2020-2021学年四川省成都某中学高二（上）月考英语试卷（12月份）（附答案详解）

2020・2021学年四川省成都外国语学校高二(上)月考英语试卷

(12月份)

A

Appscanhelpanyusers,eventhosewhoarenotstudents,getmoreorganizedandimprovetheir

work.Whetherornotyouareastudent,herearesomeappsworthconsidering.

Quizlet

Quizletisastudyaidapp.ltisfilledwithflashcardsonmanysubjectstostudy.Quizlethaslinkstosubjects

like：Arts&Literature；Languages&Vocabulary；Math&Science；History&Geography；Standardized

Tests：Professional&Careers.Theapphasamixoftext,imagesandaudiorecordings,including

pronunciationofwordsindifferentlanguages.Quizlethasgamestoplayandtests(otake.Cardsarc

availableontheappevenwhenyouarcnotconnected(otheInternct.Quizlctisavailableasafreeappfrom

Apple'siTunesstore.

FreeGraphingCalculatorApp

TheFreeGraphingCalculatorletstheusercreateuptofourgraphsatonce,andletsusersadjustthegraphs

forthebestviews.Youcanchangemeasurementswithintheimageeasilyusingtheapp.Themathematics

andscienceguidewithintheappcanexplainsomeimportantmathorscienceideas.TheFreeGraphing

Calculatorisfree.Userscanpaytoremovetheadvertising.

PomoDoneApp

ThePomoDoneappcanhelpdividetimeintoblocksforworkandforbreaks.Theapponthecomputer

helpskeeptrackoftimeblocksforeachactivity.Theappwillsaywhenitistimetotakeabreakandwhen

itistimetogetbacktowork.PomoDonecanworkwithotherappsandhelptheuserkeep(rackofone's

activitiesoverlongperiodsof(imc.ThcappisavailableforcomputersfromthePomoDonewcbsitc.Thc

appisfrcc.Paidextrafeaturesareavailable.

1.What'sthesamefeatureofthethreeapps?

A.Theycanbeusedtohelpusersforfree.

B.Theycanbeusedtodividetimeintoblocks.

C.Theycanbeusedtoexplainsomeimportantmaths.

D.TheycanbeusedtostudyEnglishfreely.

2.WhatkindofworkcanyouuseFreeGraphingCalculatorApptodo?

A.Removetheadvertisingforfree.B.Makeagraphclearer.

C.Keeptrackoftimeblocks.D.StudyArts&Literature.

3.WherecanyougetthePomoDoneApp?

A.AtApple'siTunesstore.

B.Intheadvertisingcolumn.

C.FromthePomoDonewebsite.

D.FromtheFreeGraphingCalculator.

B

Doyoulovefo(xl?Whetheryou'reaf(x)dieorsomeonewhojustlikeseating,thereissomuchtochoose

from.Weknowthattoomuchofthewrongkindoffoodcanbebadfbrourhealth,butforsomepeople

havingafoodallergymeanseatingcertainthingscanactuallybeharmful-andnow.itseems,(hjsis

affectingmoreandmoreofus.

Anallergyiscausedbytheimmunesystemfightingsubstancesintheenvironment,knownasallergens(过

敏原)»whichshouldbeseenasharmless.Foodallergiescancauselife-lhreateningreactions.whichmeans

peoplehavetospendtheirlivesfollowingstrictdietaryrestrictionsandworryingabouttheingredientsof

eveiythingtheyconsume.AllergyspecialistDrAdamFoxsays,"Ifyoulookbackover,say,30or40

years---therearcmuchmoreallergicproblemsaroundnow(hantherewere."

Weoftenhearaboutpeoplehavingallergiestodairyproductsandtopeanuts.Lastyearayounggirldied

aftersufferingadeadlyallergicreactionfromeatingabaguettecontainngsesameseeds.Thisledtoacall

forbetterfood-labellinglaws.

Researchhasfoundthatthisprohle:nisparticularlyaffectingchildren.Moreandmoreofthemarehaving

allergicreactionstocertainfoodstuffs.DrAlexandraSantosfromKing'sCollegeLondonsays"food

allergynowaffectsabout7percentofchildrenin(heUKand9percentofthoseinAustralia.Across

Europe.2percentofadultshavefocdallergies".

Sowhatmightbethecause?DrSantossaystheincreaseinallergiesisnotsimplytheeffectofsociety

becomingmoreawareof(hemandbetteratdiagnosingthem；itseemstobemoreenvironmental.Shesays

possiblefactorsare"poilution,dietarjfchangesandlessexposuretomicrobes(微生物)，whichchange

howourimmunesystemsrespond"

Alotofworkisbeingdonetotryandfindacurc,butthat'snotcasy.Sofornowallergysufferersmust

watchwhat(heyeatandtheymustrelyonclearandaccuratelabelling.

4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"this"inparagraph1referto?

A.Havinganimbalanceddiet.

B.Beingallergictosomecertiiinfood.

C.Consumingtoomuchofharmfulfood.

D.Fightingsubstancesintheenvironment.

5.WhichofthefollowingwritingskillsisNOTusedinparagraph2&3?

A.Givingadefinition.B.Makingacompar：son.

C.Offeringanexample.D.Presentingspecificdata.

6.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?

A.Dailyproductsaretoblameformostfoodallergies.

B.Kidsdon'tsufferfromfoodallergiesasmuchasadults.

C.Allergiesunknowninthepastmaybediagnosednow.

D.Moreexposuretomicrobescanreducefoodallergies.

7.What'sapracticalsuggestionforallergysufferers?

A.Neverirynewfood.B.Makeeffortstofindacure.

C.Haveabalanceddiet.D.Readlabelsbeforeeating.

c

Whatmakesoneagreatperson?ThelegendaryvolleybalcoachLangPinggavetheanswer

intherecentdocumentaryTheIronHammer,tilledafterhernicknameforherpowerfulstrikes.

ThedocumentaryfeaturesLang'sinspiringjourneyfromhergoldmedalvictoryasavolleyballplayerin

the1984Olympicstoherunparalleled（无可比拟的）

careerasasuccessfulcoachforbothTeamUSAfrom2005to2008andChinasince2013.SheledtheUS

toasilvermedalfinishandChinatoagoldmedaltriumphinthe2008and2016OlympicGames,making

herthefirstpersontowinOlympicvolleyballgoldasaplayerandcoach.

LangPingrevealedthesecrettosuchremarkableachievementsinthedocumentary."Ibelievevolleyball

wasmydestiny."shesaid.

Buigloryandchallengesgohandinhand.Troubledbysevereinjuriestohercervicalvertebra

（颈椎），back,waistandknees,causedbyintenseexerciseandhardwork,the60-year-oldhasundergone

morethan10surgeries."Nopartsofmybodyfunctionwell,"shejoked.

Bu（illnessiscertainlynottheonlydifficultyLanghasfacedthroughouthercareer.In

2005，shestruggledwithbalancingraisingherdaughterLydiaBai

Lang,wholivedintheUS.andhercoachingcareer,accordingtoChina

SportsDaily.SheeventuallydecidedloworkforUSAVolleyballthatyearandthisdecisionarousedalot

ofnegativecommentsbackinChirui.

"I'mproudofbeingChinese."Langrespondedinaninteniew.Later,shereturnedtoheadtheChinese

women'svolleyballteamin2013»leadingthe（cam

successfullydefendingitsWorldCupcrownwithaperfectrecordof11straightwinslastyear.

ThereisnodoubtthatLangisonecfthegreatestplayersandcoachesinhistory.Asanathletecommented

inthedocumentary,"LangPingislikeMichaelJordaninourminds."

8.Whatdoesthispassagemainlytalkabout?

A.Waystobecomeagreatperson.

B.ReasonsforLangPing'ssuccess.

C.LangPingandhersuccessfulcareer.

D.Greatathletesandtheirachievements.

withoutthetechnology.Truckswithemergencybrakingsystemshad12percentfewercrashes.

Teobsaidthefindingscouldhevaluablefortruckingcompaniesanddriverswhoareconsideringwhether

togetsafetydevicesontheirnextvehicles.

InIheUnitedStates,therearecurrentlynorequirementsforeithersystem.InEurope,automatic

emergencybrakingwithforwardcollisionwarninghasbeenrequiredb〉iheEuropeanUniononmostnew

largetruckssincelate2013>theinstitutesaid.

12.WhatdoestheauthorwanttotellusaboutU.S.trafficaccidentsinParagraph1?

A.Theseriousness.B.Theconsequence.

C.Theunpredictability.D.Thecauses.

13.Howcansafetysystemshelpachievefewerinjuriesandlessdamagewhilecrashing?

A.Bysendingalerts.B.Bycuttingspeed.

C.Bymakingnoises.D.Byturningofftheengine.

14.WhatisTeob'sattitudetowardsthesafetysystems?

A.Indifferent.B.Neutral.C.Approving.D.Negative.

15.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.SafetyDevicesCanbeHardioEaseYourWorries.

B.SafetyDevicesCanReduceBigTruckRearCrashes.

C.MakingYourselfaPerfectDriver.

D.DrivingWellforLessDamage.

Atsomepointwhenyouwereachild.atrustedadultlikelytoldyouthatifyouheldaseashelluptoyour

ear,you'dheartheocean.(1)Seashellsarenotspecialcapsulesthathavestoredthesoundsof

theirnativehomes.

Butwhatexactlyis(hatrushingsoundyou'rehearing?(2)'Thesoundofanemptyshellheld

uptotheeariscreatedbyechoes(回声)fromsoundsmadeintheenvironment."GeeratJ.Vermeil,a

distinguishedprofessorofEarthandPlaneiarySciencesattheUniversi:yofCaliforniajoldus.

(3)Otherstructureswithopenings,likeemptybowlsorbottles,canproducesimilarsounds.

"Whenthenoisearoundushitstheinternalsurfaceofthishardseashell,multiplereflectionoccurs,"said

Vermeil."Whetheryouholdaseashellorthemouthofanemptybowlaroundyourear,youexperiencethe

ocean-likesoundqualityasaresultofaphenomenoncalled'resonance'."

(4)Ilsaysthatyou'rehearingthesoundofyourownrushingbloodinyourbody.Bu(scientists

alsoclarifythatitdoesn'tchangewilhvariationofpulseorbloodpressure."Allthisisperhapsabit

unimportant,butamoreinterestingquestioniswhatcontrolsthefrequenciesofechoes."Vermeil

added,indicatingthatthere'saneedforfurtherresearchintoshape,volumeandshellthicknessinrelation

topitch.(5)Actually,ifyouputashelltoyourcaronthebeach,(hesoundsyouhearwillinclude

partlysomeoceannoises.

A.Thesamegoesforshells.

B.Theanswerislessmystical.

C.Thiseffectisnotlimitedtoshells.

D.Nowyouprobablyknowthatthisisnottrue.

E.Scientistsareworkinghardtofindtheanswer.

F.Maybetheoriginalmythisnotcompletelyfalse.

G.There'sanotherexplanationfortherushingsoundinaseashell.

16.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

17.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

18.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

19.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

20.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

Intheprocessofcelebratingmy60tnbirthdaywitha60daykindnesschallenge,Igotthegreatestbirthday

surprisefrommydaughters.WhentheyaskedmewhatI(21)formybirthday,Isaid."pleasedoa(22)act

forsomeoneinmv(23)."Theytookitwav(24).

Theygotin(25)withallmyfriendsandfamilymembersandaskedthemtodo(hc(26)thingIhadaskedof

them,asmybirthdav(27).Thentheyaskedthemto(28)themaftertheyhaddonetheir(29)andtellthem

whattheyhaddone.Tlieyalsoaskedtheirfriendstodothesame.

Onmybirthday»Iwaspreseniedwiiha(30)scrapbook(剪贴簿)filledwithpicturesandallihekindness

actswrittenoutintheirownwords,⑶)mewhattheyhaddoneandhowitmadethemfeel.

The"acts"rangedfrom(32)frequentflyermiles(飞行积分)sosomeonecouldvisittheirmom»

shoiteningshowers'duration(长度)tohelpwiththewater(33)>bringinganelderlyneighborcoffeein

themorning,stoppingtobuya(34)personlunch,(35)ataRedCrossblooddrive,tomany»manyother

beautifulgestures.

Icannottellyouhow(36)Iwasbyihisgift,andevenmoretouchedthattheiryoungadultfriendswould

(37)wiihsuchloveandenihusiasm.1cannot(38)abettergift.Ishare(hisstorywithihe(39)(hatmanya

beautiful"someone"passesonthisidea.Thejoyofitis(40)!

21.A.wantedB.plannedC.recommendedD.suspected

22.A.brightnessB.kindnessC.happinessD.politeness

23.A.reputationB.beliefC.honorD.trust

24.A.fartherB.deeperC.biggerD.greater

25.A.troubleB.agreementC.touchD.tune

26.A.variousB.preciousC.meaningfulD.same

27.A.presentB.promiseC.contributionD.sacrifice

28.A.talktoB.writetoC.stareatD.lookafter

29.A.behaviourB.responsibilityC.matterD.act

30.A.simpleB.complicatedC.gorgeousD.various

31.A.warningB.remindingC.tellingD.explaining

32.A.providingB.donatingC.lendingD.buying

33.A.shortageB.pollutionC.inlluenceD.disaster

34.A.fearlessB.homelessC.selflessD.careless

35.A.practisingB.instructingC.observingD.volunteering

36.A.disturbedB.satisfiedC.touchedD.disappointed

37.A.celebrateB.explainC.suggestD.participate

38.A.lookintoB.thinkofC.makeoutD.pickup

39.A.hopeB.decisionC.factD.opinion

40.A.challengingB.attractiveC.interestingD.astonishing

41.Onepieceofadvicefromtheforty-year-oldwomanisthatdonotcyourselfwithothers.

（根据首字母单词拼写）

42.Whenyouthinkthatdoingsomethingwilltakeyoumuchtime,youarclikelytolosee

andfinallygiveup.（根据首字母单词拼写）

43.Amongthepopularrap-singers>PanWeiborthefirstinmyeyesandhewillbemy

superstarforever.（根据首字母单词拼写）

44.MydadwasfwithmewhenhefoundoutIhadn'thandedinmyhomeworktoMissLiand

liedlohim.Hecouldn'tcontrolhistemperandbealme.（根据首字母单词拼写）

45.ItisknownthatCubahasatclimatewithyear-roundsunshine.（根据首字母单词拼写）

46.InmanycountriessocialsmattersalotandpeoplechooseIheirjobsbasedonit*however

thisisnottrueinDenmark.（根据首字母单词拼写）

47.OnefactorthatcontributestoDanishpeople'shappinessisthattheyarcnotassasother

nationsandshowenoughtrustinother.（根据首字母单词拼写）

48.Doyouagreewiththewomanwhoclaimsthatmostthingsyoufwillusuallynever

happeninthefuture?（根据首字母单词拼写）

49.Thegirlwhowasmadaboutbakinggotdwhenshefoundherovenbrokedown.（根据

首字母单词拼写）

50.Sometimeswhenaskedwhathappinessis,wefinditatquestionandwecouldn'tthinkof

theanswersimmediately.(根据首字母单词拼写)

51.选词填空

takeover；giveup；cometoanend；dressup：moreorless：bring...toanend

consistof；aslongas：competewith；bychance；protestagainst：haveanadvantageover

(1)EveryyearwhenwccelebrateHalloween,littleboysarcusuallyaspirates.Spidcr-man»

Batman,CaptainAmericaorothersuperheroes.

(2)Twoweeksago,thespectacularperformancesoftheEnglishDramaContestforSeniorTwo

finallyataround9：39p.m.,whichimpressedall(hestudentsandteacherssomuch.

(3)TheWhileHousebyJoeBiddensincehewontheelectionlastmonth.

(4)Suggestionsfromotherpeoplecanbehelpfultous,sowe'dbettertaketheminto

considerationfirstandweighthebenefits.

(5)You'lldefinitelyachieveycurambitionyouhavethestrongawareness,setagoalandtake

actiontofightforthat.

(6)IfyoupaycloseattentiontoEnglishteachersinclassanddevoteenoughtimetolisteningand

speakingafterclass,youwillsurelyotherstudentsfromotherschools.

(7)Oneofthegroups4studentsgaveusanunforgettablepresentationyesterday,which

arousedallthestudents'interestinourtraditionalChinesefestivals.

(8)Ifyouencounteryourpreviousclassmateinthestreet30yearslater>canyourecognize

himorherimmediately?

(9)Frenchpeoplehavethehabitoftheunreasonablepoliciesorrulesoftheirgovernmentif

(hcy'rcdissatisfiedwiththosesituations.

(10)Lastmonth,thousandsofcontestantsfromdifferentregionseachotherintheChengdu

MarathonandfinallyonewomanfromGuizhouandonemanfromChengduwonthechampions.

52.Theoldladywholivesaloneisnotwillingtoaskherneighborsforhelpit'samatterof

greatimportance.(用适当的词填空)

53.He(regret)totellhismother(hetruththeotherday,butnowhethinksit'saright

decision.(所给词的适当形式填空)

54.IfJenny(follow)herteacher'sadvice>shewouldn'thavechosenthewrongsubjects.

(所给词的适当形式填空)

55.It'ssaidthatthetaxespaid?yDaneshaveincreased5%comparedwithlastyear.(用适

当的词填空)

56.I'mreallysorry.Ishouldn't(lose)mytemperandyelledatyou.(所给词的适当形

式填空)

57.Deeply(upset)byhiswords,Juliafeltthatshewasn'tabletoconcentrateonwhatshe's

doing.(所给词的适当形式填空)

58.It's(economy)tobuyvegetablesatastallthaninthesupermarket»becausetheprices

ofthoseinthestallareusuallylower.(所给词的适当形式填空)

59.I'mscaredofinsects.Soitreally(disgusting)methattheylivedoninsectswhenthey

wereintherainforest.(所给词的适"i形式填空)

60.MostDanesarcusedto(see)between50%-70%oftheirsalarygoingtothegovernment.

(所给词的适当形式填空)

61.Hiscompanycalledforabantopreventtheir(compete)allovertheworldfrommaking

thesameproduct.(所给词的适当形式填空)

62.Thepandemicistillinplayaroundtheworld.OnNov23,morethan1.5millionpeoplehadbeen

confirmedinfectedwithcoronavimsintheUKwhilemorethan55,000people(1)(die),

accordingtotheofficialwebsiteoftheUKgovernment.

(2)(control)thespreadofthepandemic>UKPrimeMinisterBorisJohnsonannounced

afour-weeklockdownforEnglandfromNov5toDec2,BBCreported.

(3)thesecircumstances,studentsoftheUniversityofCambridgehavebeentoldthatthey

won'tbeabletograduateiftheyleavetheiruniversityaccommodationduringlockdown»according

totheTelegraph.

"Full-timestudentsarerequiredtofollowuniversityrulesinorderto(4)(award)their

degrees,"aseniortutoratJesusCollegetoldtheTelegraph."Ifyoudonothavethecollege's(5)

(permit)(ostudyremotely,youwillnotbeallowedioprogress(othenextyearofyour

coursetoreceiveyourdegreeifyouarein(helastyear."

AnotherseniortutoratRobsonCollegealsoissuedawarning(6)studentswholeaveduring

termtimewillbeinbreach(违反)oftheuniversity'srulesandwill"influence"(heirability(7)

(graduate).

According(oaCambridgespokesperson,theinstitutionisfollowingtheUKgovernmentguidanceby

"askingstudentsinresidencetoremainhereandavoidtravel(8)thenationallockdownis

inplace",theGuardianreponed.

Inaletter(9)(post)onsocialmedia,MichelleDonelan,MinisterofStateforUniversities,

alsourgedallstudentsintheUKthatthey"shouldnotleaveyourtermtimeaddressandreturntoyour

parentsorcarer'shome(10)atleastDec2".

63.【wastakingatraintoLondon'sVictoriaStation.!hadnoticedthatthecarriagewasnoiseand

filledwithpeoplc.Bcforclong,a(raininspectorcomestocheckouttickets.Apassengerrealizedhe

couldn'tfindhisticketbutbecamequiteupset.Theneveryoneinthecarriagebegansearchingthe

ticket,whichwaseventuallyfoundunderaseatseveralrowsfromhisowner.Thepersonwhofound

aticketsmiledwithpleasurealhissuccess.Noonein(hecarriagehadpreviousspokentooreven

noticedtheticket-ownerbefore.However,theyquicklyofferedthestrangerstheirhelp.Ifwecould

showconcerntoothersonneed,theworldwouldbeabetterplacetolivein.

64.假定你是李华，得知外教Mr.Hall寒假不回国，想邀请他到你家过春请给他写一封

信，内容包括：

1.时间：

2.一同过节的家人；

3.活动.

注意：

1.词数100左右；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯.

DearMr.Halh

Yourssincerely,

LiHua.

答案和解析

1〜3.【答案】A、B、C

【解析】（1）A.细节理解题。根据QuizletW"QuizletisavailableasafreeappfromApple'siTunes

store.Quizlet是苹果iTunes商店的免贽应用程序"；FreeGraphingCalculatorApp部分的"TheFree

GraphingCalculatorisfree.免费图形计算器是免费的"：以及PomoDoneApp部分的"Theappisfree.

这款应用是免费的。”可知，这三个软件都是免费的。故选A。

（2）B.细节理解题。根据FreeGraphingCalculatorApp部分的"TheFreeGraphingCalculatorletsthe

usercreateuptofourgraphsatonce,andletsusersadjustthegraphsforthebestviews.Youcanchange

measurementswithintheimageeasilyusingtheapp.（TheFreeGraphingCalculator允许用户一次创

建多达四个图形，并允许用户调整图形以获得最佳视图。你可以使用应用程序轻松地更改图像中

的测量值。）”可知，这款软件可以让图表更清楚。故选B。

（3）C.细节理解题。根据最后一段的"TheappisavailableforcomputersfromthePomoDonewebsite.

这款应用可以在PomoDone网站上下载。"可知，这款软件可以从PomoDone网站获得。故选C。

这是一篇应用文.应用程序可以帮助任何用户，其至那些不是学生的用户，变得更有条理，并改

善他们的工作。文章主要介绍三种应用程序，包括其功能以及收费等情况。

阅读理解，要先通读全文，再结合题目到文章中针对性的寻找与题目相关的细节，抓关键词、关

键句，仔细推敲，结合选项，逐一排除，如是错误选项，一定要明白表达错误所在：如是正确选

项，一定是完全符合原文作者所要表达的意思、观点或想法，或与文章中某些细节完全相符。

4〜7.【答案】B、D、C、D

（解析】（1）B.代词指代题。根据第一段的"forsomepeoplehavingafoodallergymeanseatingcertain

thingscanactuallybeharmful-andnow,itseems,thisisaffectingmoreandmoreofus."（对于一些有食

物过敏症的人来说，意味着吃某些种类的东西事实上是有害的--并旦现在似乎这正在影响着越来

越多的人。）根据句意，推测划浅部分指代上文提到的“对某种食物过敏的情况”。故选B项。

<2）D.推理判断题。第二段中使用了下定义的说明方法，如"Analergyiscausedbytheimmune

systemfightingsubstancesin（heenvironment,knownasalergens'"（过敏是由于兔疫系统对抗环境中

的物质，被称为过敏原。）：作比较的说明方法，如"lfyoulookbackover,say,30or40years..thereare

muchmorealergicproblemsaroundnowthantherewere."（如果你叵倾三四十年前…现在有更多的过

敏问题。）：第三段使用了举例子的说明方法，如"Lastyearayounggirldiedaftersufferingafatal

allergicreactionfromeatingabaguettecontainingsesameseeds."（去年，一个年轻女孩因为吃了含有

芝麻的法棍面包而导致致命的过敏反应而死亡。），但是这两个自然段都没有提供具体的数据信

息，故选D项。

（3）C.推埋判断题。根据第五段的“DrSantossaystheincreaseinalcrgiesisnotsimplytheeffectof

societybecomingmoreawareofthemandbetteratdiagnosingthem；.....”（桑托斯博士说，过敏症的

增加并不仅仅是因为越来越意识到它们的存在，和越来越善于诊断出；….可知，现在人们对过敏

症意识更强、过敏症也能够更好地诊断出来。由此推测，以前不为人们所知道的过敏症，现在可

能被诊断出来。故选C项。

（4）D.细节理解题«根据最后一段的"Sofornowalergysufferersmustwatchwhattheyeatandthey

mustrelyonclearandaccuralelabelling."（因此，现在过敏患者必次注意他们吃的东西，他们必须

依靠清晰淮确的标等.）可知,给过敏症患者实用的建议是“在吃东西前先认直阅读标签，故选

D项。

本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，慨乎越来越多的人对不同类型的食物产生了过敏反应，究竟有哪

些原因导致了这一现象呢？文章就此展开说明。

I.直接信息题：直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致

的题目。2.间接信息题：间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，

做题时需要对原文信息进行转换，3.综合信息题：综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原

文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的

信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义。

8~11.【答案】C、B、A、D

【解析】（1）C.主旨大意题。通读全文内容，本文通过记录片《铁榔头》主要介绍了排球教练

郎平的排球生涯以及人们对她的评价，结合选项可知C项LangPingandhersuccessfulcareer

（郎平与她的成功事业）符合文意，因此答案选C.

（2）B.细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的In2005»shestruggledwithbalancingraisingherdaughter

LydiaBaiLang,wholivedintheUS,andhercoachingcareer,according

toChinaSportsDaily.SheeventuallydecidedtoworkforUSAVolleyballthat

year（据《中国体育报》报道，她的女儿在美国生活，2005

年，她在抚养女儿丽迪娅•白朗（LydiaBaiLang）和教练生涯之间苦苦挣扎。她最终决定为美国

排球队工作）由此可知郎平是为了家人去了美国，结合选项可知答案选B.

（3）A.词句猜测题。根据第四段中的Troubledbysevereinjuriesiohercervicalvertebra

（颈椎），back,waistandknees,causedbyintenseexerciseandhardwork,the60-year-oldhasundergone

morethan10surgeries.（由于剧烈运动和艰苦工作，她的颈椎、背部、

腰部和膝盖受到严重伤害，这位6（）岁的老人已经接受了10多次手术）可知尽管郎平取得成功，

但是却经历r很多伤痛，本句处于段首，是主旨句，起承上启下的作用，结合语境及选项可知划

线部分Butgloryandchallengesgohandinhand.的意思是"荣耀和挑战是相伴而生的"，与A项

Successcomesataprice（成功是有代价的）意义一致，因此选A.

（4）D.推理判断题。根据最后一段内容ThereisnodoubtthatLangisoneofthegreatestplayersand

coachesinhistory.（亳无疑问，郎平是历史上最伟大的球员和

教练之一，正如一名运动员在纪录片中所说，正如运动员在纪录片中所说，“郎平在我们心目中就

像迈克尔•乔丹.可以看出郎平在人们的心目中的地位跟乔丹是一样的，结合选项文章提到乔

丹的目的是承认郎平的地位和成就，因此答案选D.

本文通过记录片《铁榔头》主要介绍了排球教练郎平的排球生涯以及人们对她的评价。

考查人物故事类阅读理解。做题时要通读全文，把握大意，然后结合题干及选项做出正确的选择。

12~15.【答案】A、B、C、B

【解析】（1）段落大意题。根据第一TheInsuranceInstituteforHighwaySafety,

aresearchgroupsupportedbycompaniesthatinsureownersofmotorvehicles,

saysU.S.crashcsinvolvinglargetrucksrosebynearlyone-thirdsincehittingarecordlowin2009.Atota

1of4,136peoplediedinsuchcrashesin2018,

with119deathsresultingfromlargetrucksrear-endingothervehicles.（高速公路安全保险协会，一个

由为机动车车主投保的公司支持的研究小组，说美国涉及大型卡车的撞车事故自2009年创历史新

低以来上升了近三分之一。2018年，共有4136人死于此类事故，其中119人死于大型卡车追尾）

可知，在第•段作者通过数字告诉我们关于美国交通事故的严重性。故选A。

（2）细节理解题。根据第二段中However,

anewstudyhasfound（hatwhentherear-endcrasheshappened,

safetysystemswereabletoslowdownthevehiclesbyover50percent.

resultinginfewerinjuriesandlessdamage.（»一项新的研究发现,当追尾事故发生时,安全系

统能够使车辆减速50%以上，从而减少伤害和损害）可知，安全系统通过降低速度帮助在追尾时

减少伤害和损害。故选B。

（3）观点态度题。根据倒数第二段

Teobsaid（hefindingscouldbevaluablefortruckingcompaniesanddriverswhoareconsideringwhethe

rtogetsafetydevicesontheirnextvehicles.（Teob表示，这一发现对卡车公司和司机来说可能很有

价值，因为他们正在考虑是否在下•辆车上安装安全装置.）可推知，Teob对安全系统持支持态度。

故选Co

（4）标题概括题。阅读全文，并根据第二段中However,

anewstudyhasfoundthatwhentherear-endcrasheshappened,

safetysystemswereabletoslow