2024-2025学年山东省济南市高一上学期1月期末英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1山东省济南市2024-2025学年高一上学期1月期末英语试题第一部分听力（略）第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AMelbourneAirportisthesecondbusiestairportinAustralia.Ifyou’reoneofthoseluckypeoplepassingthroughMelbourne,here’swhatyouneedtoknowaboutit.MelbourneAirportCode,Location,andContactInformation•MelbourneAirportCode:MEL•Location:DepartureDr,Tullamarine,Victoria,Australia3045•Website:https://www.melbourneairport.com.au/•PhoneNumber:+61392971600KnowBeforeYouGoMelbourneAirportisabusyairportwithfourterminals(航站楼).Thereareclearsignsthroughouteachterminaltohelpyoumakeyourwaythroughcheck-inandsecurity.Beforeyourflight,youcancheckwhichterminalyourairlineisinontheMelbourneAirportwebsite.Ingeneral,Terminal1isaQantasdomesticcenter,Terminal2isinternationalflights.Terminal3isaVirginAustraliadomesticcenter,andTerminal4isallotherdomesticairlinessuchasJetstarandTigerAir.WheretoEatandDrinkMelbourneisabig,food-lovingcityanditshowsthatinitsairport.Whetheryou’relookingforaquickgrab-and-gomealorasit-downexperience,thereareplentyofchoices.SomeofthebestspotsforeatinganddrinkingincludeCafeVu(Terminal2),whichoffersFrench-inspiredfood.Brunetti(Terminals2and4)usanexcellentspotfortastingMelbourne’scoffeeandbitingintoanItaliandeasert.Baxa(Terminal2)isaVietnamesefast-casualrestaurantthatserveswarmnoodles.CheckoutTwoJohnsTaphouse(Terminal2and4)foralocalbeerandpubfood.WiFiandChargingStationMelbourneAirportoffersfreeWiFithroughoutitsterminals.Toconnecttothe“AirportFreeWiFi,”simplyenteryourdetails,acceptthetermsandconditions,andclick“startbrowsing.”Chargingstationsarefreelyavailableandlocatedthroughouttheairport.1.WhichterminaldopassengersneedtogotowhenflyingfromMelbournetoLondon?A.Terminal1. B.Terminal2. C.Terminal3. D.Terminal4.2.WhichrestaurantinMelbourneAirportservesAsianfood?A.Baxa. B.Brunetti. C.CafeVu.D.TwoJohnsTaphouse.3.WhatisrequiredforapassengertousefreeWiFi?A.Buyingatelephonecard. B.Settingupanapplication.C.Fillinginpersonalinformation. D.Calling+61392971600forcode.【答案】1.B2.A3.C【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了墨尔本机场的一些情况。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据KnowBeforeYouGo部分中“Terminal1isaQantasdomesticcenter,Terminal2isinternationalflights.(1号航站楼是澳航国内航班中心，2号航站楼是国际航班)”可知，从墨尔本飞往伦敦需要2号航站楼转机。故选B。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据WheretoEatandDrink部分中“Baxa(Terminal2)isaVietnamesefast-casualrestaurantthatserveswarmnoodles.(Baxa（2号航站楼）是一家提供热面的越南休闲快餐店)”可知，墨尔本机场Baxa供应亚洲菜。故选A。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段WiFiandChargingStation部分中“Toconnecttothe“AirportFreeWiFi,”simplyenteryourdetails,acceptthetermsandconditions,andclick“startbrowsing.”(要连接“机场免费WiFi”，只需输入您的详细信息，接受条款和条件，然后点击“开始浏览”)”可知，乘客申请免费WiFi需要填写个人信息。故选C。BNatureismorethanbeautifulforonetolookat.ForIndonesiannatureconservationist(环保主义者)FarwizaFarhan,natureisasilentfriend.Asachild,Farhanoftenclimbedtreeswhenevershehadproblems,stayingthereuntilshecalmeddown.Naturehasalwaysbeenthereforher.Thisiswhyshehasbeentryingtobetherefornaturewhenitneedsherhelp.Farhanbroughtherlovefornaturetohercollegeyears.Shetookamaster’sdegreeinenvironmentalmanagementattheUniversityofQueenslandinAustralia.In2009,whilestudyingattheuniversity,shehadanopportunitytoworkwithCarbonCaptureandStorageInstitute,aninternationalthinktankthatfocusedoncarboncaptureandstoragetocutdownemissions(排放),andearnedsomemoney.In2012,alongwithseveralofhercoworkers,sheformedtheForest,Nature,andEnvironmentofAcehFoundation(HAkA).In2014,HAkAachievedonehugevictory.makinganoilcompanypay$30millionforthedamageitcausedtotheecosystem.FarhansaidthislandmarkvictorywashistoricbecauseitwasthefirsttimethatIndonesiahadfinedacompanyforburningforests.Besides,HAkAalsostoppedtheconstructionofadamthatputanelephanthabitatinIndonesiaatrisk.HAkA,nowa12-year-oldinstitution,alsohasprogramsforwomensuchasassistantlawyerandcitizenjournalismtrainingandforestguardgroups.Farhansaidtheysawaneedtoempowerwomenasprotectorsoftheenvironmentbecausewomenaremuchmoreaffectedbytheeffectsofenvironmentaldestructionandclimatechange.Theconservationistsaiddisasterssuchascropfailurescouldaffectthefinancialstatus(财政状况)offamilies,makingitmorelikelyforthemtoforcewomentobeinarrangedmarriagestogetoutofpovertyorrelocatetoareasfullofviolence.Farhanhaswonseveralawardsandshecommented,“Theworkshouldincludeeveryonefromallwalksoflife.Therecognitionbelongstoallfightingontheground.”4.WhatdidnaturemeantoyoungFarhan?A.Amotherofallthings. B.Ashelterforwildlife.C.Amagicalthemepark. D.Acomfortingpartner.5.WhatdroveFarhantostartHAkA?A.Herworkingpressure. B.Hereconomiccondition.C.Herprograminuniversity. D.Herpassionfromchildhood.6.WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytalkaboutconcerningHAkA?A.Itsstrictstandards. B.Itsbusinessmodel.C.Itsmajorsuccesses. D.Itsrunningsystem.7.WhydidFarhancallonwomentobeenvironmentalfighters?A.Theyaremoresubjecttoeco-crisis. B.Theirhopeforbetterjobsdisappears.C.Theyareloadedwithfamilyduties. D.Theirlifeisthreatenedbyviolence.【答案】4.D5.D6.C7.A【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了印尼自然保护主义者法维扎·法尔汉（FarwizaFarhan）为了保护环境所付出的努力。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Asachild,Farhanoftenclimbedtreeswhenevershehadproblems,stayingthereuntilshecalmeddown.Naturehasalwaysbeenthereforher.(法尔汉还是个孩子的时候，每当她遇到问题时，她就会爬上树，呆在那里直到平静下来。大自然一直陪伴着她)”可知，大自然是法尔汉小时候安慰的伙伴。故选D。【5题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Asachild,Farhanoftenclimbedtreeswhenevershehadproblems,stayingthereuntilshecalmeddown.Naturehasalwaysbeenthereforher.(法尔汉还是个孩子的时候，每当她遇到问题时，她就会爬上树，呆在那里直到平静下来。大自然一直陪伴着她)”以及第三段“Farhanbroughtherlovefornaturetohercollegeyears.(法尔汉把她对自然的热爱带到了大学时代)”以及“In2012,alongwithseveralofhercoworkers,sheformedtheForest,Nature,andEnvironmentofAcehFoundation(HAkA).(2012年，她与几位同事一起成立了森林、自然与环境基金会（HAkA）)”可知，童年的激情促使法尔汉创办HAkA。故选D。【6题详析】主旨大意题。根据第四段“In2014,HAkAachievedonehugevictory.makinganoilcompanypay$30millionforthedamageitcausedtotheecosystem.FarhansaidthislandmarkvictorywashistoricbecauseitwasthefirsttimethatIndonesiahadfinedacompanyforburningforests.Besides,HAkAalsostoppedtheconstructionofadamthatputanelephanthabitatinIndonesiaatrisk.HAkA,nowa12-year-oldinstitution,alsohasprogramsforwomensuchasassistantlawyerandcitizenjournalismtrainingandforestguardgroups.(2014年，HAkA取得了一个巨大的胜利。让一家石油公司为其对生态系统造成的破坏支付3000万美元。法尔汉说，这一具有里程碑意义的胜利是历史性的，因为这是印度尼西亚首次对焚烧森林的公司处以罚款。此外，HAkA还停止了一座危及印尼大象栖息地的大坝的建设。HAkA现在是一个有12年历史的机构，它还为女性开设了助理律师、公民新闻培训和森林保护组织等项目)”可知，第四段主要讲了HAkA主要的成功。故选C。【7题详析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Farhansaidtheysawaneedtoempowerwomenasprotectorsoftheenvironmentbecausewomenaremuchmoreaffectedbytheeffectsofenvironmentaldestructionandclimatechange.Theconservationistsaiddisasterssuchascropfailurescouldaffectthefinancialstatus(财政状况)offamilies,makingitmorelikelyforthemtoforcewomentobeinarrangedmarriagestogetoutofpovertyorrelocatetoareasfullofviolence.(法尔汉说，他们认为有必要赋予女性保护环境的权力，因为女性受到环境破坏和气候变化的影响要大得多。这位环保人士说，农作物歉收等自然灾害可能会影响家庭的经济状况，使他们更有可能强迫妇女参加包办婚姻，以摆脱贫困或搬迁到充满暴力的地区)”可知，法尔汉呼吁女性成为环境斗士是因为她们更容易受到生态危机的影响。故选A。CManypeoplehaveanimmediatenegativereactiontothewordfatButaccordingtoanewstudy,fattissue(组织)itselfisvery,veryimportantforhealth.It’sanimportantplacetostoretheextraenergyinourbody.Fattissueissupposedtobestoredundertheskin.Ifitcan’tgothere,it’sgoingtootherplacessuchasyourliver,heartorpancreas(胰腺).Morefatinthoseorganscouldaffecthowwelltheyfunction.Exercisingregularlyovertimemakesfattissueamoreaccommodatingplaceforextraenergyunderconditionswhenwedogainweight.Toseehowexerciseimpactsfattissue,researcherscomparedfattissuejustundertheskinfromtwogroupsof16peoplewithoverweightproblem:thosewhoreportedexercisingatleastfourtimesaweekforatleast2years,andthosewhodidnotexerciseregularly.Peoplewhohadahistoryofregularexerciseinthepasthadfatcellswithfeaturesthatallowedthemtostoremorefat.Resultfromtheformergroupshowedseveralstructuralchangesinfattissue,includingslightlysmallerfatcellsandmoreofthem,andchangesinproteins(蛋白质)thatadjustbodyfatremodeling.However,manyoftheabovechangesdisappearedwhenregularexercisestopped.Dr.Horowitz,professorofmovementstudiesattheUniversityofMichigan,said,“Thisisoneofthebigreasonswhyitissoimportanttobephysicallyactivemostdays.Alotofthebody’sexerciseshelpyoutokeepgoinglongerorpushharderinyourworks.”Thekeytakeawayofthestudyisthatwe’rebroadeningourunderstandingofwhyitishelpfultoexercise.Therearesomanywaystoexercise,andfiguringoutawaytomakeitpartofthedailyroutineplaysanimportantrole.Ofcourse,youshouldcheckwithyourdoctorfirsttomakesureit’ssafe.8.WhatcanwelearnaboutfattissuefromParagraph1?A.Itismostenergy-demanding. B.Ithaslittletodowithfatness.C.Itslocationmakesadifference. D.Itsfunctionistocontrolhealth.9.Howaretheparticipantsintheresearchgrouped?A.Bytheirhealthproblem. B.Bytheirbodyweight.C.Bytheirworkouthabit. D.Bytheirpersonalhobby.10.WhatisstressedinParagraph3?A.Weightlossdependsonlessfattissue. B.Exercisecanreshapeproteinstructure.C.Hardertrainingresultsinstrongerfattissue. D.Fattissueissensitivetoexercisefrequency.11.Whatisthepurposeofthelastparagraph?A.Toraiseaproposal. B.Topresentevidence.C.Toprovethefinding. D.Toadvancethestudy.【答案】8.C9.C10.D11.A【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了脂肪组织的位置不同会对身体有所影响，解释了相关研究以及建议多锻炼。【8题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Fattissueissupposedtobestoredundertheskin.Ifitcan’tgothere,it’sgoingtootherplacessuchasyourliver,heartorpancreas(胰腺).Morefatinthoseorganscouldaffecthowwelltheyfunction.(脂肪组织应该储存在皮肤下。如果它不能到达那里，它就会到达其他地方，比如肝脏、心脏或胰腺。这些器官中的脂肪过多会影响它们的功能)”可知，脂肪组织的位置不同会有影响。故选C。【9题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Toseehowexerciseimpactsfattissue,researcherscomparedfattissuejustundertheskinfromtwogroupsof16peoplewithoverweightproblem:thosewhoreportedexercisingatleastfourtimesaweekforatleast2years,andthosewhodidnotexerciseregularly.(为了了解运动对脂肪组织的影响，研究人员比较了两组16名有超重问题的人的皮下脂肪组织：一组报告说每周至少锻炼四次，持续至少两年，另一组不经常锻炼)”可知，研究参与者通过锻炼习惯进行分组。故选C。【10题详析】主旨大意题。根据第三段“Resultfromtheformergroupshowedseveralstructuralchangesinfattissue,includingslightlysmallerfatcellsandmoreofthem,andchangesinproteins(蛋白质)thatadjustbodyfatremodeling.However,manyoftheabovechangesdisappearedwhenregularexercisestopped.Dr.Horowitz,professorofmovementstudiesattheUniversityofMichigan,said,“Thisisoneofthebigreasonswhyitissoimportanttobephysicallyactivemostdays.Alotofthebody’sexerciseshelpyoutokeepgoinglongerorpushharderinyourworks.”(前一组的结果显示，脂肪组织发生了一些结构变化，包括脂肪细胞略小，脂肪细胞更多，以及调节身体脂肪重塑的蛋白质发生了变化。然而，当停止定期锻炼时，上述许多变化就消失了。密歇根大学运动研究教授霍洛维茨博士说：“这就是为什么大多数时候保持身体活跃是如此重要的一个重要原因。很多身体的锻炼可以帮助你坚持更长时间或更努力地工作。”)”可知，第三段强调的是脂肪组织对运动频率敏感。故选D。【11题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Thekeytakeawayofthestudyisthatwe’rebroadeningourunderstandingofwhyitishelpfultoexercise.Therearesomanywaystoexercise,andfiguringoutawaytomakeitpartofthedailyroutineplaysanimportantrole.Ofcourse,youshouldcheckwithyourdoctorfirsttomakesureit’ssafe.(这项研究的关键结论是，我们正在拓宽我们对为什么锻炼有益的理解。锻炼的方法有很多，找到一种方法使其成为日常生活的一部分起着重要的作用。当然，你应该先咨询你的医生，以确保它是安全的)”可知，最后一段的目的是提出建议。故选A。DWhydoesoneplusoneequaltwo?Onepossibleansweris“Itjustdoes!”Thatisreallyadifferentwayofsaying“BecauseIsaidso!”—ananswerthathasbeenannoyingchildrenforgenerations.Mathcanseemlikeaworldofrulesyoujusthavetofollow,whichmakesitseemboring.Butmyloveofmathissomewhatdrivenbymyloveofbreakingrulesoratleastpushingagainstthem,bothofwhichadvancehumanunderstandingandmathematicalunderstanding.Soratherthanthinkaboutwhyoneplusoneistwo,let’sgoalittlefurtherandquestionwhetherit’seventrueallthetime,myyouputonerabbitandanotherrabbittogether.Youmightendupwithmanyrabbits.Sometimes,ifyouputapileofsandontopofanother,thenyoujustgetonepileofsand.AndifIsay“I’mnotnothungry,”thatmeans“I’mhungry.”Youmightthinkthatthesearen’treallysituationsinwhichoneplusoneequalssomethingelse,becausetheyaren’treallyaddition,orbecausethosearen’treallynumbers.You’rewelcometothinkthat,butthat’snotwhatmathdoes.Mathinsteadsays:Let’sworkoutthecontextinwhichoneplusonereallydoesequaltwo,andcontextsinwhichitdoesn’t.Mathisn’treallyaboutgettingtherightanswer,it’saboutbuildinggoodexplanations.Imagineweweredesigningajungle(丛林)gymforchildren.We’dwanttotestitineverypossiblewaytomakesureit’ssafe.We’dwanttojumponit,fallfromit,andtrytopullitoutoftheground,ratherthansimplytrustingthatwebuiltitwell.Thesolidityofmathcomesfromwantingtoknowourframework(框架)willholdup.Oneofthereasonswhytheframeworkissostrongisthatwequestionitsodeeply.Ihopethatwewillstartseeingmathematicsasaplacetoraisequestionsandexploreanswers,ratherthanaplacewheretheanswersarefixedandwe’resupposedtoknowthem.12.Whydoestheauthorlovemath?A.Heenjoysthenumbergames. B.Hefindsuncertaintyinmath.C.Helikesgoingbeyondrules. D.Heknowsandfearsnothing.13.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph3?A.Contextsdecidemathresults. B.Oneplusonealwaysequalstwo.C.Additionissometimesconfusing. D.Thereisnotricktolearningmath.14.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestbymentioningajunglegym?A.Safetycomesfirst. B.Testoutplaystrust.C.Mathkeepsmenexact. D.Practicemakesperfect.15.Howareweexpectedtolearnmathaccordingtothetext?A.Teamupeffectively. B.Questionreasonably.C.Reviewpatiently. D.Countfrequently.【答案】12.C13.A14.B15.B【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要论述了作者喜爱数学的原因以及对如何学习数学的一些见解。【12题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Butmyloveofmathissomewhatdrivenbymyloveofbreakingrulesoratleastpushingagainstthem,bothofwhichadvancehumanunderstandingandmathematicalunderstanding.(但我对数学的热爱在某种程度上是由我对打破规则的热爱所驱动的，或者至少是对规则的挑战，这两者都促进了人类的理解和对数学的理解)”可知，作者喜欢数学因为喜欢打破常规。故选C。【13题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段“Soratherthanthinkaboutwhyoneplusoneistwo,let’sgoalittlefurtherandquestionwhetherit’seventrueallthetime,myyouputonerabbitandanotherrabbittogether.Youmightendupwithmanyrabbits.Sometimes,ifyouputapileofsandontopofanother,thenyoujustgetonepileofsand.AndifIsay“I’mnotnothungry,”thatmeans“I’mhungry.”(所以与其思考为什么1加1等于2，不如进一步思考一下，如果你把一只兔子和另一只兔子放在一起，它是否一直都是正确的。你可能会得到很多兔子。有时候，如果你把一堆沙子放在另一堆沙子上，那么你只会得到一堆沙子。如果我说“我不是不饿”，意思是“我饿了”)”可知，语境决定数学成绩。故选A。【14题详析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Imagineweweredesigningajungle(丛林)gymforchildren.We’dwanttotestitineverypossiblewaytomakesureit’ssafe.We’dwanttojumponit,fallfromit,andtrytopullitoutoftheground,ratherthansimplytrustingthatwebuiltitwell.Thesolidityofmathcomesfromwantingtoknowourframework(框架)willholdup.Oneofthereasonswhytheframeworkissostrongisthatwequestionitsodeeply.(想象一下，我们正在为孩子们设计一个丛林健身房。我们想要用各种可能的方法来测试它，以确保它是安全的。我们想要跳上去，从上面掉下来，试着把它从地上拉出来，而不是简单地相信我们把它造得很好。数学的坚固性来自于我们想知道我们的框架是否能够支撑起来。这个框架如此强大的原因之一是我们对它的质疑如此深刻)”可知，作者提到攀爬架是为了表明测试胜过信任。故选B。【15题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Ihopethatwewillstartseeingmathematicsasaplacetoraisequestionsandexploreanswers,ratherthanaplacewheretheanswersarefixedandwe’resupposedtoknowthem.(我希望我们开始把数学看作是一个提出问题和探索答案的地方，而不是一个答案是固定的，我们应该知道它们的地方)”可知，学习数学应该合理提问。故选B。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Youcanlivealow-wastelifestyle.Thekeyistobecreativeaboutredesigningyourbehavior.Hereareafewsimplewaystoreduceyourtrashoutput.Writealistofthetrashyouproduce.Organizeitbytheroomsinyourhouseorbyactivity.Youmightwrite“foodwaste,plasticbagsandmetalcans”under“cooking”,etc.Thiswillhelpyoutrackthetrashyou’recreating.___16___Lookattheemptycontainersyouarethrowingawayandfigureoutalow-wastesolution.Reusetheminsteadofbuyingnewones.___17___Youmayalsoconsiderusinganemptyteacontainertostorerice.___18___YoucancutoldT-shirtsintopiecesforcleaningup.Moreover,thinkabouthowtocreativelysaveyourfood.Forexample,putoverripebananasinthefreezertomakebananabreadlater.Oruseanorangeskintomakeacandleusingvegetableoil.Alow-wastelifestyleisn’tjustaboutwhatyoudoathome.___19___Chooseadigitalreceiptatshopsinsteadofapaperone.Wheneatingout,bringyourownreusablefork.Oraskthewaiterstofillupyourowncoffeecupinsteadofasingle-useone.Remember,reducingwasteisaboutfindingsustainablechangesthatfityourlifestyle.___20___.You’llbepartofthesolutiontoenvironmentalpollutionandclimatechange.A.Startsmallandbuildup.B.Wastewillendupinlandfills.C.Theycanbegivenbacktoshops.D.Trytorescuewhatevercanbeused.E.YoucanuseemptyboxestostorecandiesF.Thus,youcanidentifymanageablewaystoreduceit.G.Itisalsoaboutlookingforwaystoautwasteelsewhere【答案】16.F17.E18.D19.G20.A【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。你可以过一种低浪费的生活，关键是要创造性地重新设计你的行为。文章主要就减少垃圾产生给出了一些建议。【16题详析】根据上文“Writealistofthetrashyouproduce.Organizeitbytheroomsinyourhouseorbyactivity.Youmightwrite“foodwaste,plasticbagsandmetalcans”under“cooking”,etc.Thiswillhelpyoutrackthetrashyou’recreating.(把你制造的垃圾写一张清单。按房间或活动来组织。你可以在“烹饪”下面写“食物垃圾、塑料袋和金属罐”等等。这将帮助你跟踪你在制造的垃圾)”可知，上文建议为制造的垃圾写清单，本句为本段最后一句，故说明这么做的好处。故F选项“这样，你可以找到可管理的方法来减少它”符合语境，故选F。【17题详析】根据上文“Lookattheemptycontainersyouarethrowingawayandfigureoutalow-wastesolution.Reusetheminsteadofbuyingnewones.(看看你扔掉的空容器，找出一个低浪费的解决方案。重复使用，而不是买新的)”以及后文“Youmayalsoconsiderusinganemptyteacontainertostorerice.(你也可以考虑用一个空的茶叶容器来储存大米)”可知，空格处句子与后文并列，都是针对如何重新利用空容器进行举例说明。故E选项“你可以用空盒子储存糖果”符合语境，故选E。【18题详析】根据后文“YoucancutoldT-shirtsintopiecesforcleaningup.Moreover,thinkabouthowtocreativelysaveyourfood.Forexample,putoverripebananasinthefreezertomakebananabreadlater.Oruseanorangeskintomakeacandleusingvegetableoil.(你可以把旧T恤剪成碎片以便清理。此外，想想如何创造性地保存你的食物。例如，把熟透的香蕉放在冰箱里，以后做香蕉面包。或者用橘子皮用植物油做蜡烛)”可知，本段主要就如何重新利用家中的物品进行了说明。故D选项“尽力抢救一切可用的东西”符合语境，故选D。【19题详析】根据上文“Alow-wastelifestyleisn’tjustaboutwhatyoudoathome.(低浪费的生活方式不仅仅是你在家做的事情)”可知，上文提到“低浪费的生活方式不仅仅是你在家做的事情”，推测本句承接上文，进一步解释说明低浪费的生活方式的意义。故G选项“这也是关于寻找其他地方不浪费的方法”符合语境，故选G。【20题详析】根据上文“Remember,reducingwasteisaboutfindingsustainablechangesthatfityourlifestyle.(记住，减少浪费就是找到适合你生活方式的可持续变化)”以及后文“You’llbepartofthesolutiontoenvironmentalpollutionandclimatechange.(你将成为解决环境污染和气候变化的一份子)”可知，本段为总结段落，上文提到减少浪费是找到可持续变化，说明是一个过程，需要慢慢开始。故A选项“从小处开始，慢慢积累”符合语境，故选A。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。WhenIfinallyachievedmylifelongdreamtocompletemyPhD(博士学位),itwaswithmydaughter.Ihadalwayshad___21___inmystudies.BythetimeIcompletedmyMaster’sinEconomicsin1985,IwassurethatI___22___togetaPhD.Withinayearaftermypostgraduate,Ifaceda___23___intheroad:Ajobopportunity.Idecidedtoputmydegree___24___.Afewyearsdowntheline,Igotmarriedandhadmyfirstchild.In2007,opportunitycame___25___again.ButperhapsI___26___toosoon.Oneday,duringanearly-morninghike,Isuddenly___27___andfell,seriouslyinjuringmyleftankle.Sixmonthslater,___28___asIwas,thestepsforPhDwereallimpossible.Forthenextfiveyears,I___29___onnewpostingsandmydayswerefilledwithworkandfamily.WhenmyelderdaughterShreyabeganaPhD,itseemedliketheperfectopportunityto____30____heronthePhDjourney.InDecember2012,Ieventually____31____myPhDprogrammeatDelhiUniversity.Istillremembertheprofessorandstudentslooked____32____surprisedwhentheysawa50-somethingstudentinclass.Lifegetsinthewayand____33____youoffcourse.Butstaying____34____totheoriginalselfandhavingbeliefinyourselfmakeallthedifference,especiallywhenyou’reontheroadless____35____.21.A.confidence B.support C.time D.trouble22.A.managed B.wanted C.dared D.begged23.A.crash B.sign C.fork D.stage24.A.inhand B.inreturn C.onpurpose D.onhold25.A.missing B.knocking C.warning D.cheering26.A.dropped B.changed C.celebrated D.agreed27.A.tripped B.moved C.stopped D.rushed28.A.grounded B.excited C.alarmed D.pained29.A.relied B.focused C.checked D.planned30.A.encourage B.trust C.push D.partner31.A.quitted B.copied C.discovered D.started32.A.predictably B.comfortably C.strangely D.coldly33.A.sends B.burns C.forces D.cuts34.A.simple B.equal C.true D.clear35.A.travelled B.opened C.blocked D.preferred【答案】21.A22.B23.C24.D25.B26.C27.A28.A29.B30.D31.D32.A33.C34.C35.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者一直怀揣攻读博士学位的梦想，但因工作和家庭等因素多次搁置，后来在50多岁时和女儿一起开启博士课程，最终实现梦想，并感悟到忠于本真和相信自己的重要性。【21题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我一直对自己的学业充满信心。A.confidence信心；B.support支持；C.time时间；D.trouble麻烦。根据下文“BythetimeIcompletedmyMaster’sinEconomicsin1985,IwassurethatI______togetaPhD.”可知，作者读完经济学硕士学位，还计划攻读博士学位，因此是对自己的学业充满信心。故选A。【22题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：1985年我完成经济学硕士学位时，就确定自己想要攻读博士学位。A.managed设法做到；B.wanted想要；C.dared敢于；D.begged恳求。根据上文“WhenIfinallyachievedmylifelongdreamtocompletemyPhD(博士学位)”可知，攻读博士学位是作者毕生的梦想，因此是确定自己想要攻读博士学位。故选B。【23题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究生毕业后不到一年，我就面临着一个岔路口：一个工作机会。A.crash碰撞；B.sign标志；C.fork岔路口；D.stage阶段。根据下文“Ajobopportunity”可知，作者硕士毕业后得到了一个工作机会，这和之前她规划的继续攻读学位的计划有冲突，因此是指面临着一个岔路口，岔路口代表人生中的重要选择和决策点‌。故选C。【24题详析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：我决定暂缓攻读博士学位。A.inhand在手中；B.inreturn作为回报；C.onpurpose故意；D.onhold暂停。根据下文“Afewyearsdowntheline,Igotmarriedandhadmyfirstchild.”可知，作者接下来结了婚并迎来了第一个孩子，因此她是决定暂缓攻读博士学位，短语putsth.onhold意为“暂停某事”。故选D。【25题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：2007年，机会再次降临。A.missing错过；B.knocking敲击；C.warning警告；D.cheering欢呼。根据下文“thestepsforPhDwereallimpossible”可知，作者是打算申请攻读博士学位的，因此是指机会再次敲门，即机会再次降临。故选B。【26题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但或许我庆祝得太早了。A.dropped掉落；B.changed改变；C.celebrated庆祝；D.agreed答应。根据下文“thestepsforPhDwereallimpossible”可知，对于作者而言，她又一次无法攻读博士学位，由此推知，她为新机会庆祝得太早了。故选C。【27题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天清晨徒步时，我突然绊倒，左脚踝严重受伤。A.tripped绊倒；B.moved移动；C.stopped停止；D.rushed匆忙。根据下文“andfell,seriouslyinjuringmyleftankle”可推知，作者是突然绊倒，导致左脚踝严重受伤。故选A。【28题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：六个月后，尽管我被禁足了，但攻读博士学位的步骤是不可能的。A.grounded被罚不准出门的；B.excited兴奋的；C.alarmed惊慌的；D.pained痛苦的。根据上文“Oneday,duringanearly-morninghike,Isuddenly______andfell,seriouslyinjuringmyleftankle.”可知，作者在徒步时左脚踝严重受伤，因此六个月后应该还没有完全恢复，无法出门，被禁足在家。故选A。【29题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的五年里，我专注于新的工作岗位，日子里满是工作和家庭。A.relied依靠；B.focused关注；C.checked检查；D.planned计划。根据下文“mydayswerefilledwithworkandfamily”可知，作者的日子里满是工作和家庭，因此是专注于新的工作岗位，短语focuson意为“专注于”。故选B。【30题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我的大女儿Shreya开始攻读博士学位时，这似乎是一个绝佳的机会，能让我和她结伴踏上攻读博士的征程。A.encourage鼓励；B.trust信任；C.push推动；D.partner结成伙伴。根据上文“WhenIfinallyachievedmylifelongdreamtocompletemyPhD(博士学位),itwaswithmydaughter.”可知，作者和女儿一起完成攻读博士学位，因此是和女儿结伴踏上攻读博士的征程。故选D。【31题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：2012年12月，我最终在德里大学开始了我的博士课程。A.quitted离开；B.copied复制；C.discovered发现；D.started开始。根据下文“Istillremembertheprofessorandstudentslooked______surprisedwhentheysawa50-somethingstudentinclass.”可知，作者进入课堂，重新做回学生，因此是在德里大学开始了自己的博士课程。故选D。【32题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我仍然记得，当教授和学生看到一个50多岁的学生在课堂上时，他们都表现出意料之中的惊讶。A.predictably可预见地；B.comfortably舒适地；C.strangely奇怪地；D.coldly冷淡地。根据下文“whentheysawa50-somethingstudentinclass”可推知，教授和其他学生看到作者这样一个50多岁的学生，按照常理来预测，会惊讶是很正常的，因此是指他们都表现出意料之中的惊讶。故选A。【33题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：生活总会横生枝节，迫使你偏离原定轨迹。A.sends发送；B.burns燃烧；C.forces迫使；D.cuts切割。根据上文“Lifegetsintheway”可知，生活总会横生枝节，因此会迫使人偏离原定轨迹。故选C。【34题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但忠于本真、相信自己至关重要，尤其是当你踏上一条少有人走的路时。A.simple简单的；B.equal平等的；C.true忠实的；D.clear清楚的。根据下文“havingbeliefinyourself”可推知，与相信自己呼应的应该是忠于本真，短语staytrueto意为“忠于，坚持”。故选C。【35题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但忠于本真、相信自己至关重要，尤其是当你踏上一条少有人走的路时。A.travelled走过；B.opened打开；C.blocked堵塞；D.preferred更喜欢。根据上文叙述的作者在50多岁时和女儿一起开启博士课程，最终实现攻读博士学位的梦想可知，作者选择了一条很少有人选择走的路，因此这里强调的是踏上一条少有人走的路的情况。故选A。高一英语试题第10页（共12页）第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。Peruisacountry___36___thePacificcoastofSouthAmerica.It___37___(have)threemainareas:narrow,dry,andflatland___38___(run)alongshecoast,theAndesMountains,andtheAmazonrainforest.Inthepast,Peru___39___(rule)bySpainfromthesixteenthcenturyto1821.ItisforthisreasonthatSpanishisthemainofficiallanguageofPeru.【答案】36.on37.has38.running39.wasruled【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了秘鲁的自然地理情况以及历史。【36题详析】考查介词。句意：秘鲁是南美洲太平洋沿岸的一个国家。表示在南美洲太平洋沿岸，应用介词on。故填on。【37题详析】考查时态。句意：它有三个主要区域：沿着海岸的狭窄、干燥和平坦的土地，安第斯山脉和亚马逊雨林。陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为It，谓语用三单形式。故填has。【38题详析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它有三个主要区域：沿着海岸的狭窄、干燥和平坦的土地，安第斯山脉和亚马逊雨林。run和land之间是主谓关系，使用现在分词，作后置定语。故填running。【39题详析】考查时态语态。句意：在过去，秘鲁从16世纪到1821年被西班牙统治。主语thecentreofthepowerfulancientIncaEmpire和动词rule之间是被动关系，结合“Inthepast”可知，此处使用一般过去时的被动语态，主语表示单数意义，谓语用单数。故填wasruled。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。Therearesignsbeforenaturaldisasters.Butpeopletendnottothinkmuchofthem.NeitherdidpeopleinTangshanin1976.At3:42a.m.onJuly28,___40___theearthbegantoshake,the___41___(city)onemillionpeoplewereasleepasusual.Oneofthemostdeadly___42___(earthquake)ofthe20thcenturydestroyedallthecityalmostinlessthanoneminute.【答案】40.when41.city’s42.earthquakes【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了唐山地震发生前的先兆。【40题详析】考查定语从句。句意：7月28日凌晨3点42分大地开始震动，这座城市的100万人像往常一样在睡梦中。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词3:42a.m.onJuly28，在从句作时间状语，故填when。【41题详析】考查所有格。句意：7月28日凌晨3点42分大地开始震动，这座城市的100万人像往常一样在睡梦中。此处city与people为所属关系，用名词所有格形式。故填city’s。【42题详析】考查名词的数。句意：20世纪最致命的地震之一几乎在一分钟内就摧毁了整个城市。此处为oneof+可数名词复数。故填earthquakes。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容