大学英语四级模拟试卷499

大学英语四级模拟试卷499

一、作文（本题共7题，每题7.0分，共7分。）

1、Forthispari,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopic:what

JobsDoCollegeGraduatesWhattoTake?Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowing

theoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:

OccupationMaleFemale

Teaching5%45%

Managers40%15%

Businessmen30%25%

1zwyers15%10%

1.目前大学毕业生的择业情况2.男、女学生就业选择的区别3.我的观点What

JobsDoCollegeGraduatesWhattoTake?

标准答案：WhatJobsDoCollegeGraduatesWanttolake?Itgoeswithoutsayingthat

collegestudentshaveaclearideaabouttheirfutureoccupation.Boysaretosomeextent

differentfromgirlsintheirchoicesasisseenfromthetable.Accordingtothetable,the

moststrikingcontrastisintheoccupationofteaching:45%ofgirlstudentswouldliketo

becometeachersaftergraduationwhereasonly5%ofboyswould.Whatboysliketodo

mostistobecomemanagers(40%)andthesecondlargestgroupistobebusinessmen

(30%).Girlsalsoliketopursuethesetwoprofessions,withapercentageof15%and25%

respectivelychoosingthesetwojobs.15%ofboyswanttobecomelawyerswhile10%of

girlspreferthisprofession.Itcanbeeasilyprovedthatteachingispreferredbyfemalesas

itprovidesamoresteadylife.Women'spatiencealsofitsthejobwell.Boysconsider

workingasmanagers,businessmenandlawyersmoredemandingandexciting.Itistree

thatmoreboyswanttoshowtheirtalentsinthesefields.Onethingnoteworthyisthatthe

numberofgirlswhowanttodobusinessisnotsmall.Thisshowsthatgirlswanttotake

challengingandexcitingjobs,too.Nevertheless,nomatterwhatjobyouchoose,itcould

beachallenge.Asforme,Ilikescienceandtechnology.Withtheeconomicgrowthand

socialprogress,professionalsofscienceandtechnologywillbecomemoreandmore

important.ThereforeIwillchoosedoingscientificresearchasmycareer.

知识点解析：暂无解析

二、快速阅读理解（本题共10题，每题1.0分，共10

分。）

TheMysteryoftheMayasTheruinsofonce-beautifulcitiesintheforestsofCentral

Americatellscientistsmuchabouttheamazingpeoplewhobuiltthem.Buttheydonot

tellwhythesecitiesweresuddenlyabandonedoveronethousandyearsago.AroundA.

D.800,somethingmysterioushappenedtotheMayancivilization.Wallsandfoundations

fornewbuildingswereleftunfinished.Tomodemarcheologists,itlookedasifthecities

hadbeenabandoned.Whathappened?Whatisthepossibleexplanationofthismystery?

EarlyDiscoveriesInthelate1700's,agroupofexplorerscuttingtheirwaythrougha

forestinCentralAmericacameupontheruinsofanancientcity.Underatangleoftrees

andvines,theyfoundlarge,well-de-signedstonebuildingsandhandsomestone

monuments.Someofthestoneswerecoveredwithastrangekindofwriting.Carvingson

otherstonesshowedthatatleastsomeofthepeoplewholivedinthearealongbefore

werehighlyadvanced.QuestionsRaisedInthenext150years,morecitieswere

discovered.Theyseemedtobepartofagreatcivilizationstretchingacross500miles

(about800kilometers)offorest.In1881,anEnglishmannamedAlfredMaudslayledthe

firstbigscientificexpeditiontostudytheruinsintheforest.Maudslaywasan

archeologist,ascientistwhostudiestheremainsofancientcommunitiesforcluestohow

thepeoplelived.Otherexpeditionsfollowed,butatfirsttheyfoundmorequestionsthan

answers:Whobuiltthecities,andwhenthecitieswerebuilt?Howhadthepeoplelived

hereinthemiddleofarainforest?Mostpuzzlingofall,whathappenedtothem?Possible

AnswersGradually,someoftheanswershavebeenpiecedtogether.Today,livingin

partsofMexicoandGuatemala,therearebrownskinnedIndianpeoplecalledtheMayas.

ScientistsbelievethattheancestorsoftheseIndiansbuiltthecitiesandcarvedthestone

monuments.DatescarvedonsomemonumentsshowthattheywereputupbetweenA.D.

300and800,butbitsofburiedpotterytellusthattheMayashadlivedinsomeoftheir

citiesforhundredsofyearsearlier.AttheheightofMayancivilization,theremusthave

beenovertwomillionpeoplelivinginandaroundhundredsofbeautifultownsandcities.

Archeologistsdigginginthesecitieshaveuncoveredroads,afewwaterreservoirs,and

templesbuiltoneontopofanother.Handsomepicturesmadeofsculpturedplasterand

paintedinbrightcolorswerefoundonthewallsofbuildings.Paintedpotsandpiecesof

carefullycarvedjewelrywerediscoveredintombsunderthefloorsoftemples.These

picturesandobjectsshowedmuchabouttheMayas'life.Therewerescenesofpeople

working,peopleatwar,noblesholdingcourt,priestsinfantasticcostumes,andMayan

gods.PossibleErrorsForalongtime,archeologistsworkedonlyonuncoveringlarge

Mayanstructures,suchastemples,palaces,andballcourts.Littleeffortwasmadetofind

theremainsofsmallerbuildings,suchashouses.Theseemingabsenceofhousesled

peopletobelievethatthecitieswereonlythehomesofpriestsandrulers,wholivedin

thepalaces.Theythoughttheordinarypeopleprobablylivedinthecountrysideandcame

tothecitiesonlyforreligiousceremonies.NewEvidenceInrecentyears,newevidence

hasbeenuncoveredatanumberofMayancitiesbydifferentgroupsofarcheologists.The

UniversityofPennsylvania,inPhiladelphiahasjustfinishedatwelve-yearstudyofTikal,

thebiggestoftheMayancities.Morethanonehundredsmallhousesvaried,too.Some

hadmanyremainsoffinelydecoratedpottery.Othershadfewerandplainerpieces.The

houseswereveryclosetogether,withlittlespacetoraisefood,exceptinsmallgardens.

ChangeofViewThesenewfindingschangedourpictureofMayanlife.Dr.WilliamR.

Coe,directoroftheTikalproject,saidthatTikalmusthavebeenarealcityafterall,at

leastforpartofitshistory.Itmusthavehadabigpopulation.Thedifferencesinthe

housesshowthatthereweremanydifferentclassesofpeople.Perhapssomewere

craftsmen-thestonecutters,sculptors,andpainterswhoworkedonnewtemplesand

monuments.Mayas'ImpressiveAccomplishmentsAsarcheologistsstudiedtheMayas,

theybecamemoreandmoreimpressedbyhowmuchthesepeoplehadbeenabletodo.In

otherpartsoftheworld,peoplewereusingmetaltoolsbeforetheybeganbuildingcities.

Theyalsohadwheelsandcartstohelpmoveloads,anddomesticatedanimalstopushor

pullthem.TheMayashadnoneofthesethings.Theircnlytoolsweremadeofwoodor

stone.Yettheycutandcarvedrocksweighingthousandsofpounds,andbuilttemples

over200feet(abovesixtymeters)tall.ButtheMayascoulddomorethanjustmake

buildingsandworksofart.Oneofthemostimportanttilingstheydidwaslearntowrite.

WhensomeoftheMayanwritingwasfiguredout,archeologistsdiscoveredhowmuch

theMayasknewaboutotherthings,too.Inmathematics,theycouldcountuptothe

millions.Theywerethefirstpeopletofigureouthowtousethezerowithothernumerals

tomakeworkingwithlargenumberseasier.Inastronomy,too,theywerewayaheadof

otherancientpeoples.RecordsshowthattheMayashadobservedtheskiesforcenturies,

keepingtrackofwhattheysaw.Theyknewhowlongthemoontooktogoaroundthe

earth,andhowlongtheplanetVenustooktocomebacktothesameplaceinthesky.

Theycouldpredicteclipses,andtheyworkedoutacalendarofeighteentwenty-day

“months"andonefive-day"month"thatmeasuredtheyearasaccuratelyasthecalendar

weusetoday.

2、Thoughmuchremainstobediscovered,byputtingtogethervariousfindingsobtained

sincethe1700s,researchershavecometotheconclusionthatMayancultureisquite

remarkable.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：A

知识点解析：这是一道概括全文内容的问题。纵观全文的小标题，我们可以看出：

作者通过回顾1700年以来学者的研究成果，澄清了人们过去关于玛雅人行踪的疑

惑，提出了较过去更为客观和完整的观点，最后总结了玛雅文明在建筑、艺术、文

字、数学和天文等方面对人类历史的贡献。该题阐述是对全文的总结，因此答案为

[Y]o

3、Theruinsoftheancientcitytheexplorerscameacrossinthelate1700sconvinced

themthatthecitywasoncelivedbypeopleofahighlyadvancedculture.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：A

知识点解析：细节题。第二段第二、三、四提至『:..theyfoundlarge,well-designed

stonebuildingsandhandsomestonemonumentsSomeofthestoneswerecoveredwitha

strangekindofwriting.Carvingsonotherstonesshowedthatatleastsomeofthepeople

wholivedinthearealongbeforewerehighlyadvanced.”因此答案为[Y]

4、Bypiecingtogetherallkindsofevidencecollectedbyvariousexpeditions,the

researchersbelievetheMayastobeIndians,whoseancestorshadcomefromAsia.

C、NG

标准答案：C

知识点解析：答题依据在文章最后一段。该段只介绍了玛雅人在天文学方面的成

就，并未涉及这些成就对生活的影响，故答案为[NG]

9、Typicalcustomersofalandfillare.

标准答案：hadbeenabandoned

知识点解析：答题依据在第一段第四、五句话。文章说至『'Wallsandfoundalionsfor

newbuildingswereleftunfinished.Tomodernarcheologists,itlookedasifthecities

hadbeenabandoned.”准确回答该题，要求考生对上面两句话进行综合。也就是

说，考古学家之所以认为这些城市被抛弃了的依据是城中的墙壁和地基尚未完成。

10、Todisposeofatonoftrashinalandfill,customershavetopayatippingfee

of.

标准答案：theuseofzeroincounting

知识点解析：倒数第二段提到"Inmathematics,theycouldcountuptothe

millions.Theywerethefirstpeopletofigureouthowtousethezerowithother

numeralstomakeworkingwithlargenumberseasier."（数学方面，他们可以计算到百

方位，并且第一个用数字零同其它数字结合以便于大数字的运算.）该段第一句是

结论，第二句对第一句进行解释

11、Materialsthatarenotpermittedtobeburiedinlandfillsshouldbedumpedat.

标准答案：writing,maihematicsandastronomy

知识点解析：该题是对文章最后一部分的总结，倒数第三段提到“ButtheMayas

coulddomorethanjustmakebuildingsandworksofart.”然后该段主要介绍了

"writing",接下来的两段分别介绍了玛雅人在mathematics和astronomy方面的成

就。

三、听力短对话（本题共8题，每题1.0分，共8分0）

12、

A、She'sbeendismissedfbrherpoorperformance.

B、She'sbeenfiredbythecompany.

C>Shehasbeengivenamonth'sleave.

D、Shehasbeenofferedanewjob.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

13、

A^Hehadtoworkovertime.

B、Hewasheldupintraffic.

C、Hiscarranoutofgas.

D、Hehadatrafficaccident.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

14、

A、She*sbrokenthepen.

B、She'slentthepentosomeone.

C、She'sreturnedthepen.

D、Shedoesnotknowwherethepenis.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

15、

A^Mr.White'sreasonfbrleaving.

B、Mr.White'snewappointment.

C、Howtoapplyforajob.

D^Avacantjob.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

16、

A、BehostiletoNancy.

B、AskNancytocomeout.

C>TalktoNancyherself.

D、WritealettertoNancy.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

17、

A^Heisoftenaskedtogoandseeexhibitions.

B、Hewouldliketogoandseetheexhibition.

C、Hewenttoseetheexhibitionlastyear.

D、Hedefinitelydoesnotwanttogo.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

18、

A、Plane.

B、Car.

C^Train.

D、Ship.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

19、

A、Nickcan'tgoonstudyingbecausehehastoworkinasteelplant.

B、Nickhasearnedenoughmoneyforhissenioryear.

C、Nickprefersworkinginasteelplanttogoingtocollege.

D、Nickdoesn'thaveenoughmoneysohe'llworkduringhissenioryear.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

四、听力长对话（含4小题）（本题共4题，每题1.0

分,共4分。）

20、

A、Thewomanhaspassedherfinalexams.

B、Thewomanwantstoknowhowtowritetermpapers.

C^Thewomanisgoing（ovisitGettysburg.

D、ThemanintroduceshisexperiencesinGettysburg.

标准答案：c

知识点解析：暂无解析

21、

A、Becauseherparentsliketraveling.

B、Becauseherparentslikehistory.

C、Becausetravelinginsuchplacescostsless.

D、Becauseherparentswanttoreinforcethestufftheylearnedinschoolabouthistory.

标准W:索.D

知识苫解扁暂无解析

22、

A、Theexamsthatshedoesn^pass.

B>Thetitlesofthetermpapersshewrote.

C^Thereasonwhyherfamilydidn'ttravelanywhere10yearsago.

D、Theplacesherfamilyhastraveled.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

23、

A、Itisfarawayfromthecityshelivesin.

B、Itisaplacewheremanygreatpeoplewereborn.

C、IthasacertainpoliticalinfluencesintheUnitedStatesrightafterthebattleat

Gettysburg.

D^ItisworthreadinghistoryaboutGettysburg.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

五、听力短文（含3小题）（本题共6题，每题1.0

分，共6分。）

24、

A、MissStraus.

B、MabelBird.

C、IsidorStraus.

D、MabelBird'sservant.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

25、

A、Togetintothelifeboat.

Tostaywithherhusband.

C^Tobeclosetoherhusband.

D、Tostandarminarmonthedeckwithherhusband.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

26、

A、Herbestfriend.

B、Herheart'struecompanion.

C、Alwaysacomforttohersoul.

D、Alloftheabove.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

27、

A^Shewantedtoputthechildrenfirstintothelifeboat.

B、Shecouldnotbeartoleaveherhusband.

C^Shehelpedherservanttogetintotheboat.

D、Shewastoooldtoputherfootontheedgeoftheboat.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

六、听力短文（含4小题）（本题共4题，每题7.0

分，共4分。）

28、

A、Veryfewwereproduced.

Mostwerekeptonlyashorttime.

C>Mostwerepointedondelicatepaper.

D^Manyhavebeenacquiredbycollectors.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

29、

A、Theexcitementofhunting.

B、Thebeautyofnature.

C、Therelaxationoffishing.

D、Theprotectionofendangeredspecies.

标准答案：A-

知识点解析：哲无解析

30、

A、Toletmanypeopleseetheirworks.

B、Toearnmoneyfromthesaleofcalendars.

C、Toportraythecrueltyofhunting.

D、Tocreategiftsforpeoplewhoboughtthem.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

31、

A、Bicyclesandcars.

B、Buildingcodes.

C^Energyconsenzation.

D、Newhousingconstruction.

标准答案：C'

知识点解析：暂无解析

七、听力复合式听写（本题共〃题，每题1.0分，共

〃分。）

Arecentfilm"TheGodsMustBeCrazy"[Bl]thesocialchangethatcanresult

inasocietyfromtheintroductionofa[B2]itemfromtheoutsideworld.While

a[B3]wasflyinginalightplaneovera[B4]desertinsouthAfrica,he

finishedthesodahewasdrinkingandthrewthebottleoutofthewindow.Itfelltothe

groundinanareawhereanAfrican[B5]lived.Thepeopletherehadalmostno

[B6]orsenseofprivate[B7]Nooneinthesmallsocietyhadseena

sodabottlebefore.And,becauseitcamefromthesky,theybelievedthatitmustbea

[B8]giftfromthegods.Whenthebottlewasfirstfound,[B9]

However,itwasnotlongbefore[BIO].[Bl1]and,asitwas

toldinthefilm,tiesofaffectionwerebrokenandpeople'strustineachotherdestroyed.

32、[Bl]

标准答案：described

知识点解析：暂无解析

33、[B2]

标准答案：single

知识点解析：暂无解析

34、[B3]

标准答案：pilot

知识点解析：暂无解析

35、[B4]

标准答案：remote

知识点解析：暂无解析

36、[B5]

标准答案：trible

知识点解析：暂无解析

37、[B61

标准答案：possessions

知识点解析：暂无解析

38、[B7]

标准答案：property

知识点解析：暂无解析

39、[B8]

标准答案：unique

知识点解析：暂无解析

40、[B9]

标准答案：itwassomethingnewandpeopleofallagesenjoyedadmiringit,playing

withitandthinkingaboutitspurpose.

知识点解析：暂无解析

41、［B10］

标准答案：argumentsandconflictsaroseamonggroupmembersaboutwhowould

possessthebottleandforwhatpurpose.

知识点解析：暂无解析

42、［Bill

标准答案：Theharmonyofthispeacefulsocietywasdisturbedbytheintroductionofa

newitemoftechnology,

知识点解析：暂无解析

八、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共70题，每题1.0

分，共10分。）

Noseshavetheiradvantages.They'recute,theyYeversatile,andthey'resmallenoughto

becarriedaround.Whichmaybewhytheartificialodordetectorsthatengineershave

beenbuildingsincethe1950'stotrytomimictheolfactory（I嗅'觉的）abilitiesofourbuilt-

insensorshavetakensolongtofindtheirwaytothemarket-andthen,inmostcases,

haveflopped（失败）.Butthingsarefinallylookingupfbrtheelectronicnose.Thanksto

advancesinchiptechnologyandpattern-recognitiontechniques,increasinglytinysniffers

（嗅探器）arebeginningtoliveuptotheirmoniker（模仿者）-Todaye-nosesarebeing

testedforeverythingfromdiseasedetectiontodisasterprevention,andlower-prices

modelsarcstartingtocometothemarketincludingan$8,000devicecalledthe

Cyranose320beingintroducedthisweekbyCyranoSciencesofPasadena,Calif.Like

ourproboscises（长鼻子）,e-nosesareonlyasgoodastheirsensors,andallofthem

operateonoilincss（汨D贡）--ratherthantothemoleculeitself.Workingtogether,the

receptorscangenerateuniqueprinciplesremarkablysimilartothoseofarealnose.

Humansdetectodorswithupto650typesofreceptorsfoundoncellshighupinthenasal

passages,somewherebetweenoureyebrows.Howthenoseworksisstillsomethingofa

mystery,butitisbelievedthateachreceptorrespondstoasubtlecharacteristicofa

moleculethatcarriesodor-itspeculiarshape,say,ordegreeof"smellprints**ofawide

varietyofodors,whicharethenparceledofftothebrainandstored.Ine-noses,chemical

sensorsreplacethebody'scellularreceptors,andmicroprocessorssubstituteforthebrain.

"Whatlimitsthesedevicesishowwellthesensorsaredoing,"explainsNathanLewis,the

CaltechchemistwhohelpedinventthesensortechnologylicensedbyCyranoandwho

hassincecontinuedhisresearchindependently.Hecomparesthepowerofc-noscstothe

resolutionofcomputermonitors:"Areyouseeingthev/orldineightshadesofgrayorin

16millioncolors?"

43、Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethat.

A、theartificialnosesareevenbetterthanthehumannoses

ithasnottakenlongfortheartificialnosestobeintroducedtothemarket

C、theattemptsoftheartificialnosestoimitatetheolfactoryabilitieshavebeenlargely

unsuccessful

D^theartificialnoseshavetheirownadvantagesoverthehumannoses

标准答案：C」

知识点解析：细节理解题。该题问从文章中可得知什么，实际上浏览选择项，可以

断定问的是关于“人工鼻子"即“theartificialodordetectors”（人造气味探测器）的问

题。此题涉及到第一段第三句话中的非限制性定语从句的理解“whichmaybe

why...haveflopped”（这大概是工程人员自20世纪五十年代起一直制造的人工气味

探测器，力图模仿我们内嵌的感应器的嗅觉功能和花费了如此长的时间才打入市场

—并且在多数情况下失败了的原因。）因此选项C是正确答案。

44、Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtothephrase"lookingup"（Line1,

Para.2）?

A、Raisingone'seyes.

B、Turningbetter.

C、Searchingfor.

D^Payingavisit.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：语义题v该题测的是对常见短语lookup在特定的语境中的准确理

解。此处的意思是“有所改善”，正确答案是B。

45、Accordingtothepassage,moreandmoretinye-nosesaremeetingtherequirements

ofhumannosesbecauseof.

A、improvementsinchiptechnologyandpattern-recognitiontechniques

B、diseasedetectionanddisasterprevention

C、expensivepricesandpromptintroductionofthemodels

D、improvementsintheolfactoryabilitiesofourbuilt-insensors

标准答案：A

知识点解析：细节理解题。该题问“越来越多的微小的电子鼻达到人鼻的要求”的原

因是什么。根据文章第二段第二句话“Thankstoadvancesinchiptechnologyand

pattern-recognitiontechniques…”（由于晶片技术和图形识别技术方面的进9）,可断

定A项为正确答案。

46、Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.

A、scientistshavediscoveredtheworkingmechanismofthenose

B、humansdetectodorswithalargenumberofreceptorsresponsivetotheodorous

moleculesthemselves

C、thereceptorsintegratevariousresponsestothecharacteristicsofanodorandstore

theminthebrain

D、e-nosesoperateonprinciplestotallydifferentfromthoseofarealnose

标准答案：C

知识点解析：推论题。该题问及人鼻的嗅觉原理。根据文章第三段的最后一句

4tHowthenoseworksisstillsomethingofamystery,butitisbelievedthat...which

arethenparceledofftothebrainandstored.”(鼻子的工作原理仍然是个谜：所知甚

少，但是大家认为，每个接收器对具有特定形状的分子的微妙特点作出反应，或者

是对众多气味的“气味痕”的程度作出反应，而这些印痕则被汇集起来，传送到大脑

存贮。)因此可推出选项C为正确答案。

47、Thepurposeofthewriterinwritingthepassageis.

A、togiveanobjectiveaccountofthee-nose

B、toquestionthewideuseotthee-nose

C、todiscusstheadvantagesofthee-noseoverthehumannose

D、toencouragetheintroductionofthee-nosetothemarketatalowerprice

标准答案：A

知识点解析：主旨题。该题问及这篇文章的写作目的。对于此类的科(普)技文章，

考生可以判定客观性(objective)是惟一的标准，从而做出正确的判断。答案为A“对

电子鼻做一客观报道。”

Duringtimesofgreatcrisis,humanbeingstypicallyturntooneoftwostrategics:fightor

flight.Thereis,however,athirdstrategy:learninganddeepchange.Itisbasedonthe

principlethatallevents,especiallythemosttragic,areripewithopportunitiesfbr

learning.TheSeptember11terroristsdemonstratedexpertise(专门技术)insystems

theory.Theyknewthatcomplexsystemsalwayshavetwosides.Oneiscreativeand

allowsforgreatSpeedandefficiency(forexample,civilaviationaircraftandhigh-rise

officetowers).Theotherispotentiallydestructiveandcangeneratemajor

catastrophes(usingcivilaviationagainstthehigh-risetarget).Allofourcurrentcomplex

systems,includinginformationsystems,biotechnology,airtravel,nuclearpower,andthe

mailsystem,havethesetwomajorcharacteristics.AHaresusceptible(易受影响的)to

organizationalerror(theChallengertragedy),humanerror(Chernobyl),andterrorism

(OklahomaCity).Yetterrorismisthedarkestandmostdangeroussideofourcomplexity.

InthecaseoftheWorldTradeCenter,terroristsdeliberatelyexploitedthe"destructive

side'1ofaircraftandhighlypopulatedofficetowers.Ifonesimplyjoinshijackingwithcar

bombing,andmagnifiestheireffects,thenSeptember11istheresult.Thelessonwemust

learnfromSeptember11isthatourmanagementpractices,privateandpublic,areone-

dimensional.Whetheritiswithregardtocivilaviationsafetyorrealestate,ourworldis

dominatedbyconcernsaboutprofitability.Theseconstrainusfromimplementingneeded

andprovensafetyproceduresinaviationandhigh-riseofficedesign.Thefocuson

profitabilityalsopushesoursystemstogrowunreasonablylarge,renderingthemmore

vulnerabletoterroristattacks.Approximately76%ofthecriteriausedtomeasure

organizationalefficiencyarefinancial.Only24%considernonfinancialindicatorssuch

ashealth,safety,ortheglobalimpactthatorganizationshaveoncommunitiesandthe

worldingeneral.Devotingmoreofourattentiontononfinancialindicatorscanhelpus

developnewstrategiestomatchthecomplexityoffightingterrorism.Thefieldsofrisk

andcrisismanagementalreadyusesomeofthesestrategies.

48、Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A、Alleventsarefullofopportunitiesforlearning.

B、Wecanenhanceourfuturesecuritybylearningmoreaboutoursociety's

complexities.

C、TheSeptember11terroristattackisthemostdestructivedisasterofall.

D、Terrorismposesaformidablethreattointernationalsecurity.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：主旨题。本题要求考生归纳出这篇文章的主旨，C、D两项是文中重

要的细节，可以排除；A项干扰性较强，但仔细研读文章第一段第二、三两句，不

难看出两层意思：“学习和深刻的变化”，而A项只是原理，是这种策略的基础。

49、TheSeptember11terroristattackisanexampleof.

A、thecreativesideofsystemstheory

B、thedestructivesideofsystemstheory

C、theorganizationalsideofsystemstheory

D、thesensationalsideofsystemstheory

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节理解题。本题要求考生判断出9.11恐怖袭击是“thesystems

theory”(系统控制论)的创造性的例证，还是破坏性的例证。根据文章第二、四两

段，答案应为后者。

50、Thefailuretoimplementsafetyproceduresneededinaviationandhigh-riseoffice

designresultsfrom.

A^thegreatspeedandefficiencyofmodernsociety

B、thecomplexityofvariousorganizations

C、themanagementstyle

D^thepredominanceofconcernsaboutprofitability

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节推论题。根据文章第五段内容，我们可知9.II事件给我们的教

训是我们的管理是平面的(one-dimensional),即只关心赢利(concernsabout

profitability),而这种观念在实践中带来两个后果：一是在航空和高层建筑的设计

中忽视必要的安全防范措施，另一后果是片面求大。因此本题正确答案是D项。

51、Whichofthefollowingstatementswilltheauthormostprobablyagreewith?

A、Financialconsiderationsaremoreimportantthannonfinancialones.

B、Nonfinancialconsiderationsaremoreimportantthanfinancialones.

C>Nonfinancialconsiderationsareasimportantasfinancialones.

D^Wehavedevotedmore8fourattentiontononfinancialconsiderationsthanis

necessary.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：推论题。从文章最后一段中的百分比的对比和第三句"Devotingmore

ofourattentiontononfinancialindicatorscanhelpus..."，可以断定C项是正确答案。

52、Thepassagewillmostprobablybefollowedbyadiscussionof.

A^somestrategiesofriskandcrisismanagement

theglobalimpactofterrorism

C、themeasurementoforganizationalefficiency

D、thedevelopmentofnonfinancialorganizations

标准答案：A」

知识点解析：写作思路题。做此类题务必要仔细阅读文章的开头或结尾，尤其是第

一个和最后一个单词或短语，如本题中的“thesestrategies^o

九、完型填空（本题共20题，每题1.0分，共20分。）

Weknowthekissasaformofexpressing.Butlongbeforeitbecame[Cl].it

wasthecustominmanypartsoftheworldtousethekissasa（n）[C2]of

respect.InmanyAfricantribesthenatives[C3]thegroundoverwhichachief

haswalked.Kissingthehandandfoothasbeenamarkofrespectfromthe[C4]

times.TheearlyRomanskissedthemouthoreyes[C5]aformof

dignifiedgreeting.OneRomanemperorallowedhisimportantnoblestokisshislips,but

the[C6]importantoneshadtokisshishands,andthe[C7].important

oneswere[C8]allowedtokisshisfeet!Itisquiteprobablethatkissasaform

ofaffectioncanbetracedbacktoprimitivetimeswhenamother[C9]fondle（爱

抚）herchild,justasamother[CIO]today.Itonlyremainedforsocietyto

[Cl1]thisasacustomforexpressingaffectionbetweenadults.Wehave

evidencethatthiswasalreadythe[C12]bythetimeofthesixthcentury,butwe

canonlyassumeitwas[C13]longbeforethat.Thefirst[C14]where

thekissbecameacceptedincourtshipandlovewasinFrance.Whendancingbecame'

popular,almosteverydancefigureended[C15]akiss.FromFrancethekiss

spreadrapidlyalloverEurope.Russia,whichlovedto[C16]thecustomsof

France,adoptedthekissanditspreadtherethroughalltheupper[C17]Akiss

fromtheTsarbecame【Cl8】ofthehighestformsofrecognitionfromthe

Crown.Intime,thekissbecameapartofcourtship.[C19]marriagecustoms

developed,thekissbecameapartoftheweddingceremony.Today,ofcourse,weregard

thekissasanexpressionofloveandtenderness.Buttherearestillmanyplacesinthe

worldwherethekissis[C20]offormalceremoniesandisintendedtoconvey

respect.

53、[Cl]

A、it

B、one

C、this

D、itself

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题考查代词用法。此处空格应指代前面所说的“吻是表达爱的方

式“，this符合题意要求，故正确。

54、[C2]

A、custom

B、tradition

C、affection

D、expression

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题考查名词辨析。本句题意为：但是在吻成为表达爱的方式之前很

久,在世界上很多国家，用吻来表达尊重是一种风俗。expression正好与第一句中

的expressing对应，所以D为正确答案。custom（风俗），tradilion（传统）和

affection（爱）均不合题意。

55、[C3]

A、watch

B、kiss

C、touch

D、greet

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题考查动词辨析。本句句意为：在非洲很多部落，当地人亲吻首领

走过的地面。显然kiss与句意吻合,故正确。watch（观看），touch（触摸）和greet（问

候）均不合题意。

56、[C4]

A、latest

B、earliest

C、longest

D、eldest

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题考查形容词最高级。earliesttimes意为“最早时”，符合题意故正

确。eldest只能表示最年长的，不能表示最古老的，因而不正确。latest（最近的）和

longest（最长的）均不合题意。

57、[C