江苏省镇江市2018-2019学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题

PAGE30-0江苏省镇江市2018-2019学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题注意：本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分。两部分答案都做在答题纸上。总分为150分。考试时间120分钟。第I卷（选择题共105分）第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题纸上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatdidthewomandofortheman?A.Shegothimajob.B.Shepaidforhisdinner.C.Shelookedafterhiscat.2.WhatwillthemandothisSaturdaynight?A.Attendaconcert.B.Gotoamovie.C.Watchagame.3.Whywillthemanreturnhismeal?A.Itistoocold.B.Thereisahairinit.C.Hegotthewrongorder.4.Howmuchdoestheplaneticketcosttoday?A.$500.B.$700.C.$1000.5.Whatistheconversationmainlyabout?A,Shoes.B.Birthdays.C.Agym.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读各个小题；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答第6至第7题。6.WhatisTomdoing?A.Havingameal.B.Shoppinginamarket.C.Talkingwithhisaunt.7.WhenwillLilygetinataxi?A.Infiveminutes.B.Intenminutes.C.Infifteenminutes.听下面一段对话，回答第8至第9题。8.Howdoesthewomanfeelaboutdrivinginthecity?A.Excited.B.Anxious.C.Calm.9.Wherewillthespeakerspark?A.Byamusicstore.B.Byarestaurant.C.Byamall.听下面一段对话，回答第10至第12题。10.Howmanypeoplewillbeinthegroup?A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.11.Whydothespeakerschoosetodoaperformance?A.Everyoneelsewillchoosetodoone.B.Theywanttobecreative.C.Theteachersaidtheymustdoone.12.Howoftenwillthegroupmeet?A,Onceaweek.B.Threetimesaweek.C.Fourtimesaweek.听下面一段对话，回答第13至第16题。13.Whattypeofroomwillthemanstayin?A.Thepoolsideroom.B.Theoceanviewroom.C.Thegardenviewroom.14.Whatwillthemandowhilehe'swaiting?A.Playtennis.B.Sitonthesofas.C.Goforaswim.15.Wherewillthemangotoabouttwohours?A.Tothezoo.B.Totheopera.C.Tothemuseum.16.Whattimedoesbreakfaststart?A.At7:00.B.At7:30.C.At8:30.听下面一段独白：回答第17至第20题。17.WhatdidJohnMuirwrite?A.Reportsaboutanimals.B.Letterstothegovernment.C.Booksabouthisadventures.18.WhatwasfoundedbyJohnMuirin1892?A.YosemiteValley.B.TheSierraClub.C.SequoiaNationalPark19.Accordingtothetalk,whatis211milesSong?A.JohnMuirWay.B.JohnMuirRoad.C.JohnMuirTrail.20.WhichlocationwasJohnMuirmostfamousfor?A.Nevada.B.Scotland.C.California.第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。第一节：单项填空（共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分）1.Therecent40yearsgreatchangestakingplacealloverChina.A.witnessedB.haswitnessedC.hadwitnessedD.witnesses【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查时态。句意：近40年来，中国发生了巨大的变化。表示动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去，用现在完成时，故选B。2.Isanypossibilitythemajorityofthelabourforcewillworkathomeinthenextfewdecades?A.it;thatB.there;whetherC.it;whetherD.there;that【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查同位语从句和therebe句型。句意：未来几十年，大多数劳动力有可能在家工作吗?这里是一个therebe句型，排除A和C；themajorityofthelabourforcewillworkathomeinthenextfewdecades是一个同位语从句，引导词在从句中不作任何成分，也没有实际意义，用that，故选D。3.StevegavealookandsaidhehadnoideawhatIwastalkingabout.A.optimisticB.blankC.outgoingD.tiling【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：Steve茫然地看了我一眼，说他不知道我在说什么。根据hehadnoideawhatIwastalkingabout.可知这里意思是“Steve茫然地看了我一眼”，A.optimistic乐观的；B.blank茫然的；C.outgoing外向的；D.tiling瓷砖，故选B。4.Whenyou'realwayswantingmoreandalwayslookingforwardtoatimeyou'llbe"happy",you'llneverbereallyhappy.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.what【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：当你总是想要更多，总是期待一个你会“快乐”的时刻，你永远不会真正快乐。you'llbe"happy"是一个定语从句，先行词是atime，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故选C。5.Thesuccessofherbookhasgivenherhighsocial.A.statusB.sculptureC.approvalD.figure【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：她的书的成功给了她很高的社会地位。A.status地位；B.sculpture雕塑；C.approval批准；D.figure数字，根据题意，故选A。6.—There'snoneedtotakeanyfood,Mom,I'msofull.—Comeon,baby.Takesomejust.A.inadvanceB.inviewC.incaseD.intime【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：——没有必要带任何食物，妈妈，我太饱了。——来吧，宝贝。带一些以防万一。A.inadvance提前；B.inview在视野范围内；C.incase万一；D.intime及时，根据题意，故选C。7.China'sfirstself-designedmodembridgereopenedtoroadtraffic,weChineseweresoproudwhenitwasbuilt50yearsago.A.towhichB.forwhichC.inwhichD.ofwhich【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：中国第一座自行设计的现代化大桥对道路运输重新开放，50年前它被建造，我们中国人为之自豪。weChineseweresoproudwhenitwasbuilt50yearsago.是一个定语从句，先行词是China'sfirstself-designedmodembridge，关系词在从句中作宾语，指物，beproudof以……而骄傲，介词提到关系代词的前面，故选D。8.Sinceitsintroduction,theBeidounavigationsystem（导航系统）hasbeentoeverydaylife,fromsharedbikestofarming.A.appliedB.advancedC.exploredD.supplied【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查动词辨析。句意：自推出以来，北斗导航系统已应用于日常生活，从共享自行车到农业。A.applied应用；B.advanced前进；C.explored开发；D.supplied供应，根据题意，故选A。9.TherequirementofthegovernmentisthatthecitizensnotsetofffireworksfromJanuary1,2019on.A.shallB.shouldC.canD.may【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：政府的要求是，从2019年1月1日起，市民不得燃放烟花爆竹。当requirement等名词后接表语从句时，从句的谓语用“should+动词原形”的形式来构成虚拟语气，故选B。10.greatfamehehaswon,KrisWu,apopularChinese-Canadiansinger,istryingtobridgetheEastandWestwithhismusic.A.HoweverB.WhateverC.WheneverD.Wherever【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查连词辨析。句意：无论他赢得了多大的名气，吴亦凡，一个受欢迎的华裔加拿大歌手，正试图用他的音乐连接东西方。A.However然而；B.Whatever无论；C.Whenever无论何时；D.Wherever无论哪里，根据题意，故选B。11.Successalwayshidesbehindthenextcomerintheroad,soyouwillneverknowhowcloseitliesyouturnthecomer.A.asB.ifC.thoughD.unless【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查连词辨析。句意：成功总是藏在路的另一个拐角处，所以你永远不会知道它离你有多近，除非你转过这个拐角。A.as因为；B.if如果；C.though尽管；D.unless除非，根据题意，故选D。12.Ifyousomethingsuchasastoryorexcuse,youinventit,sometimesinordertocheatpeople.A.takeupB.makeupC.lookupD.keepup【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果你编造一个故事或借口，你虚构了它，有时是为了欺骗别人。A.takeup开始从事；B.makeup编造；C.lookup查阅；D.keepup保持，根据题意，故选B。13.Jonahwasalittleworriedbecauseheanewjobthenextdayandhewasn'tsurewhetherhewouldbefitforit.A.havedoneB.willdoC.wastodoD.did【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查时态。句意：Jonah有点担心，因为他第二天要做一份新工作，他不确定自己是否能胜任。表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或呈现的状态，用过去将来时，故选C。14.—ItwashardworkthatwonFrankthebestscoresoneachtest,?—Yes.Whenitcomestostudy,hardworkcounts.A.wasitB.wasn’titC.diditD.didn’tit【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查反义疑问句。——正是努力地学习，使得Frank每次考试都得最高分，不是吗?——是的。说到学习，努力学习很重要。反意疑问句由“陈述句+简略疑问句”两部分组成，第一部分提出一种看法，第二部分用来质疑或表示证实。疑问部分与陈述部分的动词时态和动词性质应保持一致，而且肯定和否定形式彼此相反，即陈述部分为肯定式时，疑问部分用否定式，陈述部分为否定式时，疑问部分用肯定式。这里含有一个强调句，强调句型的反意疑问句，后半部分的附加疑问句部分的主语和谓语以及时态要与强调句型本身保持一致，故选B。15.—WouldyoumindifIclosedthedoor,asitissocold?—Ofcoursenot..A.MypleasureB.ItdependsC.WithpleasureD.Goahead【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查情景对话。句意：——你介意我把门关上吗？因为太冷了。——当然不，干吧。A.Mypleasure别客气；B.Itdepends看情况而定；C.Withpleasure乐意地；D.Goahead干吧，根据题意，故选D。第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题15分，满分30分）请认真阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。"Paige,godowntotheoffice,"saidmyteacher,Therewasastrangetone（语气）inher___16___.Iwasneverknowntogetintotrouble,soIknewsomethingwas___17___.Itgotevenmore___18___whenmyteachersaidmymomwasonthephone.Didsomethinghappentomy___19___?Ipickedupthephone;Iwasbarelybreathingandmyhandswere___20___."Honey,therewasabankrobberytodayandyourdadwas___21___inthecarchasethatfollowed.Heisdoingokay,butshotswerefiredathissquad(特别行动小组)."Mydadhasbeena___22___forover25years.Everydayofmylife,Ihavelivedwiththe___23___thoughtthatsomethingcouldhappentohim.Ihavealwaysbeen___24___tomydad,andIdonotknowwhatIwoulddoifhewastakenawayfromme,Iamso___25___ofhisjob,butImustadmititwouldbe___26___ifhehadanormaljob.OnApril28,mydadgotthecalltogotoabankrobbery.Therobbery___27___acarchase.Mydadwasdrivingfastto___28___therobber.Overtheradio,afellowofficerwasyellingathim___29___himtherobberwaspointingaguntowardshissquad.Threeshotswerefired.Mycladnarrowlyescapedthosebullets.AllIhadtohearwasthatmydadwasinvolvedinashooting,andIwas___30___hisfuneral(葬礼).Ithoughtthedaywouldneverend.MymomandIsatathomewaitingformydadtowalkthroughthedoor.Thesecondhedid.Irusheduptohimandgavehimthebiggest___31___intheworld.Lifeisabout___32___itwiththeonesyoulove.Whatisthe___33___oflifeifyoudonothaveyourfriendsandfamily?Thisexperiencehastaughtmea___34___.Ihavelearnedtolivemylifetothe___35___andnevertotakeanyoneoranythingforgranted.16.A.mindB.heartC.voiceD.appearance17.A.wrongB.excitingC.boringD.common18.A.encouragingB.confusingC.satisfyingD.annoying19.A.schoolB.classC.familyD.committee20.A.wavingB.shakingC.sufferingD.moving21.A.lostB.heldC.involvedD.taken22.A.policemanB.coachC.professorD.doctor23.A.anxiousB.optimisticC.interestingD.unnecessary24.A.hatefulB.closeC.cruelD.helpful25.A.tiredB.proudC.jealousD.ashamed26.A.harderB.poorerC.easierD.wealthier27.A.gaveoutB.tookawayC.cameacrossD.turnedinto28.A.keepupwithB.lookuptoC.riseupagainstD.getawayfrom29.A.inspiringB.warningC.comfortingD.instructing30.A.describingB.refusingC.holdingD.imagining31.A.demandB.hugC.successD.shock32.A.comparingB.sharingC.hidingD.regretting33.A.wayB.atmosphereC.fortuneD.point34.A.subjectB.rateC.lessonD.skill35.A.happiestB.fullestC.longestD.highest【答案】16.C17.A18.B19.C20.B21.C22.A23.A24.B25.B26.C27.D28.A29.B30.D31.B32.B33.D34.C35.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要讲了作者的父亲是一名警察，在一次飞车追捕抢劫犯的行动中，与死神擦肩而过。这次经历让作者学会了充实地生活，不再把任何人或任何事视为理所当然。【16题详解】考查名词辨析。根据tone可知这里意思是她的声音里有一种很奇怪的语气。A.mind理智；B.heart心脏；C.voice声音；D.appearance外貌，故选C。【17题详解】考查形容词辨析。根据Iwasneverknowntogetintotrouble可知这里意思是所以我知道出了一些事。A.wrong失常的；B.exciting令人心奋的；C.boring无聊的；D.common普通的，故选A。【18题详解】考查形容词辨析。根据whenmyteachersaidmymomwasonthephone.可知这让我更加的困惑。A.encouraging令人鼓舞的；B.confusing混乱的；C.satisfying令人满意的；D.annoying讨厌的，故选B。【19题详解】考查名词辨析。上文说老师说：我的母亲让我接电话，由此推断出我会猜想是我的家人出事了吗？A.school学校；B.class班级；C.family家人；D.committee委员会，故选C。【20题详解】考查动词辨析。根据Iwasbarelybreathing可知我的手在颤动。A.waving挥动；B.shaking颤动；C.suffering受苦；D.moving移动，故选B。【21题详解】考查动词辨析。根据AllIhadtohearwasthatmydadwasinvolvedinashooting可知这里意思是你的父亲参与了汽车追捕。A.lost失去；B.held握住；C.involved参与；D.taken拿，故选C。【22题详解】考查名词辨析。根据Overtheradio,afellowofficerwasyellingathim___14___himtherobberwaspointingaguntowardshissquad.可推断出我的父亲是一名警察。A.policeman警察；B.coach教练；C.professor教授；D.doctor医生，故选A。【23题详解】考查形容词辨析。根据thatsomethingcouldhappentohim.可知我每天都有焦虑的想法。A.anxious焦虑的；B.optimistic乐观的；C.interesting有趣的；D.unnecessary不必要的，故选A。【24题详解】考查形容词辨析。根据andIdonotknowwhatIwoulddoifhewastakenawayfromme可知我和我的父亲很亲密。A.hateful可恶的；B.close紧密的；C.cruel残忍的；D.helpful有帮助的，故选B。【25题详解】考查形容词辨析。根据butImustadmititwouldbe___11___ifhehadanormaljob.可知我为他的工作感到自豪。A.tired疲倦的；B.proud自豪的；C.jealous妒忌的；D.ashamed惭愧的，故选B。【26题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：但我必须承认，如果他有一份正常的工作，事情会容易得多。A.harder更难的；B.poorer更贫穷的；C.easier更容易；D.wealthier更富有，故选C。【27题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：抢劫变成了汽车追逐。A.gaveout分发；B.tookaway带走；C.cameacross偶遇；D.turnedinto变成，故选D。【28题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我爸爸开得很快，以便赶上那个强盗。A.keepupwith赶得上；B.lookupto尊敬；C.riseupagainst奋起反抗；D.getawayfrom摆脱，故选A。【29题详解】考查动词辨析。根据therobberwaspointingaguntowardshissquad.可知一位警官在警告他。A.inspiring鼓舞；B.warning警告；C.comforting安慰；D.instructing指导，故选B。【30题详解】考查动词辨析。根据Thesecondhedid.Irusheduptohimandgavehimthebiggest___16___intheworld.可知我在想象他的葬礼。A.describing描述；B.refusing拒绝；C.holding召开；D.imagining想象，故选D。【31题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：我冲向他，给了他世界上最大的拥抱。A.demand要求；B.hug拥抱；C.success成功；D.shock震惊，故选B。【32题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：生活就是与你所爱的人分享它。A.comparing比较；B.sharing分享；C.hiding隐藏；D.regretting后悔，故选B。【33题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：如果你没有朋友和家人，生活还有什么意义?A.way方法；B.atmosphere大气；C.fortune运气；D.point要点，故选D。【34题详解】考查名词辨析。根据Ihavelearnedtolivemylifetothe___20___andnevertotakeanyoneoranythingforgranted.可知这次经历教给我一个教训。A.subject科目；B.rate比率；C.lesson教训；D.skill技能，故选C。【35题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：我学会了充实地生活，从不把任何人或任何事视为理所当然。A.happiest快乐的；B.fullest最充实的；C.longest最长的；D.highest最高的，故选B。【点睛】完形填空的解题技巧之一就是要根据上下文来学会“推理”出最佳选项。同学们要遵循“上下求索”的原则来查找信息。例如，小题5根据Iwasbarelybreathing可知我的手在颤动。A.waving挥动；B.shaking颤动；C.suffering受苦；D.moving移动，故选B。小题7根据Overtheradio,afellowofficerwasyellingathim___14___himtherobberwaspointingaguntowardshissquad.可推断出我的父亲是一名警察。A.policeman警察；B.coach教练；C.professor教授；D.doctor医生，故选A。第三部分：阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。AThebestbooksoftheyearFiction|Simon&Schuster$26.AsymmetryByLisaHallidayThefirstsection,"Folly,"isthestoryofaloveaffairbetweenabookeditorandanelderlynovelist.Thesecondsection,"Madness"describesanIraqi-AmericaneconomistwhoisbeingheldupatHeathrowairport.In"Asymmetry,"twoseeminglyunrelatedsectionsareconnectedbyashockingfinale.Fiction|Viking.$27.TheGreatBelieversByRebeccaMakkaiSetintheChicagoofthemid-80sandParisatthetimeofthe2015terroristattacks,Makkai'sdeeplyaffectingnovelusestheAIDSepidemicandamother'ssearchforherdistantdaughtertoexploretheeffectsofsenselesslossandoureffortstoovercomeit.Nonfiction|RandomHouse$28.EducatedByTaraWestoverWestover'sextraordinarymemoir(回忆录)isanactofcourageandself-invention.Theyoungestofsevenchildren,shegrewupinIdaho,inasurvivalistfamilylackingevenabirthcertificate(证明)anddidnotattendschooluntilshewenttocollege.TherewardforhereffortsIsabookthatshowstoagreatthirsttolearn.Nonfiction|Simon&Schuster$37.50.FrederickDouglassByDavidW.BlightDouglasswrotethreeautobiographies(自传）himself,describinghisrisefromslaverytoaroleasoneofthegreatestfiguresofthe19thcentury,butBlight'sworkisfullerthananyofthose,relatingboththepublicandprivatelifeinawaythatDouglasseithercouldnotorwouldnotundertake.36.Whichofthefollowingbooksarepublishedbythesamepublishinghouse?A.Asymmetry&TheGreatBelievers.B.TheGreatBelievers&Educated.C.Educated&FrederickDouglass.D.Asynimetry&FrederickDouglass.37.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Thereisnoconnectionbetweenthetwosectionsin"Asymmetry".B."TheGreatBelievers"issetinapoorfamilyinIdaho.C.Westoverdidn'tattendasingledayofschoolbeforegoingtothecollege.D.Blightwrotethreeautobiographiesaboutboththepublicandprivatelife.【答案】36.D37.C【解析】这是一篇广告布告类阅读。文章主要介绍了几本今年最好的书。【36题详解】细节理解题。答案定位在Asymmetry部分Fiction|Simon&Schuster$26.和FrederickDouglass部分Nonfiction|Simon&Schuster$37.50.可知Asynimetry和FrederickDouglass.是同一家出版社出版的，故选D。【37题详解】细节理解题。答案定位在Educated部分Theyoungestofsevenchildren,shegrewupinIdaho,inasurvivalistfamilylackingevenabirthcertificate(证明)anddidnotattendschooluntilshewenttocollege.可知Westover在上大学之前没有上过一天学，故选C。BSummer'shereanditwon'tbelongbeforeschool-agedkidsacrossAmericastartcomplainingthatthey'retiredofridingtheirbikes,playingatthepark,swimminginthepoolandalltheotherawesomeactivitiestheirparentshopedwouldkeepthempleasantforthenext10weeks.Well,ifit'sanycomfort,suchrapidboredomcouldsuggestthatthekidshaveamazingpowersofmemory.Anewstudyshowsthatthebetteryourshort-termmemoryis,thefasteryoufedsated(过饱的）anddecideyou'vehadenough."Thoughsatiationcanbephysical,likewhenyoufeelfullaftereatingtoomuch,wewereinterestedinthepsychological(心理学的）sideofsatiation.Likewhenyou’rejusttiredofsomething,"NoelleNelson,assistantprofessorofmarketingandconsumerbehavior.SheandhercolleagueJosephReddenattheUniversityofMinnesotatriedtothinkoutsidethelunchbox."Somethingthatwasinterestingtomeisthatsomepeoplegettiredofsamethingsatverydifferentspeeds.Soifyouthinkaboutpopsongsontheradio,somepeoplemuststillbeenjoyingthemandrequestingthemevenafterhearingthemalot.Butalotofotherpeoplearereallysickofthosesamesongs."Thedifference,theresearchersthought,mighthavetodowithmemoriesofpastexperiences.Forexample,studiesshowthatpeoplepushawayfromthedinnertablesoonerwhenthey'reaskedtodescribeindetailwhattheyateearlierforlunch.Sotheresearcherstestedthememorycapacity(能力）ofcollegestudents,ThestudentsthenviewedarepeatingseriesofthreeclassicpaintingslikeTheStarryNight,AmericanGothic,andTheScreamorlistenedandre-listenedtoaseriesofthreepopsongsorthreepiecesofclassicalmusic.Throughoutthetest,thestudentswereaskedtorate（定等级）theirexperiencefromzerototan.Andthebetteraparticipantscoredinthememorytest,thefastertheygotbored."Wefoundthatpeoplewithlargercapacitiesrememberedmoreaboutthemusicorart,whichledtothemgettingtiredofthemusicorartmorequickly.Sorememberingmoredetailsactuallymadethestudentsfeellikethey'dexperiencedthemusicorartmoreoften."Thefindingssuggestthatmarketerscouldcontrolourdesirefortheirproductsbyfiguringoutwaystokeepusfromfullyrememberingourexperiences.Wecouldalsotrickourselvesintoeatinglessjunkfoodbyputtingourselvesinthememoryofaprevious(之前的）snack.Asforkidseasilybored,justtellthemtoforgetaboutit—itmighthelpthemhavemorefun.38.Accordingtothenewstudy,kidsgettiredofsomeactivitiesquicklybecauseof.A.toomanyactivitiesB.goodshort-termmemoryC.fastsatiationD.physicaltiredness39.Theresearchersdidatestoncollegestudentsandfoundthat.A.lowercapacitiescouldhelpthemremembermoreaboutthemusicorartB.thesestudentsgottiredofthingsatthesamespeedC.theyrememberedthethreeclassicpaintingsbetterthanthesongsD.studentswithlargermemorycapacitywouldgetboredfaster40.Theunderlinedword"it"inthelastparagraphrefersto.A.thepastmemoryB.thepastcapacityC.thepastboredomD.thepastcomplaints41.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.School-agedkidstendtohavegoodshort-termmemoryinsummer.B.Badshort-termmemoryismorelikelytomakeusloseinterestinsomethingeasily.C.Thequalityofyourshort-termmemoryaffectsthespeedyoufeelbored.D.Itisimportanttodevelopthememorycapacityofcollegestudents.【答案】38.B39.D40.A41.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇科普类阅读。这篇文章主要讲了短期记忆的质量会影响你感到无聊的速度。【38题详解】细节理解题。答案定位在第一段Well,ifit'sanycomfort,suchrapidboredomcouldsuggestthatthekidshaveamazingpowersofmemory.（好吧，如果这是一种安慰的话，那么这种快速的无聊可能意味着孩子们有惊人的记忆力。）由此可知，根据这项新的研究，由于良好的短期记忆，孩子们很快就会厌倦一些活动，故选B。【39题详解】细节理解题。答案定位在倒数第二段Andthebetteraparticipantscoredinthememorytest,thefastertheygotbored.（参与者在记忆测试中得分越高，他们越容易感到无聊。）由此可知研究人员对大学生进行了一项测试，发现记忆力较强的学生更容易感到无聊，故选D。【40题详解】推理判断题。上文Wecouldalsotrickourselvesintoeatinglessjunkfoodbyputtingourselvesinthememoryofaprevious(之前的）snack.说我们也可以欺骗自己少吃垃圾食品，让自己记住之前吃过的零食。由此可知Asforkidseasilybored,justtellthemtoforgetaboutit意思是对于那些容易感到无聊的孩子，只要告诉他们忘掉过去的记忆就行了。"it"的意思是过去的记忆，故选A。【41题详解】主旨大意题。第一段Anewstudyshowsthatthebetteryourshort-termmemoryis,thefasteryoufedsated(过饱的）anddecideyou'vehadenough.是全文的主题句，结合全文内容，可知这篇文章主要讲了短期记忆的质量会影响你感到无聊的速度，故选C。【点睛】推理判断题要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定的判断和推理，从而得出文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题，做这类题目时，同学们应严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措词、态度和语气等，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词语，然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。小题3，上文Wecouldalsotrickourselvesintoeatinglessjunkfoodbyputtingourselvesinthememoryofaprevious(之前的）snack.说我们也可以欺骗自己少吃垃圾食品，让自己记住之前吃过的零食。由此可知Asforkidseasilybored,justtellthemtoforgetaboutit意思是对于那些容易感到无聊的孩子，只要告诉他们忘掉过去的记忆就行了。"it"的意思是过去的记忆，故选A。CIntheyearsahead,AIwillraisethreebigquestionsforbossesandgovernments.Oneistheeffectonjobs.AlthoughbossespubliclypraisethebroadbenefitsAIwillbringverymuch,theirmaininterestliesincuttingcosts.OneEuropeanbankaskedatechnologycompanytofindawayofreducingthestaffinitsoperationsdepartmentfrom50,000to500.ThisspecialreporthasshownthatAI-enhancedtoolscanhelpreducestaffindepartmentssuchascustomerserviceandhumanresourcesbyalargeamount.TheMcKinseyGlobalInstitutefindsthatby2030upto375mpeople,or14%oftheglobalworkersincompaniesorcountries,couldhavetheirjobsautomatedaway.Bosseswillneedtodecidewhethertheyarepreparedtoofferandpayforretraining,andwhethertheywillgivetimeoffforit.Manycompaniessaytheyareallforworkersdevelopingnewskills,butnotattheemployer’sexpense.AsecondimportantquestionishowtoprotectprivacyasAIspreads.TheInternethasalreadymadeitpossibletotrackpeople'sdigital（数字的）behaviourinextremelysmalldetail.ATwillofferevenbettertoolsforbusinessestomonitorconsumers(客户)andworkers,bothonlineandinthephysicalworld.Consumersaresometimeshappytogoalongwiththisifitresultsinpersonalised（个性化的）service.ButAIprobablybringsprivacyviolations(侵犯)thatareseenasshockingandmorallyunacceptable.Inthewronghands,usefultechnologycouldbeagainstfairandequaltreatment.Countrieswitharecordofthecarefulwatchingofapersonplace,especiallybythepoliceorarmyandhuman-rightsabusesalreadyusingAItomonitorpoliticalactivity.ThepolicearoundtheworldwilluseAItospotcriminals,butmayalsolookonordinarycitizenssecretly,inordertodiscoverthingsorfindoutinformationaboutthem.Newruleswillbeneededtoensureagreementonwhatdegreeofmonitoringisacceptable.ThethirdquestionisabouttheeffectofAIoncompetitioninbusiness.TodaymanyfirmsarecompetingtoprovideAI-enhancedtoolstocompanies.Butatechnologycompanythatachievesartificialintelligencecouldraceaheadofcompetitors,putothersoutofbusinessandlessencompetition.Thisisunlikelytohappeninthenearfuture,butifitdiditwouldbeofgreatconcern.42.Whatcanwelearnfromthesecondparagraph?A.AllthedailybehaviorofpeopleistrackedbytheInternet.B.AIisakindoftechnologyagainstfairandequaltreatment.C.Consumersarehappytobemonitoredaslongasthereissuitableserviceprovided.D.AImaybeappliedinmorewaysincludingdiscoveringthingsaboutordinarypeople.43.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“spot”inParagraph2mean?A.noticeB.preventC.reduceD.analyze44.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothispassage?A.ThestaffinaEuropeanbankhasbeensharplyreducedbyAItechnology.B.AIhasarousedconcernaboutprivacyasitspreads.C.Newrulesformonitoringhavebeenset.D.TechnologycompanieshaveachievedmajorbreakthroughsinAI.45.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.BigriseinprofitsB.possibletrackindigitalbehaviourC.SunnywithachanceofthunderstormsD.Promisingwithaconcernofprivacyprotection【答案】42.D43.A44.B45.C【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章通过说明人工智能的利与弊，暗示人工智能是一把双刃剑，即晴天有雷雨的可能。【42题详解】细节理解题。答案定位在第二段ThepolicearoundtheworldwilluseAItospotcriminals,butmayalsolookonordinarycitizenssecretly,inordertodiscoverthingsorfindoutinformationaboutthem.（世界各地的警察将使用人工智能来发现犯罪分子，但也可能会秘密地监视普通公民，以便发现他们的事情或发现有关他们的信息。）故选D。【43题详解】词义猜测题。在下句butmayalsolookonordinarycitizenssecretly,inordertodiscoverthingsorfindoutinformationaboutthem.中发现关键词lookon，spot与lookon同义，意思是注意。A.notice注意；B.prevent阻止；C.reduce减少；D.analyze对…进行分析，故选A。【44题详解】细节理解题。答案定位在第二段AsecondimportantquestionishowtoprotectprivacyasAIspreads.可知人工智能的传播引起了人们对隐私的关注，故选B。【45题详解】主旨大意题。本文通过说明人工智能的利与弊，暗示人工智能是一把双刃剑，即晴天有雷雨的可能，故选C。DAmotherstareddownathersonwhowasdyingofterminalleukemia(白血病).Likeanyparentshewantedhersontogrowupandrealizeallhisdreams.Shetookherson'shandandasked,"Bopsy,didyoueverthinkaboutwhatyouwantedtobewhenyougrewup?""Mommy,IalwayswantedtobeafiremanwhenIgrewup."Momsmiledbackandsaid,"Let'sseeifwecanmakeyourwishcometrue."LaterthatdayshewenttoherlocalfiredepartmentinPhoenix,Arizona,whereshemetFiremanBob.Sheexplainedherson'sfinalwishandaskedifitmightbepossibletogivehersix-year-oldsonaridearoundtheblockonafireengine.FiremanBobsaid,"Look,wecandobetterthanthat.Ifyou'llhaveyoursonreadyatseveno'clockWednesdaymorning,wellmakehimanhonoraryfiremanforthewholeday,Hecancomedowntothefirestation；,eatwithus,gooutonallthefirecalls,thewholenineyards!And,ifyou'llgiveushissizes,we'llgetarealfireuniformmadeforhim."ThreedayslaterFiremanBobpickedupBopsy,dressedhiminhisfireuniformandescorted（护送）himfromhishospitalbedtothewaitinghookandladdertruck.Bopsygottosituponthebackofthetruckandhelpsteeritbacktothefirestation.Hewasinheaven.TherewerethreefirecallsinPhoenixthatdayandBopsygottogooutonallthreecalls.Herodeinthedifferentfireenginesandeventhefirechief'scar.Havinghisdreamcometrue,withalltheloveandattentionthatwaslavished（慷慨给予）uponhim,Bopsylivedthreemonthslongerthananydoctorthoughtpossible.Onenightallofhisvitalsignsbegantodropandtheheadnursebegantocallthefamilymemberstothehospital.ThensherememberedthedayBopsybadspentasafireman,soshecalledthefirechiefandaskedifitwouldbepossibletosendafiremaninuniformtothehospitaltobewithBopsyashemadehistransition.Thechiefreplied,"Wecandobetterthanthat.We'llbethereinfiveminutes.Willyoupleasedomeafavor?Whenyouhearthesirens（警报器）screamingandseethelightsflashing,willyouannounceoverthePAsystemthatit'sjustthefiredepartmentcomingtoseeoneofitsfinestmembersonemoretime?Andwillyouopenthewindowtohisroom?Thanks?"Aboutfiveminuteslaterahookandladder