Unit8教材知识梳理-人教版七年级英语下册

U8onceuponatimeShortstoriescanholdbigideas.教学目标1.tellstoriesandtalkaboutwhatyoucanlearnfromthem.(会讲故事，并谈论收获)2.usethesimplepasttenseandthesimplepresenttensetotellastoryand.makeupanendingforastory.（学会用一般现在时和一般过去时讲故事，并能为故事续写结局）3..explorestoriesfromdifferentcultures.（了解不同国家的故事）二、知识梳理了解不同的英文小故事及寓意（单元全部有所提及，故事重点讲了标红色的,黄色来源于教材，加粗单词为单词表单词。）故事中文简介英文简介诺亚方舟诺亚方舟是《圣经》中的故事，讲述了上帝决定用洪水毁灭世界，但指示诺亚建造一艘大船来保护他的家人和各种动物。洪水过后，诺亚放出鸽子寻找陆地，最终鸽子带回了橄榄枝，表示洪水已经退去。ThestoryofNoah'sArkisfromtheBible,whereGoddecidedtodestroytheworldwithafloodbutinstructedNoahtobuildalargeboattoprotecthisfamilyandpairsofanimals.Aftertheflood,Noahsentadovetofindland,andthedovereturnedwithanolivebranch,indicatingthefloodwatershadreceded.狮子和老鼠这个故事讲述了一只老鼠无意中帮助了一只被困的狮子，狮子因此承诺将来会回报老鼠。后来，老鼠真的需要狮子的帮助来逃脱猎人的追捕。这个故事展示了即使是最弱小的生物也能提供帮助，以及感恩的重要性。Thestorytellsofamousewhoaccidentallyhelpsatrappedlion.Thelioncaughtthemouse.Themouseaskedthelionnottokillhim.Hepromisedtohelpthelion,andthelionlethimgo.Thehuntercaughtthelion.Themousebitthroughthenet.Thisstoryshowsthateventhesmallestcreaturescanprovidehelpandtheimportanceofgratitude.叶公好龙叶公非常喜欢龙，他的家里到处都装饰着龙的图案。然而，当一条真正的龙出现时，叶公却害怕地逃跑了。这个故事讽刺了那些表面上喜欢某事物，但实际上并不真正理解和欣赏它的人。LordYeloveddragonsanddecoratedhishomewithdragonmotifs.However,whenarealdragonappeared,LordYeranawayinfear.Thisstorysatirizesthosewhoclaimtolovesomethingbutdonottrulyunderstandorappreciateit.塞翁失马很久以前，一个农民失去了他的马。然而，不久之后，这匹马带着其他六匹马回来了.但是，好景不长，农民的儿子在尝试驯服其中一匹新马时，不幸摔断了腿。当战争爆发时，由于儿子腿伤，他不符合参军的条件，因此不必去参军打仗，从而避免了可能在战争中失去生命的命运。这个故事告诉我们，有时候表面上看起来是不幸的事情，可能会带来意想不到的好运；反之亦然。它强调了在面对生活中的起伏时，保持耐心和乐观态度的重要性。Longago,afarmerlosthishorse.Thefarmer'shorsecamebackwithsixotherhorses.Thefarmer'ssonbrokehisleg.Thefarmer'ssondidn'thavetojointhewar.Usually,peoplefeelsadwhentheylosesomething.Butthefarmerinthestorydidn'tfeelsadwhenhelosthishorse.Thisstoryteachesusthatsometimesmisfortunecanleadtounexpectedgoodfortune.皇帝的新衣这个故事讲述了一个愚蠢的皇帝被两个骗子欺骗，相信他们能制作出只有聪明人才能看见的衣服。结果，皇帝在众人面前裸体游行，直到一个小孩说出了真相。这个故事讽刺了盲目的权威和缺乏批判性思维。Here'sTheEmperor'sNewClothesbyHansChristianAndersen.Onceuponatime,anemperorlovedclothesverymuch.Hewantedtobuysomenewclothes.Twobrotherscameandliedtohim,“Wecanmakewonderfulclothes!Butonlyclever/smartpeoplecanseethem!”Theypromisedtomakebeautifulclothes.Theypretendedtomaketheclothes.Theemperor'sofficialscouldn'tseetheclothes,buttheysaid,“Whatlovelyclothes!”Theemperorcouldn'tseeanythingeither,buthesaid,“They'rebeautiful!”Noonewantedtolooksilly.Theemperordecidedtoshoweveryonehisnewclothes.Peopleinthestreetpraisedthematfirst.Theywereafraidtolooksillytoo!Suddenly,aboyshouted,“Look!Theemperorhasnoclotheson!”Everyonelookedatoneanother.Theystarted/beganlaughingwhenaboytoldthetruth.Thisstorysatirizesblindauthorityandthelackofcriticalthinking.丑小鸭这个故事讲述了一只长得丑陋的小鸭子，它因为自己的外貌而被其他鸭子欺负。然而，随着时间的推移，丑小鸭长成了一只美丽的天鹅。这个故事告诉我们，每个人都有自己的价值，不应因为外表而被评判。Onceuponatime,therewasamotherduck.Shehadsixlittleducklings.Fiveoftheducklingsweresmallandyellow,butthelastducklingwasbigandgrey.“Hedoesn’tlooklikeus!Whatanuglyduckling!”theotherducklingssaid.“That’snotnice!”saidMotherDuck.“He’sstilladucklikeus!”Attheriver,theuglyducklingswamwell,justlikealltheotherducklings.Buttheotherducklingsstilllaughedathimandtoldhimtogoaway.Itmadethepoorducklingverysad,sohedecidedtosearchforanewhome.Hemetmanyotherbirds,butallofthemthoughtthathewasuglytoo.Theydidnotwanthimtolivewiththem.Oneday,theducklingmetacatandahen.“MayIstaywithyou?”heaskedhopefully.Butthetwoanimalssaidno.Theydidnotlikehimbecausehecouldnotpurrorlayeggs!Somedayslater,theuglyducklingcametoalake.There,hesawthreebeautifulswanswithlongnecksandwhitefeathers.“IwishIlookedlikeyou!”hecried.“Myfriend,youdolooklikeus!Lookinthewater!”oneoftheswanssaid.Theducklinglookeddown,andtohissurprise,hesawthathewasabeautifulwhiteswantoo!Thestorytellsofanuglyducklingwhoisbulliedbyotherducksbecauseofitsappearance.However,overtime,theuglyducklinggrowsintoabeautifulswan.Thisstoryteachesusthateveryonehastheirownworthandshouldnotbejudgedbytheirappearance.《渔夫和魔鬼》《一千零一夜》中的一个著名故事。这个故事讲述了一个渔夫意外捕获了一个装有魔鬼的瓶子。魔鬼因为长时间被囚禁而愤怒，承诺如果有人释放他，他就会杀死那个人。然而，故事的结局通常是渔夫通过智慧和机智，最终成功地制服了魔鬼。这个故事通过渔夫和魔鬼的互动，展示了智慧和勇气的重要性，以及在面对强大对手时，冷静思考和机智应对的价值。Onceuponatime,afishermancaughtabottleinhisfishingnet.Whenheopenedit,agreatcloudcameoutandbecameagenie!“Preparetodie!”shoutedthegenie.“Alongtimeago,Imadeapromise.Ifsomeonesetmefree,Iwouldmakethemrichandpowerful.Butnooneevercame.Afteryearsandyearsofwaiting,Ibecameveryangry.Ifanyonesetmefree,Iwouldkilltheminsteadofgivingthemanything.So,youmustdie!”Intheend，thefishermansucceedinsavinghimself.Thisstory,throughtheinteractionbetweenthefishermanandthegenie,demonstratestheimportanceofwisdomandcourage,andthevalueofcalmthinkingandquickwitwhenfacingapowerfulopponent.《小妇人》由美国作家露易莎·梅·奥尔科特所著，一部以美国南北战争为背景，以19世纪美国新英格兰地区的一个普通家庭四个姐妹之间的生活琐事为蓝本的带有自传色彩的家庭伦理小说。小说受到当时的大思想家爱默生的影响，强调了个人尊严与自立自律的观念；内容平实却细腻，结构单纯而寓意深远，富有强烈的感染力。"LittleWomen"byAmericanauthorLouisaMayAlcott,acivilwarintheUnitedStatesasthebackground,inthe19thcenturytheUnitedStatesinNewEnglandanaveragefamilyoffoursisters,isbasedonthelifetriviabetweenfamilyethicswithautobiographycolorfiction.Novelsbyatthattime,theinfluenceofthegreatthinkersofEmerson,highlightstheconceptofpersonaldignityandindependenceofselfdiscipline;Contentplanebutdelicate,simplestructureandfable,richstrongappeal。重点单词及短语课文例句拓展/讲解Themousebitthroughthenet.bite动词，“咬、啃、叮、刺”；过去式为bit。名词，译为“咬了一口”，复数为bites。常见搭配：Bitethrough：咬穿Takeabiteof:咬一口Themousepromisedtohelpthelion.①〔动词〕承诺；保证promise(not)todosth承诺（不）做某事，保证（不）做某事promisesbsth/promisesthtosb答应给某人某物②〔名词〕承诺；诺言makeapromise许下诺言keepapromise信守诺言breakapromise违背诺言Wasthefarmerwise?wise(adj.明智的；高明的)→wisely(adv.明智地；聪明地)Onceuponatime,anemperorlovedclothesverymuchonceuponatime从前；很久以前=long(long)agoTwobrotherscameandliedtohim①v.撒谎；lietosb对某人撒谎②v.躺；平躺③v.位于；存在；处于④n.谎言；tellalie/telllies撒谎【助记】规则的说谎（lielied），不规则的躺(lielay)。Theypretendedtomaketheclothes.pretend(not)todosth.装作（不）做某事Pretendtobedoingsth.装作正在做某事Pretendtobe+名词/形容词装作是...Whatlovelyclothes!感叹句How+形容词(+主语+谓语！)=What(+a/an)+名词(+主语+谓语！)注意：我们可以通过找句子的主语谓语来判断用how还是what：找到句子的主语，判断主语前紧靠着词的词性，名词用what，其余用how。Theemperordecidedtoshoweveryonehisnewclothesdecide〔动词〕决定；decide(not)todosth决定（不）做某事decideon/uponsth.决定某事decision〔名词〕决定；makeadecision做决定Peoplepraisedtheclothesatfirst①〔动词〕赞美；表扬；praisesbfor(doing)sth表扬某人（做）某事②〔名词〕赞扬；称赞；赞美；inpraiseof赞扬，赞美atfirst起初;最初；Suddenly,aboyshouted..suddenly〔副词〕突然地；出乎意料地常放在句首作状语。sudden〔形容词〕突然的；意想不到的Theylaughedwhenaboytoldthetruth.truth〔名词〕真相；事实tellthetruth说实话Totellthetruth说实话①true〔形容词〕符合事实的；真正的②truly〔副词〕真正；确实；真诚地"Wecanmakealotofmoneybylyingtotheemperor.oneofthebrotherssaid.Makemoney赚钱bydoingsth通过做某事；表示通过某种方式或手段等。“Oneof+可数名词复数”，译为“...之一”；作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Ihatetobedifferent.hate〔及物动词〕不喜欢；厌恶；讨厌hatetodosth与hatedoingsth【注意】hate不用于进行时态。Quickly,theartistpaintedabeautifulpictureofahorsequickly〔副词〕快速地；很快形容词quickhaveaquickdinner=havedinnerquickly匆匆地吃晚饭artist〔可数名词〕美术家名词艺术artTherewerepaintingsofhorsesallover!allover到处；遍及Allovertheworld全世界Buttheotherducklingsstilllaughedathimandtoldhimtogoaway.laugh〔动词〕笑laughatsb.嘲笑某人laughter〔名词〕笑声goaway走开Attheriver,theuglyducklingswamwell,justlikealltheotherducklings.justlike“像...一样”【易混辨析】Other,theother,others,theothers与anotherItmadethepoorducklingverysad,sohedecidedtosearchforanewhome.①〔动词〕寻找；搜寻；searchfor寻找；搜寻；查找search..forsb/sth搜查找某人/某物②〔名词〕搜寻；搜索；查找anonlinesearch网上搜索"MayIstaywithyou?"heaskedhopefully.“hope(n.希望)hopeful(adj.有希望的)hopefully(adv.有希望地)Theydidnotlikehimbecausehecouldnotpurrorlayeggs!lay〔动词〕（过去式：laid)①下（蛋）；产（卵）②放置；搁③摆放（餐具）layout摆出“IwishIlookedlikeyou!”hecried.“Wish〔动词〕希望wishsb.todosth.希望某人做某事Wishtodosth.希望做某事Wish+that从句希望...注意：接that从句时，常用虚拟语气。在与现在情况相反的虚拟语气中，从句的谓语动词用过去式，be动词通常用were。wish〔名词〕希望；愿望haveawish有一个愿望bestwishes(tosb.)(给你)最美好的祝福Theducklinglookeddown,andtohissurprise,hesawthathewasabe