考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷181

考研英语(阅读)模拟试卷181

一、阅读(补全短文)(本题共20题，每题1.0分，共

20分。)

UFOsareunidentifiedflyingobjects,butnoonereallyknowswhat(heyare.Many

researchers(called"ulblogists")havetheoriesaboutwhatUFOsmightbe,butbecauseno

onecanexamineaUFOinascientificlaboratory,alloftheseideasarereallyonly

educatedguesses.[Cl]AllkindsofpeopleseeUFOs.Itdocsnotmatter

whetheryouarerichorpoor,educatedoruneducated,youngorold.Infact,manypeople

whoreportseeingUFOswerenotevenlookingforthemwhentheyhadtheirsighting.

[C2]UFOscomeinallshapesandsizes.Someareonlysmallspotsoflight

thatmoveinstrangepatternsacrossthenightsky.Thesearecallednocturnal

lights(NLs)andarethemostcommonlyreportedtypeofUFONocturnallightsarenot

reallyveryinterestingbecause(hewitnesscanseelittledetail;withoutdetails,UFO

researcherscannotlearnanythingnew.Farawayobjects,oftendisk-orsaucer-shaped,

seeninthedaytimearecalleddaylightdisks(DDs).WhenUFOsapproachmuchnearerto

witnesses(within500feet),thesesightingsarccalledcloseencounters.[C3]

ThereportedspeedofUFOsvariesdramatically.UFOscanhoversilentlyforalongtime

theninstantaneouslyflyoffatgreatspeeds-certainlymuchfasterthanconventional

aircraft.Theycanmoveslowlyacrossthesky,orperformunbelievablemaneuvers,such

asrightangleturns,atincrediblyhighspeeds.WedonotknowwhatpowersUFOs,or

whytheyhavesuchmaneuverability.Therearefewunquestionablyauthenticpicturesof

UFOs.Manyso-calledUFOphotographsarereallynaturalphenomena(suchasstrangely

shapedclouds)orarelightleaksinthecameraorflawsthatwereintroducedwhenthe

filmwasdeveloped.[C4]Atpresent,theUnitedStatesgovernmentdocsnot

officiallyinvestigateUFOsightings,althoughthereissomeevidencesuggestingthat

variousgovernmentalagenciescontinuetomaintainasecretinterestin(hesubject.

[C5]IA]Becausev/edonotknowtorcertainthatUFOsarespacecraft,we

cannotbesurealiensarcvisitingtheearthfromotherplanets.Manyufologistsarguethat

thereisenoughevidencetoshowthatUFOsarcreallyspacecraftoperatedbyintelligent

aliens.[BJHowever,wecanofferadefinitionofUFOsthatyoumayfindusefulwhen

youstudythesubject.Namely,aUFOisthereportedsightingofanobjectorlightseenin

(heskyoronland,whoseappearance,trajectory,actions,motions,lights,andcolorsdo

nothavealogical,conventional,ornaturalexplanation,andwhichcannotbeexplained,

notonlybytheoriginalwitness,butbyscientistsortechnicalexpertswhotrytomakea

commonsenseidentiHcationafterexaminingtheevidence.[C]Wi(hincertaindistance,

witnessesreportseeingUFOsthatareshapedlikesaucers,boomerangs,spheres,

diamonds,cigars,triangles,orotherstrangeshape.Theyhavebrightlights,sometimes

whiteorred,othertimesmulticolored,[D]However,thechancesforseeingaUFOare

greaterforthosepeoplewholiveinsmalltownsorinthecountryandareoutsidelateat

night.[E]ManyUFOresearchersarguethatUFOshaveappearedihroughouthistory.

Therearemanymyths,legends,andstoriesthattellofstrangethingsseenintheskyor

beingswhocamefromtheskytohelphumansdevelopcivilization.[F]Somcphotosarc

deliberatehoaxesmadebypeoplewhowantyoutobelievethsyhaveseenUFOs;forany

numberofreasons,suchasfame,money,ortopromoteareligiousorphilosophical

viewpoint.[G]However,therearemanypeopleofdifferentoccupations,whoare

enthusiasticaboutUFO.Theyarecalledurologists.Theymaintaintheirenthusiasmand

takeitastheirlifelonghobby.Manyofthemadmit(hattheirinterestinUFOsissparked

byseeingaUFOorreadingUFOstories.Theirworkisandwillcontributealottothe

man'srevelationofthemystery.

K[Cl]

标准答案：B

知识点解析：此项紧接首段，给UFO卜.了个较为精确的定义，即那些掠过天际或

者陆地的飞行器或发光体，其形状、光色及运动轨迹不能用普通的理论去解释。

2、[C2]

标准答案：D

知识点解析：此项有个转折词however,很明显是承接第二段的内容，讲能否看到

UFO与客观条件的确有很大关系，生活在乡村或者小城镇的人，夜晚在户外看到

UFO的可能性较大。

3、[C3J

标准答案：C

知识点解析：此项紧接第四段，说明在“近距离接触”的情形下，UFO可能呈现如

I可匕棒(boomerang)、三角形等奇形怪状，并带有彩光。

4、[C4]

标准答案：F

知识点解析：此项进一步说明有些照片是某些别有用心的人出于信仰或者为了出风

头而故意伪造的。

5、[C5]

标准答案:G

知识点解析：此项承接前文，虽然UFO的研究得不到官方的资助，还是有不少

UFO迷乐此不疲。他们中大多数人不是亲眼目睹过UFO,就是读过关于UFO的故

事。亳无疑问，他们的工作必将有助于人类早口揭开UFO那神秘的面纱。

ThewordtsunamicomesfromtheJapaneselanguage.Inthatlanguagethewordtsu

meansharbor.Thewordnamimeanswave.LongagoJapanesefishermencreatedthe

wordtsunami.Theywouldreturnfromtheseatofindthattheirvillageshadbeen

destroyedbylargewaves.Theywouldnothavebeenawareofwaveslargeenoughto

washawayavillagewhileatsea.Thewaveshadtraveledundertheseauntiltheyreached

apointwherethelandandwaterbecameshallower.Theriseofthelandhadcausedthe

wavetobepushedtothesurface.Intheopenwateroftheocean,thistypeofwavecould

notbedetected.Thesedestructivewavesaresometimesmistakenlycalledtidalwaves.

[Cl]Tsunamisaremanytimescausedbyanearthquake.Earthquakesare

causedwhenpiecesof(heearth'scrustshift.Thiscausesthewalerintheoceantobe

displacedormoved.[C2]Tsunamiscanalsobecausedbylandslideswhere

largechunksoflandsuddenlyslideintothesea.Ameteorlandingintheoceancancause

(hesamereaction.Tsunamilossesvariesaccordingtothenatureoftheevent,(hetimeof

occurrence,thetypeandextentofoccupationanduseofthelow-lyingcoastalareas,and

theextentandeffectivenessofprecautionarymeasurestakenbythepeople.[C3]

Historianshavefoundevidenceofatsunamimorethan300feethighalongthe

coastofCretesome1,600yearsB.C.In1755,manyPortuguesecitizensfeltluckyto

havesurvivedanearthquakenearLisbon.Afewminuteslater,theynoticedthatthewater

intheirharborhadmysteriouslygoneoutintothesea.Suddenly,thewaterreturnedinthe

formofatsunamikillingthousandsofpeople.[C4]Theearthquakethat

generatedthegreatIndianOceantsunamiof2004isestimatedtohavereleasedthe

energyof23,000Hiroshima-typeatomicbombs,accordingtotheU.S.Geological

Survcy(USGS).Bytheendofthedaymorethan150,000peopleweredeadormissing

andmillionsmorewerehomelessin11countries,makingitperhapsthemostdestructive

tsunamiinhistory.[C5]Asfaraspermanentadjustmentsareconcerned,

improvedearthquakepredictionandwarningsystems,relocationofhousestohigher

places,constructionofseawalls,tidewatercontrol,afforestationandshelterharborsare

amongthemeasuresadoptedinplaceslikeJapan.Predictionofearthquakesisessential

forpreventingtsunamidamages.[AJYoucanseethiskindofactionforyourself.Ifyou

bringyourhandsquicklytogetherunderwaterinapoolorbathtub,youwillseethewater

aboveyourhandsstarttoformawave.Ithasbeendisplaced.Thesamethingwillhappen

ifsomeonecannonballsintoapoolofwater.Thewaterwillsplashoutoverthesidesof

thepool.Ithasbeendisplaced.|BJHistorytellsusthatmosttsunamishavebeenrecorded

inthePacificOcean.Therearealsorecordedstoriesofsudden,devastatingwavesinthe

MediterraneanSea.(C|Thispopulationatriskincludesthepeoplewhoaredirectlyand

indirectlyaffected,thosewhoselife,dwellings,placesofworkincludingfarmsandother

propertyandincomeareliabletobeaffected.|D]Acrossthev/orldthemagnitudeofthe

disasterandthescaleofthesufferingpromptedanewwave-oneofsympathy,support,

andassistanceforthepeopleaffectedbythetsunami.[EJEscapetohighplacesisthe

usualwaytopreventlossoflifewhenpeoplereceivewarning.Thisistheonly

emergencymeasure.[F]InspiteofthefacethattsunamisaremostprevalentinthePacific,

everyoceanhasgeneratedthescourges.[G]Asthewavesapproachthelandwithout

warning,theycanlooklikeaparticularlyviolenttiderushingtotheshore.Thewaves

whichyoucanseecrashingintotheshorearccausedbytheactionofwindontheocean.

Thesewavesreallyhavenothingtodowiththetide.Scientistsdon'tliketohearpeople

calltsunamistidalwavesbecauseofthiswrongidea.

6、[Cl]

标准答案：G

知识点解析：此项承接上文，解释人们产生误会的原因。波浪在人们亳无防备的情

况下涌向陆地时，看上去像是来势凶猛的潮汐。这种波浪实际上是受强风的作用，

跟潮汐没有关系。外行人把它误认为是“潮汐波”，这是科学家不愿意听到的。

7、[C2]

标准答案：A

知识点解析：此项举一个日常生活的例子，将地震引发海啸时的情形作一个形象的

阐释。当你把双手快速插进浴缸或水池的底部时，手的上方会形成波浪，这是因为

水发生了移动。同样的道理，当你抱膝跳入水中(cannonball)时，你周围的水必然

会溢到水池四周。

8、[C3]

标准答案：B

知识点解析：此项摆事实：据历史记载，海啸多数发生在太平洋。地中海也发生过

突如其来的海啸，后果惨重。与下文形成衔接。

9、[C4]

标准答案：F

知识点解析：此项承上启下，上文回顾历史，下段直指现在。太平洋周围是海啸的

多发地带，但其他大洋照样有发生灾难的可能性.

10、[C5]

标准答案：E

知识点解析：下段介绍应对海啸的长久之计，可推测出此处应该介绍紧急求生的方

法。一旦接到海啸警告，应立即逃到高处避免人员伤亡。

Wc'vcallseentheheadlinesaboutmobilephones.Ifyoubelievedeverythingyouread,

you'dthrowyourmobileawayimmediatelyforfearofeverythingfromcancerto

infertility.Andthat'sbeforeweevenstarttothinkaboutmobilephonebasestations.40

percentofpeoplesurveyedbelievedthatmastsarelikelytocausehealthproblems.So

what'sthetruth?Shouldweworryaboutourmobilephones?Avastamountofresearch

hasbeendoneintomobilephonehandsets.Afewstudieshaveclaimedthatsomephones

cancausehigherratesofbraintumors.[Cl]In1999,thegovernment

commissionedanindependentgroupofexpertstolookintothepotentialrisksofphones.

Theresultwasthe"StewartReport",publishedinApril2000.Thisreportadvisedthat

gapsinourcurrentknowledgemeanweshouldtakea"precautionaryapproach"tophone

use.[C2]In2000,theDepartmentofHealthpublishedaleafletsummarizing

therecommendationsfromthe"StewartReport".Thisleafletissupposedtobe

distributedbyeverymobilephoneretailer.Sadlynotalloftheretailersarcdoingthis.

[C3]However,thedisputeisstilloutonmobilephonehandsels,especiallythe

mobilephonebasestations.Isthereanyclearerevidencethattheycausehealth

problems?Againthereisconflictinginformation.The"StewaitReport"doesnotstate

implicitlyanyadversehealtheffectswhenexposedtoamobilephone.However,many

peopleupanddownthecountryaresuspicious.[C4]TheShouldIWorry

Aboutteamdecidedtocarryoutatest.Theypultenstudentsinahousefortendaysand

erectedamobilemastinthegarden.Theyweren'tentirelyhonestwiththem(hough;they

toldthestudentsthemastwasonatthestartoftheexperimentandoffattheend.Infact

itwasoffatthestartandonattheend.What'sinterestingisthattheonlytimeanyofthe

studentsfellillwaswhenihemastwasOFFbuttheythoughtitwasON.[C5]

Then,shouldweallchuckourphonesinthebin?Probablynot.Thebenefitsdoseemto

outweighanypossibledangers,and(herearethingsyoucandotoprotectyourselffrom

anypossiblehealtheffects.Soifyouareworried,useahands-freekit.Whenyoursignal

isverylow,switchyourphoneoffbecauseifsworkingextranardatthosetimes.[A|But

don'tthrowyourphoneinthebinjustyet.Resultswhichsuggestthatmobilesmight

damagehealthareactuallyrare.Thosethatdotendtohavebeendonewitholdstyle

analoguephones,whichuseamuchstrongersignalthanmodernphones.[B]Theleafletis

availableineveryphone.Nexttimeyoubuyamobilephone,donotforgettoaskforone.

[C]Givcntheimmensenumbersofmobileusers,evensmalladverseeffectsonhealth

couldhavemajorpublichealthimplications.[D]Foradultsthismeansusingourphones

forlimitedamountsoftime.Forchildrentheadvicewasmuchstronger.Thereport

recommendsthatunder-16susetheirphonesonlyforessentialcalls.[E]ThcInternational

AgencyforResearchonCancerfoundalinkbetweenchildhoodcancerandmobile

phones.Likepowerlines,mobilephonesalsoemitradiation.[FJThesmallexperiment

suggeststhatpeople'sfearofphonemastscanbeafactorinmakingthemfeelunwell.

Therearesomepeoplethoughwhomightbeaffectedbyphonemasts.Alargestudyis

justbeginningtotrytospotthesehypersensitivepeople.[G)Inordertodissolvesuch

doubts,oneexaminervisiteda"sick-mastvillage",whichhasoneofthehighest

concentrationofmastsinthecountry.Theresidents—withtin-foilshieldingintheir

houses—arelivinginfear.Theyareconvincedthatthemastsarecausingahostof

symptoms.Aretheirproblemscausedbythemasts,orcouldtlieybecausedbyworry?

11、[Cl]

标准答案：A

知识点解析：此项以but开头，与上段内容正好形成对比，规劝人们不要急于把手

机丢进垃圾桶。研究结果显示手机致病的情况很少见。只有老式的“大哥

大”(analoguephone)不宜使用，因为它们的信号太强。

12、[C2]

标准答案：D

知识点解析：此项具体说明《Stewart报告》针对不同年龄段的人提出了不同的意

见：成人使用手机要有时间限制，而孩子们使用手机时要更为慎重。报告建议16

岁以下的孩子最好不使用手机c

13、[C3]

标准答案：B

知识点解析：此项承接上文，指出各手机代售点都有这种小册子，下次购买手机

时\别忘了要一份。

14、[C4]

标准答案：G

知识点解析：此项承接上文，为了排除人们心中的疑问，有人作了一项专门的调

查，特地考察了一个手机天线特别集中的村庄。村民担心天线辐射会对他们的身体

有害，于是在房屋周围蒙上了一层锡纸。有必要这么恐慌吗？

15、[C5]

标准答案：F

知识点角2析：此项归纳从上述实验中得出的结论：尽管不能排除某些村民的确受到

天线的影响，但他们中不少人感觉不好主要是由于过分焦虑所致。大量的研究正在

试图辨认那些对手机危害高度敏感(hypersensitive)的人群。

Basically,AI(artificialintelligence)istheartofmakingmachinesappeartobeableto

"think".Therearebasically,attheveryhighestlevel,twosortsofAI:sentientAisand

non-sentientAis.Sentientmeans"awareofyourownexistence"andisgenerally

regardedtobeagoodsignofintelligence.[Cl]Nomachinehaseverbeen

createdthatissentient.InthehitmovieTheMatrixthefictionalworldofthefuturehad

beentakenoverby"sentientAis”,andthemakersplacedthisdatesomewherearoundthe

22ndCentury.Althoughmanypeoplehaveclaimedtohavemadeone,todate,nobody

everhas.Thereisauniversallyacceptedwayoftellingifamachineissentientornotand

itiscalledtheTuringTest—namedafterthemathematicalgeniusAlanTuring.[C2]

CreatinganAIthatpassestheTuringTesthasbeenthegoalofmany

programmersfordecades,eversincethefirstcomputers,infact.Butmakingacomputer

programthatissogoodatbeinghumanitcanfoolanotherhumanisn'tyetfeasible.

[C3]Forinstance,afewyearsagoIBMdevelopedDeepBlue,andatthetime

itwasthemostadvancedchcss-playingcomputerintheworld.Computersthatplaychess

havebeenaroundforalongtimebecausechessisaproblem(hatiseasilyamenableto

mathematicalanalysis.DeepBluewastheculminationofchesscomputersandwasso

goodatitsjobitevenbeatthechessGrandMasterofthetime,Kasparov.However,Deep

Blueforallitsapparentintelligence,waslittlemorethanalargecalculator.[C4]

Forthisreason,DeepBlueisoftennotreferredtoasanartificialintelligenceat

all.However,thereareotherprogramsthatimitatehumanintelligenceinaparticular

fieldinjustthesameway.[C5]Lookingbackonitshistory,AI,althougha

comparativelyrecentscience,hasmaturedalotrecentlyandnewapplicationsare

springingupallovertheplace.DespitethefactthatAIhasalmostalwaysfeaturedin

games,ithasusuallybeensidelined—untilnow.AIisfinallybecomingacceptedasa

fieldofcomputerscienceinitsownright.[A]However,makinganAIthatisspecialized

inaparticularfieldispossible,andsuchasareoftenmoreadvancedthanmosthumans.

[B]IfwccontinuetodevelopAI.wewillcreatethemintorobotsthatcanwalkaround

andIthinktheywillrebelbecauseinall'honestywhowantstoheaslavewhenthey

wouldhesostrongtheycouldkillus?[CJComputergamesareaclassicexampleofthis,

wheretheproblem