___ataprofessionallevel,a___11___proportionofplayersareleft-handedthaninthepopulationasawhole.Theword“right”inmanylanguagesmeans“correct”oris___12___withlawfulness,whereasthewordsassociated___13___“left”,suchas“sinister”,generallyhave___14___associations.Moreover,amonganumberofprimitivepeoples,thereisaclose___15___betweendeathandthelefthand.Inthepast,in___16___Westernsocieties,childrenwereoftenforcedtousetheirrighthands,especiallytowritewith.Insomecasesthelefthandwas___17___behindthechild’sbacksothatitcouldnotbeused.If,inthefuture,theyareallowedtochoose,___18___willcertainlybemoreleft-handers,andprobably___19___peoplewithminorpsychologicaldisturbancesasaresultofbeingforcedtousetheir___20___hand.1.A.DownB.NeverC.UpD.Not2.A.uniqueB.specialC.normalD.abnormal3.A.acceptedB.admittedC.approvedD.acknowledged4.A.whenB.thatC.whereD.which5.A.orderedB.designedC.plannedD.supposed6.A.byB.forC.atD.in7.A.properB.indirectC.correctD.wrong8.A.awayB.downC.offD.up9.A.minorityB.majorityC.plentyD.lack10.A.gamesB.hobbiesC.activitiesD.rounds11.A.moreB.higherC.betterD.smaller12.A.relatedB.mixedC.connectedD.combined13.A.byB.withC.toD.at14.A.negativeB.positiveC.similarD.equal15.A.divisionB.examinationC.combinationD.association16.A.allB.mostlyC.anyD.most17.A.tiedB.attachedC.broughtD.removed18.A.thoseB.theseC.thereD.they19.A.noB.moreC.greaterD.fewer20.A.leftB.rightC.eitherD.correct参考答案：1----5CDACB6----10ADCBA11---15BCBAD16----20DACDBBankershavebeenblamingthemselvesfortheirtroublesinpublic.Behindthescenes,theyhavebeentakingaimatsomeoneelse:theaccountingstandard-setters.Theirrules,moanthebanks,haveforcedthemtoreportenormouslosses,andit’sjustnotfair.Theserulessaytheymustvaluesomeassetsatthepriceathirdpartywouldpay,notthepricemanagersandregulatorswouldlikethemtofetch.Unfortunately,banks’lobbyingnowseemstobeworking.Thedetailsmaybeunknowable,buttheindependenceofstandard-setters,essentialtotheproperfunctioningofcapitalmarkets,isbeingcompromised.And,unlessbankscarrytoxicassetsatpricesthatattractbuyers,revivingthebankingsystemwillbedifficult.AfterabruisingencounterwithCongress,EuropeanministersinstantlydemandedthattheInternationalAccountingStandardsBoard(IASB)dolikewise.TheIASBsaysitdoesnotwanttoactwithoutoverallplanning,butthepressuretofoldwhenitcompletesitreconstructionofruleslaterthisyearisstrong.CharlieMcCreevy,aEuropeancommissioner,warnedtheIASBthatitdid“notliveinapoliticalvacuum”but“intherealword”andthatEuropecouldyetdevelopdifferentrules.Itwasbanksthatwereonthewrongplanet,withaccountsthatvastlyovervaluedassets.Todaytheyarguethatmarketpricesoverstatelosses,becausetheylargelyreflectthetemporaryilliquidityofmarkets,notthelikelyextentofbaddebts.Thetruthwillnotbeknownforyears.Butbank’ssharestradebelowtheirbookvalue,suggestingthatinvestorsareskeptical.Anddeadmarketspartlyreflecttheparalysisofbankswhichwillnotsellassetsforfearofbookinglosses,yetarereluctanttobuyallthosesupposedbargains.Togetthesystemworkingagain,lossesmustberecognizedanddealtwith.America’snewplantobuyuptoxicassetswillnotworkunlessbanksmarkassetstolevelswhichbuyersfindattractive.Successfulmarketsrequireindependentandevencombativestandard-setters.TheFASBandIASBhavebeenexactlythat,cleaninguprulesonstockoptionsandpensions,forexample,againsthostilityformspecialinterests.Butbygivingintocriticsnowtheyareinvitingpressuretomakemoreconcessions.36.Bankerscomplainedthattheywereforcedto[A]followunfavorableassetevaluationrules[B]collectpaymentsfromthirdparties[C]cooperatewiththepricemanagers[D]reevaluatesomeoftheirassets.37.Accordingtotheauthor,therulechangesoftheFASBmayresultin[A]thediminishingroleofmanagement[B]therevivalofthebankingsystem[C]thebanks’long-termassetlosses[D]theweakeningofitsindependence38.AccordingtoParagraph4,McCreevyobjectstotheIASB’sattemptto[A]keepawayfrompoliticalinfluences.[B]evadethepressurefromtheirpeers.[C]actontheirowninrule-setting.[D]takegradualmeasuresinreform.39.Theauthorthinksthebankswere“onthewrongplanet”inthatthey[A]misinterpretedmarketpriceindicators[B]exaggeratedtherealvalueoftheirassets[C]neglectedthelikelyexistenceofbaddebts.[D]deniedbookinglossesintheirsaleofassets.40.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsstandard-settersisoneof[A]satisfaction.[B]skepticism.[C]objectiveness[D]sympathyText436.A解析：细节题。答案意为“遵循不利的资产评估准则”。由题干中的“Bankerscomplained”和“force”定位于第一段第三行“Theirrules,moanthebanks,haveforcedthemtoreportenormouslosses,andit’sjustnotfair.Theserulessaytheymustvaluesomeassetsatthepriceathirdpartywouldpay,notthepricemanagersandregulatorswouldlikethemtofetch.”该句核心词为rules，四个答案中只有A选项包含。37.A解析：推理引申题。答案意为“管理的作用的逐渐消失”。根据题干中的专有名词FASB定位于第三段。第一句提到FASB经过努力使国会通过了一些变革，这些变革赋予了银行更多的权利，也就是说对银行的管理更为松散，所以答案为“管理的作用的逐渐消失”。38.C解析：细节题。答案意为“独立自主的制定法规”。根据题干中的“McCreevyobjectsto”定位到第五段。第五段提到立即根据美国的变化做出一样的反应，欧洲的各界人士对此的反对十分强烈，引用McCreevy的话是为了说明这一点：欧洲要对这个问题有自己独立的法律法规。39.C解析：句意题。答案意为“忽视了坏账存在的极大可能性”。根据题干的信息定位到第六段Todaytheyarguethatmarketpricesoverstatelosses,becausetheylargelyreflectthetemporaryilliquidityofmarkets,notthelikelyextentofbaddebts.批判银行一味的夸大“thatmarketpricesoverstatelosses”，而忽视了“thelikelyextentofbaddebts”。40.D解析：情感态度题。文章讨论了银行针对“standard-setters”的敌意行为，特别是文章最后一段更是明确的表明了作者对“standard-setters”的同情。长难句1.TheAmericaneconomicsystemisorganizedaroundabasicallyprivate-enterprise,market-orientedeconomyinwhichconsumerslargelydeterminewhatshallbeproducedbyspendingtheirmoneyinthemarketplaceforthosegoodsandservicesthattheywantmost.[参考译文]美国的经济体系基本上是以私有企业和市场导向经济来构建的，在这种经济中，消费者支付他们在市场上最想要的货品和服务的费用，从而在很大程度上决定了该生产什么样的产品。2.Thus,intheAmericaneconomicsystemitisthedemandofindividualconsumers,coupledwiththedesireofbusinessmentomaximizeprofitsandthedesireofindividualstomaximizetheirincomes,thattogetherdeterminewhatshallbeproducedandhowresourcesareusedtoproduceit.[参考译文]因此，在美国的经济体系中，个体消费者的需求与商人试图最大化其利润的欲望和个人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相结合，一起决定了生产什么样的产品，以及如何利用资源来制造这种产品。3.If,ontheotherhand,producingmoreofacommodityresultsinreducingitscost,thiswilltendtoincreasethesupplyofferedbyseller-producers,whichinturnwilllowerthepriceandpermitmoreconsumerstobuytheproduct.[参考译文]另一方面，如果大量制造某种商品导致其成本下降，那么这就有可能增加卖方和制造商能提供的供给，而这也就会反过来降低价格并允许更多的消费者购买产品。4.IntheAmericaneconomy,theconceptofprivatepropertyembracesnotonlytheownershipofproductiveresourcesbutalsocertainrights,includingtherighttodeterminethepriceofaproductortomakeafreecontractwithanotherprivateindividual.[参考译文]在美国经济中，私有财产的概念不仅包含对生产资源的所有权，也指其他一些特定的权利，如确定一个产品价格和与另一个私人个体(经济单位)自由签定合同的权利。5.Atthesametimethesecomputersrecordwhichhoursarebusiestandwhichemployersarethemostefficient,allowingpersonnelandstaffingassignmentstobemadeaccordingly.Andtheya