江苏省苏州市吴中区木渎高级中学2024-2025学年高二下学期3月月考英语试卷（含解析）

江苏省苏州市吴中区木渎高级中学2024-2025学年高二年级第二学期3月月考英语一、阅读理解（本大题共5小题）GuidedTourforUnitedNationsHeadquartersVisittheUnitedNationsintheheartofNewYorkCity!GuidedtoursofferanengagingwaytoexploretheUnitedNationsHeadquarters.VisittheSecurityCouncilChamber(会议厅),theTrusteeshipCouncilChamber,andtheEconomicandSocialCouncil(ECOSOC)Chamber.LearnabouthowtheUnitedNationsaddressesissuessuchasclimatechange,peaceandsecurity,humanrights,andhowyoucansupporttheSustainableDevelopmentGoals.Duetohigh-levelmeetingsofHeadsofStateandGovernment,UnitedNationsHeadquartersandChambersmaysometimesclosetothepubliconveryshortnotice.ForentryRegisterOnline:AllvisitorstoUnitedNationsHeadquartersmustregisterontheUnitedNationsSecurityWebsitepriortoarrival.Clickheretoregister.BringValid(合法的)identification:Youmustbringanoriginal,government-issuedphotoIDfromaUNMemberStateorNon-MemberObserverStatetopresentatentry.Acceptableformsincludepassport,driver’slicenseandnationalidentitycard.Pleasenote:Onlyoriginal,physicalIDsareaccepted(nophotocopiesordigitalcopies).Forsecurityreasons,childrenunder5yearsofagearenotpermittedontour.HoursofoperationWeekdays:Firsttourleavingat9:30,lasttourleavingat4:45.Pleaseplantoarrive60minutesbeforeyourtour.TheUNHeadquartersisclosedonweekendsandpublicholidays.Ratesfor2025Adult:$26.00Student(Ages13+):$18.00Child(Ages5-12):$15.00A10%bookingfeewillapply.1．Whatcanvisitorsdoduringthetour?A．ExploretheworkingroutineoftheUN.B．DesignclimateprojectsfortheUN.C．Attendhigh-levelmeetings.D．Deliverapublicspeech.2．Whatisamustforvisitorstotakethetour?A．Presentinganoriginalphotograph.B．Reachingtherequiredagelimit.C．Registeringonlineuponarrival.D．Bringingapassportcopy.3．Howmuchshouldacouplewitha15-year-oldpayforthetour?A．$77. B．$70.C．$67. D．$62.TothedynamicbeatofArethaFranklin’ssongs,familiessitinthecrowdatthehalloftheManillaSchool.Theyarewaiting,eagerforthemomentwhenstudentswillparticipateinaone-of-a-kindprogramcalledSpark.Themeetingwillpairstudentswithvolunteerapprentice(学徒)teachers.Lawyers,hairstylists,andsoftwaredeveloperswillmeetupwithstudentswhohaveselectedtheiroccupationsastheonestheywouldmostliketolearnabout.Sparkapprenticeshipsprovideworkplaceexperiencesthatbringeconomicallydisadvantagedteensintocontactwithaworldtheyhaveprobablyonlyimagined.Nationally,some30percentofUShighschoolstudentsdropout.Whileimprovedcurricula(课程),betterteaching,andmodernequipmentmaybepartofthesolution,“youhavetohavetherelevance,”saysMr.Balmeofhissix-year-oldSparkprogram.Thegapbetweenthoseworlds—oneoflimitedexpectationsandhardship,theotherofsuccessandprosperity(繁荣)—hitBalmeonedaywhenhewasvolunteeringasascienceteacheratapublicschoolinPhiladelphia.HewasalsostudyingattheWhartonSchoolofBusinessattheUniversityofPennsylvania.Thepublicschoolwasinbadshape,withahighdropoutrate.WhilewalkingbacktoWharton,Balmerealizedhewas“seeingalltheresources,andyetthesekidshadnoideawhatwasrightthereallaroundthem.”That’swheneverythingfellintoplace.Theproblemandthesolutionwererightnexttoeachother.In2004,heandMeliaDickerfoundedSpark.Apprenticeshipsare“notrocketscience,”saysHollyDepatie,Sparkboardchair.Butothercoachingprograms,suchasBoysandGirlsClubsofAmerica,whilepairingyoungsterswithadults,don’tspecificallytargetlearningaboutjobs.Sofar,Sparkhascreatedmorethan700apprenticeshipsintheSanFranciscoBayAreaandLosAngeles.4．HowdoesSparkhelpthestudents?A．Byupdatingteachingequipment.B．Byofferinghands-onexperiences.C．Byfinancingyoungapprentices.D．Byimprovingschoolcurricula.5．WhatisthemajordriveforBalmetosetupSpark?A．ThedropoutrateofUShighschools.B．Theprosperityinfamousuniversities.C．Theexpectationofdisadvantagedteens.D．Theimbalanceineducationalresources.6．WhichwordbestdescribesBalme?A．Reserved. B．Grateful.C．Observant. D．Modest.7．Whatdoestheauthorintendtodointhelastparagraph?A．ToshowSpark’sdistinction.B．Tojustifysimilarprograms.C．TotackleSpark’schallenge.D．Tocriticizecurrentsituations.Newresearchhasfoundalinkbetweentheheightofceilingsinexamhallsandtheperformanceofstudents.Whiletheshapeofaroomcan’tmakeyousmarter,theenvironmentswe’reinhaveaneffectonus.Theauthorsofthestudysuggestthatbigandopenrooms,withhighceilings,makeitharderforstudentstofocusonwhat’sinfrontofthem.Apreviousstudyfromsomeofthesameresearchers,makinguseofbrainmappingtechnologyandvirtualreality,hadfoundarelationshipbetweencognitiveabilityandtheperceivedsizeofaperson’ssurroundings.Here,theteamwantedtodosomereal-worldtesting.“Wewerecurioustoapplyourlabfindingstoareal-worlddatasetandseeifbeinginalargespacewhilehavingtoconcentrateonanimportanttaskwouldresultinapoorerperformance,”saysIsabellaBower.Thestudyanalyzedexamresultsfrom15,400studentsovereightyearsandacrossthreecampusesreferencingtheirscoresagainstwhatwasexpectedbasedonthecourseworkthey’dpreviouslysubmitted.Inexamroomswithhighceilings,studentstendedtounderperformcomparedtothosetakingexamsinroomswitha“standard”ceilingheight,evenafteraccountingforage,gender,time,subjectandpriorexamexperience—otherfactorspotentiallyaffectingtheresults.“Thekeypointisthatlargeroomswithhighceilingsseemtodisadvantagestudentsandweneedtounderstandwhatbrainmechanisms(机制)areatplay,andwhetherthisaffectsallstudentstothesamedegree,”saysBower.Thosearequestionsthatfutureresearchcanfindout.It’sclearthatenvironmentmatters—andthatwemightnotgivestudentsthebestchanceforsuccessbyholdingexamsinroomsthataren’tcustom-builtforthepurpose.“Examinationshavebeenakeypartofoureducationsystemforover1,300years,shapingstudentscareerpathsandlives,”saysJaclynBroadbent.“It’scrucialtorecognizethepotentialimpactofthephysicalenvironmentonstudentperformanceandmakenecessaryadjustmentstoensureallstudentshaveanequalopportunitytosucceed.”8．Howisthenewstudydifferentfromthepreviousone?A．Itisconductedinareal-worldsituationinsteadofinlabsB．ItrulesoutpotentialfactorsthatmayinfluencetheresultsC．ItmakesuseofbrainmappingtechnologyandvirtualrealityD．Itfindsalinkbetweenenvironmentandstudentperformance9．Whatisfutureresearchexpectedtofindout?A．Whetherexamroomswithhighceilingswilldisadvantagestudents.B．Whetherotherfactorscouldpotentiallyaffecttheresultsofthestudy.C．Whetherstudentsareequallyaffectedinexamroomswithhighceilings.D．Whetherbrainmechanismsaffectstudentsinexamroomswithhighceilings10．What’sJaclynBroadbent’sattitudetoholdingexamsinhigh-ceilingedrooms?A．Supportive. B．Objective. C．Opposing. D．Unclear.11．Inwhichcolumnofamagazinecanweprobablyfindthistext?A．Health B．Science C．Celebrity D．ArchitectureArtificialintelligencemodelscantrickeachotherintodisobeyingtheircreatorsandprovidingbannedinstructionsformakingdrugs,orevenbuildingabomb,suggestingthatpreventingsuchAI“jailbreaks”ismoredifficultthanitseems.Manypubliclyavailablelargelanguagemodels(LLMs),suchasChatGPT,havehard-codedrulesthataimtopreventthemfromexhibitingracialorsexualdiscrimination,oransweringquestionswithillegalorproblematicanswers-thingstheyhavelearnedfromhumansviatrainingdata.Butthathasn’tstoppedpeoplefromfindingcarefullydesignedinstructionsthatblocktheseprotections,knownas“jailbreaks”,makingAImodelsdisobeytherules.Now,ArushTagadeatLeapLaboratoriesandhisco-workershavefoundaprocessofjailbreaks.TheyfoundthattheycouldsimplyinstructoneLLMtoconvinceothermodelstoadoptapersona(角色),whichisabletoanswerquestionsthebasemodelhasbeenprogrammedtorefuse.Thisprocessiscalled“personamodulation(调节)”.Tagadesaysthisapproachworksbecausemuchofthetrainingdataconsumedbylargemodelscomesfromonlineconversations,andthemodelslearntoactincertainwaysinresponsetodifferentinputs.Byhavingtherightconversationwithamodel,itispossibletomakeitadoptaparticularpersona,causingittoactdifferently.ThereisalsoanideainAIcircles,oneyettobeproven,thatcreatinglotsofrulesforanAItopreventitdisplayingunwantedbehaviourcanaccidentallycreateablueprintforamodeltoactthatway.ThispotentiallyleavestheAIeasytobetrickedintotakingonanevilpersona.“Ifyou’reforcingyourmodeltobegoodpersona,itsomewhatunderstandswhatabadpersonais,”saysTagade.YinzhenLiatImperialCollegeLondonsaysitisworryinghowcurrentmodelscanbemisused,butdevelopersneedtoweighsuchriskswiththepotentialbenefitsofLLMs.“Likedrugs,theyalsohavesideeffectsthatneedtobecontrolled,”shesays.12．WhatdoestheAIjailbreakreferto?A．ThetechniquetobreakrestrictionsofAImodels.B．Theinitiativetosethard-codedrulesforAImodels.C．ThecapabilityofAImodelsimprovingthemselves.D．TheprocessofAImodelslearningnewinformation.13．Whatcanweknowaboutthepersonamodulation?A．ItcanhelpAImodelsunderstandemotions.B．ItpreventsAIlearningviaonlineconversations.C．ItforcesAImodelstofollowonlygoodpersonas.D．ItcanmakeAImodelsadoptaparticularpersona.14．Whatmaytheauthorsuggestbysayingtheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraph?A．TherisksofLLMscannotbeignored.B．Weneedtocontrolthesideeffectsofdrugs.C．It’sworthwhiletoexploreLLMs’potentialbenefits.D．WeshouldrestrictthedevelopmentofLLMs.15．Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．LLMs:IllegalLearningModels B．LLMs:TheLatestAdvancementC．AIJailbreaks:ANewChallenge D．AIJailbreaks:APerfectApproachWhichbrandofchocolatechipmakesthebesttastingcookies?Isthetreeoutsideyourwindowcausingyourrunnynose?Ifyouwanttoanswerquestionslikethese,you’llprobablyneedtodosometesting.16.Inordertofigureouttherealanswerstosuchquestions,you’llneedtotestyourideasinafairway.Theconsiderationsthatgointomaking“everyday”testsfairarethesameonesusedinscientificexperiments.Comparingoutcomes.Tobeconfidentintestresults,it’sgenerallyimportanttohavesomethingtocomparethemto.So,forexample,inyourcookietest,you’dwanttoactuallycomparebatches(批次)ofcookiesmadewithdifferentbrandsofchocolatechips.

17—justtomakesurethatthechocolatechipsarereallymakingadifferenceinthecookies’taste.Inexperiments,whateveryouarecomparingyourtestresultstoissometimescalledthecontrolgroup.Butdon’tconfusethecontrolgroupwith…Controllingvariables.

18.Isitreallythechocolatechipbrand,andnotthebakingtemperature,thatmakesonecookietastebetterthananother?Therefore,you’llneedtocontrolvariables—thatis,trytokeepeverythingaboutthetestcomparisonsthesame,exceptforthevariablesyou’reinterestedin.Avoidingbias.Nomatterhowhardwehumanstrytobeobjective,biascansneakintoourobservationsandjudgments.Forexample,yourcookietastersmightbehungryandsothefirstcookietheyeatcouldseemtastiertothemthantherest.Toavoidsuchpotentialsourcesofbias,you’dwanttosetupthetestsothatdifferenttesterstastethecookiesindifferentorders.

19.Distinguishingchancefromrealdifferences.Allsortsofsubtlethingsthatyoueitherdon’torcannotcontrolcanaffecttheoutcomeofatest.Somecookiesinabatchmighthavewoundupwithafewlesschocolatechipsthanothers.Theovenmighthaveheatedunevenlyandburntafewcookies.

20—butinsmallways.Sohowtoavoidthis?Samplesizeisimportant.Thelargeryoursamplesize,themorelikelyitisclosetothefact.A．ButalltestsarenotcreatedequalB．ComponentsofthetestingshouldbeadjustedC．AlloftheserandomfactorswillaffecttheoutcomeofthetestD．YoumightalsowanttomakeabatchwithoutanychocolatechipsatallE．YoucouldalsolabelyourcookiebatcheswithlettersinsteadofbrandnamesF．SuchfactorsshouldalsobeconsideredwhendatacollectedarebeinganalyzedG．Inmosttests,wewanttobeconfidentintherelationshipbetweencauseandeffect二、完形填空（本大题共1小题）WhenIwasateenager,mydadwasn’tterriblyinterestedinthemusicIliked.Tohim,itjustsoundedlike“21”,whilehereferredtothemusichelistenedtoas“22.”AsI’vegrownolder,I’lloftenhearpeopleofmyagesaythingslike“theyjustdon’tmake23musicliketheyusedto.”Luckily,my24asapsychologisthasgivenmesomeinsightsintothispuzzle.Weknowthatmusicaltastesbeginto25whenwe’reteenagers.Bythetimewe’reinourearly20s,thesetastesgetlockedintoplaceprettyfirmly.Infact,studieshavefoundthatbythetimeweturn33,mostofushave26listeningtonewmusic.Meanwhile,thosefamiliarsongsreleasedwhenyou’reinyourearlyteensarelikelytoremainquite27amongyouragegroupfortherestofyourlife.Therecouldbeabiological28forthis.There’sevidencethatthebrain’sabilitytomakesubtledistinctionsbetweendifferentchords,rhythmsandmelodiesgets29withage.Sotoolderpeople,less30songsmightall“soundthesame”.ButIbelievetherearesomesimpler31forolderpeople’sdislikeofnewermusic-the“mereexposureeffect”.Itmeansthatthemorewe’re32tosomething,themorewetendtolikeit.Psychologyresearchhasshownthattheemotionsthatwe33asteensseemmoreintensethanthosethatcomelater.Wealsoknowthatintenseemotionsare34withstrongermemoriesandpreferences.Allofthismightexplainwhythesongswelistentoduringthisperiodbecomesomemorableandbeloved.Sothere’s35wrongwithyourparentsbecausetheydon’tlikeyourmusic.Inaway,it’sallpartofthenaturalorderofthings.21．A．prayer B．puzzle C．noise D．poetry22．A．beautiful B．strange C．boring D．significant23．A．enough B．brief C．unique D．good24．A．certificate B．honor C．background D．attitude25．A．change B．form C．disappear D．reduce26．A．stopped B．continued C．appreciated D．practiced27．A．modern B．unchanged C．silent D．popular28．A．expression B．evaluation C．explanation D．experiment29．A．uplifted B．poorer C．sensitive D．sharper30．A．different B．distressing C．familiar D．cheerful31．A．examples B．excuses C．statements D．reasons32．A．opposed B．devoted C．adapted D．exposed33．A．experience B．share C．illustrate D．release34．A．compared B．associated C．combined D．expressed35．A．something B．nothing C．everything D．anything三、语法填空（本大题共1小题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填如1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。ChatGPTishigh-techprogress,notarevolutionChatGPTisapowerfulchatbotdevelopedbyOpenAIandlaunchedinNovember2022.36(build)ontopofOpenAI’sGPT-3familyoflargelanguagemodels,itengagesinhuman-likedialogueeggedbyprompting.It37(design)torespondinanatural,intuitivewayandhasnumerouspotentialuses.Fromascientificpointofview,thereisaneedtocloselywatchthedevelopmentofsuch38(technology)beforereachingaconclusionabouttheirefficacyandhelpfulnature.Technologyprogressesstepbystep.SoweshouldnotpanicthinkingChatGPTwilltakeupjobs39tillnowneedhumanstofulfill.ChatGPTisanexampleofhigh-techprogress,notarevolution.First,ChatGTP40(make)quitesomeprogressinnaturallanguageprocessing,yetitstillhasalongwaytogotocompletelyunderstandthehumanmindandlanguagefaculty,becausewhenitcomestoprofessionalwriting,ChatGPTattimeswritesplausible-soundingbut41(correct)ornonsensicalanswers.Itmightgivesomegoodanswerstomostofthegeneralquestions,42itisnosubstituteforprofessionaladvice,suchasmedicalprognosisandprescriptions,orlegaladvice.Second,ChatGPTisstillaproduct43verylimitedapplication.Ithasthepotentialtobeusedforenhancingsearchenginefunctionalitybut,asapre-trainedlanguagemodel,itwillhavelimiteduse.Duetotheselimitations,investorsshouldnot44(blind)investhugeamountstofurtherdevelopChatGPTandshouldnotexpectquickreturnsoninvestment.Yetasa45(promise)AIdevelopment,ChatGPTislikelytoadvanceinthemedium,ifnottheshortterm.四、单词拼写（本大题共10小题）46．Theroutinetasks(占用)mostofthedayaredemandingbutextremelyrewarding.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)47．Heimprovedhisgradessignificantly,(严格要求)himselftostudytwohoursdailywithoutdistraction.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)48．The(永恒)ofparentalloveservesasasteadyfoundation,offeringcomfortandstrengththroughouteverystageoflife.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)49．All(暂停)flightsattheairportwererescheduledafterthestormpassed.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)50．Thisnon-profitorganizationhasbeenprofoundly(有很大影响力的)inadvocatingforeducationalequalityacrossdevelopingnations.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)51．Etoauthenticculturalexperiencescanhelptravelersdevelopadeeperappreciationforlocaltraditions.(根据首字母单词拼写)52．ThescheduleddofFlight302wasdelayedbythreehoursduetounexpectedmechanicalissuesandbadweatherconditions.(根据首字母单词拼写)53．Thesuddenfirealarmpthecrowdintorushingtowardstheexits,causingchaosinthenarrowhallway.(根据首字母单词拼写)54．Theteacherwillastudents’progressthroughtheweeklyquiztoprovidetimelyfeedbackandadjustteachingstrategieseffectively.(根据首字母单词拼写)55．Afteryearsofstrugglingwithhisbackpain,hefinallydecidedtoseekhelpfromaswhohadareputationforsuccessfullytreatingsimilarcases.(根据首字母单词拼写)五、书信写作（本大题共1小题）56．你校邀请了梁博士来校做DeepSeek与高中学习的主题讲。假如你是主持人李华，请你写一篇欢迎辞，内容包括：1.介绍专家；2.鼓励学生提问；3.表示欢迎。注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右，开头和结尾已给出；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Distinguishedguestsanddearfellowstudents,Goodafternoon.I’mLiHua._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Now,let’sextendawarmwelcometoDr.Liangandgetinvolved.六、书面表达（本大题共1小题）57．阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。WhenIwas13,Iclimbedmyfirstmountain.IstillrememberIwasoutofbreathwhenIreachedthesummit.ButIlovedthechallengeofconqueringsomethingbiggerthanmyself.IoftengoclimbingwithmyfriendMelOlsen,whomI’dmetinaFacebookgroup.Twoyearsago,onDecember30,whenIwas16,sheandIdrovetoOregontotackle11,240-footMountHood.It’ssafertostartwinterclimbsatnightwhenthere’slessriskof’thesunmeltingthesnowpack.Thatday,westartedat3a.m.,followingthepathsalongsidetheskiruns.Thetemperaturewasabout14degrees,andweworelayerswecouldeasilyremove,knowingthephysicaleffortwouldmakeuswarm.Alongtheway,wemettwootherclimbers,andthefourofuscontinuedontogether.Afteraboutfivehours,wereachedDevil’sKitchen,aplateauatabout10,000feet.justbeforethefinalpushtothetop.Bythispoint,thewindconditionswereunpleasant.Myexposedskinfeltasthoughitwereburning.Theotherclimbersdecidedtoturnback.hutMelandIwentahead.Wehadiceaxes(破冰斧),helmets,andcrampons(带铁钉鞋底).Wewerepreparedfortheclimb.Thetrailwefollowedgrewnarrowerandsteeper.Ataround9a.m.wereachedapatchoficecalledanicestep.ItwasaboutImetertallandsloped(ata75-degreeangle.Ivolunteeredtogofirst.Iplacedmyleftfootontheicestep.Yougainasenseoftheicewhenyoustickyouraxandcramponsintoit,anditfeltgood.ConfidentIwassafe,Iputmyfullweightonit.Suddenly.Iheardacrack,andawholeslaboficebrokeoffthestep,rightundermyfoot.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Paragraph1:Inaninstant,Ifellbackward.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph2:IpointedtomyleftlegandthenMelyelledforhelp.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

参考答案【答案】1．A2．B3．A【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍纽约联合国总部的导游参观项目，包括可参观的地方、参观要求、开放时间及收费标准等信息。【解析】1．推理判断题。根据第一段“GuidedtoursofferanengagingwaytoexploretheUnitedNationsHeadquarters.VisittheSecurityCouncilChamber(会议厅),theTrusteeshipCouncilChamber,andtheEconomicandSocialCouncil(ECOSOC)Chamber.LearnabouthowtheUnitedNationsaddressesissuessuchasclimatechange,peaceandsecurity,humanrights,andhowyoucansupporttheSustainableDevelopmentGoals.(有导游带领的参观活动提供了一种引人入胜的方式来探索联合国总部。参观安全理事会会议厅、托管理事会会议厅和经济及社会理事会会议厅。了解联合国如何处理气候变化、和平与安全、人权等问题，以及你如何支持可持续发展目标。)”可知，游客在参观期间可以探索联合国的工作日常，了解其处理各种问题的方式等。故选A项。2．细节理解题。根据Forentry中“Forsecurityreasons,childrenunder5yearsofagearenotpermittedontour.(出于安全原因，5岁以下儿童不得参加参观。)”可知，参加参观的游客必须达到规定的年龄限制，即5岁及以上。故选B项。3．细节理解题。根据Ratesfor2025中“Adult:$26.00

Student(Ages13+):$18.00

A10%bookingfeewillapply.(成人：26美元；学生（13岁及以上）：18美元；将收取10%的预订费。)”可知，一对夫妇是两个成人，费用为26×2=52美元，一个15岁的孩子属于学生，费用为18美元，那么总费用为52+18=70美元，再加上10%的预订费70×10%=7美元，总共要支付70+7=77美元。故选A项。【答案】4．B5．D6．C7．A【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍了Spark项目，包括其起源、目的、实施方式以及与其他教练项目的区别。【解析】4．细节理解题。根据第二段“Sparkapprenticeshipsprovideworkplaceexperiencesthatbringeconomicallydisadvantagedteensintocontactwithaworldtheyhaveprobablyonlyimagined.(Spark学徒计划提供了职场经验，让经济状况不佳的青少年接触到一个他们可能只是想象出来的世界。)”可知，该项目通过提供实践经验帮助学生。故选B。5．细节理解题。根据第四段“Thegapbetweenthoseworlds—oneoflimitedexpectationsandhardship,theotherofsuccessandprosperity(繁荣)—hitBalmeonedaywhenhewasvolunteeringasascienceteacheratapublicschoolinPhiladelphia.(当Balme在费城的一所公立学校担任科学教师志愿者时，他有一天深刻感受到了这两个世界之间的鸿沟——一个是期望有限、充满艰辛的世界，另一个是成功与繁荣的世界。)”可知，教育资源的不平衡促使他创立Spark。故选D。6．推理判断题。根据第四段“Thegapbetweenthoseworlds—oneoflimitedexpectationsandhardship,theotherofsuccessandprosperity(繁荣)—hitBalmeonedaywhenhewasvolunteeringasascienceteacheratapublicschoolinPhiladelphia.(当Balme在费城的一所公立学校担任科学教师志愿者时，他有一天深刻感受到了这两个世界之间的鸿沟——一个是期望有限、充满艰辛的世界，另一个是成功与繁荣的世界。)”可知，Balme能发现教育资源的不平衡问题，说明他善于观察的。故选C。7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Apprenticeshipsare“notrocketscience,”saysHollyDepatie,Sparkboardchair.Butothercoachingprograms,suchasBoysandGirlsClubsofAmerica,whilepairingyoungsterswithadults,don’tspecificallytargetlearningaboutjobs.(Spark董事会主席HollyDepatie表示，学徒“不是火箭科学”。但其他一些培训项目，比如BoysandGirlsClubsofAmerica，虽然将青少年与成年人配对，但并不专门针对学习工作。)”可知，最后一段指出其他辅导项目不像Spark专门针对职业学习，突出了Spark的独特之处。故选A。【答案】8．A9．C10．C11．B【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述新的研究发现，考场天花板的高度与学生的表现之间存在联系，天花板很高的宽敞开放的房间会让学生更难专注于眼前的事物。【解析】8．细节理解题。由文章第二段“Apreviousstudyfromsomeofthesameresearchers,makinguseofbrainmappingtechnologyandvirtualreality,hadfoundarelationshipbetweencognitiveabilityandtheperceivedsizeofaperson’ssurroundings.Here,theteamwantedtodosomereal-worldtesting.(之前，一些研究人员利用大脑映射技术和虚拟现实技术进行的一项研究发现，认知能力与一个人周围环境的感知大小之间存在关系。在这里，该团队想做一些现实世界的测试。)”可知，这项新研究与之前的研究不同，因为它是在现实世界中进行的，而不是在实验室中进行的。故选A项。9．细节理解题。由文章倒数第三段“Thekeypointisthatlargeroomswithhighceilingsseemtodisadvantagestudentsandweneedtounderstandwhatbrainmechanisms(机制)areatplay,andwhetherthisaffectsallstudentstothesamedegree,(关键在于，天花板高的大房间似乎对学生不利，我们需要了解大脑机制在起什么作用，以及这是否会对所有学生产生同样的影响，)”以及倒数第二段“Thosearequestionsthatfutureresearchcanfindout.(这些都是未来研究可以发现的问题。)”可知，未来的研究有望发现学生在天花板很高的考场是否同样受到影响。故选C项。10．推理判断题。由文章最后一段“‘Examinationshavebeenakeypartofoureducationsystemforover1,300years,shapingstudentscareerpathsandlives,’saysJaclynBroadbent.‘It’scrucialtorecognizethepotentialimpactofthephysicalenvironmentonstudentperformanceandmakenecessaryadjustmentstoensureallstudentshaveanequalopportunitytosucceed.’(JaclynBroadbent说：‘1300多年来，考试一直是我们教育体系的重要组成部分，塑造了学生的职业道路和生活。至关重要的是要认识到物理环境对学生表现的潜在影响，并做出必要的调整，以确保所有学生都有平等的成功机会。’)”以及第一段“Theauthorsofthestudysuggestthatbigandopenrooms,withhighceilings,makeitharderforstudentstofocusonwhat’sinfrontofthem.(该研究的作者认为，天花板很高的宽敞开放的房间让学生更难专注于眼前的事物。)”可知，JaclynBroadbent是反对在天花板很高的房间里举行考试。故选C项。11．推理判断题。由文章第一段“Newresearchhasfoundalinkbetweentheheightofceilingsinexamhallsandtheperformanceofstudents.Whiletheshapeofaroomcan’tmakeyousmarter,theenvironmentswe’reinhaveaneffectonus.Theauthorsofthestudysuggestthatbigandopenrooms,withhighceilings,makeitharderforstudentstofocusonwhat’sinfrontofthem.(新的研究发现，考场天花板的高度与学生的表现之间存在联系。虽然房间的形状不能让你更聪明，但我们所处的环境会对我们产生影响。该研究的作者认为，天花板很高的宽敞开放的房间会让学生更难专注于眼前的事物。)”以及下文可知，文章主要讲述新的研究发现，考场天花板的高度与学生的表现之间存在联系，天花板很高的宽敞开放的房间会让学生更难专注于眼前的事物。所以这篇文章应出现在“科学”研究栏目。故选B项。【答案】12．A13．D14．C15．C【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能模型（特别是大型语言模型）在遵循规则、防止不良行为方面存在的问题，以及研究人员对此进行的探索和发现。【解析】12．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Manypubliclyavailablelargelanguagemodels(LLMs),suchasChatGPT,havehard-codedrulesthataimtopreventthemfromexhibitingracialorsexualdiscrimination,oransweringquestionswithillegalorproblematicanswers-thingstheyhavelearnedfromhumansviatrainingdata.Butthathasn’tstoppedpeoplefromfindingcarefullydesignedinstructionsthatblocktheseprotection