英语六级练习题

1•AnalysisandInterpretationoftheNews

Thenewspapermustprovideforthereaderthefacts,unalloyed,unslanted,objectively

selectedfacts.Butinthesedaysofcomplexnewsitmustprovidemore;itmustsupply

interpretation,themeaningofthefacts.Thisisthemostimportantassignmentconfronting

Americanjournalism—tomakecleartothereadertheproblemsoftheday,tomakeinternational

newsasunderstandableascommunitynews,torecognizethatthereisnolongeranysuchthing

(withthepossibleexceptionofsuchscribblingassocietyandclubnews)as“locaTnews,because

anyeventintheinternationalareahasalocalreactioninmanpowerdraft,ineconomicstrain,in

terms,indeed,ofourverywayoflife.

Thereisinjournalismawidespreadviewthatwhenyouembarkoninterpretation,youare

enteringchoppyanddangerouswaters,theswirlingtidesofopinion.Thisisnonsense.

Theopponentsofinterpretationinsistthatthewriterandtheeditorshallconfinehimselfto

the“facts”.Thisinsistenceraisestwoquestions:Whatarethefacts?And:Arethebarefacts

enough?

Astothefirstquery.Considerhowaso-called“factual“storyconesabout.Thereporter

collects,say,fiftyfacts;outofthesefifty,hisspaceallotmentbeingnecessarilyrestricted,he

selectstheten,whichheconsidersmostimportant.ThisisJudgmentNumberOne.Thenheorhis

editordecideswhichofthesetenfactsshallconstitutetheleadofthepiece(Thisisimportant

decisionbecausemanyreadersdonotproceedbeyondthefirstparagraph.)ThisisJudgment

NumberTwo.Thenthenighteditordetermineswhetherthearticleshallbepresentedonpageone,

whereithasalargeimpact,oronpagetwenty-fbur,whereithaslittle.JudgmentNumberThree.

Thus,inthepresentationofaso-called“factual"or“objective“story,atleastthree

judgmentsareinvolved.Andtheyarejudgmentsnotatallunlikethoseinvolvedininterpretation,

inwhichreporterandeditor,callingupontheirgeneralbackground,andtheir“newsneutralism,v

arriveataconclusionastothesignificanceofthenews.

Thetwoareasofjudgment,presentationofthenewsanditsinterpretation,arebothobjective

ratherthensubjectiveprocesses—asobjective,thatis,asanyhumanbeingcanbe.(Notein

passing:eventhoughcompleteobjectivitycanneverbeachieved,neverthelesstheidealmust

alwaysbethebeacononthemurkynewschannels.)Ofaneditorisintentonslantingthenews,he

candoitinotherwaysandmoreeffectivelythanbyinterpretation.Hecandoitbytheselectionof

thosefactsthatpropuphisparticularplea.Orhecandoitbythepayhegivesastory—promoting

ittopageoneordemotingittopagethirty.

1.Thetitlethatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis

[A].InterpretingtheNews.[B].ChoosingFacts.

[C].SubjectiveversusObjectiveProcesses.|D|.EverythingCounts.

2.Whydoesthewriterofanarticleselecttenoutof50availablefacts?

[A].Spaceislimited.[BJ.Hiseditorisprejudiced.

[C].Thesubjectisnotimportant.[D].Heisenteringchoppyanddangerous.

3.Whatistheleasteffectivewayof“slanting“news/

[A].Interpretation.[B].Hiseditorisprejudiced.

[C].Placement.|D|.Concentration.

4.Whyshouldtheleadsentencepresentthemostimportantfact?

［A］.Itwillinfluencethereadertocontinue.

［B］.Itwillbethebestwaytowrite.

［C］.Somereadersdonotreadbeyondthefirstparagraph.

［DJ.Itwillgratifytheeditor.

［词汇］

1.unalloyed纯粹的，没有杂物的2.unslanted无偏见的，不歪曲的

3.scribble胡写，乱写;粗制滥造的文章4.manpowerdraft人力征用，券集

5.economicstrain经济紧张,压力6.embarkon开始,从事

7.choppy波浪滔滔的，变动频繁，紊乱8.query疑问，质问

9.comeabout发生10.allotment分配

11.beacon信标，灯塔，烽火12.murky阴暗的，（雾等）浓的

13.propup给...撑腰，支持14.demote使降级。相应词promote

15.newsneutralism无倾向性新闻，新闻中立主义16.lead（新闻等）导语，提要

［难句］

1.ThisisthemostimportantassignmentconfrontingAmericanjournalism―tomakeclearto

thereadertheproblemsoftheday,tomakeinternationalnewsasunderstandableascommunity

news,torecognizethatthereisnolongeranysuchthing（withthepossibleexceptionofsuch

scribblingassocietyandclubnews）as“local"news,becauseanyeventintheinternationalarea

hasalocalreactioninmanpowerdraft,ineconomicstrain,interms,indeed,ofourverywayof

life.

［结构简析］主从句，句中连用三个不定式，是实际的主语，也就是this的内容。后跟

宾语或宾语从句。

［参考译文］美国报界面临最重要的儿女物是向读者讲清今日存在的问题，使国际新闻

像地区社区新闻一样明白易懂，使他们认识到不再有什么“本地”新闻这类事情（社团或俱

乐部粗制滥造的文章可能要除外），因为国际上任何新闻在人力征用，募集，经济负担，事

实上在生活的各方面都会引起地区反应。

2.Thereisinjournalismawidespreadviewthatwhenyouembarkoninterpretation,youare

enteringchoppyanddangerouswaters,theswirlingtidesofopinion.

［结构简析］theswirling…是说明语。

［参考译文］报界有一种普遍存在的观点：当你从事解释新闻的工作（对新闻进行解释

时），你就进入了波浪滔天，险情还生的水域，意见漩掀的浪潮。

3.Andtheyarejudgmentsnotatallunlikethoseinvolvedininterpretation,inwhichreporter

andeditor,callingupontheirgeneralbackground,andtheir“newsneutralism,“arriveata

conclusionastothesignificanceofthenews.

［结构简析］句中有定语从句inwhich修饰interpretation.定从中callingon分词短语作

伴随状态，修饰reporterandeditor。

［参考译文］这些判断评价就像解释新闻多涉及的判断一样。在这里，记者和编辑要动

用他们的新闻调查研究资源，他们一般的背景材料以及新闻“中立”态度来得出有关新闻意

义的结论。

4.Thetwoareasofjudgment,presentationofthenewsanditsinterpretation,areboth

objectiveratherthensubjectiveprocesses—asobjective,thatis,asanyhumanbeingcanbe.（Note

inpassing:eventhoughcompleteobjectivitycanneverbeachieved,neverthelesstheidealmust

alwaysbethebeacononthemurkynewschannels.）

［结构简析］anoteinpassing义;顺便说一句，附带的谈一下。

［参考译文］这两个判断领域：提供新闻内容和解说新闻领域可不是主观过程，而是客

观过程——也就是说，要像任何人能做到的那样客观。顺便说一句，就算达不到绝对的客观，

那客观的理想必须始终如一的是迷雾漫漫新航道上的信标。

写作方法与文章大意

文章论及“新闻评价”问题。采用•一般到具体手法。文章一开始就提出新闻要客观，真

实的事实，解释要清楚，使读者明白今日世界的问题。国内外大事和我们生活休戚相关。然

后讲述选材过程，版面布置。最后谈到提供和解说新闻中评价要客观。

【答案】

1.A.解释新闻。文章虽提及两个领域（见难句译注4）,但重点在解释（见难句译注2）。

提供是“解说”的前提，但作为标题不合适，因为它是作为“解释”的对比而写的。（见难

句译注3notatallunlike…及难句译注4arebothobjectiveratherthan…）

B.选择事实。这只是提供新闻中一个具体步骤。C.主观对客观过程。也是一个具体

方面（见难句译注4）。D.一切都要算在内。涉及面太广，文内没提及。

2.A.版面空间有限。第四段三句：“举例说，记者收集50条新闻事实。他从50条中选

出10条他认为是最重要的新闻，因为他的版面空间分配必定有所限制。”

B.他的编辑有偏见。不对。C.他的文章主题不重要。不对。D,他进到了波浪滔天

的危险水域（见难句译注2）。这是讲新闻解释。

3.A.解说。最后一段最后三句：“如果编辑想要歪曲新闻，他可以采用其他办法，远比

解说要有效的多。他可以通过选择支持他的观点的才，或通过他给每条新闻所定的位置达到

歪曲的目的——提升到头版，或者降低到三十版。”这段话说明其它办法歪曲新闻比解说新

闻来歪曲有效的多。

B.选材。C.定位。D.集中。

4.C.有些读者不读一段以下的问心，这是常识。有的读者就读大标题。

A.它将影响读者继续读下去。B.这是最佳的写作方法。D.这会使编辑高兴。

8•

Foraslongashumanshaveraisedcropsasasourceoffoodandotherproducts,insectshave

damagedthem.Between1870and1880,locustsatemillionsofdollars'worthofcropsinthe

MississippiValley.TodayintheUnitedStatesthecottonbollweevildamagesabout300million

dollars'worthofcropseachyear.Additionalmillionsarelosteachyeartotheappetitesofother

plant-eatinginsects.Someofthesearecomborers,gypsymoths,potatobeetles,andJapanese

beetles.

Inmodemtimes,manypowerfulinsecticides（杀虫剂）havebeenusedinanattemptto

destroyinsectsthatdamagecropsandtrees.Somekindsofinsecticides,whencarefullyused,have

workedwell.Yetthesameinsecticideshavecausedsomeunexpectedproblems.Inonelargearea,

aninsecticidewasusedagainstJapanesebeetles,whicheatalmostanykindofflowerorleaf.

Shortlyafterward,thenumberofcornborersalmostdoubled.Asintended,theinsecticidehad

killedmanyJapanesebeetles.Butithadkilledmanyoftheinsectenemiesofthecomboreras

well.

Inanothercase,aninsecticidewasusedinLouisianatokillthetroublesomefireant.The

insecticidedidnotkillmanyfireants.Itdidkillseveralsmallanimals.Italsokilledsomeinsect

enemiesofthesugarcaneborer,amuchmoredestructivepestthanthefireants.Asaresult,the

numberofsugarcaneborersincreasedandseverelydamagedthesugarcanecrop.

Tobesurethatoneinsectpestwillnotbetradedforanotherwhenaninsecticideisused,

scientistsmustperfomcarefulexperimentsanddowideresearch.Theexperimentsandresearch

provideknowledgeofthepossiblehazardsaninsecticidemaybringtoplantandanimal

communities.Withoutsuchknowledge,wehavefoundthatnaturesometimesrespondsto

insecticidesinunexpectedways.

1.AninsecticidewasusedinLouisianatokillthetroublesome.

A.comborerB.Japanesebeetle

B.gypsymothD.fireant

2.Whileitisnotdirectlystated,thearticlesuggeststhat.

A.insecticidesarenotdangeroustoanysmallanimals

B.insecticidesdonotalwaysaccomplishtheirpurposes

C.insecticidesarenolongerbeingusedtokillinsects

D.insecticidesdonoharmtopeople

3.Onthewhole,thearticletellsabout.

A.theappetitesofplant-eatinginsectsB.thebestwaytokillbollweevilsC.thedangersin

usinginsecticidesD.thebestwaytogrowcrops

4.Whichstatementdoesthisarticleleadyoutobelieve?

A.Allchangesarepredictable.B.Nothingeverchangesinnature.

C.Natureisnotalwayspredictable.D.Naturealwaysservesmanwell.

5.Scientistsperformcarefulexperimentsanddowideresearchbecause.

A.theymustlearntodestroyalltheinsectsthatweneed

B.theymustbesureoneinsectpestisnottradedfbranother

C.researchkeepsthemfrominventingnewinsecticideforthecrops

D.researchhelpsthemfindawaytokillallinsects

【答案见下页】

1.D2.B3.C4.C5.B

2•

Accordingtothelatestresearchinthe1UnitedStatesofAmerica,menandwomentalksuch

differentlanguagesthatitislikepeoplefromtwodifferentculturestryingtocommunicate.

ProfessorDeborahTannenofGeorgetownUniversity,hasnoticedthedifferenceinthestyleof

boy'sandgirl'sconversationsfromanearlyage.Shesaysthatlittlegirls*conversationisless

definitethanboys'andexpressesmoredoubts.Littleboysuseconversationtoestablishstatuswith

theirlisteners.

Thesedifferencescontinueintoadultlife,shesays.Inpublicconversations,mentalkmost

andinterruptotherspeakersmore.Inprivateconversations,menandwomenspeakinequal

amounts—althoughtheysaythingsinadifferentstyle.ProfessorTannenbelievesthat,forwoman,

privatetalkingisawaytoestablishandtestintimacy.Formen,privatetalkingisawaytoexplore

thepowerstructureofarelationship.

Teachingisonejobwherethedifferencesbetweenmen'sandwomen'swaysoftalkingshow.

Whenamanteachesawoman,saysProfessorTannen,hewantstoshowthathehasmore

knowledge,andhencemorepowerinconversation.Whenawomanteachesanotherwoman,

however,sheismorelikelytotakeasharingapproachandtoencourageherstudenttojoinin.

ButProfessorTannendoesnotbelievethatwomenarenaturallymorehelpful.Shesays

womenfeeltheyachievepowerbybeingabletohelpothers.Althoughtheresearchsuggestsmen

talkandinterruptpeoplemorethanwomen,ProfessorTannensays,womenactuallyencourage

thistohappenbecausetheybelieveitwillleadtomoreintimacyandhelptoestablisha

relationship.

Somescientistswhoarestudyingspeechthinkthatthebrainispre-programmedforlanguage.

Asweareusuallytaughttospeakbywomen,itseemslikelythatthebrainmusthaveasexual

bias（倾向性）initsprogramming,

otherwisemalespeechpatternswouldnotariseatall.

1.Intheopinionofthewriter,womenencouragementotalkbecause

A.itwillleadtomoreintimacyandhelptoestablisharelationship

B.itwillhelptoestablishstatuswiththeirlisteners

C.itwillhelptoexpressmoreclearly

D.itwillhelptocommunicatebetter

2.Thereareinlittlegirls'conversationthaninboys*.

A.fewerdoubtsB.moredemands

C.moredoubtsD.feweruncertainties

3.Somescientistsbelievethatbrainispre-programmedforlanguage.Theword”pre

programmed"means.

A.programmedalreadyB.programmedbeforeoneisborn

C.programmedearlyD.programmedbywomen

4.Inprivateconversation,womenspeak

A.thesamethingsasmenB.lessthanmen

C.morethanmenD.asmuchasmen

5.Thethemeofthisarticleis.

A.womenarenaturallymorehelpful

B.menandwomentalkdifferentlanguages

C.mentalkmostandinterruptotherspeakersmore

D.littlegirls'conversationislessdefinite

1.A2.C3.B4.D5.B

3・

Inthelasttwohundredyearstherehavebeengreatchangesinthemethodofproductionofgoods.

Thisisnowalsotrueofthebuildingindustry;formechanizationhasbeenintroduced.System

buildingcansavebothtimeandmoney.Theprincipleofsystembuildingisthatthebuildingis

madefromasetofstandardunits.Theseareeithermadeatthebuilding-siteoratafactory.Some

designers,infact,arestandardizingthedimensionsofrooms.Theyaremadeinmultiplesofa

singlefixedlength,usuallytencentimeters.Thisiscalledamodular（标准件的）system,andit

meansthatmanufacturescanproducestandardizedfittingsatalowercost.Themostimportant

factaboutsystembuildingisitsspeed.Aten-storeyflat,forexample,canbecompletedinfour

months.

Thereareseveralnewmethodsofsystembuilding.Oneisthepanelmethod.Inthiscase,the

constructioncompanysometimeserectsafactoryonthesite.Thewallsandfloorsofthebuilding,

calledpanels,arecastinahorizontalorverticalposition.Conduitsforelectricalwiresandsleeves

forpipesarecastinthepanelswhentheyarebeingmade.Themouldsformakingthesecastings

aresituatedallaroundthebuilding.

Aftertheconcretepanelsarecast,theyareallowedtosetandhardenforaweek.Nextthey

areliftedbyatowercraneontoanysectionofthebuilding.Therethepanelsarecemented

togetherattheirjointsandthefloorcoveringislaid.

Afterthepanelshavebeencementedtogether,thecraneliftsacaseintothearea.Itcontains

allthefittingstobeinstalled,suchaswash-basins,radiatorsandpipes.Finishingtradesmen,such

asplumbers,plasterers,paintersandelectricians,followbehindtocompletethework.

Insomebuildingdevelopments,insomecountries,wholeflatswithinternalfeatureslike

theirbathrooms,bedroomsandconnectingstairs,andweighingasmuchastwentytons,are

carriedtothebuilding-siteready-made.Agiantoverheadcraneisusedtoliftthemintoposition.In

thefuture,thismethodmaybecomemorewidespread.

1.Themaindifferencebetweenpanelmethodandthemethoddiscussedinthelastparagraph

is.

A.thelatterusesready-madeinternalfeatures

B.panelsarecastinalevelposition

C.theformerisusedtobuildwallsandfloorswhilethelattertoconstructbathroomsor

bedrooms

D.theformerismoreexpensivethanthelatter

2.WhichofthesestatementsisTRUEofsystembuilding?

A.Itemploysmoremen.B.Itisdifficultanddangerous.

C.Ilcansavebothtimeandmoney.D.Itmeanslessmechanization.

3.Accordingtothepassage,theprincipleofsystembuildingisthat.

A.constructionmethodsaresafer

B.buildingsaremadefromasetofstandardizedunits

C.similarbuildingscanbeproduced

D.allunitsareproducedonthesite

4.Theusualfixedlengthinthemodularsystemis.

A.twentycentimetersB.tenmillimeters

C.fiftycentimetersD.tencentimeters

5.Whatliftstheconcretepanelsontothebuilding?

A.Cranes.B.Man-power.

C.Pulleys.D.Hydraulicjacks.

1.A2.C3.B4.D5.A

Everyday25millionU.S.childrenrideschoolbuses.Thesafetyrecordforthesebusesismuch

betterthanforpassengercars;butnevertheless,about10childrenarekilledeachyearridingon

largeschoolbuses,andnearlyfourtimesthatnumberarekilledoutsidebusesintheloadingzones.

Byandlarge,however,thenation'sschoolchildrenaretransportedtoandfromschoolsafely.

Eventhoughthenumberofschoolbuscasualties（死亡人数）isnotlarge,thesafetyof

childrenisalwaysofintensepublicconcern.Whileeveryonewantstoseechildrentransported

safely,peoplearedividedaboutwhatneedstobedone一particularlywhetherseatbeltsshouldbe

mandatory（强制性的）•

Supportersofseatbeltsonschoolbusesarguethatseatbeltsarenecessarynotonlytoreduce

deathandinjury,butalsototeachchildrenlessonsabouttheimportanceofusingthemroutinelyin

anymovingvehicle.Asidebenefit,theypointout,isthatseatbeltshelpkeepchildrenintheir

seats,awayfromthebusdriver.

Opponentsofseatbeltinstallationsuggestthatchildrenarealreadywellprotectedbythe

schoolbusesthatfollowtheNationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration's（NHTSA）safety

requirementsetin1977.Theyalsobelievethatmanychildrenwon*twearseatbeltsanyway,and

thattheymaydamagethebeltsorusethemasweaponstohurtotherchildren.

AnewResearchCouncilreportonschoolbussafetysuggeststhattherearealternatesafety

devicesandproceduresthatmaybemoreeffectiveandlessexpensive.Forexample,thestudy

committeesuggestedthatraisingseatbacksfourinchesmayhavethesamesafetyeffectivenessas

seatbelts.

ThereportsponsoredbytheDepartmentofTransportationattherequestofCongress,

reviewsseatbeltsextensivelywhiletakingabroaderlookatsafetyinandaroundschoolbuses.

1.Eachyear,childrenkilledoutsidebusesintheloadingzonesareabout.

A.10B.40C.30D.50

2.Whichofthesewordsisnearestinmeaningtothewords"aredivided'123inParagraph

A.disagreeB.separate

C.arrangeD.concern

3.Accordingtothepassage,whohasthegreatestdegreeofcontroloftheschoolbuses'

“safety”？

A.ANewResearchCouncil.

B.TheDepartmentofTransportation.

C.TheMedicalOrganizations.

D.NationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration.

4.Itmaybeinferredfromthispassagethat.

A.manyoftheopponentsofseatbeltinstallationareparentsandofficialsoftheDepartment

ofTransportation

B.proposalofseatbeltsonschoolbuseswouldbeseriouslyconsidered

C.analternatesafetydevice(raisingseatbacksfourinches)maybetakeninto

consideration

D.TheDepartmentofTransportationmayeithertaketheideaofseatbeltsorothermeasures

whenitreviewsthewholesituation

5.Thebesttitlewhichexpressestheideaofthepassageis.

A.MakingSchoolBusesEvenSaferforChildren

B.SeatBeltsNeededonSchoolBuses

C.AlternateSafetyDevicesandProcedures

D.SafetyinandaroundSchoolBuses

【答案见下页】

1.B2.A3.D4.D5,A

8.avoiders,deniers9.denialisnotthebestapproach10.signsofillness

Likemostparents,geologistBrainAtwaterworriesabouthisdaughter'ssafety.Butthesedays,

hehasanunusualconcern;Thepublicschoolshe___1___inSeattlehasunreinforcedbrickwalls,

a___2___beingeasytocollapseduringearthquakes.Thesame___3___ofwallscrushedhundreds

ofthousandsofpeopleduringthe1976TangshanquakeinChina.

Adecadeago,Atwaterwouldhavepaidlittlenoticetoschoolroomwalls.Butoverthelast

severalyears,heandotherscientistshavefound4signsthatthePacificNorthwesthas

experiencedgiantquakesinthedistantpastandthattheareamaybeheadedforadestructive

shockinthenearfuture.

AtameetingoftheAmericanGeophysicalUnioninDecember,researchersdiscussed

the___5___uncoveredevidenceofquakepotentialinthePacificNorthwest.Whilesomeremain

unconvincedthathugeearthquakes—withmagnitudesof8orhigher-doindeed___6___this

region,agrowingnumberconsidersuchshocksaseriouspossibility.

What'sworrisome,theysay,isthatnorthwesterncitiessuchasPortland,Seattleand

Vancouverhavenotpreparedforearthquakesofthismagnitude,whichcouldshaketheregion's

___7___centerswithenoughforcetomaketherecentSanFranciscoareadamageseem___8___

incomparison.

“Ithinkit'squitetruetosaythatnothinghasreallybeendesignedwithoneofthese

earthquakesinmind,"saysseismologistPaulSomervilleofWoodward.Atthemeeting,

Somervilleandhiscolleagues___9___estimatesofthedegreeofshaking.PortlandandSeattle

wouldsufferduringsucha___10___earthquake.

A.massiveB.recentlyC.constructionD.displayed

E.relativelyF.attendsGtypeH.strike

I.structureJ.participatesK.excessiveL.mild

M.disturbingN.population0.presented

1.F2.C3.G4.M5.B6.H7.N8.L9.O10.A

SensoryEvaluationofFood

APolishproverbclaimsthatfish,totasteright,shouldthreetimes一inwater,inbutterandin

wine.Theearlyeffortsofthebasicscientistsinthefoodindustryweredirectedatimprovingthe

preparation,preservation,anddistributionofsafeandnutritiousfood.Ourmemoriesofcertain

foodstuffseatenduringtheWorldWarIIsuggestthat,althoughthesemighthavebeensafeand

nutritious,theycertainlydidnottasterightnorweretheyparticularlyappetizinginappearanceor

smell.Thisneglectofthesensoryappealoffoodsishappilybecomingathingofthepast.Bow,in

thebook“PrinciplesofSensoryEvaluationofFood,^^theauthorshopethatitwillbeusefulto

foodtechnologistsinindustryandalsotoothersengagedinresearchintoproblemofsensory

evaluationoffoods.Anattempthasclearlybeenmaketocollecteverypossiblepieceof

information,whichmightbeuseful,morethanonethousandfivehundredreferencesbeingquoted.

Asaresult,thebookseemsatfirstsighttobeanexhaustiveandcriticallyusefulreviewofthe

literature.Thisitcertainlyis,butthisisbynomeansisitsonlyachievement,fortherearemany

suggestionsforfurtherlinesofresearch,andthediscursivepassagesarecrisplyprovocativeof

newideasandnewwaysoflookingatestablishedfindings.

Ofparticularinterestistheweightgiventothepsychologicalaspectsofperception,both

objectivelyandsubjectively.Therelationbetweenstimuliandperceptioniswellcovered,and

includesavaluablediscussionoftheusesanddisadvantagesoftheWeberfractionofdifferences.

Itisinterestingtofindthatinspiteofmanyattemptstoseparateanddefinethemodalitiesoftaste,

nothingbetterhasbeenachievedthanthefamiliarclassificationintosweet,soursaltyandbitter.

Noristhereasyetanyclear-cutevidenceofthephysiologicalnatureofthetastestimulus.With

regardtosmell,systemsofclassificationareoflittlevaluebecauseoftheextraordinarysensitivity

ofthenoseandbecausetheresponsetothestimulusissosubjective.Theauthorssuggestthata

classificationbasedonthesize,shapeandelectronicstatusofthemoleculeinvolvedmeritsfurther

investigation,asdoesthetheoreticalpropositionthatweakphysicalbindingofthestimulant

moleculetohereceptorsiteisanecessarypartofthemechanismofstimulation.

Apartfromtasteandsmell,therearemanyothercomponentsofperceptionofthesensations

fromfoodinthemouth.Thebasicmodalitiesofpain,cold,warmthandtouch,togetherwith

vibrationsense,discriminationandlocalizationmayallplayapart,as,ofcourse,doesauditory

receptionofbone-conductedvibratorystimulifromtheteethwheneatingcrisporcrunchyfoods.

Inthisconnectiontheauthorsrightlypointoutthatthistypeofstimulusrequiresmuchmore

investigation,suggestingthatastartmightbemadebyusingsubjectsafflictedwithvariousforms

ofdeafness.Itiswell-knownthatextraneousnoisemayalterdiscrimination,andtheattentionof

theauthorsisdirectedtotheworkofProf.H.J.Eysenckonthe"stimulushunger5'ofextroverts

andthe"stimulusavoidance“ofintroverts.

1.ThereviewerusesaPolishproverbatthebeginningofthearticleinorderto

[A].introduce,inaninterestingmanner,thediscussionoffood.

|Bj.showtheconnectionbetweenfoodandnationalityoffood.

[C].indicatethattherearevariouswaystopreparefood.

[DJ.impressuponthereaderthefoodvalueoffish.

2.ThereviewersappraisalofuPrinciplesofSensoryEvaluationofFood“isoneof

[A].mixedfeelings.[B].indifference

[C].highpraise.[D].faintpraise.

3.Thewriterofthearticledoesnotexpresstheview,eitherdirectlyorbyimplication,that

[AJ.sharplydefinedclassificationsoftasteareneeded.

[B],moreresearchshouldbedoneregardingthemolecularconstituencyoffood.

[C].foodvaluesareobjectivelydeterminedbyanexpert“smeller”.

[D].temperatureisanimportantfactorinthevalueoffood.

4.Theauthorsofthebooksuggesttheuseofdeafsubjectbecause

[Aj.deafpeoplearegenerallyintroversive.

[BJ.theauditorysenseisanimportantfactorinfoodevaluation.

[C].theyaremorefastidiousintheirchoiceoffoods.

[D].Alltypesofsubjectsshouldbeused.

[词汇]

1.preservation保鲜，保存2.sensory叩peal感官的魅力

3.beprovocativeof脱颖而出4.exhaustive详尽的，无遗漏的

5.discursive推论的6.beprovocativeof引起...争论/兴趣等的

7.crisp有力的，有劲的8.perception感觉，知觉，直觉

9.modality方式modalityoftaste（味）感觉到

10.discrimination鉴别力11.localization地区性，定位

12.merit值得..，有价值13.crunch