上海市奉贤区2025届高三下学期二模试题 英语 含解析

2024学年第二学期奉贤区高三英语练习卷考生注意：1.考试时间105分钟，试卷满分115分。2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。3.务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置。I.GrammarandVocabularySectionA(10分)Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblankMiddleEast’sDarkSkyHubsSaraSamivividlyrecallsthefirsttimeshetrulysawthestars.The38-year-oldphotographerandtravelguide____1____(search)foraspotinSaudiArabia—amassivecliffoverlookingavastdesert—whensheunexpectedlyfoundherselfunderanamazingnightsky.“Therewasablanketofstarsrightaboveme,“Samireminisces.”I____2____seethousandsofthemstretchingendlessly.Itwasabreathtakingsight.”Eversincethatnight,SaudiArabiahasbecomehertopstargazingdestination.SamihastravelednumeroustimesfromherhomeinBahrain,asmallislandnation____3____(connect)toSaudiArabiabya15-milecauseway.Sheseeksoutplaceswithundisturbeddarkness,farfromtownsandcities,____4____shecanseetheMilkyWay.Itwasliterallyinthemiddleofadesert:therewasanabandonedvillagewithbrokenhouses.____5____theatmospherewasfrighteningandfilledwithanunsettlingstillness,theskywasstunninglybeautiful.InNovemberlastyear,anothernaturereserve,neartheancientoasiscityofAlUla,____6____(name)thefirst-everDarkSkyParkintheMiddleEast.SaudiArabiajoined21othercountriesonitslistofcertifiedDarkSkyPlaces,withtheUSandNewZealand____7____(top)thelist.“Partofthe2,334squarekilometerreserve’scommitmenttothepreservationofthenightskyinvolvescarefullightingdesign,suchasensuring____8____,ifpossible,lightsareequippedwithshadestominimizelightpollution.Specifically,theseshadesaredesignedtodirectthelightdown____9____up.”ThelocalobservatoryiscurrentlydevelopinganoutdoorlightingguidefornewandexistingdevelopmentswithinAlUlaCounty.ThisguidewillenableresidentsandvisitorstoseethenightskyaboveAlUlainallitsnaturalbeautyforyears_____10_____(come).Thisongoingeffortreflectsabroadercommitmenttopreservingthenightskyforfuturegenerations.【答案】1.wassearching2.could3.connected4.where5.Although##While##Though6.wasnamed7.topping8.that9.ratherthan10.tocome【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了摄影师萨拉·萨米在沙特阿拉伯观星的经历，以及沙特阿拉伯致力于保护夜空。【1题详解】考查时态。句意：这位38岁的摄影师兼旅游导游正在沙特阿拉伯寻找一个地方——一个俯瞰广阔沙漠的巨大悬崖——这时她意外地发现自己在一个惊人的夜空下。此处为句型sb.bedoingsth.when…表示“正在做某事，这时……”，发生在过去的某个时刻用过去进行时，主语为The38-year-oldphotographerandtravelguide，谓语用单数。故填wassearching。【2题详解】考查情态动词。句意：我可以看到成千上万的山峦绵延不绝。后跟动词原形，表示“可以，能够”用can，发生在过去用could。故填could。【3题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：萨米已经很多次从她在巴林的家出发，巴林是一个小岛国，通过一条15英里长的堤道与沙特阿拉伯相连。此处为独立主格结构，且island与connect为被动关系，用过去分词作定语。故填connected。【4题详解】考查定语从句。句意：她寻找远离城镇、黑暗不受干扰的地方，在那里她可以看到银河。此处非限制性定语从句修饰先行词places，在从句作地点状语，故填where。【5题详解】考查状语从句。句意：虽然气氛令人恐惧，充满了令人不安的寂静，但天空却美得惊人。引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然”用although、while或though，首字母大写。故填Although/While/Though。【6题详解】考查时态语态。句意：去年11月，另一个自然保护区，靠近古老的绿洲城市AlUla，被命名为中东第一个黑暗天空公园。主语anothernaturereserve与谓语name构成被动关系，根据上文InNovemberlastyear可知为一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填wasnamed。【7题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：沙特阿拉伯和其他21个国家一起获得了“黑暗天空之地”的认证，美国和新西兰位居榜首。此处为with的复合结构，且USandNewZealand与top构成主动关系，用现在分词作宾补。故填topping。【8题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：2334平方公里的自然保护区致力于保护夜空，其中包括精心的照明设计，如尽可能确保灯光配备遮光罩，以尽量减少光污染。引导宾语从句，从句不缺少成分或句意，故用that。故填that。【9题详解】考查固定短语。句意：具体来说，这些阴影的设计是为了引导光线向下而不是向上。表示“而不是”短语为ratherthan，说明光线引导的方向，即“向下而不是向上”。故填ratherthan。【10题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：本指南将使居民和游客能够在未来几年里看到阿尔乌拉上空的夜空。短语foryearstocome表示“在今后的几年里”。故填tocome。SectionB(10分)Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.visuallyB.interactsC.essentialD.minuteE.compositionF.perspectiveG.accuracyH.dominatesI.expansiveJ.survivesK.occasionallyMasterpiece:OneThousandLiofRiversandMountainsWangXimeng(1096-1119)wasafamousbutshort-livedpainter.Tragically,onlyoneofhisworks_____11_____OneThousandLiofRiversandMountains,whichischerishedasarareandpreciousmasterpieceintheartworld.Thismasterpiecemeasures51.5cmhighby11.92mlong,createdinsimpleblackinkandgroundpigment(颜料)onalongsilkscroll.Despiteitsmaterialsimplicity,thepainting’s_____12_____isremarkablycomplex.Itunfoldslikeapanoramic(全景式的)storyofaSouthernChineselandscape,presentedwitha(n)_____13_____thathintsatWang’sdeeprootsintheregion.Thelandscapeisdividedintosixmountainsectionsseparatedbywater,_____14_____linkedbybridges.Houses,trees,andfiguresdotthemountains,shownfromvariousviewpoints.Thisshifting_____15_____enablesviewers,astheyunrollthescrollfromrighttoleft,toexperienceacontinuous,immersivenarrativeofdailyactivities.Itcreatesadynamicvisualflow,muchlikewatchingscenerypassbythroughatrainwindow.Thepainting’sperfectionisenhancedbyits_____16_____strikingblue-greenlandscape,orqinglüshanshui,atechniquethatflourishedduringtheNorthenSongDynasty.Brilliantblue_____17_____themountains’peaks,boldgreencoversthemountains’valleys,andpalebrownimpliesthemountains’bases.Thisradiantarrangementemphasizescoloroverline,skillfullyusinglight,shade,andtexturetocreatedepthandatmosphere.Thispainting_____18_____withtheviewerinawayrarelyfoundinWesternpaintings.Duetoitsvastscalebut_____19_____details,itrequiresmultipleviewingsatdifferentdistances.Thefirstviewingisatafardistancetoobserveitssweepinggrandeur.Thesecondviewingisataclosedistancetoobserveitsrefinedfeatures.Thethirdviewingisatamid-distancetoobserveitsoverallimpact.Thislayeredviewingexperiencedeepenstheengagementwiththeartwork,makingthepaintingsfeelcompletelyalive.Itoffersaprofoundandsubtleexplorationofthevisibleworldthroughits______20______—size,richcolors,andexpressivedetails,emittingqiorenergythatenlivenstheviewer.Ultimately,thismasterpieceinvitesviewerstoimmersethemselvesinitsbeauty,discoveringnewhorizonswitheachencounter.【答案】11.J12.E13.G14.K15.F16.A17.H18.B19.D20.I【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了王希孟的《千里江山图》以及画作鉴赏。【11题详解】考查动词。句意：可悲的是，他的作品只有一幅幸存下来——《千里江山图》，这是艺术界罕见而珍贵的杰作。根据“OneThousandLiofRiversandMountains,whichischerishedasarareandpreciousmasterpieceintheartworld”以及句意“幸存”可知，应填动词survive，陈述目前事实，应用一般现在时，主语是单数，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故选J。【12题详解】考查名词。句意：尽管材料简单，这幅画的构图却异常复杂。根据“ItunfoldslikeapanoramicstoryofaSouthernChineselandscape”以及句意“构图”可知，应填名词composition，作主语。故选E。【13题详解】考查名词。句意：它就像一个中国南方风景的全景故事，以一种准确的方式呈现，暗示了王在该地区的深厚根基。根据“thathintsatWang’sdeeprootsintheregion”以及句意“准确”可知，应填名词accuracy，作宾语，不可数。故选G。【14题详解】考查副词。句意：这片景观被分成六个由水隔开的山区，偶尔由桥梁连接起来。根据“Thelandscapeisdividedintosixmountainsectionsseparatedbywater”以及后文“linkedbybridges”和句意表示“偶尔”可知，应填副词occasionally，修饰动词linked。故选K。【15题详解】考查名词。句意：当观众从右向左展开卷轴时，这种变换的视角使他们能够体验到连续的、身临其境的日常活动叙事。根据“Houses,trees,andfiguresdotthemountains,shownfromvariousviewpoints.(房屋、树木和人物点缀在山上，从不同的角度展示)”以及句意“视角”可知，应填名词perspective，作主语。故选F。【16题详解】考查副词。句意：这幅画的完美之处在于其视觉上引人注目的蓝绿色景观，或青绿山水，这是北宋时期蓬勃发展的一种技术。根据“strikingblue-greenlandscape”以及句意“视觉上”可知，应填副词visually，修饰形容词striking。故选A。【17题详解】考查动词。句意：明亮的蓝色支配着山峰，大胆的绿色覆盖着山谷，浅棕色暗示着山脉的底部。根据“themountains’peaks,boldgreencoversthemountains’valleys”以及句意“支配”可知应填动词dominate，作谓语，陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为Brilliantblue，谓语用三单形式。故选H。【18题详解】考查动词。句意：这幅画以一种在西方绘画中很少发现的方式与观众互动。根据“withtheviewerinawayrarelyfoundinWesternpaintings”以及句意“互动”可知，应填动词interact，作谓语，陈述目前事实，应用一般现在时，主语为Thispainting，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故选B。【19题详解】考查形容词。句意：由于其庞大的规模和微小的细节，它需要在不同的距离进行多次观看。根据“Thefirstviewingisatafardistancetoobserveitssweepinggrandeur.Thesecondviewingisataclosedistancetoobserveitsrefinedfeatures.Thethirdviewingisatamid-distancetoobserveitsoverallimpact.(第一次观看是在很远的地方观察它的壮观。第二次观察是在近距离观察其精致的特征。第三次观察是在中距离观察其整体影响)”以及句意“微小的”可知，应填形容词minute，修饰details。故选D。【20题详解】考查形容词。句意：通过其广阔的尺寸、丰富的色彩和富有表现力的细节，它提供了对可见世界的深刻而微妙的探索，散发出气或能量，使观众活跃起来。根据上文“Thismasterpiecemeasures51.5cmhighby11.92mlong,createdinsimpleblackinkandgroundpigment(颜料)onalongsilkscroll.(这幅杰作高51.5厘米，长11.92米，用简单的黑色墨水和底色绘制在长长的丝绸卷轴上)”以及句意“广阔的”可知，应填形容词expansive，修饰名词size。故选I。II.ReadingComprehension(45分)SectionA(15分)Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Theoceantwilightzonealsoknownasthemidwater,isagloballayerofwaterstretchingfrom200to1,000metersbelowtheoceansurface.Thisdimlylitregion,justbeyondthereachofsunlight,iscoldandunderhighpressure,yetit_____21_____ahostofmarinespecies.Recentstudiessuggestthatitsfishbiomassmaybetentimesgreaterthanpreviouslyestimated,makingitoneofthemost_____22_____ecosystemsonEarth.Thetwilightzoneishometoawidevarietyoforganisms.Manyofthesecreaturesexhibitunique_____23_____tosurviveinthisdark,high-pressureenvironment.Onefascinatingexampleiscounter-illumination(反照明),wheresmallfishgeneratelightfromtheirundersidestomatchthesurfacelightabove,makingthemnearly_____24_____tobigfishbelow.Oneofthemostremarkablephenomenainthetwilightzoneisthedailyvertical(垂直的；纵向的)_____25_____ofitsinhabitants.Everynight,countlessfish,squid,andplanktonswimtothesurfacetofeedunderthecoverofdarkness.Atdawn,theyreturntothe_____26_____,saferwaters.Thisdailymigrationisthelargestregularanimalmovementontheplanet,occurringevery24hoursacrosstheworld’soceans.Thetwilightzoneprovidesfoodforlargerpredatorslikewhalesandsharks,whicharevaluablefor_____27_____reasons.Additionally,thetwilightzoneactsasacriticalpartoftheocean’s"biologicalpump".Ithelpstransfercarbondioxidefromsurfacewaterstothedeepocean,preventingitfrom_____28_____totheatmosphereasagreenhousegas.Thisprocessisvitalforreducingclimatechange.Despiteitsecologicalimportance,thetwilightzoneremainslargelyunexplored._____29_____,commercialfishinginterestsarealreadytargetingthisregion.CountrieslikeNorwayandJapanhavebegun______30______harvestingoftwilight-zoneorganisms,drivenbythegrowingdemandforfishmealandotherproducts.Toensuresustainableuseand______31______ofthetwilightzone,weneedtoanswerkeyquestionsaboutitsbiodiversity,lifecycles,foodwebs,androleintheglobalcarboncycle.However,studyingthisregionis______32______duetoitsvastness,rapidchanges,andthedifficultyincapturingandobservingitsdelicateorganisms.In2018,theWoodsHoleOceanographicInstitutionlaunchedamissiontoexploreatwilightzone.supportedby$35millionfromtheAudaciousProject.Thisinitiativecombines______33______technologies—suchasadvancedacoustics,high-resolutioncameras,andgenetictechniques—withtraditionalmethodstostudythiscomplexecosystem.Byadvancingourunderstandingofthetwilightzone,wecandeveloppoliciestoprotectitsbiodiversityandensurethe______34______useofitsresources.Theoceantwilightzoneremainsa______35______worldofincrediblebiodiversityandecologicalimportance.Aswefacegrowingglobalchallenges,understandingandpreservingthismysteriousregionismorecriticalthanever.21.A.housed B.excluded C.limited D.obtained22.A.efficient B.intensive C.diverse D.internal23.A.adaptations B.preferences C.insights D.rhythms24.A.flexible B.incredible C.perceptible D.invisible25.A.escape B.journey C.settlement D.exploration26.A.deeper B.shallower C.warmer D.clearer27.A.economic B.ecological C.evolutionary D.biological28.A.bouncing B.reflecting C.dumping D.returning29.A.However B.Therefore C.Additionally D.Consequently30.A.agricultural B.residential C.industrial D.recreational31.A.consumption B.conservation C.exploitation D.intervention32.A.challenging B.rewarding C.fascinating D.engaging33.A.life-changing B.cutting-edge C.cost-effective D.gene-altered34.A.considerable B.comprehensive C.innovative D.responsible35.A.remarkable B.complex C.hidden D.harsh【答案】21.A22.C23.A24.D25.B26.A27.B28.D29.A30.C31.B32.A33.B34.D35.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了海洋“暮光地带”（中水层）位于海面下200至1000米，虽环境恶劣却物种丰富、生态多样。其生物有独特生存适应方式，且每日垂直迁移，是最大规模定期动物迁徙。“暮光地带”为大型捕食者供食，是“生物泵”关键部分，可减缓气候变化。人们需加深了解，制定政策保护生物多样性、合理利用资源，在全球挑战下，保护“暮光地带”意义重大。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这片光线暗淡的区域，阳光照射不到，温度低，压力大，但却居住着大量的海洋物种。A.housed让……居住；B.excluded排除；C.limited限制；D.obtained获得。根据下文“Recentstudiessuggestthatitsfishbiomassmaybetentimesgreaterthanpreviouslyestimated”可知，鱼类生物量可能是以前估计的十倍。由此可知，此处应表示这片区域虽然环境恶劣，但“居住”着大量的海洋物种。故选A项。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最近的研究表明，它的鱼类生物量可能是以前估计的十倍，使其成为地球上最多样化的生态系统之一。A.efficient高效的；B.intensive密集的；C.diverse多样的；D.internal内部的。根据上文“Recentstudiessuggestthatitsfishbiomassmaybetentimesgreaterthanpreviouslyestimated”可知，该区域鱼类生物量比之前估计的十倍，说明是一个物种“多样的”生态系统。故选C项。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些生物中的许多都表现出独特的适应能力，以便在这种黑暗、高压的环境中生存。A.adaptations适应性变化，适应能力；B.preferences偏好；C.insights洞察力；D.rhythms节奏。根据下文“surviveinthisdark,high-pressureenvironment”可知，这些生物在黑暗、高压环境中生存，展现出独特的“适应性”。故选A项。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个有趣的例子是反照明，小鱼从它们的底部发出光来匹配上面的表面光，让下面的大鱼几乎看不见它们。A.flexible灵活的；B.incredible难以置信的；C.perceptible可察觉的；D.invisible看不见的。根据上文“smallfishgeneratelightfromtheirundersidestomatchthesurfacelightabove”可知，小鱼通过反照明使自己与上面的光线匹配，让下面的大鱼几乎“看不见”它们。故选D项。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在暮光地带最引人注目的现象之一是它的居民每天的垂直旅行。A.escape逃跑；B.journey行程，旅程；C.settlement定居；D.exploration探索。根据下文“Everynight,countlessfish,squid,andplanktonswimtothesurfacetofeedunderthecoverofdarkness.”可知，twilightzone的居民每天进行垂直“移动”。“journey”有“行程、旅程”的意思，这里指生物的垂直移动过程，符合语境。故选B项。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：黎明时分，它们回到更深更安全的水域。A.deeper更深的；B.shallower更浅的；C.warmer更温暖的；D.clearer更清澈的。根据文章开头“themidwater,isagloballayerofwaterstretchingfrom200to1,000metersbelowtheoceansurface”可知，twilightzone在水下200到1000米，所以黎明时它们回到更深的地方。故选A项。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这片暮光地带为鲸鱼和鲨鱼等大型捕食者提供了食物，它们在生态方面很有价值。A.economic经济的；B.ecological生态的；C.evolutionary进化的；D.biological生物的。根据上文“Thetwilightzoneprovidesfoodforlargerpredatorslikewhalesandsharks”可知，鲸鱼和鲨鱼等大型捕食者对生态系统很重要。故选B项。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：它有助于将二氧化碳从地表水转移到深海，防止其以温室气体的形式返回大气。A.bouncing反弹；B.reflecting反射；C.dumping倾倒；D.returning返回。根据上文“Ithelpstransfercarbondioxidefromsurfacewaterstothedeepocean”可知，twilightzone帮助将二氧化碳从表层水转移到深海，防止其“返回”大气。故选D项。【29题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，商业捕鱼利益已经瞄准了这一地区。A.However然而；B.Therefore因此；C.Additionally此外；D.Consequently结果。根据上文“Despiteitsecologicalimportance,thetwilightzoneremainslargelyunexplored.”以及下文内容可知，尽管twilightzone很重要，但商业捕鱼已经瞄准了这个区域，前后是转折关系。故选A项。【30题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在对鱼粉和其他产品日益增长的需求的推动下，挪威和日本等国已经开始工业化捕捞濒临灭绝的生物。A.agricultural农业的；B.residential娱乐的；C.industrial工业的；D.recreational娱乐的。根据下文“drivenbythegrowingdemandforfishmealandotherproducts”可知，挪威和日本等国在商业利益驱动下开始“工业化”捕捞twilight-zone的生物。故选C项。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了确保暮光地带的可持续利用和保护，我们需要回答有关其生物多样性、生命周期、食物网以及在全球碳循环中的作用等关键问题。A.consumption消耗；B.conservation保护；C.exploitation探索；D.intervention干预。根据下文“weneedtoanswerkeyquestionsaboutitsbiodiversity,lifecycles,foodwebs,androleintheglobalcarboncycle”可知，为了可持续利用和“保护”twilightzone，我们需要了解它的相关信息。故选B项。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，由于该地区幅员辽阔，变化迅速，难以捕捉和观察其脆弱的生物，因此对该地区的研究具有挑战性。A.challenging有挑战性的；B.rewarding有回报的；C.fascinating迷人的；D.engaging吸引人的。根据下文“duetoitsvastness,rapidchanges,andthedifficultyincapturingandobservingitsdelicateorganisms”可知，该地区幅员辽阔，变化迅速，难以捕捉和观察其脆弱的生物。由此可知，对该地区的研究具有挑战性。故选A项。【33题详解】考查形容词短语辨析。句意：这项计划将先进的声学、高分辨率相机和基因技术等尖端技术与传统方法结合起来，研究这个复杂的生态系统。A.life-changing改变生活的；B.cutting-edge尖端的；C.cost-effective划算的；D.gene-altered基因改变的。根据下文“suchasadvancedacoustics,high-resolutioncameras,andgenetictechniques”可知，该研究项目结合了“尖端的”技术，如先进的声学、高分辨率相机和基因技术。故选B项。【34题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通过加深我们对暮光地带的了解，我们可以制定政策来保护其生物多样性，并确保负责任地使用其资源。A.considerable相当大的；B.comprehensive全面的；C.innovative创新的；D.responsible负责任的。根据上文“wecandeveloppoliciestoprotectitsbiodiversity”可知，通过了解暮光地带，我们可以制定政策保护其生物多样性，确保“负责任地”利用其资源。故选D项。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：海洋暮光地带仍然是一个隐藏的世界，有着令人难以置信的生物多样性和生态重要性。A.remarkable显著的；B.complex复杂的；C.hidden隐藏的；D.harsh严酷的。根据句意以及下文“incrediblebiodiversityandecologicalimportance”可知，海洋暮光地带是一个“隐藏的”世界，有着令人难以置信的生物多样性和生态重要性。故选C项。SectionB(22分)Dircctions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustreadAGeorgeBarrisisnotjustanordinarycardesigner;heisavisionarywhotransformsvehiclesintocustom-craftedmasterpiecestailoredtohisclients’wildestimaginations.Sincetheearly1940s,hispioneeringcreationshavedominatedbothbigscreensandtheprivatecollectionsofHollywood’scelebrities.Attheageof7,GeorgeBarrisandhisbrotherreceiveda1925Buickfromtheirparents.Theymadechangestoit,repainteditandthensoldit.ThisexperiencesparkedBarris’lifelongpassionfortransformingautomobiles.Later,Georgestartedturningregularcarsintofastracingcars.Hollywoodsoonrecognizedhistalent,contractinghimin1958todesignhisfirstcustomvehicleforthefilmHighSchoolConfidential.ManyHollywoodstarsflockedtoBarris,demandingone-of-a-kindvehicles.ThelistofclientsincludesJohnWayne,ElvisPresley,theBeatles,FrankSinatraandmanyothers.CustomizingcarsbecamepopularafterWorldWarII,becausepeoplesoughtsomethingpersonaltoexpresstheirindividuality.Carclubsemerged,andtheappetitefornewvehiclesgrew,especiallyamongthewealthy.Thebigautomobilecompaniesdidnotventureintothismarket,leavingthefieldopentoindependentoperatorssuchasGeorgeBarrisandothers.However,nobodycouldmatchBarris’sskillinthisfield.Inthe1960s,BarriscreatedtheblackandredBatmobile,themostdistinctivecaroftheTVseriesbasedonthecomicbook.ForthehittelevisionshowTheMunsters,hetookthreeModelTFordsandskillfullycutandcombinedthemtocraftthefamily’suniquemodeoftransportation,theKoach.Thisvehiclefeaturedaninteriorthatwasspeciallydesignedtolooklikeacoffin(棺材),perfectlycapturingthegothicaesthetic(美学)oftheshow.TheKoachquicklybecamecloselyassociatedwithTheMunsters,justastheBatmobilewaswithitsownseries.GeorgeBarrishasbeendesigningcarsforoversixdecades.Heisalegendinthecardesignbusiness,oftenreferredtoasthe“VanGogh”oftheautomobileindustry.At80,hissonanddaughterhavetakenovertheday-to-dayoperationsofthebusiness,buthestillactivelydesignscarsinhisstudio.36.WhatfirstledGeorgeBarrisandhisbrothertostartworkingoncars?A.TheambitiontodesigncarsforHollywood.BThefascinationwithcelebritycarcollections.C.Thepassionforturningregularcarsintoracecars.D.Theinspirationfromgettingacarasachildhoodgift.37.WhatwastheprimaryreasonfortheriseofcarcustomizationafterWorldWarII?A.TheriseofcarclubsdemandingexclusivedesignsB.TheinnovationsinautomotiveproductiontechnologyC.People’sgrowingappetitefordistinctiveself-expressionD.Post-wareconomicrecoveryboostingconsumerspending38.Theunderlinedphrase“VanGogh”isusedtoindicatethatGeorgeBarriswas________A.apioneerofabstractdesigns B.amasterofartisticinnovationsC.acreatorofpopculturesymbols D.apromoterofmainstreammodels39.Whatisthemostappropriatetitleforthepassage?A.CustomCarClubs:Post-WarBoominPopularityB.Hollywood’sGreatCarDesigner:GeorgeBarrisC.GeorgeBarris:ALegendinCustomCarInnovationD.ClassicCarDesigns:Batmobile&KoachHighlights【答案】36.D37.C38.B39.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了汽车改造大师乔治·巴里斯的个人经历以及他在汽车改造行业所取得的成就。【36题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Attheageof7,GeorgeBarrisandhisbrotherreceiveda1925Buickfromtheirparents.Theymadechangestoit,repainteditandthensoldit.ThisexperiencesparkedBarris’lifelongpassionfortransformingautomobiles.(7岁时，乔治·巴里斯和他的兄弟从父母那里得到了一辆1925年产的别克车。他们对它做了改动，重新粉刷，然后卖掉了。这次经历激发了巴里斯对改造汽车的毕生热情)”可知，作为童年礼物得到一辆汽车的灵感让乔治·巴里斯和他的兄弟开始研究汽车。故选D。【37题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“CustomizingcarsbecamepopularafterWorldWarII,becausepeoplesoughtsomethingpersonaltoexpresstheirindividuality.Carclubsemerged,andtheappetitefornewvehiclesgrew,especiallyamongthewealthy.(第二次世界大战后，定制汽车开始流行起来，因为人们寻求一些个性化的东西来表达他们的个性。汽车俱乐部出现了，对新车的需求也在增长，尤其是在富人中)”可知，第二次世界大战后汽车定制兴起的主要原因是人们对与众不同的自我表达的胃口越来越大。故选C。【38题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Inthe1960s,BarriscreatedtheblackandredBatmobile,themostdistinctivecaroftheTVseriesbasedonthecomicbook.ForthehittelevisionshowTheMunsters,hetookthreeModelTFordsandskillfullycutandcombinedthemtocraftthefamily’suniquemodeoftransportation,theKoach.Thisvehiclefeaturedaninteriorthatwasspeciallydesignedtolooklikeacoffin(棺材),perfectlycapturingthegothicaesthetic(美学)oftheshow.(在20世纪60年代，巴里斯创造了黑色和红色的蝙蝠车，这是根据漫画改编的电视剧中最具特色的汽车。在热门电视节目《明斯特一家》中，他拿了三辆T型福特，巧妙地将它们切割和组合，打造出这家人独特的交通工具——科赫。这辆车的内饰是特别设计的，看起来像一个棺材，完美地捕捉了这个节目的哥特式美学)”以及最后一段“Heisalegendinthecardesignbusiness,oftenreferredtoasthe“VanGogh”oftheautomobileindustry.(他是汽车设计界的传奇人物，常被称为汽车行业的“梵高”)”可知，乔治·巴里斯一生中改造了许多汽车，有过很多汽车的创新，所以画线的短语“梵高”是用来表示乔治·巴里斯是一位艺术创新大师。故选B。【39题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“GeorgeBarrisisnotjustanordinarycardesigner;heisavisionarywhotransformsvehiclesintocustom-craftedmasterpiecestailoredtohisclients’wildestimaginations.(乔治·巴里斯不仅仅是一位普通的汽车设计师；他是一个有远见的人，他把汽车改造成定制的杰作，以满足客户最疯狂的想象)”结合文章主要介绍了汽车改造大师乔治·巴里斯的个人经历以及他在汽车改造行业所取得的成就。可知，C选项“乔治·巴里斯：定制汽车创新的传奇”最符合文章标题。故选C。BAbrain-computerinterface(BCI)isasystemthatdeterminesfunctionalintent—thedesiretochange,move,control,orinteractwithsomethinginyourenvironment—directlyfromyourbrainactivity.Inotherwords,BCIsallowyoutocontrolanapplicationoradeviceusingonlyyourmind.Whenitcomestomotorcontrol,ifwewanttointeractwithadeviceinourenvironment(e.g.alamp),wefirstdecidewhatwewanttodo(turnonthelamp),thenwecoordinate(协调)andusethemusclesinourarms,legs,hands,feet,etc.,toperformthataction(reachoutwithyourfingerandpressthelampson/offswitch)andthenfinallythedevicerespondstothataction(thelampturnson).BCIsbypassthatmiddlestepofcoordinatingandusingyourmusclestoperformthedesiredaction,insteadusingacomputertoidentifytheintendedactionandthencontrollingtheapplicationofdevicedirectly.Abrain-computerinterface(BCI)functionsthroughaseriesofinterconnectedsteps.Initially,aspecializeddevicecapturesthebrain’selectricalactivity,providingrawdatathatreflectstheuser’sintentions.Thisdataisthensenttoacomputer,whichprocessesandanalyzesthesignalstodecodetheuser’sdesiredactions.Finally,theinterpretedinformationcontrolsanexternalapplicationordevice,allowingtheusertointeractsmoothly.Thisintegrationofmeasurement,analysis,andcontrolformsthebackboneofBCItechnology.AnotherimportantstepofaBCIisfeedback:thesystemmustsomehowlettheuserknowwhatdecisionorintendedactionthecomputerwasabletointerpret.Inourpreviousexample,thelampsuccessfullyturningonindicatestotheuserthattheBCIsuccessfullyidentifiedtheactiontheuserwanted.ProvidingfeedbackhelpstheuseradapttotheBCIsystem,learninghowtheycancontrolandadjusttheirbrainactivity,justaswecanlearntocoordinateandcontrolourmusclesandbodies.40.HowdoesaBCIdifferfrommotorcontrol?A.Itskipsphysicalperformanceviamuscles.B.Itrequiresstrongermusclemovements.C.Itcoordinatesavarietyofbodyparts.DItreliesentirelyonexternalsensors.41.WhatroledoesthecomputerplayinaBCIsystem?A.Measuringbrainactivitythroughsensors.B.Providingphysicalfeedbacktotheuser.C.ProcessingbrainsignalstoidentifyintentD.Replacingtheuser’sdecision-makingprocess.42.Whichstepintheillustrationhelpsusersadaptandconfirmtheirintendedaction?A.① B.② C.③ D.④【答案】40.A41.C42.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了脑机接口（BCI）的定义，工作原理、应用和前景。【40题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“BCIsbypassthatmiddlestepofcoordinatingandusingyourmusclestoperformthedesiredaction,insteadusingacomputertoidentifytheintendedactionandthencontrollingtheapplicationofdevicedirectly.(BCIs绕过了协调和使用肌肉来执行预期动作的中间步骤，而是使用计算机识别预期动作，然后直接控制设备的应用)”可知，脑机接口（BCI）绕过了协调和使用肌肉来执行期望动作的中间步骤，而运动控制需要协调和使用肌肉来完成动作，所以BCI与运动控制的不同在于它跳过了通过肌肉进行的身体表现。故选A项。【41题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Initially,aspecializeddevicecapturesthebrain’selectricalactivity,providingrawdatathatreflectstheuser’sintentions.Thisdataisthensenttoacomputer,whichprocessesandanalyzesthesignalstodecodetheuser’sdesiredactions.(起初，一个专门的设备捕捉大脑的电活动，提供反映用户意图的原始数据。然后，这些数据被发送到计算机，计算机对这些信号进行处理和分析，以解码用户想要的动作)”可知，计算机在BCI系统中的作用是处理大脑信号以识别意图。故选C项。【42题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“AnotherimportantstepofaBCIisfeedback:thesystemmustsomehowlettheuserknowwhatdecisionorintendedactionthecomputerwasabletointerpret.Inourpreviousexample,thelampsuccessfullyturningonindicatestotheuserthattheBCIsuccessfullyidentifiedtheactiontheuserwanted.ProvidingfeedbackhelpstheuseradapttotheBCIsystem,learninghowtheycancontrolandadjusttheirbrainactivity,justaswecanlearntocoordinateandcontrolourmusclesandbodies.(BCI的另一个重要步骤是反馈：系统必须以某种方式让用户知道计算机能够解释的决定或预期动作。在前面的示例中，灯成功打开向用户表明BCI成功识别了用户想要的操作。提供反馈可以帮助用户适应BCI系统，学习如何控制和调整大脑活动，就像我们可以学习协调和控制我们的肌肉和身体一样)”可知，反馈这一步骤帮助用户适应BCI系统并确认他们的预期动作，在图示中，④表示外部设备（如灯）对用户意图的反应，即反馈，所以④这一步骤帮助用户适应和确认他们的预期动作，D选项正确。①②③这三个步骤都不是反馈步骤，A、B、C错误。故选D项。CThetechnologicalsingularity(技术奇点)isatheoreticalscenariowheretechnologicalgrowthbecomesuncontrollableandirreversible,leadingtoprofoundandunpredictablechangestohumancivilization.Intheory,thisphenomenonisdrivenbytheemergenceofartificialintelligence(AI)thatsurpasseshumancognitive(认知的)capabilitiesandcanautonomouslyenhanceitself.Thetheorysuggeststhatsuchadvancementscouldevolveatapacesorapidthathumanswouldbeunabletoforeseeorstoptheprocess.Theimplicationsofre