2025届高三英语上册二轮复习：八省联考阅读理解D深度分析及配套练习 导学案（含答案）

八省联考阅读理解D深度分析

WanttolearnanewlanguageorgetA'sincollegeexams?Previousstudieshaveshownthat

exercisecanhelpstimulatetheareasofthebrainthatconvert（转换）newinformationintolong­

termmemory.Anewstudyhastakenthisinformationonestepfurtherandfoundthebesttime

whenexercisecanhelpmaximizelearning.

Buildinguponpastresearchthatfoundexercisereleasesbiochemicalsthatimprovemental

function,scientistsatRadboudUniversityandtheUniversityofEdinburghconductedastudyto

determinewhenexercisewasmostbeneficialtolearning.

Participants-72healthymaleandfemaleadults-werefirstaskedtoperformacomputer

testthatchallengedtheirvisualandspatiallearning.Afterthetest,allofthesubjectswatched

naturedocumentaries,buttwo-thirdsofthemalsoexercised.Halfoftheexercisersdidcircuit

trainingonanexercisebikefor35minutesimmediatelyafterthetest.Theotherhalfdidthesame

exercisebutnotuntilfourhoursaftertheyhadbeentested.

Twodayslater,alloftheparticipantsreturnedtothelabforarecalltest,andtheywere

connectedtoMRI（磁共振成像）machinestoassesstheirbrainactivity.Theparticipantswho

exercisedfourhoursaftertakingthecomputertestwereabletorecallwhattheyhadlearnedmost

accurately.Theirbrainwavesalsoshowedmoreconsistentlevelsofactivity,indicatingthattheir

brainswerelesstaxedtorememberwhattheyhadlearned.

Accordingtothisresearch,thebesttimetoexercisetoimprovelearningisfourhoursafter

studying.Butwhy?Thafsonequestiontheresearchershaveyettoanswer.Anotherquestionleft

unansweredisthelevelofexercisethatmightbestimprovelearning.Tverunenoughmarathons

toprovethefactthatmybrainisanythingbutsharpduringorafteratoughworkout.Butthe

researchersnotedthatlightworkoutsmightnotgivethebrainenoughofabiochemicalboostto

improvelearning.

核心重难词

英文释义备注

previousadj.以前的；先前的近义词：former;past;earlier;prior

stimulateV.刺激；激励近义词：inspire;arouse;activate

形近词：simulatev.模仿

convertV.转换近义词：change;alter;transform;turn;vary;modify

long-termadj.长期的近义词：prolonged;extended;lasting

反义词：short-term短期的

take...one更进一步

stepfurther

maximizev.最大化反义词：minimizev.最小化

releaseV.释放含-ease的单词：easev.减轻；ceasev.停止；

decreasev./n.减少；increasev./n.增力口；teasev.挑

逗；戏弄；pleasev.请;diseasen.疾病；leasev.租

赁

conductV.进行近义词：carryout;perform;do

determineV.决定；确定派生词：determinationn.决心

beneficialadj.有利的派生词：benefitv./n.获利/好处

participantn.参与者派生词：participatev.参力口；participationn.参力口

spatialadj.空间的派生词：spacen.空间;spaciousadj.宽敞的

subjectn.主题；科目；对象派生词：subjectiveadj.主观的；objectn物体;客

adj.取决于体；v.反对；objectiveadj.客观的

用法：besubjectto受...影响

circuitn.巡回；环道近义词：pathway;track;route;course

assessV.评估近义词：measure;evaluate;valuate;appraise;value;

estimate;rate

形近词：accessn.通道；excess超过；accessoryn.

配件

accurateadj.精确的近义词：exact;precise;right;true;correct;reliable

consistentadj.一致的用法：beconsistentwith

indicateV.表明派生词：indicationn.表明

近义词：mean;imply;represent;suggest;show;

demonstrate

taxn.税收；v.使受压力同义词：stress;burden;tension;strain;pressure

isanything绝对不是anythingbut=notatall,bynomeans,never绝不

but...nothingbut-only表示"只不过，除了以外什么

也没有”

allbut=almost,nearly,表示“几乎，差一点”

workoutn.锻炼近义词：exercisen./v.锻炼

其他含义：workout解决，同义表达figureout;

calculate;solve

boostv./n.促进近义词：promote;improve;advance;contribute;

push;improve;facilitate;enhance;heighten

核心重难句

1.Previousstudieshaveshownthatexercisecanhelpstimulatetheareasofthebrainthatconvert

（转换）newinformationintolong-termmemory.

句子主干成分分析：Studieshaveshownthatexercisecanhelpdosth.thatconvert...into...

难点：①含两个从句，show后跟宾语从句，brain跟定语从句，宾从that无任何意义，起语

气停顿作用，定从that充当从句主语。②helpdosth.有助于做某事；③convert…into…将...

转换成……

2.Buildinguponpastresearchthatfoundexercisereleasesbiochemicalsthatimprovemental

function,scientistsatRadboudUniversityandtheUniversityofEdinburghconductedastudy

todeterminewhenexercisewasmostbeneficialtolearning.

句子主干成分分析：doing...that...that...,主语（介词补充信息）谓+todowhen（宾从）

难点：①buildupon基于表主动；②双重that的定从，一层套一层；③at介词短语补充成分；

④when宾从

3.Theotherhalfdidthesameexercisebutnotuntilfourhoursaftertheyhadbeentested.

难点：butnotuntil直到

句意理解：直到测试后四小时，才进行相同锻炼。

4.Theparticipantswhoexercisedfourhoursaftertakingthecomputertestwereabletorecall

whattheyhadlearnedmostaccurately.

句子主干成分分析：n.who...afterdoing...wereabletodosth.whattheyhad..…

难点：①从句嵌套结构，who跟定从，what跟宾从；②who+afterdoing结构将主谓结构分

隔较远。

5.Theirbrainwavesalsoshowedmoreconsistentlevelsofactivity,indicatingthattheirbrains

werelesstaxedtorememberwhattheyhadlearned.

难点：tax的熟词生义，取有压力，有负担含义。

句意理解：表明他们的大脑在记忆所学知识时负担较少

6.Anotherquestionleftunansweredisthelevelofexercisethatmightbestimprovelearning.

难点：leftunanswered两个过去分词，意思是未曾回答

句意理解：未曾回答的另一个问题是……

7.I'verunenoughmarathonstoprovethefactthatmybrainisanythingbutsharpduringorafter

atoughworkout.

难点：anythingbut=notatall,bynomeans,never绝不；根本不

句意理解：我的大脑一点也不敏锐

阅读理解题目详解：

12.Whatdidthenewstudyaimtoexplore?

A.Whenexerciseisbestforlearning.B.Whatbiochemicalsaregoodfor

health.

C.Howbrainwavesshouldbemeasured.D.Whichareaofthebrainisthemost

active.

做题思路：what提问形式，一般为细节理解题，根据题目关键信息thenewstudy,再依据

顺次出题原理，可定位第一段Anewstudyhastakenthisinformationonestepfurtherand

foundthebesttimewhenexercisecanhelpmaximizelearning.

比对选项和该句，可知A为正确选项，且best和maximize为同义替换。

13.Whatwerealltheparticipantsaskedtododuringtheexperiment?

A.Trainonbicycles.B.Domathematicsexercises.

C.Playcomputergames.D.Watchfilmsaboutnature.

做题思路：Whatwere...done...提问方式也是标准的细节理解题。根据题目关键信息allthe

participants,定位Participants-72healthymaleandfemaleadults一werefirstaskedto

performacomputertestthatchallengedtheirvisualandspatiallearning.寻找动词，这里给出——

个performacomputertest,是C选项的混淆答案。如定位句不出答案，则往后寻找，After

thetest,allofthesubjectswatchednaturedocumentaries

信息匹配，all为复现信息，subjects和participants,films和documentaries为同义替换。

14.Whydidtheparticipantsreturntothelabtwodayslater?

A.Todoamedicalexamination.B.Tohavetheirmemorytested.

C.Togettheirworkoutsrecorded.D.Tofinishtheirprevioustasks.

做题思路：why提问方式是典型的细节理解题。根据returntothelabtwodayslater定位

Twodayslater,alloftheparticipantsreturnedtothelabforarecalltest,andtheywereconnected

toMRI（磁共振成像）machinestoassesstheirbrainactivity.

信息匹配，arecalltest和memorytested为同义替换。本题易错选项为A,MRI是检查评估

脑部活动，而非进行医学检查。

15.Whatmighttheauthor'smarathonrunningprove?

A.Thefindingsofthestudyarereliable.B.Long-distancerunnersareoftensmart.

C.Studiesonthemarathonarenotenough.D.Hardexercisemaynotsharpenthebrain.

做题思路：what提问方式是典型的细节理解题。根据marathonrunningprove定位I'verun

enoughmarathonstoprovethefactthatmybrainisanythingbutsharpduringorafteratough

workout.

信息匹配，anythingbut和not,touch和hard,workout和exercise为同义替换。本题难点在

于理解anythingbut的意思。

【配套练习】

1.（2024•商丘模拟）Areyourkeysnotinthespotyouthoughtyouleftthem?Can'trecallthe

titleofabook?I'vehadthosemoments.Suchinstancesof“brainfreeze"remindusthatwe

shoulddoeverythinginourpowertokeepourbrainssharp.

Anewstudyfinds.Taistudycanhelpslowcognitive（认知的）declineandprotectagainst

dementia（痴呆）.Thestudyincludedabout300olderadults,intheirmid-70sonaverage,who

hadallreportedthattheirmemorywasnotasgoodasitusedtobe.

Aspartofthestudy,alltheparticipantstooka10-minutetestcalledtheMontrealCognitive

Assessment.Anormalscoreis26-30.Apersonwhoscoresbetween18and25isconsideredto

havemildimpairment（损害）,whichmeanstheydon'thavedementiabutthey*renotassharpas

theyusedtobeandmayneedtoworkhardertomaintaineverydayactivities,Oncetheirscoredrops

under18,people,experiencequiteabitofimpairmentfrommemorylossandcognitivedecline.

Theaveragescoreofparticipantsatthestartofthestudywas25.Thestudyfoundthatpeople

whopracticedasimplifiedformofTaiChitwiceaweekforaboutsixmonthsimprovedtheirscore

by1.5points,meaningthatthey*regoingtogetthreeextrayearsbeforetheyhitthatdeclineinto

dementia.

ResearchersalsotestedamorestrictertypeofTaiChi,calledCognitivelyEnhancedTaiChi,

wheretheyprovidedextrachallenges.Forexample,participantswereaskedtospellaword,

backwardandforward,astheymovedthroughaseriesofTaiChimoves.Thepeoplewhopractice

thistypeofcognitivelyenhancedTaiChiimprovedtheirscoresbyabout3points,meaningtheyare

givensixextrayearsofcognitivefunction.

ThetheoryonwhyTaiChiiseffectiveisthatitcombinesthememorizationofthemovements,

knownasforms,almostlikecomposingdancingmoves.

（1）Whyaretwoquestionsraisedinthefirstparagraph?

A.Topresenttheauthor'sdoubts.

B.Toexpectanswersfromreaders.

C.Toanalyzethecausesofforgetfulness.

D.Tointroducethemaintopicofthetext.

（2）Whatisthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Cognitiveassessmentmethods.

B.Theprocessofrunningthetest.

C.Cognitivemeasurementcriteria.

D.Thetestresultsoftheparticipants.

（3）Whatdoesthepre-bestaveragescoreoftheparticipantsimply?

A.Mostofthemsufferfrom,dementia.

B.Theyremainasquick-mindedasbefore.

C.Manyofthemhaveslightcognitivedecline.

D.Theycanprotectthemselvesagainstdementia.

（4）WhydoesTaiChihaveapositiveimpact?

A.Ithelpsresolvechallenges.

B.Itinvolvesmind-bodymovements.

C.Itputsoffcognitivedeclinebythreeyears.

D.Itimprovestheparticipantsacademiclevel.

2.（2024•鄂州一模）Whilesomeallergies（过敏症）disappearovertimeorwithtreatment,others

lastalifetime.Fordecades,scientistshavebeensearchingforthesourceoftheselifetime

allergies.

Recently,researchersfoundthatmemoryBcellsmaybeinvolved.Thesecellsproducea

differentclassofantibodiesknownasIgG,whichwardoffviralinfections.Butnoonehadidentified

exactlywhichofthosecellswererecallingallergensorhowtheyswitchedtomakingtheIgE

antibodiesresponsibleforallergies.Touncoverthemysteriouscells,tworesearchteamstookadeep

diveintotheimmunecellsofpeoplewithallergiesandsomewithout.

JoshuaKoenigandhisteamconductedextensiveresearch,analyzingover90,000memoryB

cellsfromindividualswithbirch（桦树）anddustmite（尘蜻）allergies,aswellasthosewithout

allergies,usingRNAsequencing.ThisanalysisrevealedaspecifictypeofmemoryBcell,termed

MBC2,thatplaysacrucialroleintheimmuneresponsethatleadstoallergies.Infurtherstudies

involvingindividualswithpeanutallergies,thesameMBC2cellswerefoundtoincreaseinnumber

andproduceIgEantibodiesduringtreatmentsaimedatdesensitizing（脱敏）thebodytopeanut

allergens.

ParallelresearchbyMariaCurottodeLafailleandherteamattheIcahnSchoolofMedicineat

MountSinaiconfirmedthesefindings,showinganabundanceofsimilarmemoryBcellsinchildren

withpeanutallergiescomparedtothosewithout.Thesecellswerefoundtobeprimedtoswitch

fromproducingprotectiveIgGantibodiestotheallergy-causingIgEantibodies.Thisswitchis

facilitatedbytheproductionofRNAforIgE,whichdoesnottranslateintotheproteinuntilthecells

encounterallergens.AproteincalledJAK,crucialforsignalingthistransition,hasbeenidentified,

suggestingthatinhibitingJAKcouldpreventtheproductionofIgEantibodies.

Byidentifyingandtargetingthememorycellsresponsibleforallergicreactions,itmaybe

possibletopredictthecourseofanindividuaFsallergyandpotentiallyeliminatetheallergic

responsealtogether.CeciliaBerinfromNorthwesternUniversityemphasizesthepotentialofthis

researchtowipeoutnotjustindividualallergiesbutallallergicresponsesbyfocusingonthe

eliminationofthesespecificmemoryBcells.Thispromisingdirectionsuggestsafuturewhere

lastingrelieffromallergiescouldbecomeareality.

(1)Whydidscientistsinvestigatetheimmunecellsofindividualswithandwithoutallergies?

A.ToexplorethedistinctionsbetweenIgGandIgE.

B.TouncovernewantibodiesknownasIgGandIgE.

C.Torevealcellsassociatedwiththedevelopmentofallergies.

D.Toidentifycellsresponsiblefordefendingagainstallergies.

(2)Whatcanwelearnfromthetworesearchteams*work?

A.MBC2smakeantibodiesandproteinsthatpreventallergies.

B.Allergistsarecapableofpredictingwhetheranallergywilllastordisappear.

C.JAKplaysaroleincontrollingantibodyproductionwhenexposedtoallergens.

D.MemoryBcellsgeneratebothRNAforIgEandthecorrespondingprotein.

(3)Accordingtothetext,whatdoestheproductionofRNAbythecellsindicate?

A.Thecellsaredying.

B.Thecellsareswitchingantibodytypes.

C.Thecellsarenotfunctioningwell.

D.Thecellsareresistanttotreatment.

(4)Whichcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.RNASequencingIsAppliedinImmunologyResearch

B.SpecificCellsRelatedtoPeanutAllergiesAreIdentified

C.UnmaskingCells'IdentitiesHelpsDiagnoseandTreatAllergies

D.NewfoundImmuneCellsAreResponsibleforLong-lastingAllergies

3.（2024•赤峰三模）WhenIfirstaspiredtobecomeasciencewriter,Iimaginedeachdaywould

befilledwithinspirationandcreativity.Thereality,ofcourse,isfarlessenjoyablethanmy

fantasies.Researchingastory,forexample,ofteninvolvesreadinglotsofdryandtechnical

papersbeforeIfinallystrikegoldwiththeinformationthatIseek.

Mostprofessions,Iimagine,includechallengingbutnecessarytasksthatsapenthusiasm.But

arecentpaperfromEdwardLaiattheHongKongPolytechnicUniversityandhiscolleaguesmay

offerusallawaytoboostourmotivation.Itiscalledthe"easyaddendumeffect",and,asthename

suggests,itinvolvesendingeachworksessionwithamorepleasanttaskthatwillberelatively

straightforwardtocomplete.

Thestrategywasinspiredbyaphenomenonknownasthenpeak-endrule",whichmeanswe

oftenjudgeeventsbythewaytheyfinish,ratherthantheoverallexperience.Inoneexperiment,

DanielKahnemanandhiscolleaguesaskedparticipantstoplungetheirhandsintowaterat

unpleasantlycoldtemperatures,thefirstgroupsimplyin14°Cwaterfor60seconds,whilethe

secondoneweregivenafurther30secondsinwaterat15℃.Surprisingly,mostpreferredthesecond

option.Itseemstheirmemoryoftheexperimentonlyfocusedonthelastmoments,whichwas

slightlymorepleasantinthe90-secondset-up.

Theresearchsuggeststhatourimpressionsofworkfallpreytothesamepreference一andwe

canusethattoouradvantage.Lai'steamgaveparticipantsaseriesofdulltasks一fromflexingtheir

musclesagainstheavyweightstosortingbooksintoalphabeticalorderoransweringcustomer

complaints.Ineachcase,participantsperformedthetaskswithorwithoutanneasy

addendumHattachedtotheendofthejob.Thosetestingtheirstrengthweregivenafewextrarounds

oflighterweightswhilethoseansweringcustomerquerieswithsomemorestraightforwardrequests.

Muchliketheice-bathexperiments,therewasnologicalreasonwhyloadingonadditional

worktoanexistingtaskshouldmakeitmorepleasantoverall.Buttheresearchersfoundthat

theHeasyaddendumsHsignificantlyreducedtheanticipateddifficultyandincreasedparticipants*

satisfactionwiththeirjobs.

SincelearningaboutLai'sresearch,Ihavetriedapplyingthisstrategytomyownwork.Writing

isstillmyfavouritepartofthejob,andsothisarticlewasapleasantaddendumtoanotherwise

demandingdayofresearchforanotherone.Byputtingthesewordsonthepage,Ifeelfarmore

energisedabouttheworkbehindme一andreadiertoenjoytheeveningahead.

(1)Whichistheauthor'sinitialaspirationasasciencewriter?

A.Toenjoyachallengingandenjoyablecareer.

B.Tohaveadailyroutinefilledwithcreativity.

C.Toconductresearchandwritetechnicalpapers.

D.Tostrikegoldwitheverystorytheyresearch.

(2)Whatdoestheunderlinedword"sap"meaninParagraph2?

A.Weaken.

B.Boost.

C.Inspire.

D.Refuse.

(3)Whatcanweinferfromntheice-bathexperiments"?

A.Participantscouldnotbear14°Clongerthanthosecouldin15℃.

B.Participantswereunwillingtobeloadedonadditionalwork.

C.Participantsusuallycaredmoreabouttheendofevents.

D.Participantsperformedthetaskswithan"easyaddendum".

(4)Whatmessagedoestheauthorseemtoconveyinthetext?

A.Nomaniscontentifheorsheisgivenmorework.

B.”EasyaddendumHcanreducedifficultiesinjobs.

C.One'spleasurecomesthroughsufferinginjobs.

D."EasyaddendumHcanincreasejobsatisfaction.

4.(2024•全国四模)Whafsyourfirstmemory?Whateveritis,you'reboundtotreasureit.But

canweactuallytrustthem?Nothingaboutmemoryissimple.Memoryismalleable.Whatwe

rememberisnotnecessarilywhathappened.Amemoryisnotarecording.Itsmorelikea

dramaticreconstructionandonethatwecankeepchangingwithoutrealizingit.

Foranyexperiencetoberemembered,ithastobeencoded(编码).Thisencodingisnotany

kindofdirecttranslation,though.It*sarichandcomplexprocessthatcreatesassociationsand

meanings.Wemightberememberingsomethingverysimilar,butslightlychangedandcoloredby

ourownsetsofassociations.

PsychologistElizabethLoftusproducedgroundbreakingresearchoneyewitnesstestimony（证

据）.Herworkshowedthatmemoriescaneasilybeinfluenced,evenafterthey'vebeencreated.For

example,iftwoeyewitnessestalkwitheachother,theirmemoriesofeventsoftenchange,absorbing

whatthey'veheardfromtheotheronebuttheywon'trealizethishashappened.Similarly,

witnesseswhoareshownanimageofaninnocentperson,cansometimesstickitontotheirmemory

oftheactualevent——aprocessknownasunconscioustransference（无意识的转移）.Itisestimated

thataround70%ofwrongfulconvictions（定罪）,lateroverturnedbyDNAevidence,aredueto

mistakeneyewitnesstestimony.

Insomecases,memoriescanevenbedeliberatelycreatedandimplanted.TheLostintheMall

experimenttookatestgroupofsubjectsandtalkedtothemindepthaboutkeychildhoodmemories

whilealsoaddinganinventedone——theexperienceofhavingbeenlostinashoppingcenter.Itwas

foundthatbetweenaquarterandathirdofsubjectsnotonlyacceptedthisnewmemoryasgenuine

butenricheditwithspecificdetails.

Mostofushavecertainkeymemoriesofbeingaveryyoungchild.Butresearchsuggeststhat

they'rehighlyunlikelytobeactualmemoriesduetothewaymemoryisstoredinthebabybrain.

Yourpreciousfirstmemorymaywellnotbearealmemory,andwe*reallperhapslivinginour

imaginationsmorethanwerealize.

（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"malleable"inparagraph1mean?

A.Trustworthy.

B.False.

C.Easilychanged.

D.Deeplyimpressive.

（2）Whichwillinfluencethememoryofeyewitnesses?

A.PowerfulDNAevidence.

B.Picturesstuckintheirmemory.

C.Reducedaccuracyofconvictions.

D.Exchangedinformationbetweenthem.

(3)Whatcanwelearnabout"TheLostintheMall"experiment?

A.Itwasdesignedtoinvestigatemistakeneyewitnesstestimony.

B.Itssubjectscouldrecallspecificdetailsofashoppingcenter.

C.Itssubjectsmadebelievethattheyhadbeenlostinashoppingcenter.

D・Itdemonstratedthatinventedexperiencescouldbefixedinone*smemory.

(4)Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.TheUnreliableNatureofMemory.

B.RevisedEyewitnessTestimony.

C.ReflectiononSweetChildhood.

D.AnExplorationofTruthandFiction.

5.(2024•山西模拟)AteamofscientistsfromtheCenterforCognitionandSocialityand

theDataScienceGroupattheInstituteforBasicScience(IBS)madeanexcitingdiscovery

abouthowcomputersandhumanbrainsworksimilarlywhenrememberingthings.Theyfound

outthatthewayartificialintelligence(AI)models，likethoseinsmartrobots，storememories

isalotlikehowourbrain'smemorycenter,calledthehippocampus(海马体),doesit.This

partofthebrainisreallyimportantforfeelingsandmemories.

UnderstandinghowAIlearnsandkeepsinformationiskeytomakingitsmarter.Thescientists

lookedintohowourbrainslearnandrememberbyfocusingonaspecialprocessinvolvingthe

NMDAreceptor,acritical