考研翻译写作基础

2英语相对于汉语的特点：e.g.(英语一1995-72)Howwellthepredictionswillbevalidatedbylaterperformancedependsupontheamount,reliability,andappropriatenessoftheinformationusedandontheskillandwisdomwithwhichitisinterpreted.3成份(主谓宾定状补)名词n.代词pron.动词v.形容词adj.词adv.介词prep.连词conj.4谓语动词动词：及物不及物、实义系动词、动作结果、瞬间延续介词 (介词+名词/v-ing)5 and,or,nor,but,yet,so (主要连句子).That:that.Wh-:which,who,whom,whose,when,where,what,why,how,whether.Other:because,if,before,after,while,since,as,until,till,once,assoonas,unless,provided,immediately,instantly,directly,everytime,themoment/minute/second/instant671.SV主谓2.SVO主谓宾3.SVC主系表4.SVOO主谓宾宾5.SVOC主谓宾宾补五大基本句型的重要性：1.英语中的主干结构致8e.g.2.Shelooksaround.3.Thejobisfinished.9名词性结构1.名词2.代词(主格)3.动名词(doing)4.不定式(todo)：判断及物不及物动词的误区：根据中文意思判断动词及物不及物e.g.1.IwatchTV.2.Thestudentsarelookingattheteacher.宾间的关系(只有主动)：1.主语为谓语动作的发出者2.宾语为谓语动作的接受者1.及物动词不及物动词+介词名词性结构1.名词2.代词(宾格)3.动名词(doing)4.不定式(todo)5.宾语从句可带动名词(doing)的动词：admit,acknowledge,anticipate,advocate,appreciate,avoid,can’thelp/resist/stand,consider,defer,delay,deny,mind,enjoy,fancy,favour,giveup,include,keep,practice,risk,stop,suggest...e.g.1.Iamexcited/acollegestudent/intheclassroom/home.2.Ifeelhappy.3.Everyonestayedcalm.4.Foodgoesbadeasilyinsummer.kfeeltastesmellsoundseem4.“变化”类动词become,go,turn,grow,get,fall(ill),表语的属性：1.形容词Iamexcited.2.名词Iamacollegestudent.3.代词Itishim.4.介词短语Iamintheclassroom.5.副词(表位置)Iamhere/home.6.不定式(to)Myplanistopassthetest.7.动名词(doing)Myhobbyisgrowingflowers.e.g.eadvice2.Hegavesomeadvicetome.pass,sell,send,sing,write,sparee.g.1.Iregardyouasthebestfriend.2.Youmakemehappy.3.Parentsexpecttheirchildrentobeexcellent.4.Iseemystudentsdoingtheirhomework.5.Ifindallthehouseworkdone.6.Thepresidentappointedhimthesalesmanager.1.Iregardyouasthebestfriend.2.Youmakemehappy.3.Parentsexpecttheirchildrentobeexcellent.4.Iseemystudentsdoingtheirhomework.5.Ifindallthehouseworkdone.6.Thepresidentappointedhimthesalesmanager.•宾补是对宾语的补充说明•宾语+宾补可在意思上构成“主谓”、“主谓宾”或“主系表”关系20make,call,name,think,elect,appoint,consider,want,wish,expect,keep,have,leave,drive,catch,stop,allow,lorderlike,hate,help,paint,cut,mind...21hecollegestudentsintheclassroom1.定语修饰名词2.英语中定语分前置后后置英语中定语位置及基本形式(前二后六)：2.后置定语：介词词组、doing现在分词词组、done过去22hecollegestudentsintheclassroom教室里的大学生语23什么是状语(adverbial)?2.状语经常由副词充当24ttothestationquickly2.Hequicklygottothestation.(动词前)3.Hegotquicklytothestation.(动词后)4.Hegottothestationquickly.(宾语后)252.He,atahighspeed,gottothestation.(动词前)3.Hegot,atahighspeed,tothestation.(动词后)4.Hegottothestationatahighspeed.(宾语后)26介词词组4.done过去分词词组27ttothestationquickly2829含义：从句基本结构：引导词(只能使用一个)+主谓结构引导词的作用：共同作用：连接主从句30thatwhich,who,whom,whose,when,where,what,why,how,whetherbecause,if,although,though,before,after,while,since,as,until,till,once,assoonas,unless,provided,immediately,instantly,directly,everytime,themoment/minute/second/instant31e.g.•...althoughhecamehome.•...thathecamehome.•...whenhecamehome.that/wh-32t•Wh-:whichwhowhom/whose/when/where/why 作后置定语33基本结构：名词结构/句子+引导词这是我昨天买的那本书。Thisisthebookthat/whichIboughtyesterday.341.Thinkaboutdrivingaroutethat’sveryfamiliar.2.AccordingtoBen-Shalar,realisticoptimistsarethosewhomakethebestofthingsthathappen,butnotthosewhobelieveeverythinghappensforthebest.3.“Itwasareallybadmovebecausethat’snotmypassion,”saysNing,whosedilemmaaboutthejobtranslated,predictably,intoalackofsales.4.Ineverfeeloverwhelmedwiththeamountofinformationmybrainabsorbs.5.Theeffectiscausedbythewayweallocateourattention.6.WhileproducinglargequantitiesofCO2,thesecomputersemitagreatdealofheat,sothecentresneedtobewellair-conditioned,whichusesevenmoreenergy.35ebookthatwhichIboughtyesterday36Iboughtabook,whichgavemegreathelp.37lefttheschoolwhichsurprisedmegreatly38方法：39Iboughtabook,whichprovidedgreathelp.Iboughtabookprovidinggreathelp.Iboughtabook,whichwaswrittenbythebestnovelistintheworld.Iboughtabookwrittenbythebestnovelistintheworld.40Iboughtabook,whichwouldsolveallmyproblemsinEnglishlearning.IboughtabooktosolveallmyproblemsinEnglishlearning.Iboughtabook,whichwouldberevisedsoon.Iboughtabooktoberevisedsoon.41Iboughtabook,whichwasabletosolveallmyproblemsinEnglishlearning.IboughtabookabletosolveallmyproblemsinEnglishlearning.421.Othersarereasonableconsequencesofparticularadvancesinsciencebeingtosomeextentself-accelerating.2.Todeliverresultstoitsusersquickly,then,Googlehastomaintainvastdatacentresroundtheworld,packedwithpowerfulcomputers.3.OnecouldinterpretmuchoftheworkofBeethovenbysayingthatsufferingisinevitable,butthecouragetofightitrenderslifeworthliving4.Thereisnoagreementwhethermethodologyreferstotheconceptspeculiartohistoricalworkingeneralortotheresearchtechniquesappropriatetothevariousbranchesofhistoricalinquiry.43•我找到了导致这场意外的原因。Ihavefoundthereasonthatledtotheaccident.Ihavefoundthereasonleadingtotheaccident.•这座房子就是他出生的地方。Thehouseistheplaceinwhich/wherehewasborn.Ihavetakencountlessexams,inwhichIhavehardlyfailed.Hewonthefirstprizeinthecompetition,whichpleasedmegreatly.44名词从句的基本结构：•That:that•Wh-:which(ever),who(ever),whom(ever),what(ever),whose(ever),how,when,where,why,whether•其他：because/asif/asthough(表从),if(宾从)451.Thathecheatedintheexamwillbeeventuallydiscovered.2.Youdon’tknowwhichIboughtyesterday.3.MyquestionishowIcanfurthermystudyinthisuniversity.4.NoonecandenythefactthatIamChinese.名词从句的特点：461.Thathecheatedintheexamwillbeeventuallydiscovered.2.Itisobviousthathecheatedintheexam.1.带有正常主语从句的句子一般呈现出“一主两谓”的结构。2.形式主语只能代替主从、不定式和动名词(动词ing)，不能代替名词和代词471.Howwellthepredictionswillbevalidatedbylaterperformancedependsupontheamount,reliability,andappropriatenessoftheinformationusedandontheskillandwisdomwithwhichitisinterpreted.2.WhethertheGovernmentshouldincreasethefinancingofpurescienceattheexpenseoftechnologyorviceversaoftendependsontheissueofwhichisseenasthedrivingforce.3.Furthermoreitisobviousthatthestrengthofacountry’seconomyisdirectlyboundupwiththeefficiencyofitsagricultureandindustry,andthatthisintur