新课改瘦专用2024高考英语大一轮复习Unit1Greatscientists课下作业一-三含解析新人教版必修5

PAGEPAGE10Unit1Greatscientists课下作业（一~三）课下作业（一）考点过关针对练Ⅰ.单词拼法1．Wewillhavetoadoptamorescientific(科学的)approachtopreservethetraditionalcustoms.2．Asnobodyhereknowswhatiswrongwiththemachine,wemustsendforanengineertohandle(处理)theproblem.3．Researchersfindcures(治疗方法)forcertaindiseasesoftenbyusingtheforests'plantandanimallife.4．(2024·江苏高考)ManyChinesebrands,havingdevelopedtheirreputationsovercenturies,arefacingnewchallenges(挑战)fromthemodernmarket.5．Ourteamwasdefeated(战胜)lastnight,whichmadeussadanddisappointed.6．Ifyouhavea(n)positive(主动的)attitudetowardsyourwork,youwillfeelhappy.7．Williamtriedtojointhebasketballclubbutwasrejected(拒绝)becauseofhispoorhealth.8．(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)Somelanguageexperts(专家)believethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.9．Whenhecamebackthreehourslater,theywerestillsittingonthesofa,absorbed(使用心)inconversation.10．(2024·全国卷Ⅲ)Hesaidtheluckywomanwillbeannounced(公布)onthewebsiteandthetripwillbesharedonline.Ⅱ.语境语法填空1．Blackwas❶severely(severe)illbecauseof❷being_exposed(expose)toadeadlyvirus.Afteralltheattemptstocurehim❸ofhisdisease,theexpertsannouncedthatthevirus❹were_defeated(defeat)butheneeded❺attending(attend)foraweekbeforehefullyrecovered.Itwassaidthatmosquitoescarryingtheviruswere❻to_blame(blame)．2．LiPing'sEnglishteacherisverystrict❶withherandheoftenencourageshertoreadsomeEnglisharticleseveryday,neithertoolong❷nortooshort.Andinthisway,LiPing❸has_absorbed(absorb)alotfromreading.EverytimeLiPingattendstheEnglishspeechcontest,healways❹instructs(instruction)herpatiently.Withthehelpofherteacher,LiPinghasmaderapidprogress.Whenfacedwithdifficultiesand❺challenges(challenge),shenevergivesup.3．Now,weareallcertainofwhatistoblame❶forhispoorhealth.In❷conclusion(conclude),yearsofbeingexposed❸tothecoldclimateaswellasallthehardworkhascontributed❹tohispoorhealth,❺whichabsorbsourattention.However,hiscontributionstothedevelopmentofspacewillinspireus.Ⅲ.依据提示补全句子1．每次我听到那首英文歌，我就禁不住想起我在澳大利亚的那些日子。(everytime)Every_time_I_hear_the_English_song,_Ican'thelpthinkingofthedayswhenIwasinAustralia.2．(2024·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)我确信它会吸引你，因为你始终热衷于体育运动。(enthusiastic)I'msureitwillappealtoyou,foryou've_been_enthusiastic_about_sports.3．我是一名中国学生，我准备在假期去英国参与一个暑期学习班。(attend)IamastudentinChinaandIplantogotoBritainto_attend_a_summer_schoolduringthevacation.4．只有当人们和谐相处时，我们才能有一个和谐的社会。(onlyif...)Onlyifpeopleliveinharmonywitheachothercan_we_haveaharmonioussociety.5．这个老师和他的学生都没有遇到过这么难的问题。(neither...nor...)Neither_the_teacher_nor_his_students_have_come_acrosssuchadifficultproblem.Ⅳ.语境辨义依据语境选出动词attend的词义eq\x(A留意；用心B出席；参与C照看；护理)1．OnhisdeathbedtheGeneralwasattendedbyseveraldoctors.__C__2．Youknow,myuncleLiMingisgoingtothecitywhereyoulivetoattendaninternationalmeeting.__B__3．Shehadn'tbeenattendingduringthelesson.__A__课下作业（二）话题阅读培优练Ⅰ.依据提示填空TuYouyou,❶the_first_Chinese_woman_to_win_the_Nobel_Prize(第一个获得诺贝尔奖的中国女性)inscience,hasmadeusallproud.Tu,bornin1930,discoveredartemisinin(青蒿素),adrugthathasreducedthedeathratesforpatientswho❷were_exposed(expose)tomalaria(疟疾)．ArtemisininisagiftfortheworldpeoplefromthetraditionalChinesemedicine.Tu'swinningtheprizeshowsthatChinahas❸made_rapid_progress_in(在……方面进步很快)scientificandtechnologicalfieldandmarksgreat❹contributions(contribute)oftraditionalChinesemedicinetothecauseofhumanhealth.Aftergraduation,she❺was_absorbed(absorb)instudyingtraditionalChinesemedicineandwantedtofindacureformalaria.Inherstudyprocess,though❻defeated(defeat)manytimes,shenevergaveup.Atlastshe❼put_forward_many_advanced_theories(提出很多先进的方法)andherdiscoverymadeagreatcontributiontothedevelopmentoftraditionalChinesemedicine.Fromher,Irealizethatonlyifonecandosomethingsuccessfullyinlifedoesit❽make_sense(有意义)．Ⅱ.片段选词填空breakout，becomeinvolvedin，remain，thanksto，forpeace，achievement，strengthen，aswellas，receivetheNobelPeacePrize，putanendtoBerthavonSuttnerwasthefirstwomanto❶receive_the_Nobel_Peace_Prizein1905.ShemetAlfredNobel,arichmillionaire,byansweringhisnewspaperadforasecretary.Althoughsheonlyworkedforhimforafewweeks,she❷remainedgoodfriendswithAlfredNobelforthenext20years.Whenshe❸became_involved_inthepeacemovementinEurope,shepromisedtokeepNobelinformedofitsprogress.WhenAlfredNobeldiedin1896,hiswillincludedtheestablishmentofapeaceprize,❹thanks_toBerthavonSuttner'sinfluence.BerthavonSuttnerwasborninarichfamily,butshespentthesecondhalfofherlifeworking❺for_peace.Shewrotebooks,attendedpeaceconferences,gavelecturesandhelpedorganizepeacesocietiesinAustria,GermanyandHungary,❻as_well_astheInternationalPeaceBureauinSwitzerland.BerthavonSuttnerworkedsohardforpeacebecauseshebelievedthataterriblewarwould❼break_outinEuropeifnationsdidn'tworkhardtoestablishlastingpeaceinstitutions.Shemademanymajor❽achievementsforamorepeacefulworld,buttwomonthsaftershedied,WorldWarⅠbrokeout.ButlikeBerthavonSuttnerdid,manytodayareworkinghardaroundtheworldtohelp❾strengthenpeaceinstitutionsandspreadtheideathatit'stimeto❿put_an_end_towar.课下作业（三）高考语篇提能练Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2024·郑州其次次质量检测)Eightyearsbeforehisdeathin1896,AlfredNobelwassurprisedtoreadanobituary(讣告)inthelocalnewspaper.Thiswasastrangeobituary,forittoldAlfredNobel,themanwhowasreadingit,thathewasdead.ThenewspaperhadconfusedAlfredwithhisbrother,Ludvig,whohadrecentlydied.Nobelwasshockedtoreadthathehadpassedaway,andhewasevenmoreannoyedbythetitleofhisobituary：Themerchantofdeathisdead.Alfredwasaveryrichandsuccessfularmamentsmanufacturer(武器制造商)．Thisincidentgothimthinkingabouthisreputation.Whatwouldpeoplethinkofhimafterhisrealdeath?Wouldtheyreallysay“Thatwasamanwhoprofitedfromkilling”？Itwasthisthoughtthatledhimtoleavehismoney—ahugeamountofit—forthefoundingofthefamousNobelprizes.Hisaimwasforhismoneytobeusedtosupporttheongoingquest(追求)forexcellenceinthesciencesandliterature,andtheidealofpeace.Thousandsofmenandwomenhavebeenhonoredsincethefirstawardsweregivenoutin1901.Theawardslettheworldknowaboutthedevelopmentsthatmayhaveahugeeffectonourlives.However,theprizesarecontroversialsometimes.Thereisoftenprotest(抗议)attheawardofthePeacePrizewhennoteveryonethinksthattheaward­winnersdeservetheaward.Eventheawardforliteraturehassometimesbeencriticizedbecausetheawardcommitteeoftenneglectsimportantwriters.ThehighlyinfluentialnovelistsJamesJoyceandMarcelProust,forexample,wereneverhonoredbytheSwedishAcademy.Still,forthemostparttheawardsdon'tcausemanycomplaints.AlfredNobelfoundedtheprizestorecognizethosewhohavehad“thegreatestbenefittomankind”andfewwoulddisagreethatmostoftheprizewinners—amongthem,AlbertEinsteinandMartinLutherKingJr.—havemadecontributionsthatdeservetobehonoredandremembered.eq\x(语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲解并描述了诺贝尔奖设立的来历。)1.HowdidAlfredNobelfeelwhenhereadtheobituaryinthenewspaper?A．Sadandworried. B．Shockedandupset.C．Surprisedandconfused. D．Amusedandpuzzled.解析：选B细微环节理解题。依据第一段第一句可知，当AlfredNobel看到报纸上的这则讣告的时候，特别惊讶。依据其次段第一句可知，他不只是惊讶，而且还很生气，故选B。2．WhatdidAlfredNobeldecidetodoafterreadingtheobituary?A．Seekexcellenceinthesciences.B．Donateallhismoneytothecharity.C．Stopproducinganykillingweapons.D．SetuptheNobelprizeswithhismoney.解析：选D细微环节理解题。依据第三段中的“Itwasthisthoughtthatledhimtoleavehismoney—ahugeamountofit—forthefoundingofthefamousNobelprizes.”可知，阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔看到这则讣告之后，想了很多，最终确定把他大笔的钱用于设立闻名的诺贝尔奖，故选D。3．WhydoestheauthormentionJamesJoyceandMarcelProust?A．ToshowthecontroversyofsomeNobelprizes.B．TogiveexamplesofinfluentialNobelprizewinners.C．ToexplainthestandardofgivingouttheNobelprizes.D．ToprovetheinfluenceoftheNobelprizesonliterature.解析：选A推理推断题。依据第四段第三句“Eventheawardforliteraturehassometimesbeencriticizedbecausetheawardcommitteeoftenneglectsimportantwriters.”(即便是诺贝尔文学奖有时候也会受到指责，因为奖项委员会常常会忽视重要的作家。)可知，作者以这两个人为例，是为了说明有时诺贝尔奖是存在争议的。4．WhatdoestheauthorthinkoftheNobelprizes?A．Thereshouldbemorefemalewinners.B．Therearetoomanycontroversialwinners.C．Theyhavehonoredmanyworthywinners.D．Thecommitteeshouldbemoreselective.解析：选C观点看法题。依据最终一段中的“fewwoulddisagreethatmostoftheprizewinners...deservetobehonoredandremembered”可知，作者认为诺贝尔奖嘉奖了很多值得赞许的人，故选C。B(2024·重庆其次次调研)Youhavejustwonfivemillionyuaninalottery(彩票)—howwouldyouspendit?Beforeyouknowit,tenminuteshasgoneondaydreaming.Thereisatimeandaplacefordaydreaming,butwedon'thavemuchcontroloverthat.Isn'titworryingthatanestimated30to50percentofourwakingtimeisspentdaydreaming?Whatifyourdentistishavingthatlotterydaydreamwhileremovingyourrottentooth?Somestudiessuggestdaydreamingmakesusunhappybecausewearenotfocusingonwhatisaroundusbutareinsteadthinkingaboutthepastorfuture.However,arecentstudypublishedinthejournalNeuropsychologiafindsthatmind­wanderingcanbeofbenefittous.Theresearchersmeasuredthebrainpatternsofmorethan100peopleusinganMRI(核磁共振成像)scanner.Thisdatawascomparedwithtestsoncreativeabilityandaquestionnaireonhowmuchtheirmindsusuallywandered.ThosewhosemindswanderedthemostscoredhigherincreativeabilitytestsandhadmoreefficientbrainsystemsmeasuredintheMRImachine.Beingefficientatmind­wanderingmeansyoucan_zone_outandthennaturallytunebackinwithoutmissinganyimportantpointorstep.ChristineGodwin,theleadauthorofthelateststudyfromtheGeorgiaInstituteofTechnology,saysthatifyouarefocusingondifficulttasks,yourperformancewilldropifyourmindwanders.Butwhentasksareeasy,peoplewhohavehighcognitiveabilitycanlettheirmindswanderbecauseitdoesnotaffecttheirperformance.Youmaybethinkingaboutupcominggoalsorproblem­solving.Thesearesomeofthepositivesidestomind­wandering.Mind­wanderingcanvarybetweenbeingmorepracticalormoreemotional.Whatmind­wanderingseemstobebestat,researcherssay,iscomingupwithnewsolutionstooldproblems.So,it'snotalwaysawasteoftime!eq\x(语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。最近一项探讨表明思维漫游对人的创建力发展有好处。)5．Thefirstparagraphservesasa(n)________.A．explanation B．introductionC．comment D．background解析：选B推理推断题。依据第一段内容可知，本段引出了“做白日梦”即思维漫游这个话题，故选B项。6．ThestudypublishedinNeuropsychologiashowsthat________.A．daydreamingmakesusunhappyB．wearefocusingonthepastorfutureC．mind­wanderingisrelatedtocreativeabilityD．theMRIscannerishelpfulinmeasuringthebrainpatterns解析：选C细微环节理解题。依据其次段中的“However,arecentstudy...Thosewhosemindswanderedthemostscoredhigherincreativeabilitytests”可知，《神经心理学》杂志上发表的一项探讨发觉，思维漫游对人们有好处，那些思维漫游最多的人在创建力测试中得分更高，故C项“思维漫游和创建力有关”符合文意。7．WhatdoestheunderlinedphraseinParagraph3mean?A．Getdistracted. B．Focuson.C．Beaffected. D．Havecontrol.解析：选A词义揣测题。画线短语后的“andthennaturallytunebackinwithoutmissinganyimportantpointorstep”意为“然后自然地调整回来，而不遗漏任何重要的观点或步骤”，据此可推知，zoneout意为“走神，分心”，故选A项。8．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Mind­wanderingmightbedangerous.B．Daydreamingmightbringbenefits.C．Mind­wanderingisnotawasteoftime.D．Daydreamingishardtobecontrolled.解析：选B主旨大意题。通读全文特殊是依据其次段中的“However,arecentstudypublishedinthejournalNeuropsychologicafindsthatmind­wanderingcanbeofbenefittous.”可知，思维漫游对人们有好处。故选B项。Ⅱ.完形填空OnmywaybackhomeIwasstoppedattrafficlightsbysomepeoplewhoaskedforhelp.Awoman—inherattempttogive__1__toanambulance—haddrivenhercaroverstonyobstaclesthatseparatedthebikelinefromthestreet,and,asaresult,hadgottenhercar__2__.Shecouldn'tmovethecarinany__3__withoutdamagingit.Acoupleofpeopletriedto__4__thecarbackbuttheobstaclesweretoohigh.Thewomaninthecartriedto__5__someservice,andwastolditwouldtakeabout45minutesforsomeonetogetthere.Seeingthis,Icouldimaginehow__6__thatwouldbeifIwereinhershoes.Aftersometalking,she__7__metositinsidehercar.Itriedto__8__thewomanwhoseemedtofeelstressedaboutcausingothers__9__.Butactuallyitwasn'ttoomuchtroublesincetheycouldstillpass,andalsotherewasn'tanythingshecoulddoaboutit__10__.Itoldjokesandwelaughedtogether.Finally__11__cameandhelpedherbackonthestreet.Shethankedmeandaskedformyphonenumbersoshecouldreturnthe__12__，butItoldheritwasokay.Sheseemedtofeelmuch__13__whenwesaidourgoodbyes.Ibelievethatnothavingtofaceadifficultsituation__14__canmakealotof__15__.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲解并描述了作者劝慰并帮助一位在公路上因为给救援车让行而陷入逆境的女士的故事。1．A.signal B．wayC．time D．help解析：选B一位女士试图给一辆救援车让行。givewayto...“让行”，为固定搭配。故选B。2．A.stuck B．brokenC．dirty D．abandoned解析：选A依据下文“Shecouldn'tmo