英语一阅读理解考研真题

英语一阅读理解考研真题

英语一阅读理解考研真题1

Text2

AnewsurveybyHarvardUniversityfindsmorethan

two-thirdsofyoungAmericansdisapproveofPresident

Trump,suseofTwitter.Theimplicationisthat

MillennialsprefernewsfromtheWhiteHousetobe

filteredthroughothersource,Notapresident,s

socialmediaplatform.

MostAmericansrelyonsocialmediatocheckdaily-

headlines.Yetasdistrusthasrisentowardallmedia,

peoplemaybestartingtobeefuptheirmedia

literacyskills.Suchatrendisbadlyneeded.During

the20XXpresidentialcampaign,nearlyaquarterof

webcontentsharedbyTwitterusersinthe

politicallycriticalstateofMichiganwasfakenews,

accordingtotheUniversityofOxford,Andasurvey

conductedforBuzzFeedNewsfound44percentof

Facebookusersrarelyornevertrustnewsfromthe

mediagiant.

Youngpeoplewhoaredigitalnativesareindeed

beingmoreskillfulatseparatingfactfromfiction

incyberspace*AKnightFoundationfocus-groupsurvey

ofyoungpeoplebetweenages14and24foundtheyuse

“distributedtrustwtoverifystories.Theycross­

checksourcesandprefernewsfromdifferent

perspectives—especiallythosethatareopenabout

anybias."Manyyoungpeopleassumeagreatdealof

personalresponsibilityforeducatingthemselvesand

activelyseekingoutopposingviewpoints,wthe

surveyconcluded.

Suchactiveresearchcanhaveanothereffect.A

20XXsurveyconductedinAustralia,Britain,andthe

UnitedStatesbytheUniversityofWisconsin-Madison

foundthatyoungpeople'srelianceonsocialmedia

ledtogreaterpoliticalengagement.

Socialmediaallowsuserstoexperiencenews

eventsmoreintimatelyandimmediatelywhilealso

permittingthemtore-sharenewsasaprojectionof

theirvaluesandinterests.Thisforcesuserstobe

moreconsciousoftheirroleinpassingalong

information.AsurveybyBarnaresearchgroupfound

thetopreasongivenbyAmericansforthefakenews

phenomenonis"readererror,wmoresothanmade-up

storiesorfactualmistakesinreporting.Abouta

thirdsaytheproblemoffakenewsliesin

^misinterpretationorexaggerationofactualnewsn

viasocialmedia.Inotherwords,thechoicetoshare

newsonsocialmediamaybetheheartoftheissue.

“Thisindicatesthereisarealpersonal

responsibilityincounteractingthisproblem,"says

RoxanneStone,editorinchiefatBarnaGroup.

Sowhenyoungpeoplearecriticalofanover­

tweetingpresident,theyrevealamentaldiscipline

inthinkingskills-andintheirchoicesonwhento

shareonsocialmedia.

26.AccordingtotheParagraphs1and2,many

youngAmericanscastdoubtson

[A]thejustificationofthenews-filtering

practice.

[B]people?spreferenceforsocialmedia

platforms.

[C]theadministrationsabilitytohandle

information.

[D]socialmediawasareliablesourceofnews.

27.Thephrase"beerup"(Line2,Para.2)is

closestinmeaningto

[A]sharpen

[B]define

[C]boast

[D]share

28.Accordingtotheknightfoundationsurvey,

youngpeople

[A]tendtovoicetheiropinionsincyberspace.

[B]verifynewsbyreferringtodiverseresources.

[C]havesstrongsenseofresponsibility.

[D]liketoexchangeviewsonadistributed

trust”

29.TheBarnasurveyfoundthatamaincausefor

thefakenewsproblemis

[A]readersoutdatedvalues.

[B]journalists'biasedreporting

[C]readers,misinterpretation

[D]journalistsJmade-upstories.

30.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitle

forthetext?

[A]ARiseinCriticalSkillsforSharingNews

Online

[B]ACounteractionAgainsttheOver-tweeting

Trend

[C]TheAccumulationofMutualTrustonSocial

Media.

[D]ThePlatformsforProjectionofPersonal

Interests.

英语一阅读理解考研真题2

TEXT2

JusthowmuchdoestheConstitutionprotectyour

digitaldata?TheSupremeCourtwillnowconsider

whetherpolicecansearchthecontentsofamobile

phonewithoutawarrantifthephoneisonoraround

apersonduringanarrest.

Californiahasaskedthejusticestorefrainfrom

asweepingruling,particularlyonethatupsetsthe

oldassumptionsthatauthoritiesmaysearchthrough

thepossessionsofsuspectsatthetimeoftheir

arrest.Itishard,thestateargues,forjudgesto

assesstheimplicationsofnewandrapidlychanging

technologies.

Thecourtwouldberecklesslymodestifit

followedCalifornia1sadvice.Enoughofthe

implicationsarediscernable,evenobvious,sothat

thejusticecanandshouldprovideupdatedguidelines

topolice,lawyersanddefendants.

TheyshouldstartbydiscardingCalifornia1slame

argumentthatexploringthecontentsofasmartphone-

avaststorehouseofdigitalinformationissimilar

tosay,goingthroughasuspect*spurse.Thecourt

hasruledthatpolicedonrtviolatetheFourth

Amendmentwhentheygothroughthewalletor

pocketbook,ofanarresteewithoutawarrant.But

exploringonerssmartphoneismorelikeenteringhis

orherhome.Asmartphonemaycontainanarrestee*s

readinghistory,financialhistory,medicalhistory

andprehensiverecordsofrecentcorrespondence.The

developmentof"cloudputing.Hmeanwhile,hasmade

thatexplorationsomuchtheeasier.

ButthejusticesshouldnotswallowCalifornia1s

argumentwhole.New,disruptivetechnologysometimes

demandsnovelapplicationsoftheConstitution's

protections.OrinKerr,alawprofessor,paresthe

explosionandaccessibilityofdigitalinformationin

the21stcenturywiththeestablishmentofautomobile

useasadigitalnecessityoflifeinthe20th:The

justiceshadtospecifynovelrulesforthenew

personaldomainofthepassengercarthen；theymust

sortouthowtheFourthAmendmentappliestodigital

informationnow.

26.TheSupremecourt,willworkoutwhether,

duringanarrest,itislegitimateto

[A]searchforsuspects*mobilephoneswithouta

warrant.

[B]checksuspects1phonecontentswithoutbeing

authorized.

[C]preventsuspectsfromdeletingtheirphone

contents,

[D]prohibitsuspectsfromusingtheirmobile

phones.

27.TheauthorfsattitudetowardCalifornia1s

argumentisoneof

[A]tolerance.

[B]indifference.

[C]disapproval.

[D]cautiousness.

28.Theauthorbelievesthatexploringone'sphone

contentisparableto

[A]gettingintoone*sresidence.

[B]handingone'shistoricalrecords.

[C]scanningone'scorrespondences.

[D]goingthroughone1swallet.

29.InParagraph5and6,theauthorshowshis

concernthat

[A]principlesarehardtobeclearlyexpressed.

[B]thecourtisgivingpolicelessroomfor

action*

[C]phonesareusedtostoresensitiveinformation.

[D]citizens*privacyisnoteffectiveprotected.

30.OrinKerrfsparisonisquotedtoindicatethat

(A)theConstitutionshouldbeimplementedflexibly.

(B)Newtechnologyrequiresreinterpretationofthe

Constitution.

(C)California1sargumentviolatesprinciplesof

theConstitution.

(D)PrinciplesoftheConstitutionshouldneverbe

altered.

英语一阅读理解考研真题3

Text2

WhenLiamMcGeedepartedaspresidentofBankof

AmericainAugust,hisexplanationwassurprisingly

straightup.Ratherthancloakinghisexitinthe

usualvagueexcuses,hecamerightoutandsaidhe

wasleaving,topursuemygoalofrunningapany.”

Broadcastinghisambitionwas"verymuchmy

decision,“McGeesays.Withintwoweeks,hewas

talkingforthefirsttimewiththeboardofHartford

FinancialServicesGroup,whichnamedhimCEOand

chairmanonSeptember29.

McGeesaysleavingwithoutapositionlinedup

gavehimtimetoreflectonwhatkindofpanyhe

wantedtorun.Italsosentaclearmessagetothe

outsideworldabouthisaspirations.AndMcGeeisn't

alone.InrecentweekstheNo.2executivesatAvon

andAmericanExpressquitwiththeexplanationthat

theywerelookingforaCEOpost.Asboards

scrutinizesuccessionplansinresponseto

shareholderpressure,executiveswhodon'tgetthe

nodalsomaywishtomoveon.Aturbulentbusiness

environmentalsohasseniormanagerscautiousof

lettingvaguepronouncementscloudtheirreputations.

Asthefirstsignsofrecoverybegintotake

hold,deputychiefsmaybemorewillingtomakethe

jumpwithoutanet.Inthethirdquarter,CEO

turnoverwasdown23%fromayearagoasnervous

boardsstuckwiththeleaderstheyhad,accordingto

LiberumResearch.Astheeconomypicksup,

opportunitieswillaboundforaspiringleaders.

Thedecisiontoquitaseniorpositiontolookfor

abetteroneisunconventional.Foryearsexecutives

andheadhuntershaveadheredtotherulethatthe

mostattractiveCEOcandidatesaretheoneswhomust

bepoached.SaysKorn/FerryseniorpartnerDennis

Carey："Ican'tthinkofasinglesearchVvedone

whereaboardhasnotinstructedmetolookat

sittingCEOsfirst.n

Thosewhojumpedwithoutajobhaven'talways

landedintoppositionsquickly.EllenMarramquitas

chiefofTropicanaadecadeage,sayingshewanted

tobeaCEO.Itwasayearbeforeshebecameheadof

atinyInternet-basedmoditiesexchange.Robert

WillumstadleftCitigroupin20XXwithambitionsto

beaCEO.Hefinallytookthatpostatamajor

financialinstitutionthreeyearslater.

Manyrecruiterssaytheolddisgraceisfadingfor

topperformers.Thefinancialcrisishasmadeitmore

acceptabletobebetweenjobsortoleaveabadone.

“Thetraditionalrulewasit'ssafertostaywhere

youare,butthat'sbeenfundamentallyinverted,“

saysoneheadhunter."Thepeoplewho'vebeenhurt

theworstarethosewho'vestayedtoolong.w

26.WhenMcGeeannouncedhisdeparture,his

mannercanbestbedescribedasbeing

[A]arrogant.

[B]frank.

[C]self-centered.

[D]impulsive*

27.AccordingtoParagraph2,senior

executives'quittingmaybespurredby

[A]theirexpectationofbetterfinancialstatus.

[B]theirneedtoreflectontheirprivatelife.

[C]theirstrainedrelationswiththeboards.

[D]theirpursuitofnewcareergoals.

28.Theword"poached”(Line3,Paragraph4)

mostprobablymeans

[A]approvedof.

[B]attendedto.

[C]huntedfor.

[D]guardedagainst.

29.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph

that

[A]topperformersusedtoclingtotheirposts.

[B]loyaltyoftopperformersisgettingout-dated.

[C]topperformerscaremoreaboutreputations,

[D]it'ssafertosticktothetraditionalrules.

30.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitlefor

thetext?

[A]CEOS：WheretoGo?

[B]CEOs：AlltheWayUp?

[C]TopManagersJumpwithoutaNet

[D]TheOnlyWayOutforTopPerformers

英语一阅读理解考研真题4

Text2

Anoldsayinghasitthathalfofalladvertising

budgetsarewasted-thetroubleis,nooneknowswhich

half•Intheinternetage,atleastintheory,this

fractioncanbemuchreduced.Bywatchingwhat

peoplesearchfor,clickonandsayonline,panies

canaim"behavioural,adsatthosemostlikelyto

buy.

Inthepastcoupleofweeksaquarrelhas

illustratedthevaluetoadvertisersofsuchfine­

grainedinformation：Shouldadvertisersassumethat

peoplearehappytobetrackedandsentbehavioural

ads?Orshouldtheyhaveexplicitpermission?

InDecember20XXAmerica'sFederalTrade

Cornmission(FTC)proposedaddinga"donottrack

w(DNT)optiontointernetbrowsers,sothatusers

couldtelladwertisersthattheydidnotwanttobe

followed.Microsoft1sInternetExplorerandApple*s

SafaribothofferDNT；Google1sChromeisduetodo

sothisyear.InFebruarytheFTCandDigital

AdwertisingAlliance(DAA)agreedthattheindustry

wouldgetcrackingonrespongingtoDNTrequests.

OnMay31stMicrosoftSetofftherow：Itsaid

thatInternetExplorer10,theversionduetoappear

windows8,wouldhaveDNTasadefault.

Itisnotyetclearhowadvertiserswillrespond.

GetingaDNTsignaldoesnotobligeanyonetostop

tracking,althoughsomepanieshavepromisedtodoso.

Unabletotellwhethersomeonereallyobjectsto

behaviouraladsorwhethertheyarestickingwith

Microsoftsdefault,somemayignoreaDNTsignal

andpressonanyway.

AlsouncleariswhyMicrosofthasgoneitalone.

Atterall,ithasanadbusinesstoo,whichitsays

willplywithDNTrequests,thoughitisstill

workingouthow.IfitistryingtoupsetGoogle,

whichreli