考研英语阅读理解B-(一)

考研英语阅读理解BY—）

（总分：100.00,做题时间：90分钟）

一、{{B}}SectionIReadingComprehension{{/B}}（总题数：5,分数：100.00）

IfyouthinkJapan'shard-drinkingbusinesscultureisasdeadasthe

SonyBetamax,thinkagain.{{U}}{{U}}1{{/U}}{{/U}}Notonlyare

company-sponsoreddrinkingmarathonsback,sotooaresubsidized

dormsforsingleemployeesaswellascorporateoutingssuchashot­

springretreatsandannualvisitstothecompanyfounder'sancestral

grave.〃Werealizedthatworkplacecommunicationwasbecoming

nonexistent,，zexplainshuman-resourcesmanagerShinjiMatsuyama,

whosecompany,AlpsElectric,spentseveralmilliondollarslastyear

tobringtogetherabout3,000workersforitsfirstcompanywide

undokai,ormini-Olympics,in14years.AccordingtoMatsuyama,the

sharedexperienceofplayingdodgeballandskippingrope〃helped

unitepeopleunderacommongoal.z，

It'sthatsenseofteamspiritandtogethernessthatmanyJapanese

corporationsaretryingtorevive.Agenerationago,collegegrads

enteredcompaniesenmasse,livedtogether,dranktogether,quite

oftenmarriedeachother,andretiredtogether.Thisclose-knit

corporateculture,whichwasvirtuallynationallaborpolicy,was

widelycreditedforJapan，srapideconomicrise.Butitallended

whenthecountrywentintoeconomicrecessioninthe1990s.{{U}}

{{U}}2{{/U}}{{/U}}zzTheJapaneseequatedglobalismwithnotjust

theAmericanwayofbusiness,butwithrejectingtheirpast,〃says

JunIshida,CEOofTokyo-basedbusinessconsultancyWillPM.〃Nomore

drinkingsessions,nomorecompanyevents.Suddenlyitwasaboutthe

individualoutforhimselfandonlyhimself.，z

Butastheeconomyreboundedinthepastseveralyears,many

executivesbegantowonderiftheyhadgonetoofar.Tryingto

rebuildcompanyloyaltyanddecreaseturnover,majorcompanies

includingCanon,KintetsuandFujitsuhaveinrecentyearsalteredor

scrappedtheirperformance-basedpayandrestoredseniorityasa

determinantofsalaries.Meanwhile,tradinghouseMitsuilastyear

reopenedfivedormsforsingleemployees-aprogramthatcoststhe

companynearly$1millionayear.{{U}}{{U}}3{{/U}}{{/U}}Despite

thecrampedconditionsandsharedbathrooms,24-year-oldMikiMasegi

movedfromherparents，houseincentralTokyotolivewith105

femaleco-workers.Thoughhercommutingtimedoubled,shesaysthe

movewasworthit.〃Itreallyhelpstohavepeoplearoundthatyou

cantalktoaboutyourproblems,，zMasegisays.

{{U}}{{U}}4{{/U}}{{/U}}0neworkerrevealedhow9/11changedhis

careeroutlook;anothertalkedabouthowshedrewstrengthfromagay

classmatewhocameoutincollege.CompanypresidentShrgeruOtasays

thepresentationsaredesignedto"createanewtypeoffamily

companybysharinglifehistory..,delight,anger,sorrowand

pleasure.zz

Despitesuchexperiments,Japanesecompaniesmayfindithardto

restoretheglorydaysofJapanInc.{{U}}{{U}}5{{/U}}

{{/U}}Indeed,duringNoboruKoyama，sSaturday-nightdrinkingsession,

employeeEriShimodaconfidesthathisco-workers"feellikefamily.

Yetmostofthosewhoattendedthepartyalsosaythat,warmand

fuzzysentimentaside,theyplantoleavethecleaningcompanywithin

afewyears."Workisjustwork,〃saysoneofthem.

Noamountoffreesake,itseems,canconvincetoday，syoung

salarymenthattheirloyaltycanbepurchasedonthecompanytab.

A.Introducingdog-eat-dogvaluesintocorporateculturesthat

continuetoprizetheorganizationovertheindividualgenerated

workerdissatisfaction.

B.Companiesaretryingtofosterfriendshipandloyaltyinother

waysaswell.EverynewemployeeofTokyop.r.firmBilcom,for

example,mustspendaweekendmakingathree-minutedigitalslide

showsharingtheirmostmovingpersonalexperiences.

C.Aftermorethanadecadeoffrugality(nottomentionrestraint)

duringJapan，slengthyeconomicrecession,manyJapanesecompanies

arethrivingtoday-andthey，rerevivingsomeofthebusinesscustoms

thatwerehallmarksofJapanInc.duringthebooming1980s.

D.That'sbecausetoday,oneinthreeJapaneseworkspart-time;

youngeremployeesinparticulartendtovaluemobilityoverthe

securityoflifetimeemployment.

E.However,unliketheeldergeneration,workerstodayarevery

dissatisfiedwithcompanies，effortstorestoreloyaltyand

friendship.

F.Threatenedbycheaplaborandmoreefficientbusinessmodels,

JapanesecompaniesbeganadoptingAmericanmanagementconceptssuch

asmerit-basedpayandcompetitionamongemployees.

G.Employeeshaverespondedenthusiastically.（分数:20.oo）

填空项i：（正确答案：o

解析：本段介绍了曾因经济衰退而一度没落的日本商业习俗随着经济的回暖而复苏了。空格位于该段第二

句，前一句末尾的thinkagain表明日本的饮酒文化也许并不像SonyBetamax录像机那样一去不复返，

第三句则表明众多一度没落的日本商业习俗都回归了。按照语篇结构，第二句说的应该是日本企业告别了

寒冬并开始试图恢复昔日繁荣时期的商业习俗。由空格前的asdeadas,thinkagain及下文的Not

only-back,solooare…可知此空应与某一文化的回归有关，纵观各选项，C项的信息词

reviving…businesscustoms与上下文衔接得当，故为正确答案。

填空项1：.（正确答案：F）

解析：详细分析了日本亲密无间的企业文化之所以一度没落的原因。空格前一句非常重要，它提到了当日

本在上世纪90年代进入经济衰退期时，那种亲密无间的企业文化结束了：空格后则谈到美国式的经营之

道。因而空格内的内容大致应包含：企业开始采用美国的商业管理理念。上文提到itallended,其中

it指上义的close-knitcorporateculture,下文贝U提至Uequatect..notjusttheAmericanwayof

business,but…rejectingtheirpast,故此空格应与新旧两种文化有关，F项句首的Threatenedby…

与上文的economicrecession对应，ffoAmericanmanagementconcepts则与下文的Americanwayof

business形成复现，故确定F为正确答案。

填空项1：（正确答案：G）

解析：本段介绍了随着经济的复苏，已逐渐被大家忽略的培养忠诚团结的企业文化乂赢得了关注和重视。

空格前讲述三井商行重开单身员工宿舍的事例，空格后举例说员工的良好反应。判断空格处应填的是包含

员工热烈反应意思的过渡句。G项提到员工respondedenthusiastically,与空格后的信息词：worth

it,helps等相对应，故正确。在提到员工的各选项中，A、E项分别提到员工的dissatisfaction和

dissatisfied,与文意相反，故排除；B项讲述的是另一公司的例子，排除；D项That'sbecause与上文

无法衔接。

填空项1：（正确答案：B）

解析：木段详述了其他一些为培养员工对企业的忠诚度以及加强员工团结意识的方法。空格后谈到了两名

员工所分享的生活经历，ShigeruOta认为这可以创造一个新型的家庭式公司。由此推测，空格的内容应

咳与培养员工间的情谊有关。上一段的例子是公司rebuildcompanyloyalty的方法，而空格后继续举

例，由下文的createfamilycompany可知此例子也是重振企业文化的方法。B项中的inotherwaysas

well起承上启下的作用，与上下文衔接得当。而且该项中的digitalslideshow与该段末提到的

presentations相呼应。

填空项1：（正确答案：D）

解析：文章前四段都在说日本公司文化在恢复，但第五段首句却说要重塑日本公司当年的辉煌可能很难，

可推测空格处应该解释为什么这样说。此外，空格后的例子（大多数参加酒会的员工都没有意愿长久在同

一个公司工作）也证明了空格处应该填原因。咳段句首提到hardtorestoretheglorydays,根据前

文,gloi-ydays指的是过去的loyalty,friendship的公司文化，而下文则是员工对此的反应，D项中

Thattsbecause与上文衔接,同时句中提到的valuemobi1ity与段末的plantoleave,Workisjust

work相呼应，故D为正确答案。D、E项均提到员工及对旧文化的反应，但E项中提到的elder

generation在前文并未提及，故排除。

A.〃Ijustdon'tknowhowtomotivatethemtodoabetterjob.We，re

inabudgetcrunchandIhaveabsolutelynofinancialrewardsatmy

disposal.Infact,we'11probablyhavetolaysomepeopleoffinthe

nearfuture.It'shardformetomakethejobinterestingand

challengingbecauseitisn't-it'sboring,routinepaperwork,and

thereisn，tmuchyoucandoaboutit.

B.”Finally,Ican，tsaytothemthattheirpromotionswillhingeon

theexcellenceoftheirpaperwork.Firstofall,theyknowit，snot

true.Iftheirperformanceisadequate,mostaremorelikelytoget

promotedjustbystayingontheforceacertainnumberofyearsthan

forsomespecificoutstandingact.Second,theyweretrainedtodo

thejobtheydooutinthestreets,nottofilloutforms.All

throughtheircareeritisthe.arrestsandinterventionsthatget

noticed.

C."I'vegotarealproblemwithmyofficers.Theycomeontheforce

asyoung,inexperiencedmen,andwesendthemoutonthestreet,

eitherincarsoronabeat.Theyseemtolikethecontacttheyhave

withthepublic,theactioninvolvedincrimeprevention,andthe

apprehensionofcriminals.Theyalsolikehelpingpeopleoutat

fires,accidents,andotheremergencies.

D.”Somepeoplehavesuggestedanumberofthingslikeusing

convictionrecordsasaperformancecriterion.However,weknow

that/snotfair-toomanyotherthingsareinvolved.Badpaperwork

increasesthechancethatyouloseincourt,butgoodpaperwork

doesn，tnecessarilymeanyou'llwin.Wetriedsettingupteam

competitionsbasedontheexcellenceofthereports,buttheguys

caughtontothatprettyquickly.Noonewasgettinganytypeof

rewardforwinningthecompetition,andtheyfiguredwhyshouldthey

laborwhentherewasnopayoff.

E.”Theproblemoccurswhentheygetbacktothestation.Theyhate

todothepaperwork,andbecausetheydislikeit,thejobis

frequentlyputoffordoneinadequately.Thislackofattentionhurts

uslateronwhenwegettocourt.Weneedclear,factualreports.

Theymustbehighlydetailedandunambiguous.Assoonasonepartof

areportisshowntobeinadequateorincorrect,therestofthe

reportissuspect.Poorreportingprobablycausesustolosemore

casesthananyotherfactor.

F.”SoIjustdon，tknowwhattodo.I'vebeengropinginthedarkin

anumberofyears.AndIhopethatthisseminarwillshedsomelight

onthisproblemofmineandhelpmeoutinmyfuturework./z

G.Alargemetropolitancitygovernmentwasputtingonanumberof

seminarsforadministrators,managersand/orexecutivesofvarious

departmentsthroughoutthecity.Atoneofthesesessionsthetopic

tobediscussedwasmotivation-howwecangetpublicservants

motivatedtodoagoodjob.Thedifficultyofapolicecaptainbecame

thecentralfocusofthediscussion.（分数：20.oo）

填空项1：（正确答案：C）

解析：首段G指出本文的话题一一激励（motivation）,最后一句提到一位警长遇到的难题（difficulty）成

为讨论的中心。A中的them和E中的they应指代上文的某些人，这在G找不到所指，故排除；B首句

Finally说明该段应在文中较后位置，也可排除；D中的suggest提示该段是提出建议，根据语篇特点，

应置于问题之后；C引用警长的话来讲述具体难题，其中arealproblem表明难题是首次提出，语义上

与G的difficulty衔接，所以C应该紧跟在G的后面。

填空项1：（正确答案：E）

解析：前一段C提到了officers乐于外出工作（onthestreet）,是积极的一面，纵观各选项，E首句

backtothestation与前文的onthestreet形成鲜明对比,they则指代前文的officers,信息词the

problem提示该段开始讲述所遇到的问题，符合语篇结构特点，故E应在C之后。

填空项1:（正确答案：A）

解析：E段指出了问题所在，即Poorreporting,接下来应该讲他是如何解决这一难题的。纵观各选项，

D说别人建议的方法不奏效，A、B讨论警长自己想出的解决方法。但是D项中提到Noonewasgetting

anytypeofreward”不可能获得任何的奖励”，其原因是A中交待的inabudgetcrunch,no

financialrewardso因此D应出现在A、B之后。而B段开头的Finally一词表明，B应在A之后，且A

段第一句与Poorreporting相呼应。

填空项1：（正确答案：B）

解析：上•段A指出警长解决问题存在两个障碍：inabudgetcrunch和it'sboringoB承接上文，继

续讨论另一障碍，即不能将文书工作与警员的升迁挂钩，段首的Finally与上文衔接。

填空项1：（正确答案：D）

解析：既然警长自己解决不了这个问题，那其他人是怎么看的呢?所以接下来的段落应该讨论别人提出了

怎样的建议，D首句突出回应了这个话题：Somepeoplehavesuggestedanumberofthingslike…，

故D应该紧接在B的后面。

TheeconomictransformationofIndiaisoneofthegreatbusiness

storiesofourtinge.IndiancompanieslikeInfosysandWiproare

powerfulglobalplayers,whileWesternfirmslikeG.E.andI.B.M.now

havemajorresearchfacilitiesinIndiaemployingthousands.India，s

seeminglyendlessflowofyoung,motivatedengineers,scientists,and

managersofferingdeveloped-worldskillsatdeveloping-worldwagesis

heldtobeputtingAmericanjobsatrisk,andthecountryis

frequentlyheraldedas"thenexteconomicsuperpower.z，

ButIndiahasnmintoasurprisinghitchonitswaytosuperpower

status:itsinexhaustiblesupplyofworkersisbecomingexhausted.

{{U}}{{U}}11{{/U}}{{/U}}

Howisthispossibleinacountrythateveryyearproducestwoanda

halfmillioncollegegraduatesandfourhundredthousandengineers?

StartwiththefactthatjusttenpercentofIndiansgetanykindof

post-secondaryeducation,comparedwithsomefiftypercentwhodoin

theU.S.{{U}}{{U}}12{{/U}}{{/U}}

Indiadoeshavemorethanthreehundreduniversities,butarecent

surveybytheLondonTimesHigherEducationSupplementputonlytwo

ofthemamongthetophundredintheworld.Acurrentstudyledby

VivekWadhwa,ofDukeUniversity,hasfoundthatifyoudefine

“engineer"byU.S.standards,Indiaproducesjustahundredand

seventythousandengineersayear,notfourhundredthousand.The

ironyofthecurrentsituationisthatIndiawasonceconsideredto

beovereducated.{{U}}{{U}}13{{/U}}{{/U}}

However,oncetheIndianbusinessclimateloosenedup,though,that

meantcompaniescouldtapabacklogofhundredsofthousandsof

eager,skilledworkersattheirdisposal.Unfortunately,the

educationalsystemdidnotadjusttothenewrealities.{{U}}{{U}}

14{{/U}}{{/U}}Evenastheneedforskilledworkerswasincreasing,

Indiawasdevotingrelativelyfewerresourcestoproducingthem.

Indiahastakententativestepstoremedyitsskillsfamine-the

currentgovernmenthasmadenoisesaboutdoublingspendingon

education,andahostofnewcollegesanduniversitieshavesprungup

sincethemid-nineties.{{U}}{{U}}15{{/U}}{{/U}}.

Inacountrywheremorethanthreehundredmillionpeopleliveona

dollaraday,producingcollegegraduatescanseemlikealow

priority.Ultimately,theIndiangovernmenthastopulloffavery

toughtrick,maltingseriouschangesatatimewhenthingsseemtobe

goingverywell.Itneeds,inotherwords,aclearsenseof

everythingthatcanstillgowrong.TheparadoxoftheIndianeconomy

todayisthatthemorecertainitsglowingfutureseemstobe,the

lesslikelythatfuturebecomes.

A.ButIndia，simpressiveeconomicperformancehasmadetheproblem

seemlessurgentthanitactuallyis,andallowedthegovernmentto

deferdifficultchoices.

B.Moreover,ofthattenpercent,thevastmajoritygotooneof

India，sseventeenthousandcolleges,manyofwhicharecloserto

communitycollegesthantofour-yearinstitutions.

C.Infosyssaysthat,of1.3millionapplicantsforjobslastyear,

itfoundonlytwopercentacceptable.

D.AlthoughIndiahasoneoftheyoungestworkforcesontheplanet,

theheadofInfosyssaidrecentlythattherewasan"acuteshortage

ofskilledmanpower,/zandastudybyHewittAssociatesprojectsthat

thisyearsalariesforskilledworkerswillrisefourteenandahalf

percent,asuresignthatdemandforskilledlaborisoutstripping.

E.Intheseventies,asitseconomylanguished,itseemedtobea

countrywithtoomanyengineersandPh.D.sworkingasclerksin

governmentoffices.

F.ManyIndiangraduatesthereforeentertheworkforcewithalow

levelofskills.

G.Between1985and1997,thenumberofteachersinIndiaactually

fell,whilethepercentageofstudentsenrolledinhighschoolor

collegerosemoreslowlythanitdidintherestoftheworld.（分数：

20.00）

填空项1：（正确答案：D）

解析：文章前两段叙述了印度快速的经济发展以及劳动力短缺的问题。第二段首句谈到印度源源不绝的劳

动力正在枯竭，顺着文意，空格处应填入这样说的依据。上文提到supplyofworkersisbecoming

exhausted,而下一段则提出疑问Howisthispossibleinacountry,其中代词this应代指上文的劳

动力短缺问题，故空格处应与此有关。D中出现的acuteshortage与前文exhausted为信息复现，因此

为正确答案。本题易误选C,尽管其中再次出现与上文对应的Infosys公司，但C并不能说明劳动力缺

乏这一现象，只能用来说明劳动力质量不符合该公司规定。

填空项1：（正确答案：B）

解析：该段谈论印度的高等教育。空格前的Startwith（首先）是个非常重要的提示词，表明印度的高等

教育与美国的不同之处。可判断空格处会进一步说明印度的高等教育有何不同。上文提到仅10%的人接

受大学教育。B中的thattenpercent与上文照应，Moreover与Startwith呼应，不难判断该项为正

确答案。

填空项1：（正确答案：E）

解析：该段讲述印度培养的真正工程师并不多。前文提到印度培养出来的工程师标准与美国相差甚远，认

为印度存在过度教育的现象。因此接下来应举例论证。上文提到印度曾经存在过度教育的现象，根据上

文的once可知空格处应讲述过去某一时期的状况。E项中toomanyengineersandPh.D.s说明了上文

的overeducated的具体情况，且其中说到的languished“经济衰退”时期，与下文loosenedup”经济

复苏”形成对应，故应选E。G项也提到了年份，但讲的是教师数量下降等负面因素，显然不能说明上文

的overeducated,故排除。

填空项1：（正确答案：G）

解析：该段讲述印度教育制度问题造成了技术工人的短缺。第一句谈到一种假设：经济活跃起来，将有大

量的技工人员可供使用。但第二句表明情况并非如此，问题出在印度的教育制度。因此空格处应填与印度

教育制度不完善相关的内容。空格处上文与印度教育制度（educationalsystem）有关，下文也同样说到

印度减少了培养技术工人的资源投入，选项中只有G提到教师数量、入学率等与教育有关的负面信息，并

且其中提至U的thepercentageofstudents…rosemoreslowly与下文devotingrelativelyfewer

resources相对应，故为正确选项。

填空项1：（正确答案：A）

解析：上文提到了为解决技术荒的问题，大批高等院校sprungup,而下段则指出此问题seemlikea

lowpriority,上下文意见相反，故此处需表示转折的句子作过渡。A中提到的madetheproblemseem

lessurgent与下文的seemlikealowpriority对应，故A为正确答案。虽然D项也有带转折的信息

词，但D项有关人才短缺的内容显然与此空格的上下文不符。

HaroldVarmusisamanonamission-aquesttoliberatescientific

knowledgefromtheboundsofjournalsandcopyrightsandmakeitfree

toall.ThisisnosmallissuetotheNobelwinner,cancer

researcher,andpresidentofMemorialSloan-KetteringCancerCenter.

{{u}}{{U}}16{{/U}}{{/U}}

ToVarmus,whatscientistsdo,howtheythink,andwhattheywrite

shouldbeimmediatelyandfreelyavailableonlinethroughoutthe

world.Andiftaxpayerssupportscience,hesays,sharingshouldbe

mandatory.Varmusbeganpromoting"openaccess”in1999duringhis

lastyearasdirectoroftheNationalInstitutesofHealth(NIH).

Later,withafewcolleaguesandheavyphilanthropicsupport,he

establishedthePublicLibraryofSciencetoshowthewayby

publishingseveralprestigiousopen-accessjournals.

Historically,scientificjournalspayforpeerreviews,editing,and

othercoststhroughadsandsubscriptionfees.{{U}}{{U}}17{{/U}}

{{/U}}Bycontrast,theopen-accessmodelcallsfortheresearchers

(ortheirgrants)topayforpublishingatacostofsome$2,000to

$3,000ormoreperarticle.

Itsoundssensible,buttheauthor-payapproachhasfacedresistance

onseveralfronts.Somescientists,particularlythoseyoungerand

lesswellfunded,worrythatthefeeswilllimittheirpublishing.

{{U}}{{U}}18{{/U}}{{/U}}Journalsfaultamodelthatburdens

relativelyfewresearcherswithcostsnowsharedbythelargereader

base.Andothersworry,aboutgovernmentintrusion.

Thepush-backissomethingVarnmsconcedesheunderestimated.Buthe

gotaninklingwhenaneffortheledin2000fellflat.Thousandsof

scientistshadpledgedtoboycottjournalsunwillingtomaketheir

articlesfreethroughtheNationalLibraryofMedicine,butfew"kept

theirpromise.Scientificcareersstilldependgreatlyonpublishing

inestablishedjournals.ButVannuspersisted.Hestressedthatlay

readers,notjustscientists,werebeingdeprivedofknowledge.And

now,moreorganizationsareendorsingtheconcept.

Varmus,67,admitsthattheprojecthasconsumedmoretimethanhe

hadhoped.Butitissucceedingsofarbecauseofhisleadership.On

this,hegivesanodtohisNobelPrize.〃Idon，tbelievethatsome

ofthethingsthatI'vebeenabletodointhelastfewyearswould

havebeenpossiblewithoutthatlittleornament,hesays.

{{U}}{{U}}19{{/U}}{{/U}}AtSloan-Kettering,ashedidatNIH,he

walksaroundtielessandcarryingabackpack,andheworksalongside

studentsinhisownresearchlab.

Ashedoes,heurgesresearcherstogobeyondthelab,tobecome

scientificactivistsforabetterworld.{{U}}{{U}}20{{/U}}

{{/U}}Thecommonlanguageofsciencenotonlycanhelpsolve

problems,hesays;italsocanunitepeopleacrossunfriendly

borders.

A.It，smorethanthat,though.Informinghisleadershipisapassion

forscience-withits"specialpowersandspecialbeauties〃-andhis

identityasaworkingscientist,notjustanadministration.

B.Ifwespeakthatlanguage,Varmussays,〃we'11buildoneworld.If

wedon't,we'regoingtoliveinafragmentedworld,aswedonow.〃

C.Accesstoscientificliteratureisonlyonestep;poorernations

alsoneedagreatershareofscientificinvestment,hesays.

D.Infact,itissymbolicofVarmus，sviewthatscienceiscritical

toimprovingthehumanconditionand,thus,mustbeshared.

E.AbillinCongresswouldrequirescientistssupportedbytheNIH

tosubmitworkonlytojournalsthatagreetomakeitfreeonline

withinayear.

F.Subscriptionsoftenamounttohundredsofdollarsperyear,posing

financialhurdlestoreaders,especiallywhenmultipliedbymany

journals.

G.OthersareconcernedthathundredsofmillionsofNIHdollarswill

bedivertedfromresearchandintopublishing.（分数：20.00）

填空项1：.（正确答案：D）

解析：第一段主要介绍了哈罗德•瓦姆斯及其肩负的使命。待填的内容为该段的末句。前两句讲的都是哈

罗德•瓦姆斯肩负的使命，顺着句意，填入的内容应讨论该使命的重要性。上文提出哈罗德•瓦姆斯的

使命，即1iberate,•,makeitfreetoal1,而下文则提及freelyavaiIableonline,故空格处应与此

有关，D提到了瓦姆斯的观点，mustbeshared与前后文对应，故D为正确选项。E虽然也提到makeit

freeonline,但其中的bill在前后文中均未提到，故排除。

填空项1：（正确答案：F）

解析：该段比较了订阅期刊和开放获取模式的费用和来源。该段第一句说的是以往科学期刊（订阅期刊）的

收费情况，而第三句则开始谈论开放获取模式的优势。可判断空格处应填入有关订阅期刊弊端的内容。

根据该段出现的信息词payfor…through…，payfor…atacostof...,说明该段应与期刊费用有

关。F通过hundredsofdollars,financialhurdles等信息词说明期刊给读者造成的经济负担，与文

中内容相符，故为正确选项。

填空项1：（正确答案：G）

解析：第四段指出作者付费方式面临的阻力。空格位于段落中间，空格前一句的Some提到了一些科学家

的观点，由此判断要填入的句子会讨论另一部分人（others）的观点。空格前出现信息词Some

scientists…worry,而下文也提到fault和worry,故空格处应与对此项目的担忧有关，G开始就说到

Othersareconcerned…与前文相对应，故为正确答案。

填空项1：（正确答案：A）

解析：第七段介绍了哈罗德•瓦姆斯的魅力所在及其处事风格。空格位于段首。上一段谈论了瓦姆斯将成

就归功于诺贝尔奖，而空格后则介绍他的工作风格。大致判断填入的句子应有承上启下的作用，而且能够

过渡到瓦姆斯的工作风格上。上文说到哈罗德•瓦姆斯的leadership是归功于NobelPrize,纵观各选

项，A中的leadership与前文对应，morethanthat中的that实际指代前文的NobelPrize,而

workingscientist与后文提到的ashedidatNIH...heworks…inhisownresearchlab对应，故

为正确答案。

填空项1：(正确答案：C)

解析：该段指出科学知识对世界的重要性。首句是该段的中心句，其中谈到哈罗德•瓦姆斯鼓励研究人员

走出实验室，成为科学活动家，以创造更好的世界，由此推断接下来要具体谈论原因和意义。前文提到

哈罗德•瓦姆斯鼓励创造abetterworld,而下文提到unitepeopleacross…borders。C项前半句中

Accesstoscientificliterature与上文对应，而后半句poorernations…need…scientific

investment与下文衔接，起到了承上启下的作用，故为正确选项。B项是强干扰项，但它提到的that

language无法与上文衔接，故排除。

A.Especiallysincesexting(sexandtexting)mightactuallybethe

leastofoarworries.Comparedwithwhattheyareactuallydoing,

teenagers，virtualsexlivesmaybelessamirrorthananillusion,

animageofhowtheyseethemselvesthatvanishesasyougetup

close.Theresearchsuggeststhatevenastheygetmore

electronicallyimmodest,theyaredelayingactualsex,havingfewer

partnersandgenerallybehavingmoreresponsiblythanmanyoftheir

parentsdid.Byallmeans,comedownhardonthekidwhousesaphone

tocheatorbullyorharassorcauseharm.Butwhenitcomesto

baringall,remindthemthateveniftheyescapethelawthey，11

nevererasethetrail.

B.Justdon，timaginethatyoucanprevailbybruteforce.Youcan

blockwebsites,limittimeonline,screene-mail,removethewebcam.

Butkidsaremorenimblethanwise;theywillfendaworkaround.And

wearefightingontheirterritory.Theyareupinthetreesand

undergroundandincaveswhilewemarcharoundinourbrightred

uniformstryingtodefendtheirdignityandvirtue.Notafairfight.

C.Unfortunatelyit'stoolatetolegislatethatnooneshouldbe

5allowedacellphoneuntilheorsheisatleast18andfully

licensedtouseit.Cellphonestookusbysurprise:sosmall,so

innocent,sopowerfulinthehandsofaboredortwistedteenwhonow

hasanextremelyefficienttoolforwastingtime,cheatingontests,

bullyingclassmates,arrangingdrugdealsand,morecommonly,

flirting(tomakeplayfullyromanticorsexualovertures)ina

junior-varsityversionofGirlsGoneWild.

D.HowmanyparentsinsistedafterColumbineandSept.11thattheir

childrenbereachableatalltimes?Howcomfortingtogivekidscell

phones,sothaturgentreassuranceswerenevermorethan10digits

away.Andhowhandy,aswejuggledjobsandmeetingsandsoccer

matches,tobeabletorearrangedeploymentsonthefly.Theirphones

servedourneedssowell;too